U.S. PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
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U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000
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Class 008
BLEACHING AND DYEING; FLUID TREATMENT AND CHEMICAL
MODIFICATION OF TEXTILES AND FIBERS
Class Definition:
This class takes the characters of processes set forth below,
the products of such processes where not more specifically
provided for, and in the specified instances, compositions
used in the processes. (Also see References to Other Classes,
below.)
This is the generic class for processes of and compositions
for dyeing materials of any kind (subclasses 400-696),
including specific treatments peculiarly related to dyeing,
such as mordanting, weighting, color protecting, etc. In
subclasses 400-696 the main line subclass title indicates
whether the particular subclass and its indents are limited
to processes, compositions, etc., or combinations of such. In
instances where subject matter proper for subclasses 400-696
is combined with subject matter proper for other main
classes, unless contraindicated elsewhere, if the dye steps
are followed by subject matter proper for another main class
the combination is classified in the other class and
cross-referenced here. Dyeing steps following or simultaneous
with steps proper for other classes are generally classified
here.
This is the generic class for processes of and compositions
for treating hides, skins, feathers and animal tissues with
chemicals and fluids (see References to This Class, below).
This is the generic class for processes of bleaching
materials of any kind (see References to This Class,
below).
This is the generic class for processes of and compositions
for improving felting properties of textile fibers, hair,
fur, feathers, etc., e.g., carroting (see References to This
Class, below).
This is the generic class for the chemical modification of
textiles and organic fibers and takes compositions for this
purpose when not more specifically provided for elsewhere
e.g., parchmentizing and mercerizing compositions (see
References to This Class, below).
This is also the class for special types of processes for
treating textiles and fibers with fluids even though the
fluids do not chemically modify the textiles and fibers,
namely: (a) plasticizing or swelling of artificial fibers
whether or not combined with stretching; (b) fiber protecting
during treatments provided for in this class; (c) color
protecting during treatments provided for in this class); (d)
cleaning and laundering (see References to This Class,
below).
Manipulative processes for the treatment of textile fibers of
fabrics, hides, skins and leather with chemicals and fluids
for a purpose provided for in this class which are of general
applicability are placed in this class, even though limited
by claim terminology to a particular treatment, e.g., dyeing,
bleaching, tanning, etc.(see References to This Class,
below).
This class has no apparatus, per se, but where a process or
product, classifiable in this class, is claimed along with
claims to apparatus, the patent is placed in this class (8)
and cross referenced to the appropriate apparatus class.
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
For coloring of plastic materials by incorporation of
coloring matter in solution or plastic composition before
shaping, see the appropriate classes, e.g., Class 106; Class
252; Class 260; etc.
The printing compositions employed in this class are
basically distinguished from the printing inks of Class 106,
Compositions: Coating or Plastic, in that the latter are
intended essentially for coating the surface of a material in
patterns or designs, while in this class the coloration is
produced by imbibition and absorption by or combination with
the fibers of the material. Class 106 usually involves an
insoluble pigment suspended in an oleaginous vehicle, while
here a soluble dye in an aqueous paste is usually involved.
The rules for determining Class placement of the Original
Reference (OR) for claimed chemical compositions are set
forth in the Class Definition of Class 252 in the section
LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS, subsection
COMPOSITION CLASS SUPERIORITY, which includes a hierarchical
ORDER OF SUPERIORITY FOR COMPOSITION CLASSES.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
94.1, for processes of and compositions for treating hides,
skins, feathers and animal tissues with chemicals and
fluids.
101.1 for processes of bleaching materials of any kind.
112 for processes of and compositions for improving felting
properties of textile fibers, hair, fur, feathers, etc.
114 -130, for the chemical modification of textiles and
organic fibers.
130.1 for plasticizing or swelling of artificial fibers
whether or not combined with stretching.
133 fiber protecting during treatments provided for in this
class.
134 for color protecting during treatments provided for in
this class.
subclasses 137+ for cleaning and laundering.
subclasses 147+ for manipulative processes for the
treatment of textile fibers of fabrics, hides, skins and
leather with chemicals and fluids.
REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, for
apparatus in general for drying or contacting solids with
vapors or gases; and see Class 26, Textiles: Cloth Finishing,
subclass(es) 81, 92 or 106 for the combination therewith of
means for expanding (e.g., stretching, spreading) running
length webs of cloth.
44, Fuel and and Related Compositions, subclass 59 for
coloring of fuel oil.
68, Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus, for apparatus for
treating textiles with fluids and dyes.
69, Leather Manufactures, for fur and leather working
apparatus.
100, Presses, appropriate subclasses for apparatus not
elsewhere provided for, for subjecting material to
compressive force by causing solid surfaces to approach one
another, by forcing the material through a constriction, or
by tightening a flexible member about the material
100, Presses, subclasses 2+ and 35+ for processes not
elsewhere provided for, for subjecting material to
compressive force by causing solid surfaces to approach one
another, by forcing the material through a constriction, or
by tightening a flexible member about the material.
106, Composition: Coating or Plastic, for the coloring of
coating or plastic compositions in general, e.g., for the
coloring of lacquers and varnishes or cellulose solutions
prior to extrusion.
118, Coating Apparatus, appropriate subclasses, for apparatus
for coating textiles.
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, for apparatus
for treating solids with liquids.
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, which is the
generic class for such subject matter, and see the SEARCH
CLASS note in the class definition of Class 134 for the line
with this class (8).
148, Metal Treatment, for producing a reactive coating on
solid metal utilizing an organic dyestuff.
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, particularly subclass
6, 7, 64 to 67, 70+, 126, 134, and 162 for process of dyeing,
bleaching or chemically purifying fibers, fibrous pulps (as
distinguished from strands or continuous filaments) and
undried waterlaid fibrous webs. Processes of dyeing or
bleaching, which as disclosed or claimed, may be applied
either to a fabric, strand, etc., (classifiable in Class 8),
or a pulp or web (classifiable in Class 162) are classified
in Class 8.
223, Apparel Apparatus, for apparel making apparatus.
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, appropriate subclasses
for dyestuffs which are new carbon compounds even though they
have claimed utility as a dye. Patents containing claims to a
material dyed therewith are in Class 260, except where the
dyeing process is also claimed, in which case, the patent
belongs in this class (8).
264, Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, subclass 20, 73-78, and 245 for coloring or
shading or employment of colored materials when combined with
a significant shaping or molding operation within the class
definition. Note particularly subclass 78 pertaining to
dyeing or incorporating of dye susceptible materials.
422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Disinfecting,
Deodorizing, Preserving, or Sterilizing, for apparatus for
performing Chemical reactions.
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, for dyed composition, process of dyeing and dyed
material all limited to an edible.
427, Coating Processes, for the application of a colored
solidifiable coating to a surface. Class 427 takes the
subcombination of coating of a dyed article, except where the
coating is a mordant or fixing agent, a weighting agent for a
textile or is reacted with a textile base to chemically
modify the same. Class 8 takes the combined processes of
dyeing and coating in any sequence other than mere recital of
dyeing with no disclosure of how the dyeing is carried out,
in the specification, nor dye materials used.
427, Coating Processes, for generic processes of coating or
impregnating materials including textiles, leather, paper,
etc. For a more detailed line between 427 and this class, see
the reference to Class 8 in the class definition of Class
427.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses, for a single or plural layer web, sheet strand or
fiber product, as defined therein, which may be coated or
impregnated, but in which the coating or impregnant is other
than a bleach, dye, chemical modifier or treatment material
as provided for in this class (8).
430, Radiation Imagery Chemistry: Process, Composition, or
Product Thereof, appropriate subclasses for dyeing steps
combined with radiation imaging steps in any sequence.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,
subclasses 4+ for measuring or testing processes involving
micro-organisms, cells, or tissues which may include the
staining of the micro-organisms, cells, or tissues for
observation purposes.
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate
subclasses for dyestuffs which are new carbon containing
synthetic resins even though they have claimed utility as a
dye. Patents containing claims to a novel dye and claims to a
material dyed therewith are in Class 520, except where the
dyeing process is also claimed, in which case, the patent
belongs in this class (8). See Class 523, subclasses 1+ for
the coloring of a synthetic resin or natural rubber
composition.
GLOSSARY:
ACID DYE
A dye containing organic acid groups, e.g., sulfonic,
sulfamic, phosphoric, carboxylic, etc., or their salts. Acid
dyes are commonly sodium salts of organic acids applied in an
acid bath and used to dye wool, polyamide and silk. Acid dyes
have the ability to be substantive to substrates with basic
groups.
BASIC DYE
A basic or cationic dye will dye substrates having acidic
properties, e.g., polyacrylonitrile, acid modified polyester,
etc. They include diphenylmethane, triphenylmethane,
xanthene, naphtroperinone, quinophthalone, quaternary
ammonium group, etc., containing dyes.
CREPE
Crepe is a general classification of fabrics characterized by
a broad range of crinkled or grained surface effects.
CROSS-LINKER DYE ADDITIVE
A cross-linker dye additive is a compound added to assist in
dyeing which reacts chemically with both the dye and
substrate, other than due to chelate formation.
DIRECT DYE
Direct dyes, also known as substantive dyes, are generally
sulfonated azo compounds very similar to acid dyes in
constitution, good for dyeing cellulose fibers or protein
fibers.
DISAZO
Disazo for the purpose of this class is define d as a
compound containing two or more azo (-N=N-) groups.
DISPERSE DYE
Disperse dyes are water-insoluble, neutral dyes applied to
the substrate from a fine aqueous suspension, which were
originally developed for use in dyeing of cellulose acetate
and polyester materials.
DYE ADDITIVE
A dye additive or assistant is defined to be any material
added to a dye to help in dyeing and is not basically a part
of the dye itself.
DYEING
Is employed in this classification in its understood and
accepted meaning in the art, that is to say, it denotes
imparting a substantially permanent color to organic fibrous
or filamentous material or other porous material by the use
of substances, or preparations possessing tincorial
properties and which are not dependent for their ability to
become fixed to the base solely upon the presence of an
adhesive of bindive vehicle or ingredient, as distinguished
from the application of an insoluble pigment suspended in a
bindive vehicle, e.g., paint or any colored coating
composition where the coloring agent does not actually color
the base.
FUGITIVE TINTING
Denotes the application of a temporary or easily removable
coloration to a material for identification or like purpose.
HETERO ATOM
The hetero atoms are nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and
tellurium.
HETERO RING
A hetero ring is a ring which contains only carbon and hetero
atoms.
METHINE GROUP
Methine group refers to -CH=.
MORDANT DYE
Mordant dyes are dyes which require a mordant in their
application and which upon combination with the mordant
deposit insoluble color on the substrate, e.g., dyes with
metal chelating groups.
MORDANTS
Are substances of organic or inorganic origin which combine
with the coloring matter and are used to fix the same in the
production of the color. For the purpose of this class, such
materials as oils and sulfonated oils, soaps, fats and higher
acids, are not generally considered as mordants, but as
coming within the scope of "assistants" in dyeing.
OXIDATION DYE
Oxidation dyes are dyes which produce a color by oxidation on
the substrate of compounds such as arylamino, hydrxyaryl, or
similar compounds to produce, e.g., aniline black or diphenyl
black. Nitroaniline dyes are included.
REACTIVE DYE
A reactive dye reacts chemically with a substrate having
reactive -H atoms thereon, e.g., ester or ether formation
with cellulose.
SOLVENT DYE
A solvent dye is a dye which si soluble in an organic solvent
and is commonly introduced in the form of a solution in an
organic solvent.
SULFUR DYE
Sulfur dyes contain sulfur linkages within their molecules
which are produced by sulfurization, i.e., heating of organic
compounds with sulfur or alkali polysulfides.
SUBSTRATE
The term substrate is used here to refer to the base material
being dyed.
TEXTILE MATERIAL
As employed in this classification is limited to organic
fibrous and filamentous materials, and mixed materials
including same as a definite component part thereof and not
in the popular sense to include all materials, e.g., it does
not include asbestos and glass fibers adapted to be felted,
woven or knitted not glass fiber fabric. In the dyeing
subclasses (400-696) paper has been grouped with the textile
materials.
VAT DYE
Vat dyes are dyes which are applied to the substrate in
reduced, soluble form and then oxidize to the original
insoluble pigment. Common vat dyes are quinonic dyes and
particularly common are anthraquinones and indigoids.
SUBCLASSES
Subclass:
94.1
Processes of treating hides, skins, feathers, and other
animal tissues with chemicals or fluid and the resulting
products not otherwise provided for.
(1) Note. This and indented subclasses also include the
compositions used in the processes provided for and the
resulting product unless otherwise provided for.
(2) Note. For compositions of matter including hides, skins,
feathers, or animal tissues, see the appropriate composition
class, particularly Class 71, Chemistry: Fertilizers,
subclass 18; Class 106, Compositions: Coating, or Plastic,
subclasses 124.4+, 124.6+, 124.7, and 124.8+; Class 524,
Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, subclasses 9+.
(3) Note. Class 34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With
Solids, subclasses 280+, is the generic class for the
treatment of feathers and will take all treatments of
feathers not otherwise provided for. The line between Class
34, subclasses 280+ and this subclass is as follows: Class
34, subclasses 280+ takes (1) the drying of feathers, (2)
nonreactive gas or vapor contact of feathers and (3) any
other treatment of feathers not elsewhere provided for; this
subclass takes the treatment of feathers with chemicals or
fluids except (1) and (2) above. See the notes to Class 34,
subclasses 280+ for feather treatments provided for
elsewhere.
(4) Note. Apparatus used in carrying out the processes of
this and indented subclasses are in Class 69, Leather
Manufactures, subclasses 28 and 29+, unless more specifically
provided for elsewhere.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 101+ for the bleaching of hides, skins, feathers
and animal tissues.
subclasses 137+ and 147+, for washing, cleaning and
manipulative processes of treating furs, skins and leather
with a chemical or fluid.
subclasses 404+ for the dyeing of hides, hair, furs, and
feathers.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
27, Undertaking, appropriate subclasses, particularly
subclass 22.1 for the treatment of dead bodies of persons
for preparation for burial.
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, subclasses
280+ (see Note 3).
69, Leather Manufactures, subclass 21 and 22 for processes
of treating hides, skins, fur or leather which do not involve
the use of chemicals or a fluid, and are not more
specifically provided for elsewhere and for processes of
fluid treatment combined with some other mechanical working
or nonfluid treatment of leather.
71, Chemistry: Fertilizers, subclass 18 (see Note 2).
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, appropriate subclass
and the notes thereto for compositions for coating of hides,
skins, feathers, or animal tissues which form adherent fibers
upon the base coated. Coating compositions which react with
the hides, skins, feathers or animal tissues coated are
classified in this or indented subclasses (see Note 2).
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compostions, subclass 692 for
electrolytic treatment of hides or skins.
252, Compositions, subclass 8.57 for compositions for
treating tanned hides and skins and for treating furs.
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, appropriate subclasses,
for new carbon compounds and processes of preparing them,
even though claimed as hide, skin, leather, feather, or
animal tissue treating agents (see Note 2).
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclass 75 for a composition used to preserve and/or
improve the appearance of a corpse for preparation for burial
other than depilatories.
427, Coating Processes, appropriate subclasses, especially
subclass 323, 389, and 412, for processes of forming and
adherent skin coating on a proteinaceous base. This and
indented subclasses provide for treating hides, skins,
feather, and animal tissue with coating type materials where
the material is not used in such amounts as to produce a skin
coating but only impregnates the base and the purpose of the
impregnation is not to waterproof. Waterproofing by
impregnation is in Class 427. Combinations of reactive fluid
treatments of tanning and coating are in Class 8.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses, especially subclass 6 for a treated, embellished
or simulated feather or group of feathers, and subclass 473,
for a plural layer product including a layer of leather, not
elsewhere provided for.
434, Education, and Demonstration, subclasses 295+ for
processes of preparation of biological specimens, and
taxidermy and compositions used in such processes.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology,
subclasses 265+ for processes of treating hides, skins,
feathers and animal tissues that include fermentative action
and products of such processes not otherwise provided for.
452, Butchering, for the preparation of a carcass for food,
particularly subclasses 71+ for removal of hair, feathers,
or fish scales and subclasses 125+ for the removal of skin.
Subclass:
94.11
This subclass is indented under subclass 94.1. Processes for
the treatment of subcutaneous or internal tissues of animals,
fowls, fish or reptiles.
(1) Note. Many of the patents in this subclass are directed
to methods for the production of sutures, tennis racquet
strings and the like, from gut.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
426, Food or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products, subclass 140 for edible containers, animal de-
rived and subclasses 276+ for processes of making same.
606, Surgery, subclasses 228+ for surgical sutures and
ligatures.
Subclass:
94.12
This subclass is indented under subclass 94.1. Processes for
the treatment of fish or reptile skins.
Subclass:
94.13
This subclass is indented under subclass 94.1. Processes
directed to the production of suede leather.
(1) Note. By "suede" is meant leather in which the grain of
outermost surface has been removed leaving a surface having
small free fibers projecting therefrom.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
69, Leather Manufactures, subclasses 9+ for apparatus for,
and subclass 21 for process of, skiving and splitting
leather.
Subclass:
94.14
This subclass is indented under subclass 94.1. Processes
directed to the treatment of fur.
(1) Note. "Fur", as used herein, means the soft fine fibrous
coat covering the skins of many animals and commonly known as
fur as distinguished from hair.
(2) Note. Fluid treatments of hides and skins having the fur
thereon are not classified in this subclass, unless the
treatment is for the purpose of treating the fur fibers. For
the fluid treatment of furred skins, such as tanning, etc.,
which are not for the purpose of treating the fur fiber
itself, see the appropriate subclasses below.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
94.16 for a process of removing fur from a hide provided for
in this class.
112 for the improving of the felting properties (i.e.,
carroting).
128 for the chemical modification of (a) animal fibers which
are in the free state, i.e., detached from the skin upon
which they occur, or (b) fabrics made from such fibers.
subclasses 137+ for cleaning or laundering of furs.
subclasses 147+ for fluid treatment (i.e., manipulative) of
hides, skins, and leather with fluids.
subclasses 404+ for the dyeing of furs.
Subclass:
94.15
This subclass is indented under subclass 94.1. Processes
directed to the treatment of untanned skins or hides.
(1) Note. Processes of tanning hides and skins, and
treatment with materials which chemically react with the hide
are in subclasses 94.19+, unless combined with some other
fluid treatment of the untanned hide, or skin, provided for
in subclasses 94.15+.
(2) Note. Processes included herein may be preparatory to or
combined with the subsequent step of tanning the hide or
skin. Such combined processes are cross referenced below in
the appropriate subclass for the tanning step if desired.
Combination of a significant tanning step and a step
preparatory there to, such as dehairing, bating, etc.,
wherein the preparatory step is broadly included or no
significant aspects or characteristics of the preparatory
step are set forth in the claims are classified below on the
basis of the tanning step.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions, for
insecticidal, fungicidal, germicidal and disinfectant
compositions for use as a hide or skin saturant.
Subclass:
94.16
This subclass is indented under subclass 94.15. Processes for
treating a hide or skin for the purpose of removing the hair
therefrom.
(1) Note. This and indented subclasses are the generic
location for depilating processes and compostitons and take
all such processes except those specifically placed elsewhere
as set forth under "SEARCH CLASS" below.
(2) Note. The combination of a significant tanning step and
a depilating step preparatory thereto, wherein the depilating
step is broadly recited and no significant aspects of the
depilating step are claimed, is classified below on the basis
of the tanning step.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
19, Textiles: Fiber Preparation, subclasses 2+ for the
mechanical liberation of animal fibers from their source for
the purpose of preparing the fibers for textile use.
27, Undertaking, for a method of depilating a corpse combined
with other undertaking steps.
30, Cutlery, for a cutting implement useful in removing hair
from the skin or body, particularly subclasses 32+ for
razors.
69, Leather Manufactures, for apparatus and process for
depilating a hide to be made into leather which does not
involve the use of chemicals or fluids (e.g., cutting,
plucking) and for a process of depilation using chemicals or
fluid combined with other mechanical steps of leather working
or treatment.
83, Cutting, subclasses 13+ for a process of removing hair
from the skin of a human or animal by cutting (e.g., shaving,
etc.).
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclass
265 for depilating compositions and processes involving
fermentation.
451, Abrading, particularly subclasses 523-525 and
subclasses 526+ for the removal of hair by abrasion.
452, Butchering, subclasses 71+ for a process of depilating
combined with other nondepilatory steps of preparing fowl and
animal carcasses for use as food and depilating apparatus for
preparing fowl and animal carcasses for food.
606, Surgery, subclass 44 for electrical needles useful for
depilating the living human body, subclasses 133+ for
miscellaneous depilating apparatus used on living humans not
specifically provided for elsewhere.
Subclass:
94.17
This subclass is indented under subclass 94.15. Processes for
the treatment of hides and skins, for the purpose of removing
or neutralizing the alkaline material therefrom.
(1) Note. Most of the patents in this subclass are directed
to the removal or neutralization of lime or other alkaline
material used in the depilating process.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
252, Compositions, subclass 193 for alkali or base bindant
containing compositions.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclass
265 for "bating" or other treatments of hides for removal of
lime or other alkaline material by processes involving
fermentation and the composition used in such processes.
Subclass:
94.18
This subclass is indented under subclass 94.15. Processes for
the treatment of hides and skins in which an organic material
is employed.
(1) Note. The term "organic material" as used herein means a
material within the main Class definition of Class 260,
Chemistry of Carbon Compounds.
Subclass:
94.19
This subclass is indented under subclass 94.1. Processes,
directed to the tanning of hides and skins to produce
leather.
(1) Note. The term "tanning" as used means the chemical
reaction of the protein of the hide or skin with another
material to produce an insoluble compound, includes all such
reaction such as with alum, commonly known as "tawing".
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 404+ for tanning combined with dyeing.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
560, Organic Compounds, subclass 68 and 69 for tanning
materials which are new chemical compounds, reaction products
or extracts.
Subclass:
94.2
This subclass is indented under subclass 94.19. Processes
including a significant treatment of the tanned hide or skin
subsequent to the tanning.
(1) Note. This subclass includes process of tanning combined
with a subsequent fluid treatment of the leather as well as a
fluid treatment of leather, per se, where not otherwise
provided for.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 101+ for the bleaching of leather.
subclasses 436+ for the dyeing of leather.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
69, Leather Manufactures, subclass 21 for processes of
treating and working leather not involving a treatment with a
fluid, and nonreactive fluid treatment combined with the
mechanical working or nonfluid treatment of leather.
252, Compositions, subclass 8.57 and the notes thereto, for
compositions used in treating leather.
427, Coating Processes, particularly subclass 323, 389 and
412 for processes of coating a proteinaceous base. The line
between Class 427 and this class with respect to the
treatment of leather with fluids and chemicals is as follows:
Class 427 takes the treatment of leather which results in
skin coating on the leather; this and the indented subclasses
take (1) treatment with a material which chemically reacts
with the leather treated and (2) treatment with nonreactive
fluids which do not result in the production of a solid,
adherent skin coating. This and indented subclasses include
the treatment of leather with material which is capable of
forming skin coatings when the materials are not used in such
amounts as to produce a skin coating but only to impregnate
or become absorbed in the leather. Class 427 also takes
combinations of fluid treatments of hides, skins, or leather
combined with the subsequent coating of the leather except
where the said fluid treatment results in the chemical
modification of the hide, skin, or leather (e.g., tanning).
Subclass:
94.21
This subclass is indented under subclass 94.2. Processes in
which the subsequent treatment of the leather includes the
use of an organic material.
(1) Note. See Note (1) to the definition of subclass 94.18.
Subclass:
94.22
This subclass is indented under subclass 94.21. Processes in
which the subsequent treatment of the leather includes the
use of a fat, fatty oil, fatty oil acid or salt thereof.
(1) Note. Processes of fat liquoring leather are found
herein.
Subclass:
94.23
This subclass is indented under subclass 94.22. Processes in
which the subsequent treatment of the leather includes the
use of an emulsion containing fat, fatty oil, fatty oil acid
or salt thereof.
Subclass:
94.24
This subclass is indented under subclass 94.19. Processes of
tanning in which the tanning agent used contains condensation
product of an aldehyde and an aromatic compound.
(1) Note. The use of the materials known as "syntans" are
classified herein.
Subclass:
94.25
This subclass is indented under subclass 94.19. Processes or
tanning in which the tanning agent contains a compound of a
heavy metal.
(1) Note. The term "heavy metal" as used here means a metal
having a specific gravity greater than four.
Subclass:
94.26
This subclass is indented under subclass 94.25. Processes of
tanning in which the tanning agent contains an organic
material in addition to a heavy metal.
(1) Note. See Note (1) to the definition of subclass 94.18.
(2) Note. The organic material may be an organic compound of
the heavy metal or a mixture of an organic compound and a
heavy metal compound or the organic material and heavy metal
compound may be used in any sequence.
Subclass:
94.27
This subclass is indented under subclass 94.25. Processes of
tanning in which the heavy metal compound contains chromium.
Subclass:
94.28
This subclass is indented under subclass 94.25. Processes of
tanning in which the heavy metal compound contains iron.
Subclass:
94.29
This subclass is indented under subclass 94.19. Processes of
tanning in which the tanning agent contains a compound of
aluminum.
(1) Note. In this and the indented subclass are placed
processes of tanning with alum, commonly known as "tawing".
Subclass:
94.3
This subclass is indented under subclass 94.29. Processes of
tanning in which the tanning agent contains a vegetable
extract.
Subclass:
94.31
This subclass is indented under subclass 94.19. Processes of
tanning in which the tanning agents contain a waste liquor
from a process of liberating cellulose from its natural
source.
(1) Note. This subclass includes tanning processes employing
a liquor, or solution of the residue from the sulfate,
sulfite, or soda process of liberating cellulose.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, subclass 123.11 and
the notes thereto, for other compositions containing
cellulose liberation liquors.
530, Chemistry: Natural Resins or Derivatives; Peptides or
Proteins; Lignins or Reaction Products Thereof, subclasses
500+ for such residues and reaction products, per se.
Subclass:
94.32
This subclass is indented under subclass 94.19. Processes of
tanning in which the tanning agent contains a vegetable
extract.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
94.3 for tanning processes in which vegetable extracts are
used with aluminum compounds.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
560, Organic Compounds, subclass 68 and 69 for vegetable
tanning extracts, per se, and processes of making the same.
Subclass:
94.33
This subclass is indented under subclass 94.19. Processes of
tanning in which the tanning agent contains an organic
material.
(1) Note. See Note (1) to the definition of subclass 94.18.
Subclass:
101
Processes for bleaching or decolorizing textile filaments,
strands, yarns, or fabrics not elsewhere provided for.
(1) Note. Manipulative processes not restricted in their
applicability to bleaching, although bleaching may appear in
the claims are classified in subclasses 147+.
(2) Note. Bleaching in combination with performing some
other treatment on the material is in subclasses 101+, unless
elsewhere provided for. Bowking of vegetable fibers or the
scouring of other fibers is found in subclasses 101+ and is
not cross referenced to subclass 139, except for specific
novelty in the bowking or scouring step.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 107+ for bleaching by definite named chemicals.
subclasses 137+ for bleaching as a step incidental to a
cleaning or laundering operation.
648 and the notes thereto, for the bluing of textiles and
compositions therefor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
68, Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus, for apparatus for
bleaching textile fibers and fabrics.
132, Toilet, subclass 208 for a method of bleaching live
human hair on the scalp which is more than the mere
application of a composition.
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, for
nonelectrolytic processes of bleaching metal, siliceous and
calcareous bases.
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, particularly subclass
6, 7, 64 to 67, and 70+ for bleaching and chemically
purifying of fibers or fibrous pulps (as distinguished from
continuous filaments or strands, etc.) or undried waterlaid
fibrous webs.
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compostions, subclass 690 for
bleaching of fibrous organic material involving
electrolysis.
252, Compositions, subclass 186.1 and 188.1+ for bleaching
compositions in general and subclasses 189 to 193 for
compositions for neutralizing the acidity or alkalinity of a
previous bleaching or laundering operation. Claims in the
form of a process consisting in the mere application of a
novel composition are not regarded as process for the purpose
of subclasses 101+, but are placed in Class 252.
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclass 62 for a bleaching composition intended for use on
the living body (e.g., living hair).
426, Food, or Edible Material: Processes, Compositions, and
Products.
Subclass:
102
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Inventions
directed to the removal or lightening of the shade or tone of
a previously applied dye without complete removal of
dyestuffs and artificial coloring matters from materials.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
102 for color stripping by discharging.
subclasses 438+ 440, and 646, for extraction and recovery of
dyes.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, subclasses 4+ for
processes of defibering waste paper or textile waste
including the removal of color bodies, e.g., de-inking and
repulping of newsprint.
Subclass:
103
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Processes
wherein the bleaching is accomplished by other than chemical
agents, such as, light, high frequency vibrations or other
wave energy.
(1) Note. The combined use of wave energy and chemical
agents is placed in this subclass and cross referenced below
where there is novelty in the chemical agent.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 107+ for the use of electrical energy in a
chemical bath for the purpose of liberating a chemical
bleaching agent in gaseous or other state.
111 for processes employing ozone.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, subclass 428 for fluent material
containment support or transfer means with or without a
radiation source, subclass 493.1 for radiant energy
generation and radioactive sources, and subclasses 492.1+ for
the irradiation of objects and materials.
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, subclasses 64+
for X-ray irradiation.
Subclass:
107
This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Processes
wherein the bleaching is accomplished by means of definitely
specified chemical agents or combinations of chemical
agents.
Subclass:
108.1
Chlorine:
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Subject matter
wherein chlorine in any state or compound containing active
chlorine are employed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
111 for processes employing chlorates or perchlorates.
Subclass:
109
This subclass is indented under subclass 108.1. Processes in
which sulfur compounds or oxygen or oxygen releasing
compounds are employed in addition to chlorine.
Subclass:
110
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Processes for
bleaching by means of sulfur compounds, such as SO2+,
sulfites, hydrosulfites, sulfoxylates, etc.
Subclass:
111
This subclass is indented under subclass 107. Processes for
bleaching with oxygen or ozone or compounds releasing oxygen
such as peroxides, perborates, per sulfates, and
perchlorates. The use of air as an inert gas rather than as
active bleaching agent is excluded.
Subclass:
112
The treatment of hair, fur and other fibrous materials as a
step preparatory to felting the same so as to improve their
felting properties, often known as carroting in the case of
hair and fur.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
116.1 and 127.5+, for chemical modification generally of
cellulosic and proteinaceous fibers, respectively.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
19, Textiles: Fiber Preparation, subclass 66 for fluid
treatment combined with the textile processes provided for
therein.
26, Textiles: Clothing Finishing, subclass 19 for fulling of
fabrics utilizing a fluid treatment.
28, Textiles: Manufacturing, subclass 123 for felting of
fibers, utilizing a fluid.
68, Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus, for fluid treating
apparatus, in general, applied to textiles.
69, Leather Manufactures, subclass 28 for fur treating
apparatus.
Subclass:
114
Processes for treating textiles with chemicals or special
fluids, e.g., swelling agents, to produce ornamental effects,
such as, for example, patterns, designs or contrasting
areas.
(1) Note. The particular effective agent is cross referenced
to an appropriate subclass below.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
26, Textiles: Cloth Finishing, subclass 16, 30 and 69, for
the production of ornamental effects on cloth by mechanical
operations.
427, Coating Processes, subclasses 256+ for processes of
producing a nonuniform coating which may result in an
ornamental effect.
Subclass:
114.5
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Processes for
fluid or chemical treatment of yarns and fabrics having yarns
or areas of different physical or chemical characteristics,
to produce crepe effects thereon.
(1) Note. This subclass includes the treatment of fabrics or
yarns yarns composed of mixed natural and/or artificial
fibers or which have been differentially treated with
chemical agents or resists, whereby the textile material is
selectively affected by the shrinking or treating agent.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
117 for the production of wool-like or crinkle effects on
unmixed vegetable fibers.
130.1 for swelling or shrinking of artificial fibers to
produce similar effects.
Subclass:
114.6
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Processes which
include the destruction or removal of a portion of the
textile.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
140 for processes of removing impurities from textiles by
destruction thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
28, Textiles: Manufacturing, subclass 164 for processes of
ornamentation by sewing combined with the destruction or
removal of material, and subclass 168 for the combination of
a significantly recited textile operation and the step of
destroying or removing a portion of the textile product.
112, Sewing, subclass 403 for a sewn web or sheet including
a decomposable thread or component.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 668 for a process of etching or dissolving in
general.
Subclass:
115
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Processes
wherein the ornamental effects are produced by applying the
chemical reagent in local areas by means of stencils or other
means to confine the treatment to localized areas.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
114.5 for creping process.
114.6 for processes which include fiber destruction.
478 for similar processes including a coloring step.
Subclass:
115.51
CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF TEXTILES OR FIBERS OR PRODUCTS
THEREOF:
Processes for treating textiles, fibers, fabrics fibrous of
filamentary materials, cloth, gauze, etc., (herein referred
to as "materials") to affect a chemical modification
thereof.
(1) Note. Subclasses 115.51+ includes processes or products
thereof modifying the chemical or physicochemical properties
of "materials", i.e., the "materials" are acted upon by a
chemical or other agent as distinguished from the mere
coating, impregnating, precipitation of a substance within
the "materials" structure which are classified in Class 427.
Excluded from here also are those processes or products
thereof which are concerned with the coating, impregnation of
precipitation by an in situ chemical reaction which does not
chemically involve the substrate "material". Also found here
are those chemical effects on a component normally associated
with a "material", for example, sericin of silk.
(2) Note. The chemical modification of paper is classified
here because of its similarity to other cellulosic
"materials".
(3) Note. In the case of coating or impregnating processes
or products thereof, where doubt exists as to whether or not
a chemical modification has occurred, the process or product
thereof is classified in Class 427 and generally
cross-referenced to this class, subclass 115.51.
(4) Note. The chemical modification of a substance other
than a textile or fiber with subsequent processing to produce
a textile, fiber, web, etc., is not classified here. For
example, the chemical modification of polyvinyl chloride with
subsequent fiber formation with no claimed structure of
characteristics is in Class 525.
(5) Note. The heat treating of "materials", e.g., to produce
carbon fiber precursors, is properly classified here despite
the lack of a chemical agent since the chemical nature of
composition of the "material" was altered.
(6) Note. Patents claiming a product derived from chemically
modified "material" are classified on the basis of the
process for chemically modifying the "material".
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 114+ for processes including chemical
modification of the "material" which produces and ornamental
effect.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, subclass 157.1 which
utilizes fibers (including those chemically modified) in
paper making processes.
252, Compositions, subclass 8.61 for durable finishes for
textile materials, including antistatic and textile softening
compositions, and subclasses 8.81+ for textile processing aid
compositions, such as lubricants.
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, and its daughter classes
appropriate subclasses for the preparation of carbon
compounds employing fibers or other "materials" as a reactant
whether or not its composition is known, in which the fiber
or other material reactant and/or product has no claimed
structure of characteristics.
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, subclass 447.1 in
which the chemical modification results in a "material" of
substantially pure carbon.
427, Coating Processes, for coating processes which do not
modify the chemical or physicochemical properties of textiles
and fibers.
428, Stock Material of Miscellaneous Articles, for a
"material" obtained by a Class 8 process and whose structure
or characteristics meet the required definition for that
class.
510, Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary
Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the
Compositions, subclasses 515+ for nondurable antistatic
compositions used in the course of a laundering operation or
in a finishing step, such as rinsing or drying, accompanying
laundering.
Subclass:
115.52
Using wave energy, electrostatic field or electrical
discharge:
This subclass is indented under subclass 115.51. Subject
matter wherein the chemical modification is affected wholly
or in part due to a wave-type energy, electrostatic field or
a field in which electrical discharging occurs.
(1) Note. This subclass includes processes wherein the
chemical modification occurs solely through the use of the
wave energy, electrostatic field or an electrical discharge.
Also found here are those processes which utilize in
additional chemical reactant. For example, a textile fiber is
treated with an activated monomer which has been previously
activated by ultraviolet radiation, etc.
Subclass:
115.53
Ultraviolet radiation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 115. Subject
matter,52 wherein the radiation used to affect a chemical
change is in the ultraviolet range, that is, generally
180-3,900 angstrom units; far ultraviolet is in the range of
180-2,900 angstrom units while near ultraviolet is in the
range of 2,900-3,900 angstrom units.
Subclass:
115.54
Treating textiles or fibers from synthetic resin or natural
rubber with chemical reactant and products thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 115.51. Subject
matter wherein the "material" is treated with a chemical
agent.
(1) Note. The final product need not contain an atom of the
chemical treating agent employed, for example, processes such
as the oxidation of halogenation of "materials" may have
involved the conversion or removal of may not contain an atom
used in these conversions.
(2) Note. The chemical agent employed in the treating
process may be a mixture, of more than one reactant or
materials which produce an in situ reactant. Classification
of a mixture of reactants is based on that first appearing in
the schedule. Inert ingredients such as solvents, fillers,
substrate support, etc., are not the basis for classification
here.
Subclass:
115.55
Single fiber or filament containing more than one synthetic
organic polymer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 115.54. Subject
matter wherein the fiber or filament that is being chemically
treated is one which has been derived from a blend of two or
more synthetic organic polymers, e.g., a single fiber formed
from a blend of 85 percent polystyrene and 15 percent
polybutadiene, etc.
Subclass:
115.56
Organic chemical reactant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 115.54. Subject
matter wherein the chemical treating agent is an organic
compound.
(1) Note. An organic compound is defined as one which has
carbon therein and which is further characterized by the
presence in a molecule of (a) carbon-to-carbon bond, or (b)
carbon-to-hydrogen or carbon-to-halogen bond, or (c)
carbon-to-nitrogen bond, with proviso that hydrocyanic acid,
cyanogen, isocyanic acid, cyanamide, cyanogen halides,
isothiocyanic acid, and metal carbides are excluded as being
organic compounds.
Subclass:
115.57
Reactant contains heterocycle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 115.56. Subject
matter wherein the chemical reactant contains a heterocyclic
group, elg., ethylene sulfide, etc.
(1) Note. The term heterocyclic denotes the presence off a
covalently bound ring whose members are composed of at least
one carbon atom and one or more atoms of the elements
selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen,
sulfur, selenium, and tellurium.
Subclass:
115.58
Reactant contains nitrogen heterocycle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 115.57. Subject
matter wherein the heterocyclic reactant contains at least
one nitrogen atom in the ring, e.g., axiridine, pyrrole,
etc.
Subclass:
115.59
Contains six-membered nitrogen heterocycle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 115.58. Subject
matter wherein the chemical reactant contains a six-membered
nitrogen heterocyclic ring, e.g., pyridine, piperidine, etc.
Subclass:
115.60
This subclass is indented under subclass 115.5. Processes
which in addition to the chemical modification of the textile
material includes a coating, sizing or lubricating step or
treatment.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
427, Coating Processes, for coating processes, per se.
Subclass:
115.61
Reactant contains oxygen heterocycle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 115.57. Subject
matter wherein the chemical reactant contains an oxygen
heterocyclic ring, e.g., epichlorohydrin, etc.
(1) Note. Reactant such as polyethylene oxide, polypropylene
oxide, etc., are devoid of the oxygen ring and therefore not
classified here. However, the polymer from the diglycidyl
ether of bisphenol A contains residual epoxy groups and would
be classified here.
Subclass:
115.62
Reactant contains nonaromatic carbon-carbon double bond:
Reactant contains nonaromatic carbon-carbon double bond,
e.g., acrylic acid, styrene, butadiene, etc.
(1) Note. The term aromatic denotes a compound which
contains the benzene nucleus whether or not it is condensed
with other rings, e.g., naphthalene, anthracene, etc.
Subclass:
115.63
Reactant containing nonaromatic carbon-carbon double bond
also contains sulfur atom:
This subclass is indented under subclass 115.62. Subject
matter wherein the reactant containing the nonaromatic
carbon-carbon double bond also contains a sulfur atom, e.g.,
divinyl sulfone, p-styrene sulfonic acid, etc.
Subclass:
115.64
Organic reactant contains element other than C, H, O, N, or
S:
This subclass is indented under subclass 115.56. Subject
matter wherein the organic reactant contains an element other
than C, H, O, N or S, e.g., 2-chloroethyl phophite, etc.
Subclass:
115.65
Organic reactant contains nitrogen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 115.56. Subject
matter wherein the organic reactant contains a nitrogen atom,
e.g., ethylene diamine, triethanolamine, etc.
Subclass:
115.66
Organic reactant contains plural nitrogen atoms nonbonded to
each other:
This subclass is indented under subclass 115.65. Subject
matter wherein the organic reactant's plural nitrogen atoms
are nonbonded to each other, e.g., ethylene diamine
tetraacetic acid, urea, etc.
(1) Note. Where a reaction concerns the in situ generation
of a primary reactant, e.g., the conversion of an acyl azide
(R-C(=O)N=N=N) to an isocyanate (R-N=C=O), classification is
based on the primary reactant azide. Where the structure of
either the primary or secondary reactant is doubtful or
indeterminate, classify accordingly.
Subclass:
115.67
Reactant contains isocyanate group:
This subclass is indented under subclass 115.65. Subject
matter wherein the reactant contains an isocyanate,
p-phenylene dilsocyanate, etc.
Subclass:
115.68
Inorganic nongaseous chemical reactant:
This subclass is indented under subclass 115.54. Subject
matter wherein the reactant is an inorganic nongaseous
material, e.g., phophoric acid, sulfuric acid, etc.
(1) Note. A nongaseous material is defined as one which is
normally nongaseous under ambient conditions but not
necessarily be so under conditions in which it is being
reacted with the "material". See (2) Note below. Where doubt
exists as to its state under ambient conditions the material
is classified as being nongaseous.
(2) Note. To be classified as a gaseous material it would
have to come in direct contact with the "material", i.e., the
gas may not be in solution microencapsulated, prepackaged,
etc.
Subclass:
115.69
Oxidizing or alkaline agent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 115.68. Subject
matter wherein the inorganic nongaseous reactant is an
oxidizing or alkaline agent, e.g., sodium hypochlorite,
calcium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, potassium hydroxide,
etc.
(1) Note. Patents which recite the use of organic
precursors, e.g., an N-chlorisocyanurate, etc., for producing
an in situ-generated inorganic oxidizing agents e.g.,
hypochlorous acid, etc., will be classified with in situ
generated inorganic material and cross-referenced to the
organic material.
Subclass:
115.7
This subclass is indented under subclass 115.5. Processes
wherein the textile or fibrous material is made up of fibers
of different chemical constitution.
(1) Note. Natural vegetable fibers and regenerated or
mercerized cellulose are not considered chemically different
for the purpose of this subclass.
Subclass:
116.1
Cellulose fibers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 115.5. Subject
matter wherein cellulose fibers are subjected to a chemical
modification.
(1) Note. Included herein are for instance chemical
modification to increase tensile strength, impart luster,
remove nap, shrinking, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
112 for improving felting properties.
subclasses 129+ for chemically treating a cellulose ester
or ether fiber.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
26, Textiles: Cloth Finishing, subclass 18.5 for mechanical
processes of shrinking.
Subclass:
116.4
This subclass is indented under subclass 116.1. Processes
wherein the cellulose base is chemically modified by an
aldehyde or ketone or substance liberating the same.
(1) Note. Where methylol compounds are employed for coating
purposes and no chemical modification is stated to take place
or apparently does so, the patents are placed in Class 427,
Coating Processes.
Subclass:
117
This subclass is indented under subclass 116.1. Processes for
treating cellulose fibrous material or fabric with agents to
impart the chemical properties of wool thereto or with acid
or alkaline gelatinizing or shrinking agents without tension,
so as to cause the same to curl up and take on the physical
appearance of wool; it usually also affects the chemical
properties of the fabrics so that the same may more or less
have the chemical properties of wool.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
112 for improving felting properties.
Subclass:
118
This subclass is indented under subclass 116.1. Processes and
compositions wherein cellulose fibrous material or paper is
subjected to a treatment with gelatinizing or swelling agent,
such as ZnC1[subscrpt]2[end subscrpt], H[subscrpt]2 [end
subscrpt]SO[subscrpt]4[end subscrpt], etc., to impart a
parchment-like, linen, transparent or translucent finish
thereto. This may result in an increased resistance to water
or grease and the like. The fabric generally becomes stiff or
transparent. However, softening agents may be included as
part of the process. The material may be previously or
subsequently mercerized by means of alkali metal hydroxides
or the like. So-called "organdie" effects and the delustering
or relustering of these materials by a gelatinization process
is included herein. The selvaging of the edges of a fabric to
prevent raveling, by the process herein defined, is also
included.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 125+ for mercerizing or alkaline treatment.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 76 for fabric parchmentizing and laminating.
427, Coating Processes, appropriate sub- classes for
processes of coating fabrics in general.
Subclass:
119
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Inventions
wherein paper is the base treated.
Subclass:
120
This subclass is indented under subclass 116.1. Processes for
the treat- ment of cellulose fibers and fabrics so as to form
chemical derivatives thereof, such as ethers, esters, etc.,
without entirely destroying the structure of the fibers. The
materials so treated generally lose the dyeing
characteristics and affinity for the usual cotton dyes and
may take on an affinity for dyes usually employed for animal
fibers and cellulose ethers or esters.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
117 for the production of wool-like or crinkle effects.
subclasses 181+ for immunizing with nitrogenous organic
compounds.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
536, Organic Compounds, subclasses 32+, 43+, 58+, and 84+ for
the complete dissolution of cellulosic material and its
regeneration.
Subclass:
121
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Processes
wherein the treatment is by means of an acetylating agent.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
536, Organic Compounds, subclasses 69+ for the acetylation
of cellulose.
Subclass:
122
This subclass is indented under subclass 120. Processes
wherein the treatment is by means of agents capable of
forming xanthates such as carbon disulfide and alkali.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
121 for the acetylation of xanthogenated fibers.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
536, Organic Compounds, subclasses 60+ for cellulose
xanthates.
Subclass:
123
This subclass is indented under subclass 116.1. Processes for
the treatment of cellulose fibers or fabrics by means of a
cuprammonium solution which incompletely dissolves the
surface of the cellulosic fibers and may be reprecipitated or
regenerated thereon; which solution may also contain added
cellulose therein.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, subclass 167.01 for
cuprammonium cellulose.
Subclass:
125
This subclass is indented under subclass 116.1. Processes and
compositions for the mercerization or alkaline treatment of
threads or fabrics with or without stretching usually by
means of caustic lye.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
115 for the production of local effects by a mercerizing
treatment.
subclasses 147+ for manipulative processes.
537 for combined mercerizing and dyeing.
Subclass:
127
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Inventions
wherein the textile material is pretreated with an agent to
increase the wetting or penetrating capacity of the
mercerizing or alkaline liquor, or such an agent is added to
the mercerizing or alkaline bath.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, subclasses 198+ for wetting agents (e.g.,
spreading, penetrating, leveling) or making such agents, when
generically claimed or when there is no hierarchically
superior provision in the USPC for the specifically claimed
art.
Subclass:
127.1
Treatment with phosphorus containing material:
This subclass is indented under subclass 116.1. Subject
matter wherein a phosphorus containing material is utilized.
Subclass:
127.5
This subclass is indented under subclass 115.5. Subject
matter wherein the textiles or fibers are proteinaceous, that
is the basic chemical structure consists of protein
molecules, such as, for example, wool, silk, hair and
artificial fibers spun from soya bean, casein, zein or
gelatine solutions.
(1) Note. This subclass includes chemical shrinking and
delustering by chemical modification.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
94.1 for the treatment of animal fibers still attached to
the skin, e.g., fur, and for the treatment of internal
tissues except when such tissues have been converted into
textile form, in which case the chemically modifying
treatments thereof are placed in this or the indented
subclass.
Subclass:
127.51
This subclass is indented under subclass 127.5. Subject
matter wherein the proteinaceous fiber is hair which has been
removed from the animal skin.
(1) Note. This subclass includes a method of waving hair
detached from the body, by a treatment involving a chemical
reaction with the hair, e.g., waving wigs, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
128.1 for a similar process or composition applied to
natural wool.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
132, Toilet, subclasses 203+ for a method of waving living
human hair, which is more than the mere application of a
class 424 composition.
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclass 70.2 for a composition to be applied to living
human hair and process of use which is no more than mere
application of the composition. See the definitions of Class
424, II, C, Class 8, note (2) for a discussion of what
constitutes a disclosure of living hair.
Subclass:
127.6
This subclass is indented under subclass 127.5. Subject
matter wherein the proteinaceous fibers are chemically
modified with an aldehyde derivative, ketone or nitrogenous
organic compound.
(1) Note. Included within the term aldehyde derivative are
compounds which liberate and aldehyde under reaction
conditions, e.g., paraformaldehyde, trioxane, hexamethylene
tetramine, etc.
Subclass:
128.1
Natural wool or silk:
Subject matter under search class 127.5 wherein wool or silk
fibers, felts, or fabrics thereof, are subjected to a
chemical modification.
(1) Note. Included within the term wool are alpaca and
mohair.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
94.14 for the chemical treatment of fur which remains
attached to the hide or skin.
112 for improving felting properties.
443 for the weighting of animal fibers and their after
treatment, i.e, to protect or preserve such weighted material
from the effects of the weighting metal.
Subclass:
128.3
Chemical modification in the presence of a sulfur or silicone
containing material:
Subject matter under search class 128.1 wherein the chemical
modification is performed in the presence of a sulfur or
silicone containing material.
(1) Note. The sulfur or silicone containing material need
not react with the substrate material. It is sufficient for
this subclass that the material be merely present during the
chemical modification, e.g., catalyst, diluent, etc.
Subclass:
129
This subclass is indented under subclass 115.5. Inventions
for the chemical modification of cellulose esters and ethers,
such as, for example, to deluster, luster or reluster or
protect against delustering, to obtain crinkled or wooly
effects, to reduce the tendency to fault, and improve the
scroop.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
443 for weighting of these materials.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
427, Coating Processes, subclass 170 for process of
delustering fabric or yarn by a coating process.
Subclass:
130
This subclass is indented under subclass 129. Inventions for
the treatment of materials above defined by means of agents
adapted to saponify the material wholly or partially so as to
alter its properties, for instance, with respect to dyeing or
melting under hot ironing.
(1) Note. Saponification incidental to some other operation
is classified with that treatment and cross referenced here
as to any novelty in the saponification step.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 114+ for saponification as a step in the
production of ornamental effects.
536 for saponification in connection with dyeing.
Subclass:
130.1
Processes wherein artificial fibers or filaments are treated
with solvent swelling or plasticizing agent which is stated
or known to exert a swelling or plasticizing effect on such
materials.
(1) Note. By "plasticizing" or "swelling" is meant a
physical modification of the gel structure or body of the
filament as distinguished from superficial softening or mere
surface lubrication, for facilitating textile operation or
improving the handle or feel. Such surface treatments are
classified in appropriate subclasses of Class 427. The burden
of proof to show that swelling or plasticizing does take
place rests with Class 427.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
433 for swelling of an artificial fiber in connection with
dyeing of the fiber.
Subclass:
131
This subclass is indented under subclass 130.1. Processes
wherein the fibers or filaments are esters or ethers of
cellulose. The treatment may be for the purpose of effecting
or protecting the luster to produce a soft wooly feel, reduce
the tendency to laddering, prevent faults, or for softening
generally.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
130 for swelling in connection with saponifying.
443 for swelling in connection with weighting.
Subclass:
132
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Processes which
include a stretching step.
Subclass:
133
Inventions directed to the use of inhibitors in a treatment
bath of the type employed in the processes classifiable in
class 8, to prevent destruction or deterioration of the
textile fibers or fabrics due to the acidity or alkalinity of
the bath.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 101+ for the use of souring agents after
bleaching.
115.7 and 125, to complete this search.
137 for the use of souring agents in connection with
laundering.
443 for the treatment of textile after weighting to prevent
deterioration caused by the agent applied.
480 for addition of agents to a dye bath to prevent
coloration of one component of a mixed textile.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
252, Compositions, subclass 193 for souring agents.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, for a
cross-reference art collection of products resistant to plant
or animal attack.
Subclass:
137
Processes for cleaning and laundering textile fabrics and
fibers, including a fluid or chemical treatment. Includes
also combinations and after treatments incidental to such
operations not elsewhere classifiable.
(1) Note. Because of the similarity to treatment of textile
fibers and fabrics, methods for washing and cleaning of furs,
skins and leather are included in subclasses 137+ and in
subclasses 147+ when the treatment is merely manipulative in
nature.
(2) Note. Included herein are processes wherein fabric
conditioners, e.g., softeners, etc., have been added to the
laundering fluids.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
100, Presses, subclass 102 for presses combined with other
features.
134, Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, for processes
of cleaning textiles and fibers not involving chemical or
fluid treatment and including the mechanical cleaning of
textiles and fibers and cleaning by a gas blast or suction
(which is not considered a fluid treatment for Class 8).
510, Cleaning Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary
Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the
Compositions, subclasses 276+ for compositions, including
laundry detergents, for cleaning textile materials, and
subclasses 513 and 515 through 529 for auxiliary
compositions, such as rinse-added fabric softeners, used in
conjunction with a laundering process.
Subclass:
137.5
This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Processes
directed to the cleaning or purification of artificial fibers
to remove impurities resulting from or incidental to the
extrusion or shaping operation, such as, for example, carbon
bisulphide or sulfur from viscose yarn.
(1) Note. The subclass includes, for example, combined
processes of forming and purifying extruded fibers where the
spinning operation is not significantly claimed.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 151+ and 155+, for manipulative processes
wherein the purification step is only broadly stated.
Subclass:
138
This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Inventions for
the removal of natural sericin or other naturally occurring
gum or wax, or an artificially applied size or gum from
textile fibers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
930 for degumming in connection with dyeing.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
19, Textiles: Fiber Preparation, for the mechanical removal
of silk from cocoons.
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, particularly subclass
2 for the freeing of silk from their cocoons.
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, subclass
263 for degumming or desizing by means of enzymes.
Subclass:
139
This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Inventions
directed to the removal of impurities such as, grease, wax,
dirt, etc., from wool, hide, skin, leather or cotton,
preparatory to bleaching, dyeing or other textile operations
by scouring as with solvents, soaps, detergents or boiling in
alkaline liquors.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
141 for waste reclaiming and conditioning.
Subclass:
139.1
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Processes
wherein an organic liquid is employed to dissolve the fatty
impurities.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
554, Organic Compounds, subclasses 175+ for processes
directed to the recovery and further treatment of naturally
occurring fatty material.
Subclass:
140
This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Inventions for
the separation of a mixed impurity or textile fiber by the
destruction of one of the constituents thereof, such as, by
heat, acids, or solvents.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
114.6 and the notes thereto, for the production of
ornamental effects such as lace or the like by dissolution or
destruction of parts of a composite fabric.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
68, Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus, subclass 2 for
carbonizing apparatus.
Subclass:
141
This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Processes for
cleaning and conditioning used journal box lubricating waste
and which may include reimpregnation with pure lubricating
oil as well as cleaning the used waste.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
68, Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus, subclass 1 for waste
reclaiming apparatus.
Subclass:
142
This subclass is indented under subclass 137. Processes for
cleaning by the application of organic solvents without the
use of substantial quantities of water.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 139+ for the use of organic solvents in
conjunction with scouring and degreasing, of wool, cotton,
hides, skins and leather.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
95, Gas Separation: Processes, appropriate subclasses, for
recovery of volatile solvents from air containing same in the
gaseous state.
Subclass:
147
Manipulative processes for the treatment of textile fibers or
fabrics, hides, skins, and leather with fluids.
(1) Note. Patents are placed in subclasses 147+ when a
manipulative fluid treatment of general applicability to
processes provided for in Class 8 is involved, even though
limited by claim terminology to dyeing, bleaching, tanning,
or the like. Patents which, because of limited
applicability, are classified above are cross referenced to
subclasses 147+, for manipulative processes disclosed or
claimed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
68, Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus, for apparatus,
generally, for carrying out the processes provided for in
subclasses 147+.
425, Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, subclasses 67+ for apparatus comprising a
spinning nozzle discharging directly into a liquid bath or
shower means, subclass 71 for apparatus comprising means
advancing continuous length work through a downstream liquid
bath or shower means, and subclass 72.1 for the combination
of a spinning nozzle and downstream gaseous treating means.
Subclass:
148
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Processes
wherein a portion of the fiber, thread or fabric is protected
from contact with the treating liquid by being confined
between clamping or compressing members.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
149 for the production of spot or intermittent effects by
limiting the extent of the immersion or application of the
treating liquid.
subclasses 446+ for reserve areas produced by coating or
impregnating a mass to be dyed with substances preventing
coloration.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
68, Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus, subclass 211, for
clamps for restricting part of the material from dyeing or
other treatment.
Subclass:
149
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Methods for
liquid treatment of textiles, particularly in the form of
skeins, cops, bobbins or other wound packages, or threads or
yarns in transit, in a manner so that only a part of the
material is treated. This may be accomplished by injection
of the treating liquid into selected areas of the package, by
dipping selective parts thereof in the bath, or by
intermittently applying the liquid to selected length of the
yarn for treatment.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
148 for the treatment of selected areas utilizing confining
or clamping means.
subclasses 446+ for reserve or resist dyeing.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
68, Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus, subclass 201 and
203, for apparatus for introducing or injecting liquid.
Subclass:
149.1
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Processes
wherein both a gas (or vapor) and a liquid are employed as
treating agents.
(1) Note. This subclass does not include those processes
wherein the gas or vapor employed is merely a source of
agitation or processes which employ heated gases solely for
drying purposes.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
68, Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus, subclasses 5-8, 183
and 207 for apparatus for carrying out these processes.
Subclass:
149.2
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Processes
wherein a gaseous or vaporous treating agent is employed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
26, Textiles: Cloth Finishing, subclass 18.5 for shrinking
of textile fabrics by working to compact the same.
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, for drying
with gases.
223, Apparel Apparatus, subclass 51 for treatment of
apparel.
Subclass:
149.3
This subclass is indented under subclass 149.2. Processes in
which one of the gases or vapors is steam.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
34, Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, particularly
subclass 517, for the treatment of textiles with steam for
drying or humidifying.
Subclass:
150
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Processes for
treating textile fibers or fabrics in which the particular
form in which the textile material is presented or prepared
for presentation to the treating fluid is significant in the
process. Subcombinations for forming textile materials into
special forms for presentation, and not elsewhere provided
for, are also included.
Subclass:
150.5
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Processes for
treating hides, skins, or leather which are distinguished
solely by the manner in which the hide or skin is handled or
brought into contact with the treating fluid.
(1) Note. Processes of treating the hide or skin with a
specific material or reagent are classified upon the basis of
the particular treatment and cross referenced to this
subclass, if desired, for any manipulative steps disclosed or
claimed. See particularly this class, subclasses 94.1+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
94.1 see Note (1).
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
69, Leather Manufactures, subclasses 29+ for apparatus for
treating hides or skins with a fluid.
Subclass:
151
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Processes in
which the textile material is in the form of a more or less
continuous longitudinally moving mass such as warps, open
width fabrics, or ropes.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
68, Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus, particularly
subclasses 176-180 and 202+ for apparatus used in carrying
out these processes.
Subclass:
151.1
This subclass is indented under subclass 151. Processes in
which the textile material is passed through a substantially
helical (or spiral) path during fluid treatment.
Subclass:
151.2
This subclass is indented under subclass 151. Processes in
which the material treated is in the form of yarns.
Subclass:
152
This subclass is indented under subclass 151. Processes in
which the material therein specified is fed, for instance, by
pleating, plaiting or folding, into a treating receptacle.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
68, Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus, particularly subclass
177 and 178 for apparatus for carrying out these processes.
Subclass:
154
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Processes
applied to yarns and fabrics which have been wound on a
cylinder or other holder or which are in the form of skeins,
spinning cakes or cheeses.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
68, Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus, subclass 7, 8, 150,
189, 198, and 201 for apparatus for carrying out these
processes.
Subclass:
155
This subclass is indented under subclass 154. Processes
wherein the material treated is in the form of yarns or
filaments as distinguished from formed fabrics.
Subclass:
155.1
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Processes in
which the treating fluid is forcibly injected into or drawn
through the material as by means of internally located
apertures in the support on which the yarn package is mounted
or placed.
Subclass:
155.2
This subclass is indented under subclass 155. Processes in
which the yarn is in the form of a skein or in the form of a
cake or cheese.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
155.1 for processes wherein the material is subjected to
radial flow.
Subclass:
156
This subclass is indented under subclass 150. Processes for
the treatment of pulp or fibers in bulk form.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
141 for waste reclaiming and conditioning.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
162, Paper Making and Fiber Liberation, appropriate
subclasses for processes of chemically liberating fiber
involving manipulation of pulp or fibers in bulk form.
Subclass:
157
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Processes for
the treatment of textile materials in the form of skeins,
ropes, warps or webs packed into a gas-tight vessel, but
permitting percolation of liquid throughout the stationary
packed material, under pressure, generally at high
temperature, or by steam injection.
Subclass:
158
This subclass is indented under subclass 147. Processes in
which the manipulation of the fluid is involved, i.e., its
preparation, particular mode of circulation, purification or
special mode of application.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
142 for circulation and preparation for re-use of a dry
cleaning solvent.
Subclass:
159
This subclass is indented under subclass 158. Processes for
the treatment of textile fibers or fabrics wherein both the
material treated as a bulk mass and the treating fluid are
stirred by a single or plural means.
(1) Note. Processes involving the use of the usual washing
machines are found herein.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
68, Textiles: Fluid Treating Apparatus, for apparatus for
this purpose.
Subclass:
160
This subclass is indented under subclass 94.16. Processes for
removal of hair, fur or feathers from a hide or skin by
applying an adhesive which adheres to the hair, etc., and
then removing the adhesive along with the hair, fur or
feathers, and adhesive compositions for use in such
processes.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, for an adhesive
composition generally having no depilatory function.
520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, subclass 1 and
indented classes thereunder for an adhesive composition
containing a synthetic resin provided for therein.
Subclass:
161
This subclass is indented under subclass 94.16. Processes and
compositions not provided for above for removing hair, etc.,
from a living animal body.
(1) Note. To be placed in this subclass, a patent must
either disclose or claim that the hair is being removed from
the living body (e.g., living hair), or have other disclosure
which indicates an intent to use the composition or process
to remove hair from a living body (e.g., does not injure or
irritate the skin from which the hair is removed).
Subclass:
181
This subclass is indented under subclass 116. Processes
wherein the cellulose textiles or fibers are chemically
modified by a nitrogen-containing organic compound.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
127 and 133, for treatments involving the use of nitrogenous
organic compounds as assistants.
Subclass:
182
This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Processes
wherein the cellulose textiles or fibers are chemically
modified with a condensation product of an organic
nitrogenous compound and an aldehyde or ketone or wherein, in
addition to the chemical modification of the cellulose
textiles or fibers by the nitrogen-containing organic
compound, there is a previous, simultaneous or sucessive
treatment with an aldehyde or ketone which can form a
nitrogenous- aldehydo- or keto-condensate in situ with the
nitrogen-containing organic compound.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
116.4 for processes of chemically modifying cellulose
textiles or fibers with an aldehyde or ketone, per se.
Subclass:
183
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Processes
wherein the aminoplast condensate is a reaction product of a
heterocyclic compound consisting of three carbon atoms and
three nitrogen atoms with an aldehyde.
Subclass:
184
This subclass is indented under subclass 182. Processes
wherein the aminoplast condensate is a reaction product of an
amide and an aldehyde.
Subclass:
185
This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Processes
wherein the amide is urea, H2 N. CO. NH2, or thiourea, H2 N.
CS. NH2.
Subclass:
186
This subclass is indented under subclass 185. Processes
wherein the urea or thiourea is substituted by an alkyl or
alkylene radical.
Subclass:
187
This subclass is indented under subclass 184. Processes
wherein the amide contains the divalent - NH.COO - radical.
Subclass:
188
This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Processes
wherein the nitrogen-containing organic compound contains a
pentavalent nitrogen atom bonded by 4 covalent bonds to
carbon atoms.
Subclass:
189
This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Processes
wherein the nitrogen-containing organic compound is
heterocyclic, i.e., said compound consists of one or more
carbon atoms covalently bonded in a closed ring with at least
one atom of nitrogen.
(1) Note. The heterocyclic ring may include oxygen, sulfur,
selenium or tellurium as other hetero atoms.
(2) Note. Nonnitrogenous heterocyclic compounds are not
included herein but are classified elsewhere according to the
organic nitrogen-containing moiety.
Subclass:
190
This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Processes
wherein the heterocyclic ring consists of three carbon atoms
and three nitrogen atoms.
Subclass:
191
This subclass is indented under subclass 189. Processes
wherein the heterocyclic ring consists of 2 carbon atoms and
one nitrogen atom.
Subclass:
192
This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Procecces
wherein the nitrogen-containing organic compound contains +
-a - C=N, -NC (also written as -N=C), -NCS or -CNS grouping.
Subclass:
193
This subclass is indented under subclass 192. Processes
wherein the cyano-, isocyano-, etc compound also contains a -
CH: CH2 grouping.
Subclass:
194
This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Processes
wherein the nitrogen-containing organic compound is a
compound which is identical in constitution with one formed
by replacing the hydroxyl group of an inorganic oxyacid by an
amino radical or the hydroxyl of a carboxyl or organic
sulfoxy acid group by NH2 or the H- substituted forms
thereof.
Subclass:
195
This subclass is indented under subclass 194. Processes
wherein the amide contains the grouping, shown below, where
X=O or S. [figure]
Subclass:
196
This subclass is indented under subclass 181. Processes where
in the nitrogen-containing organic compound is identical in
constitution with the derivatives of ammonia (NH3) wherein
the N thereof is bonded to at least one carbon of an organic
radical.
Subclass:
400
MEASURING, TESTING, OR INSPECTING DYE PROCESS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Dyeing
processes including the step of sampling, visually, audibly
or chemically testing or inspecting, or otherwise physically
or mechanically determining some variable condition of the
process, dye composition, substrate, or product.
(1) Note. Included herein are processes for determining
imperfections or for determining completeness of a reaction
or manipulation as well as determinations of undesired
variations which will activate correction mechanisms.
Recitations of optimum or desired temperatures or pressures
or proportions of ingredients are considered nominal only and
are classified with the disclosed process on some other
basics.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
73, Measuring and Testing, appropriate subclasses for
testing, per se.
436, Chemistry: Analytical and Immunological Testing,
subclasses 1-183 for processes of chemical testing.
Subclass:
401
USING ENZYMES, DYE PROCESS, COMPOSITION, OR PRODUCT OF
DYEING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter using enzymes in dyeing.
(1) Note. Included herein is use of oxidases to facilitate
oxidation dyeing with an aniline-type dye.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
435, Chemistry: Molecular Biology and Microbiology, for an
enzyme composition.
Subclass:
402
WOOD DYEING PROCESS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process
for dyeing wood.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
47, Plant Husbandry, subclass 57.5 for coloring growing
timber by injecting of coloring agent into living plants.
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, subclass 34 for
staining compositions which include as a coloring agent a
material not of the dye type.
Subclass:
403
FUGITIVE DYE COMPOSITION, PROCESS OR PRODUCT:
Method or composition for dyeing with an easily removable dye
or product thereof.
(1) Note. The coloring is usually for the purpose of
identifying a fiber during manufacture, weaving, etc., and is
removed before final finish operation.
(2) Note. The composition employed may also include an
ingredient for simultaneously lubricating or sizing the
fiber.
Subclass:
404
DYEING INVOLVING ANIMAL-DERIVED NATURAL FIBER MATERIAL (OTHER
THAN SOLELY WOOL OR SILK), E.G., LEATHER, FUR, HAIR,
FEATHERS, ETC., COMPOSITION, PROCESS, OR PRODUCT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes or compositions for dyeing of natural fibers
derived from animals, except wool or silk or the product of
such a dyeing process.
(1) Note. This subclass includes dyeing of hair, fur, or
leather, and includes dyeing on a living animal.
(2) Note. Dyeing protein fibers obtained by dissolving
animal tissue and then spinning or molding into a fiber are
not classified herein and are classified into this class
according to the manipulative method, dye assistant, or dye
used thereon.
(3) Note. Wool is the short curly hair from an animal skin
commonly woven into a fabric and is not classified here but
is classified by the manipulative method, dye, or assistant
used.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
69, Leather Manufactures, subclass 28 for apparatus for
dyeing fur.
132, Toilet, subclass 208 for processes containing
hair-setting steps classifiable, per se, in Class 132
combined with dyeing.
252, Compositions, subclass 186.1 for oxidative bleachants
of general utility.
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
subclass 62 for bleach composition intended to be used on
living hair and processes of bleaching which are no more than
the mere application of the composition; and subclass 70.1
for processes of dyeing hair and protecting live skin from
the effects of the dyeing process or dye composition.
Subclass:
405
Hair dyeing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 404. Subject matter
for dyeing hair.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
appropriate subclasses for dyeing of living hair
nontopically.
Subclass:
406
Oxidation dye:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Subject matter
utilizing dyes formed by oxidizing organic compounds.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for a definition of oxidation
dye.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
649 for similar processes and compositions applied to
textile material, etc.
Subclass:
407
With dye other than oxidation dye:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406. Subject matter
for dyeing with an oxidation dye and another dye which is not
an oxidation dye.
Subclass:
408
Plural dyes or dye and coupling agent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406. Subject matter
wherein more than one oxidation dye is used; or wherein an
oxidation dye is used together with a coupling agent.
(1) Note. The coupling agents are generally phenols.
(2) Note. The reaction product of an aniline oxidation dye
and a coupler may be an indoaniline, an indamine, or an
idophenol. See subclasses 416 and 421 respectively, for these
products.
Subclass:
409
Heterocyclic amine dye:
This subclass is indented under subclass 408. Subject matter
wherein an aminated heterocyclic dye is used.
Subclass:
410
Paradiaminobenzene dye:
This subclass is indented under subclass 408. Subject matter
wherein at least one paradiaminobenzene-type dye is used.
(1) Note. Included herein are paradiaminobenzene substituted
compounds.
Subclass:
411
With metadiaminobenzene dye:
This subclass is indented under subclass 410. Subject matter
wherein a metadiaminobenzene dye is used together with a
paradiaminobenzene dye.
Subclass:
412
With aminophenol dye:
This subclass is indented under subclass 410. Subject matter
wherein the mixture includes an aminophenol and a
paradiaminobenzene.
Subclass:
414
Nitroaniline dye:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406. Subject matter
wherein a nitroaniline dye is used.
Subclass:
415
Nitrophenylenediamine dye:
This subclass is indented under subclass 414. Subject matter
wherein a nitrophenylenediamine dye is used.
Subclass:
416
Aryldiamine dye:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406. Subject matter
wherein an aryldiamine dye is used.
(1) Note. Included herein are, e.g., N-phenyl diaminobenzene
(indoaniline), indamine, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
410 for in situ synthesis of indoanilines and for in situ
synthesis of indamine by the oxidation of a mixture of
p-phenylene diamine and aniline.
Subclass:
421
Aminophenol dye:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406. Subject matter
wherein an aminophenol dye is used, e.g., indophenol, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
410 for the in situ synthesis of indophenol.
Subclass:
423
Aminoheterocyclic dye:
This subclass is indented under subclass 406. Subject matter
wherein an aminoheterocyclic dye is used.
Subclass:
424
Phenols (natural oxidation dye):
This subclass is indented under subclass 406. Subject matter
wherein a phenolic dye is used.
(1) Note. Natural oxidation dyes such as hematin (phenodin),
pyrogallol (1, 2, 3 - trihydroxybenzene), etc., are
included.
Subclass:
425
Mordant, solvent dye formation or metallized azo dye:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Subject matter
using a metallic or polymeric mordant; solvent dye formation
or a metallized dye on hair.
(1) Note. See the glossary for the definition of mordant and
solvent dye.
Subclass:
426
Basic dye, including diphenylmethane, tri- phenylmethane,
xanthene, flourene, methine, acridine, oxazine, phenazine,
flavylium, naphthoperinone, quinophthalone, quaternary
ammonium group, etc., containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Subject matter
wherein a basic or cationic dye is used.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for a definition of basic dye.
Subclass:
428
Dye reactive with hair:
This subclass is indented under subclass 403. Subject matter
wherein a dye reactive with hair is used.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for the definition of reactive
dye.
Subclass:
429
Developed on the hair:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Subject matter
wherein a dye is developed on the hair.
(1) Note. This subclass includes an azo coupling reaction on
the fiber and vat dye development, e.g., phthalocyanine dye
development, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
406 for developing a dye on the hair using an oxidation or
nitroaniline-type dye.
Subclass:
431
With fluid treatment, e.g., bleaching with dyeing, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Subject matter
wherein dyeing is combined with a fluid treatment of hair,
e.g., bleaching and dyeing, etc.
(1) Note. To be proper herein the fluid must be more than a
mere solvent assist. See in particular subclass 435 for
dyeing utilizing a solvent which merely aids the dye in
dyeing.
(2) Note. Mere knowledge or inherency of swelling or -S-S-
bond disruption without an express recitation, except for
ureas and thioglycolates, is not sufficient to put in
subclass 432 or 433 and is in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
424, Drug, Bio-Affecting and Body Treating Compositions,
appropriate subclass for a fluid treatment that affects live
skin of an animal or human; and subclasses 62+ for the
combination of bleaching and dyeing of hair on living
animals.
Subclass:
432
-S-S- bond disruption, e.g., use of thioglycolates, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 431. Subject matter
involving disulfide bond disruption of hair.
(1) Note. Express recitation of a -S-S- bond disruption in a
hair dye bath will place the case in this subclass. Use of
thioglycolates as dye assistants on fur or hair will be
sufficient to place a document into this subclass.
Subclass:
433
Swelling of hair:
This subclass is indented under subclass 431. Subject matter
involving swelling of the hair.
(1) Note. -S-S- bond disruptors swell hair but go in
subclass 432 above.
(2) Note. Normally alkali or LiBr will swell hair. The
latter is known as a lyotropic agent.
(3) Note. A urea or thiourea-type material is often used.
Subclass:
435
Solvent assisted dyeing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Subject matter
wherein an organic solvent is used to assist the dyeing of
hair.
Subclass:
436
Leather dyeing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 404. Subject matter
for dyeing leather.
(1) Note. Included herein are hides of animals as well as
skins of reptiles.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, particularly
subclasses 3+ for a leather coating and polishing
composition.
Subclass:
437
Azo dye:
This subclass is indented under subclass 436. Subject matter
using azo dyes (including metal azo) either directly or by
developing on the material.
Subclass:
438
DYEING PROCESS OF EXTRACTING OR PURIFYING OF NATURAL DYE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes directed to the extraction of coloring matter from
natural materials or subsequent treatment to purify the same
so as to put it in a form suitable for use as a dye.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
645 for inorganic dye composition.
646 for natural dyes and processes of dyeing therewith.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
23, Chemistry: Physical Processes, subclasses 293+ for
physical processes included therein for the treatment of
inorganic compounds and nonmetallic elements.
260, Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for the extraction and
purification of carbon compounds classifiable therein.
423, Chemistry of Inorganic Compounds, appropriate subclasses
for processes and purification of inorganic compounds and
nonmetallic elements by chemical reaction and for processes
of extracting, leaching, or dissolving inorganic compounds
and nonmetallic elements.
Subclass:
439
Logwood:
This subclass is indented under subclass 438. Subject matter
containing logwood type dyes.
(1) Note. Included herein is the aqueous extraction of
heartwood, i.e., of hematoxyon campechium and oxidation in
air to yield hematein.
Subclass:
440
DYE RECOVERY PROCESS, OTHER THAN NOMINAL RECOVERY:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes involving a significant dye recovery process.
(1) Note. Included herein are processes wherein a dye is
recovered from a dyed material, e.g., by extraction,
absorption, etc., to be reused. Also included herein is the
recovery of the dye from a dye bath.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
502 for mere recycling or replenishment of the dye in a dye
bath.
Subclass:
441
PROCESS OF COLOR RENOVATING A DYED PRODUCT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes involving treating of worn or faded dyed materials
so as to revive the original color or to redye the same in
another color.
(1) Note. Included herein is the dyeing of rugs, tapestries,
and furniture covering while in place.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
525 for dye soaps.
Subclass:
442
COLOR PROTECTING PROCESS FOR DYED PRODUCT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter relating to the employment of agents for the
protection of dyed materials against stripping or removal of
the color e.g., bleaching, scouring, or bowking of the dyed
textile, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
490 for the combination of dyeing and preserving the
substrate of fiber.
Subclass:
443
WEIGHTING PROCESS (LOADING SILK WITH METAL SALTS):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes for weighting a textile.
(1) Note. Weighting agents are normally antimony or heavy
metal salts to add weight to silk.
(2) Note. The amount of metallic compound for weighting silk
differs from the amount used for mordanting. Combined
weighting and mordanting is herein.
(3) Note. Herein the weighting materials may be treated to
overcome or inhibit the destructive effect of acids or other
substances that might develop on decomposition of the
incorporated weighting materials.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 618+ for compositions for weighting.
Subclass:
444
PROCESS UTILIZING ELECTRIC, MAGNETIC, OR WAVE ENERGY:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes involving the use of electric, magnetic, or wave
energy.
(1) Note. Included herein but not limited to the examples
enumerated is the use of electric, magnetic, or wave energy
in preparing a dye or mordant composition, or in using dye or
treating a dyed product.
(2) Note. The wave energy applied to the material may be
light, emanations of radioactive material, infrared rays, ion
bombardment, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, subclasses 428+ for fluent material
containment, support of transfer means with or without a
radiation source; subclass 493.1 for radiant energy
generation and sources; and subclasses 492.1+ for the
irradiation of objects and material.
378, X-Ray or Gamma Ray Systems or Devices, subclasses 64+
for X-ray irradiation.
427, Coating Processes, subclasses 457+ for coating
processes employing radiant or wave energy.
Subclass:
445
PROCESS OF PRINTING PERMANENTLY ON SUBSTRATE, OTHER THAN
NOMINAL PRINTING, USING PRINT PASTE CONTAINING DISCHARGE
MATERIAL, RESIST MATERIAL, OR DYE MATERIAL; OR STENCIL
DYEING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes involving the application of dyes on localized
areas of a substrate by impression with a thickened dye paste
or through openings or previous portions of a pattern sheet
(stencil).
(1) Note. This and indented subclasses also include methods
for the production of patterns by the application of
substances to prevent coloration in local areas of the
material or for discharging the color in a previously dyed
ground, as well as chemical modification of local areas of
the substrate so as to enhance or prevent dyeing in such
areas.
(2) Note. The recitation of screen printing, resist,
reserve, or discharge or detailed manipulative steps directly
related to the printing are considered to be more than mere
printing and as such are proper for this area.
(3) Note. Excluded from this subclass as being considered
nominal are methods reciting conventional printing steps,
e.g., steaming, washing or soaping, drying, fixing, etc.
(4) Note. For purposes of this subclass resist and reserve
have been used interchangeably.
(5) Note. The distinction between Class 106, subclass 31.27
and this area is that the coloration in this class is
produced by imbibition and absorption by or combination with
material. Class 106 usually involves an insoluble pigment
suspended in an oleaginous vehicle, while this class usually
involves a soluble dye in an aqueous paste. Generally, the
prints of this class must be developed by steaming or
chemical treatment, while in Class 106, simple drying is the
more usual manner. Processes employing the compositions, of
Class 106 are found in Class 427, Coating Processes.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, subclass 31.27 for a
printing ink.
Subclass:
446
Resist or reserve:
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Processes for
the production of patterns in a substrate by preventing
coloration in local areas.
(1) Note. The resist composition may also include coloring
matter for illuminating the parts of the pattern by coloring
the same differently from the ground color.
(2) Note. The prevention of coloration may be accomplished
by mechanical masks such as resinous or waxy materials; by
chemical means preventing the formation or development of the
color in local areas; or by modifying the characteristics of
selected areas of the material, so that it does not have the
same tinctorial properties as the untreated parts of the
material, as by mercerizing, immunizing, etc. The treated
areas may have their affinity for certain types of dyes
decreased but their receptivity for other types enhanced, as
in the case of immunized or saponified areas, or by the
application of so-called mordant-resists.
(3) Note. Silk screen printing is considered resist
printing.
(4) Note. In the subclasses hereunder classification is only
on the dye resisted.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
481 for effects obtained by treating only certain threads
prior to weaving, spinning, or twisting, etc.
Subclass:
447
Wax:
This subclass is indented under subclass 446. Processes
containing a wax.
Subclass:
448
Chemically modified local areas:
This subclass is indented under subclass 446. Processes
wherein local or selected areas of the substrate are
chemically modified so that they are dyed differently from
the untreated parts.
(1) Note. Local areas are areas of a substrate which are
less than the whole surface of the substrate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
115 for similar pattern effects obtained without coloring.
120 and 181+, for immunizing, per se.
Subclass:
449
Reactive dye:
This subclass is indented under subclass 446. Processes using
a resist with a reactive dye.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for the definition of a reactive
dye.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
543 for a reactive dye composition.
Subclass:
450
Oxidation dye, e.g., aniline, nitroaniline, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 446. Processes
wherein the dye resisted is an oxidation dye, e.g., aniline,
nitroaniline, diphenyl black, etc.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for the definition of oxidation
dye.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
406 and 649, for oxidation dye composition.
Subclass:
451
Azo dye component ground:
This subclass is indented under subclass 446. Processes
wherein an azo ground component of an azo dye is prevented
from diazotization, coupling or other development in local
areas.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 457+ for the discharge of azo dyes already
formed on a substrate.
subclasses 666+ for azo coupling on the fiber.
Subclass:
452
Mordant dye, e.g., dye with a metal chelating group, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 446. Processes
wherein a mordant dye is resisted.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for a definition of the term
mordant dye.
Subclass:
453
Vat dye or sulfur dye, e.g., quionic or indigoid reducible
dye, sulfur-organic reaction product dye, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 446. Processes
wherein a vat or sulfur dye is resisted.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for a definition of the terms vat
dye and sulfur dye.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
650 for other vat and sulfur dye compositions.
Subclass:
454
Basic dye, including diphenylmethane, triphenylmethane,
xanthene, fluorene, methine, acridine, oxazine, phenazine,
flavylium, naphthoperinone, quinophthalone, quaternary
ammonium group, etc., containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 446. Processes
wherein a basic or cationic dye is resisted.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for a definition of basic dye.
Subclass:
455
Acid (including direct) dye, e.g., sulfonated, sulfamated,
etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 446. Processes
wherein an acid or direct dye is resisted.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for the definition of an acid
dye.
Subclass:
456
Disperse dye:
This subclass is indented under subclass 446. Processes
wherein a disperse dye is resisted.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for the definition of a disperse
dye.
Subclass:
457
Discharge utilized:
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Processes for
the removal of a color from selected local areas of a
substrate which has been previously colored in order to
obtain pattern effects.
(1) Note. In the subclasses hereunder classification is only
on the dye discharged.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
102 for stripping color entirely from fabrics.
446 for agents applied to prevent the development of color
from a previously applied intermediate or dye component as
such agents are not regarded as being discharges for the
purposes of this subclass.
Subclass:
458
Chemically modified local areas:
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Processes
wherein local or selected areas of the substrate are
chemically modified so that they are dyed differently from
the untreated parts.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
115 for similar pattern effects obtained without coloring.
120 and 181+, for immunizing, per se.
Subclass:
459
Oxidation dye, e.g., aniline, nitroaniline, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Processes
wherein an oxidation dye is discharged.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for the definition of an
oxidation dye.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 406+ for oxidation dyes on hair or fur.
649 for oxidation dyes on textiles.
Subclass:
460
Mordant dye:
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Processes
wherein a mordant dye is discharged.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for the definition of a mordant
dye.
Subclass:
461
Vat dye or sulfur dye, e.g., quinonic or indigold reducible,
or sulfur-organic compound reaction product dye, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Process wherein
a vat or sulfur dye is discharged.
(1) Note. See this Glossary for a definition of the term vat
dye.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
650 for other vat and sulfur dye compositions.
Subclass:
462
Basic dye, including diphenylmethane, triphenylmethane,
xanthene, fluorene, methine, acridine, oxazine, phenazine,
flavylium, napthoperinone, quinophthalone, quarternary
ammonium group, etc., containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Processes
wherein a basic or cationic dye is discharged.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for a definition of basic dye.
Subclass:
463
Acid (including direct) dye, e.g., sulfonated, sulfamated,
etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Processes
wherein an acid or direct dye is discharded.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for a definition of acid dye.
Subclass:
464
Disperse dye:
This subclass is indented under subclass 457. Processes
wherein a disperse dye is discharged.
(1) Note. See the Glossary of a definition of disperse dye.
Subclass:
465
Vat dye or sulfur dye, e.g., quinonic or indigold reducible
dye, sulfur-organic compound reaction product dye, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Processes for
direct printing with a vat dye or sulfur dye.
Subclass:
466
Azo dye:
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Processes in
which the components of an azo dye are present during
printing.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 662+ for similar processes not limited to
printing.
Subclass:
467
DIFFUSION TRANSFER DYEING PROCESS, TRANSFER SHEET AND
PRODUCT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein a support carrying a dye or discharge is
brought into contact with the surface to be colored and the
dye or discharge released to the surface, usually by
moistening with a solvent or by heating or both.
(1) Note. This subclass also includes the combination of a
support with a dye or discharge material thereon, i.e.,
transfer sheet.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
445 for textile printing by Impression or by stenciling.
478 for marbleizing textiles.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
101, Printing, subclass 464 for planos:graphic printing
involving transfer of marking material by film to film
inhibition.
156, Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclass 230 for processes of transferring lamina from an
adhered carrier.
427, Coating Processes, particularly subclasses 146+ for
processes for making transfer or copy sheets by a coating
process; and subclass 429 for applying a coating with an
absorbent applicator.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, appropriate
subclasses, especially subclass 103 and 195+ for a single or
plural layer web or sheet stock material product with a
differential or discontinuous coating or impregnation; and
subclasses 914+ (a cross-reference art collection) for a
product in which a coating or impregnation is released to
another surface, i.e., transfer sheets.
Subclass:
468
Release layer utilized:
This subclass is indented under subclass 467. Subject matter
wherein a layer on the support is used to facilitate the
separation of the material to be transferred.
Subclass:
469
Steam:
This subclass is indented under subclass 467. Subject matter
wherein steam is involved in the transfer process.
Subclass:
470
Dry heat treatment for penetration:
This subclass is indented under subclass 467. Subject matter
wherein dry heat is used to facilitate dye penetration.
Subclass:
471
Sublimation:
This subclass is indented under subclass 470. Subject matter
wherein sublimating is involved in the transfer to the
receiving surface.
Subclass:
472
Air pressure:
This subclass is indented under subclass 471. Subject matter
wherein air pressure is involved in the transfer process.
Subclass:
473
SUBAMBIENT TEMPERATURE DYEING PROCESS, I.E., LESS THAN 20
DEGREES C.:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes where subambient temperature is used in dyeing.
(1) Note. 20 degrees C. (68 degrees F.) is defined as
ambient temperature for purposes of this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
619 for ammonia assisted dyeing.
Subclass:
474
REACTIVE GAS OR REACTIVE VAPOR UTILIZED IN DYE PROCESS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein a reactive gas or vapor is used.
(1) Note. For purposes of this subclass ozone or nitrogen
oxides are reactive gasses used to develop a reduced vat dye
on the fiber.
Subclass:
475
CONFINED GAS PHASE SUPERATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE DYEING PROCESS
(OTHER THAN STEAM BELOW 138 DEGRESS C.):
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein a confined superatmospheric pressure is
used in dyeing (gas phase).
(1) Note. Processes for the treatment of dyed or printed
textile materials to complete the effect of the dye such as
to improve fastness, prevent fading or increase brilliance
are in this subclass.
(2) Note. Steam under pressure at temperature below 138
degrees C. is considered routine and not included herein.
Subclass:
476
Steam (at 138 degrees C. or above):
This subclass is indented under subclass 475. Processes using
steam at a temperature of 138 degrees C. (280 degrees F.) or
above.
Subclass:
477
FOAM DYE COMPOSITION OR PROCESS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter wherein foam is generated as by a gas entering a dye
solution and causing bubbling and these bubble gases in dye
liquor are applied to the material to be dyed.
(1) Note. Foam dyeing is usually used so as to limit the
quantity of dye liquor applied to the material to be dyed.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
516, Colloid Systems and Wetting Agents; Subcombinations
Thereof; Processes of Making, Stabilizing, Breaking, or
Inhibiting, subclasses 10+ for foam colloid systems or
agents for such systems or making or stabilizing such systems
or agents, when generically claimed or when there is no
hierarchically superior provision in the USPC for the
specifically claimed art.
Subclass:
478
PATTERN EFFECT DYEING, PROCESS, COMPOSITIONS, OR PRODUCTS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes and compositions for the production of pattern
effects on a substrate by methods involving a manipulation of
the materials, and product thereof.
(1) Note. Excluded herein are pattern effects due to blends
of fibers or materials wherein different materials or fibers
have a different affinity with the dye; and see in particular
subclasses 529+.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 114+ for ornamental and pattern effects produced
by the chemical modification of the textile material, where
coloring is not involved or is only incidental.
148 and 149, for manipulative processes for producing
intermittent variation in depth of color, and intermittent
color and noncolor.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
427, Coating Processes, subclasses 256+ for processes of
producing a nonuniform coating.
Subclass:
479
Discontinuous or multidirectional movement of substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 478. Subject matter
wherein a substrate is moved discontinuously or
multidirectionally during the dyeing process for an effect.
(1) Note. In this subclass the movement can be produced by
vibrating a substrate in or out of contact with the
applicator.
Subclass:
480
Cross dyeing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 478. Subject matter
wherein a component part of a substrate is differently
treated to modify the dye affinity or color produced such as
by mordant, resist, or dye intermediate, and then dyed or
developed with one or more dyes or dye components to produce
pattern effects.
(1) Note. Such effects due to a natural difference in the
dyeing affinity of fibers in a blend are excluded from this
subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 529+ for pattern effects in a fiber blend due to
natural difference in dye affinity of different fibers.
Subclass:
481
Mixture of treated and untreated individual fibers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 480. Processes
wherein a mixture of treated and untreated fibers is used.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 529+ where effects are due to a natural
difference in dyeing affinity of the component threads.
Subclass:
482
Suppress dyeing, e.g., fold, twist, wrinkle, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 478. Subject matter
wherein an effect is obtained by suppressing access of the
dye to portions of the substrate to be dyed by a temporary
shaping of the substrate.
(1) Note. Included herein is manipulating the material by
folding, twisting, wrinkling, etc., In order to prevent areas
of the material from being exposed to the applied dye or to
limit the relative amount of dye applied to some areas.
Subclass:
483
Random pattern effect, e.g., space dyeing, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 478. Subject matter
wherein the dye is applied in a manner so as to produce a
random nonrepeating pattern.
(1) Note. Space dyeing is a yarn dyeing process in which one
strand receives more than one color at irregular intervals.
It produces an effect of unorganized design.
Subclass:
484
Differential diffusion:
This subclass is indented under subclass 483. Subject matter
using diffusion of the dye through the substrate to produce
irregular patterns of dyed areas.
Subclass:
485
Two or more sequential dye application steps:
This subclass is indented under subclass 478. Subject matter
involving two or more sequential dye applications to produce
a pattern dyeing effect.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
502 for replenishing a dye solution in a dye bath.
504 for plural applications of the same dye wherein no
pattern dyeing effect is produced.
subclasses 529+ for one or two bath union dyeing of fiber
mixtures (or blends).
Subclass:
486
Direct contact with applicator:
This subclass is indented under subclass 478. Subject matter
wherein direct contact between applicator and substrate
occurs.
(1) Note. Printing with stencil or roller is in subclass
445. In this subclass 486 the purpose of the contact is to
bring the solution to the substrate and to permit it to
migrate into the substrate for an effect.
Subclass:
487
Roller or Disc:
This subclass is indented under subclass 486. Subject matter
wherein the dye is applied by a roller or disc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
101, Printing, for roller printing.
Subclass:
488
BONDING OF PREFORM, E.G., FLOCKING, ETC., WITH DYEING,
PROCESS OR PRODUCT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter involving the combined operations of bonding two or
more performs together and dyeing same.
(1) Note. This subclass includes the process of bonding and
dyeing or the product produced after the dyeing operation.
(2) Note. In this process adhesive or plasticizers may be
used to bind preforms together.
Subclass:
489
DRAWING OR STRETCHING OF PREFORM WITH DYEING, PROCESS OR
PRODUCT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter involving drawing or stretching of a preform and
dyeing same.
(1) Note. This subclass includes the process of stretching
or drawing, or the product produced after the dyeing
operation.
Subclass:
490
PROCESS OF PRESERVING SUBSTRATE COMBINED WITH DYEING OR
PRODUCT THEREOF, E.G., BIOCIDAL OR FIRE RETARDANT TREATMENT,
ETC.:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter involving the combination of dyeing with treating a
substrate with a biocidal, fire retardant, or other
preservative treatment.
(1) Note. This subclass includes the dyed product.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
442 for protecting the color.
Subclass:
491
OVERALL DIMENSIONAL MODIFICATION OR STABILIZATION, E.G.,
CREPING, ETC., INCLUDING USE OF CHEMICAL ADDITIVE TO FORM AT
LEAST A TEMPORARY COMPOSITION, WITH DYEING PROCESS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes involving an overall dimensional modification or
stabilization of the substrate (including use of a chemical
additive to form a treating composition) and dyeing.
(1) Note. The treating can be physical, e.g., shrinking,
heat setting, creping, etc., or it can be by a chemical
additive.
(2) Note. Creping refers to several methods of producing a
crepe effect on a fabric. See the Glossary for a definition
of crepe.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
118 for parchmentizing.
125 for mercerizing or alkaline treatment.
537 for parchmentizing (paper), or mercerizing (cotton), in
combination with dyeing.
541 for cross-linking to facilitate dyeing.
Subclass:
492
Solvent treatment of synthetic fibers:
This subclass is indented under subclass 491. Processes
involving the combination of treatment of synthetic fiber
with a solvent and dyeing, and product thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
130.1 for the subcombination of plasticizing artificial
fibers.
Subclass:
493
Modification of molecular structure of substrate by chemical
means, e.g., cross-linking of substrate, hydrolysis of
substrate, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 491. Processes
involving modification of chemical structure by chemical
means, e.g., cross-linking, hydrolysis, etc., of substrate
and product thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
541 for cross-linking agents such as diepoxides, to anchor a
dye.
Subclass:
494
NOMINAL TEXTILE MANUFACTURE PROCESS COMBINED WITH DYEING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes involving the combination of a nominal textile
manufacturing step together with a dyeing step.
(1) Note. Nominal textile manufacture here refers to a
broadly recited textile operation, e.g., mere recitation of
weaving, knitting, tufting, sewing, texturizing, etc.
Subclass:
495
COATING OR SIZING WITH DYEING OR PRODUCT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes involving the combination of coating or sizing
together with a dyeing step and product thereof.
(1) Note. Coating with polymer which acts as an assistant or
mordant is considered part of the dyeing method and goes
below the organic polymer additives.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
490 for fire or biocidal resistant coating.
Subclass:
496
Aminoplast or aminoplast precursor coating:
This subclass is indented under subclass 495. Subject matter
wherein an aminoplast or aminoplast precursor is applied as a
coating or sizing.
(1) Note. Included herein but not limited thereto are
unreaformaldehyde and melamineformaldehyde aminoplasts.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
554 for guanidine-formaldehyde as an assistant.
556 for use of dicyandiamideformaldehyde or
cyanamideformaldehyde as assistant for an acid dye.
Subclass:
497
FORMING, SHAPING, OR RESHAPING WITH DYEING PROCESS OR
PRODUCT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes involving forming, shaping, or reshaping a preform
together with a dyeing step and product thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
489 for stretching or drawing to reshape in combination with
dyeing.
538 for gelled fibers dyeing since the gel form of a fiber
is a form of the fiber before it is hardened and involves
stretching.
Subclass:
498
PROCESS OF DYEING INVOLVING DRY POWDER APPLICATION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes involving applying a dye in dry powdered form to a
substrate to dye.
(1) Note. Dried on the fabric print pastes are not
considered powdered and are classified with dye or dye
assistant.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
524 for dye powders as dye concentrates or process of
preparing same (to be dissolved in liquid dye baths and
diluted thereby).
Subclass:
499
SPRAY-DYEING PROCESS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes involving using a gas to propel fine particles of a
liquid dye composition against the substrate to dye the same,
or utilizing a nozzle to spray a dye composition onto a
substrate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
subclasses 478+ where a pattern effect is obtained.
Subclass:
500
DYEING PROCESS UTILIZING MECHANICAL PRESSURE, E.G., PRESSES,
ETC.:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein mechanical pressure is utilized to assist
in dyeing.
(1) Note. Included herein is use of molten metal bath,
mechanical presses, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
497 for mechanical shaping with pressure to reshape the
substrate.
Subclass:
501
TWO-PHASE SYSTEM DYEING COMPOSITION OR PROCESS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes and compositions involving dye compositions in a
two-phase system or wherein a change of phase occurs.
(1) Note. Included herein are, e.g., systems where the dye
precipitates as it loses solubility or dissolves as it gains
solubility. i.e., change of phase, dye distributing between
two different phases as in an emulsion, preparation of dye
compositions wherein dye is being forced into a phase of an
emulsion, etc.
Subclass:
502
REPLENISHMENT OR REPLACEMENT OF SAME BATH LIQUOR IN DYEING
PROCESS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes where replenishment or replacement of a dye bath
liquor is involved, using the same dye.
Subclass:
503
DYEING PROCESS INVOLVING BURNING OF REAGENTS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes involving removing used reagents by burning.
Subclass:
504
PROCESS INVOLVING PLURAL APPLICATION STEPS WITH SAME DYE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes involving plural applications of the same dye to a
substrate.
Subclass:
505
DIFFERENTIAL FLUID PRESSURE ASSISTED DYEING PROCESS, E.G.,
AIR PRESSURE, VACUUM, ETC.:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes wherein differential fluid pressure, e.g., air
pressure or vacuum, etc., is utilized in the dyeing process.
(1) Note. Use of air for drying only is not sufficient to
place in this subclass.
Subclass:
506
NONTEXTILE, DYEING PROCESS OR PRODUCT, INCLUDING INORGANIC
FIBER:
This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Processes involving dyeing of nontextile articles and
products thereof.
(1) Note. Paper is classified as a textile in this class and
thus is not in this subclass.
(2) Note. See the Glossary for a definition of textile
materials.
Subclass:
507
Contact lens:
This subclass is indented under subclass 506. Subject matter
for dyeing of contact lens.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
427, Coating Processes, subclasses 162+ for coating a
lens.
Subclass:
508
Vinyl chloride polymer substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 506. Subject matter
for dyeing vinyl chloride polymer or copolymer substrate.
Subclass:
509
Acrylate polymer substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 506. Subject matter
wherein an acrylate polymer or copolymer substrate is dyed.
Subclass:
510
Acrylonitrile polymer substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 506. Subject matter
involving dyeing an acrylonitrile polymer or copolymer
substrate.
Subclass:
511
Contains basic addition comonomer, e.g., vinyl pyridine,
etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 510. Subject matter
wherein the copolymer substrate includes a basic addition
comonomer, e.g., vinyl pryidine, etc.
Subclass:
512
Polymer from polyol and a polycarboxylic acid or derivative
substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 506. Subject matter
for dyeing material which is the reaction product of a polyol
and a polycarboxylic acid or a polycarboxylic acid
derivative.
Subclass:
513
Olefin polymer substrate or rubber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 506. Subject matter
for dyeing a polymer derived from an unsaturated hydrocarbon
or natural rubber substrate.
Subclass:
514
Styrene polymer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 513. Subject matter
for dyeing a styrene polymer substrate.
Subclass:
515
Polymer from isocyanate and a polyol, e.g., polyurethane,
etc., substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 506. Subject matter
for dyeing substrate derived from a polyol and an isocyanate,
e.g., polyurethane, etc.
(1) Note. Blocked isocyanates are included herein as being
isocyanate reactants.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
521, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, subclass 53 for
treating a foamed solid polymer.
Subclass:
516
Amide polymer substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 506. Subject matter
for dyeing a polyamide substrate.
Subclass:
517
Natural polyamide, e.g., casein, gelatin, keratin, collagen,
etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 516. Subject matter
for dyeing natural polyamides.
(1) Note. Included herein are naturally occurring proteins,
e.g., keratin, casein, zein, gelatin, collagen, etc.
Subclass:
518
Cellulose substrate other than paper:
This subclass is indented under subclass 506. Subject matter
wherein cellulose material, other than paper, is dyed.
(1) Note. Paper is considered as a textile material in this
art.
Subclass:
519
Cellulose ester or cellulose ether:
This subclass is indented under subclass 518. Subject matter
for dyeing a cellulose ether or ester substrate.
Subclass:
520
Phenol-aldehyde resin substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 506. Subject matter
for dyeing a phenol-aldehyde resin substrate.
Subclass:
521
Oil, fat, wax, or gasoline dyeing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 506. Subject matter
for coloring oils, fats, wax, or gasoline.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
44, Fuel and Related Compositions, subclass 642 for a
composition which in the presence of burning solid fuel
changes the color of the flame produced.
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, particularly
subclasses 253+, 266, and 272 for plastic and coating
compositions comprising a colored oil or wax.
208, Mineral Oils: Processes and Products, subclass 12 for
(a) processes of treating mineral oils in order to impart a
color thereto (including imparting fluorescence thereto)
which does not involve the addition of a pigment or dye
thereto, and (b) products of such processes.
Subclass:
522
Inorganic substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 506. Subject matter
for dyeing an inorganic substrate.
Subclass:
523
Silica or calcareous substrate, e.g., glass, etc:
This subclass is indented under subclass 522. Subject matter
for coloring a calcareous or siliceous substrate.
(1) Note. Included herein are, e.g., bone, pearl, chips,
stone, sand, plaster of Paris, gypsum, plasterboard, glass,
etc.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
65, Glass Manufacturing, subclasses 430+ and 443+ for a
process of coating of glass filaments or fibers with a
colored material combined with the step of forming the
filaments or fibers.
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, particularly subclass
712 for the incorporation of coloring matter in the
formation of artificial stone.
Subclass:
524
DRY DYE COMPOSITION OTHER THAN MERE MIXTURE OF TWO OR MORE
DYES ALONE OR PROCESS OF MAKING:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter involving a dry dye composition or its method of
production.
(1) Note. Included herein is a micro capsule which may have
a fluid center.
(2) Note. Production of dyes from dye cakes is normally by
grinding and produces a powder which is included herein. Dye
powder, per se, is in this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
498 for process of dyeing with a powder dye.
subclasses 638+ for a mere mixture of dyes.
Subclass:
525
Dye soap or detergent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter
containing dye admixed with soap or detergent for coloring
textile materials with or without a simultaneous detergent
action.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
441 for combined processes involving coloring or recoloring
and cleaning or renovating.
648 for bluing soaps.
Subclass:
526
Dye in specified form other than mere powder:
This subclass is indented under subclass 524. Subject matter
wherein a dye composition is in a specific physical form
other than mere powder, per se.
(1) Note. For example, this subclass includes such forms as
tablets, microspheres, packages, balls, laminaes, flakes,
waters, sheets, particles of a specific size, etc.
(2) Note. Dye powder, per se, is not significant form for
this subclass.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
525 for dye soaps.
648 for bluing agents.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
206, Special Receptacle or Package, subclass .5 for infusion
packages.
Subclass:
527
DYE CONCENTRATE COMPOSITION WHEREIN AN ADDITIONAL AMOUNT OF A
CONSTITUENT OF THE COMPOSITION MUST BE ADDED BEFORE USE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter relating to dye concentrate compositions or methods of
making these compositions wherein an additional amount of a
constituent of the composition must be added before using.
(1) Note. The composition as claimed requires the addition
of further constituents in order to be usable in dyeing
process or wherein the composition is referred to as a
concentrate.
Subclass:
528
Highly viscous dye concentrate e.g., paste, etc:
This subclass is indented under subclass 527. Subject matter
where dye concentrate is in a highly viscous or thickened
state, e.g., a paste, etc.
(1) Note. The paste form can arise from the dye preparation,
as in wet grinding of dye cakes.
(2) Note. Normal print pastes are not concentrates. Print
pastes with conventional thickeners are classified by the
dye, method of application or other dye assistant.
Subclass:
529
MULTIPLE CHEMICALLY DIVERSE FIBERS OR FIBERS WITH DIFFERENT
CROSS SECTION, PROCESS OF DYEING OR PRODUCT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter relating to processes for coloring textile materials
composed of more than one kind of fiber in solid or contrast
shades and the preparation of the colored effect threads for
a mixed fabric or product thereof.
(1) Note. Dyeing of mixed fiber fabric followed by complete
discharge of the dye from one of the components of the mixed
material is in this subclass.
(2) Note. Fiber blends herein means a mixture of diverse
fibers and does not mean a blend of polymers in a single
fiber.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
480 for dyeing of mixed fibers, one part of which has been
treated in local areas to modify its dye affinity and produce
pattern effects.
Subclass:
530
Resisting a fiber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 529. Subject matter
wherein an agent for restricting the coloration to one kind
of fiber or at least decreasing the affinity of the color for
one of the mixed fibers is used.
(1) Note. This agent for purposes of this subclass may be
applied before dyeing to some or all of the component
fibers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
446 for similar processes (not limited to mixed fiber
fabrics) involving printing.
Subclass:
531
Synthetic polyamide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 529. Subject matter
involving dyeing a blend containing a polyamide other than
wool or silk.
Subclass:
532
Polyester fiber and cellulose fiber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 529. Subject matter
involving dyeing a blend of polyester fiber and cellulose
fiber.
(1) Note. Polyester fiber is made by the reaction of a
polyol and a poly-carboxylic acid or derivative.
Subclass:
533
Polyester fiber with wool or silk fiber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 529. Subject matter
involving dyeing a blend of polyester with wool or silk.
Subclass:
534
Polyacrylonitrile fiber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 529. Subject matter
for dyeing a blend containing a fiber derived from
acrylonitrile.
(1) Note. This subclass includes acid and basic modified
polyacrylonitrile blends. The acid modified polyacrylonitrile
usually is a polyacrylonitrile with additional pendant -SO3-
or -COO- radicals as by copolymerizing acrylonitrile with a
sulfonated monomer.
Subclass:
535
PHENOL-ALDEHYDE FIBER DYEING COMPOSITION, PROCESS, OR DYED
PRODUCT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter relating to processes or compositions, for dyeing or
phenolaldehyde resin fiber or product.
Subclass:
536
FIBER DERIVED FROM SAPONIFIED CELLULOSE ESTERS OR FROM
NITROCELLULOSE CONVERTED TO CELLULOSE, DYE COMPOSITION,
PROCESS, OR PRODUCT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter relating to processes or compositions for dyeing of
fibers derived from saponified cellulose ester or from
nitrocellulose converted to cellulose, or product thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
115 for processes of ornamenting a textile or fiber
including a saponifying step.
130 for process of saponifying per se of a cellulose ester
or ether fiber or textile.
446 for dyeing processes which include the application of a
saponifying agent by printing to local areas of a fabric or
to intermittent parts of a yarn.
Subclass:
537
MERCERIZED CELLULOSE FIBER OR PARCHMENTIZED CELLULOSE FIBER
DYEING COMPOSITION, PROCESS, OR PRODUCT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter relating to compositions or processes for dyeing
mercerized, acidified, or parchmentized cellulose.
(1) Note. Mercerizing is the treatment of cellulose fiber
with cold concentrated alkali.
(2) Note. Parchmentizing is the treatment of paper with cold
concentrated acid to make it parchment-like.
Subclass:
538
GELLED FIBER-DYEING PROCESS OR PRODUCT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter relating to processes for dyeing gelled fibers and
product thereof.
(1) Note. Usually gelling of fibers occurs during the
spinning of polyacrylonitrile or viscose from an aqueous
bath. Drying and heating hardens the fibers and they lose
their ready internal accessibility to dyes.
Subclass:
539
SYNTHETIC FIBER PRODUCED FROM MATERIAL WHICH CONTAINS
PENDANT-COO-, - (O=)S(=O)-O-,-O-(O=)P(=O)-O-, PYRIDINO,
DIALKYLAMINOALKYL-, OR QUATERNARY AMMONIUM RADICAL, DYEING
PROCESS OR PRODUCT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter relating to compositions or processes for or products
of dyeing synthetic fiber produced from material which
contains at least one of the following pendant radicals: (1)
-COO- ; (2) -SO3- ; (3) Dialkylaminoalkyl group; (4) Pyridine
group; (5) PO4; (6) Quaternary ammonium group
Subclass:
540
Quaternary ammonium, pyridino, or dialkylaminoalkyl:
This subclass is indented under subclass 539. Subject matter
wherein the fiber contains pendant quaternary ammonium,
pyridino, or dialkylaminoalkyl groups.
(1) Note. The groups noted above provide basic fibers which
are substantive to or dyed by sulfonated direct or acid
dyes.
Subclass:
541
ACYLATING AGENT OR CROSS-LINKER DYE ADDITIVE, COMPOSITION,
PROCESS, OR PRODUCT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter involving dye compositions or processes using
acylating agents or cross-linking agent to assist dyeing or
product thereof.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for a definition of the term
cross-linker dye additive.
(2) Note. Diepoxides and diacylhalides are examples of
cross-linkers.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
543 for an agent which is a part of a reactive dye.
551 for ethylene imines.
Subclass:
542
Pretreatment of substrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 541. Subject matter
where the substrate is pretreated with the acylating agent or
cross-linker.
Subclass:
543
REACTIVE DYE COMPOSITION, PROCESS, OR PRODUCT:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter relating to dyeing with a reactive dye.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for the definition of a reactive
dye.
Subclass:
544
1, 2-epoxy terminal group dye or halohydroxy dye, e.g.,
-CH(OH)-CHC1 containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 543. Subject matter
using a 1,2-epoxy terminated dye or halohydroxy alkylene dye,
i.e., dye containing a -C(OH)-CC1-group.
Subclass:
546
Thiosulfato group containing dye:
This subclass is indented under subclass 543. Subject matter
using thiosulfato group containing dyes, e.g., -S-SO3Na,
etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
652 sulfur dyes which change by reduction to thiosulfato
dyes
Subclass:
547
Quaternary ammonium group containing dye:
This subclass is indented under subclass 543. Subject matter
using a reactive dye containing an alkylene quaternary
ammonium group.
(1) Note. Included herein is an amine assisted reactive dye
which forms the quaternary ammonium form of a reactive dye.
Subclass:
548
Alkylene phosphate or phosphite dye:
This subclass is indented under subclass 543. Subject matter
using alkylene phosphate or phosphite dyes.
Subclass:
549
Alkylene sulfato, halotriazine, halodiazine, haloquinoxaline,
or halopyrimidine dye:
This subclass is indented under subclass 543. Subject matter
using alkylene sulfate, halotriazine, halodiazine,
halopyrimidine or haloquinoxaline dye.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
543 for a vinyl sulfone.
Subclass:
550
ORGANIC ADDITIVE FOR DYE COMPOSITION, DYE COMPOSITION
CONTAINING ORGANIC ADDITIVE, PROCESS OR PRODUCT; OTHER THAN
EMULSIFIER, PH ADJUSTER OR STARCH OR GUM PRINT PASTE
THICKENER:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter involving organic dye additives (assistants) added to
the dye to assist in or improve this dyeing.
(1) Note. Classification based on the following organic dye
additives (assistants) is excluded from this subclass: (a)
materials used merely as emulsifiers, e.g., conventional
detergents, wetting agents, dispersing agents, fatty acid
salts (soaps), etc.; (b) ph adjusters, e.g., buffers, alkali,
or acid, etc.; (c) starch or gum when used merely as a print
paste thickener; (d) sugars as diluents or bulking agents in
preparing dye powders.
(2) Note. Where an additive such as an emulsifier, etc.
excluded above, is disclosed to have another function,
classification on the additive in this subclass is proper.
(3) Note. Included herein are organic solvents, mordants,
plasticizers, carriers, inhibitors, etc., which are used to
assist in dyeing.
(4) Note. Sugars which are nonpolymeric are classified in
subclass 611 regardless of functional moieties therein, e.g.,
a nitrogen containing sugar would not be in subclass 602 but
in subclass 611.
(5) Note. An additive added to the substrate at a different
time from the dye is also here, except if an additive is
incorporated into the substrate material before forming the
substrate, e.g., as in the production of a resin to be spun
into a fiber, then the classification is not based on that
additive which is considered part of the substrate.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
618 for an inorganic additive.
Subclass:
551
Ethylenimine or polymer thereof or polyalkylene polyamine:
This subclass is indented under subclass 550. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive is an ehtylenmine or polymer
derived therefrom or is a polyalky-lene polyamine.
Subclass:
552
Polymeric additive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 550. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive is a polymer including liquid or
solid polymers.
(1) Note. Conventional thickeners for print paste, i.e.,
starch or gums, are not placed here. The other dye additives
control classification.
(2) Note. Nonprinting compositions with thickeners such as
starch are herein. Functions of starch or gums other than
print paste thickening are herein.
(3) Note. Cellulose esters and ethers are herein.
Subclass:
553
Derived form vinyl pyrrolidone or vinyl pyridine:
This subclass is indented under subclass 552. Subject matter
wherein the polymeric additive is a polymer derived from
vinyl pyridine or vinyl pyrrolidone.
Subclass:
554
Cationic polymer, e.g., aminated polymer without -COO-,
-(O=)S(=O)-O, -O-(O=)P(=O)-O- groups, e.g., polyacrylamide,
etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 552. Subject matter
wherein a cationic polymer is employed as a dye assistant.
(1) Note. The criterion for a cationic polymer is the
ability of acid dyes to be substantive thereto, i.e., to
permanently dye the basic polymer.
(2) Note. See the Glossary for a definition of acid dye.
(3) Note. Polymers with amine groups with no acid groups, or
polyamides are examples of cationic dyes.
Subclass:
555
Acrylamide or dialkylaminoalkylacrylate polymer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 554. Subject matter
involving a polymer derived from acrylamide or a
dialkylaminoalkylacrylate.
Subclass:
556
Cyanamide- or dicyandiamide- formaldehyde polymer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 554. Subject matter
involving a polymer derived from the reaction of cyanamide
and formaldehyde or dicyandiamide and formaldehyde.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
554 for a guanadine formaldehyde polymer.
Subclass:
557
Acid polymer, e.g., carboxylated or sulfonated polymer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 552. Subject matter
wherein the polymeric additive is an acid polymer.
(1) Note. Generally, acidic polymers are, e.g., polymers
with pendant or terminal COOH, SO3H, or SO4H P04H radicals,
etc., or polymers noted as being acid polymers.
Subclass:
558
Acrylic acid polymer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 557. Subject matter
wherein the organic polymer is derived from acrylic acid.
Subclass:
559
Carboxyalkylene cellulose:
This subclass is indented under subclass 557. Subject matter
wherein the organic polymer is carboxyalkylene cellulose,
e.g., carboxymethyl cellulose, etc.
Subclass:
560
Phenol-aldehyde polymer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 557. Subject matter
wherein the organic polymer is a polymer derived from a
phenol and an aldehyde.
Subclass:
561
Carbohydrate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 552. Subject matter
wherein the organic polymer is a carbohydrate.
(1) Note. This subclass generally includes starch, gums,
cellulose esters and ethers, etc., excluding starch or gum as
a print paste thickener.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
611 for nonpolymeric saccharides, e.g., glucose, sucrose,
etc.
Subclass:
562
Cellulose ester or cellulose ether:
This subclass is indented under subclass 561. Subject matter
wherein the organic polymer is a cellulose ester or ether.
Subclass:
563
Polypeptide or protein:
This subclass is indented under subclass 552. Subject matter
wherein the organic polymer is a polypeptide or protein.
(1) Note. Included herein are gelatin, glue, etc.
Subclass:
564
Lactam:
This subclass is indented under subclass 550. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive is a lactam, e.g., pyrrolidone,
etc.
Subclass:
565
Six-membered hetero ring having two or more ring hetero atoms
of which at least one is nitrogen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 550. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive is a compound having a
six-membered hetero ring, having two or more ring hetero
atoms therein, at least one of which is nitrogen.
Subclass:
566
Triazines (including hydrogenated):
This subclass is indented under subclass 565. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive is a compound containing a
six-membered hetero ring containing three or more N- hetero
atoms therein and including hydrogenated compounds.
Subclass:
567
Diazines (including hydrogenated):
This subclass is indented under subclass 565. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive is a six-membered hetero ring
compound containing two N-hetero atoms including hydrogenated
compounds.
Subclass:
568
Six-membered hetero ring consisting of one nitrogen and five
carbon atoms:
This subclass is indented under subclass 550. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive is a hetero compound having a
six-member ring with only one N group therein.
Subclass:
569
Quinolines:
This subclass is indented under subclass 568. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive is a quinoline.
Subclass:
570
Five-membered hetero ring having two or more ring hetero
atoms of which at least one is nitrogen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 550. Subject matter
wherein the organic agent contains a five-membered hetero
ring which has at least two ring hetero atoms at least one of
which is nitrogen.
Subclass:
571
Hetero N ring contains a sulfur atom (including
hydrogenated):
This subclass is indented under subclass 570. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive is a hetero compound having a
five-membered ring with at least one nitrogen atom and at
least one sulfur atom in the ring, e.g., a thiazole, etc.,
including hydrogenated compounds.
Subclass:
572
Hetero N ring contains an oxygen atom (including
hydrogenated):
This subclass is indented under subclass 570. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive is a hetero compound having a
five-membered ring with at least one nitrogen atom and at
least one oxygen atom in the ring, e.g., an oxazole, etc.,
including hydrogenated compounds.
Subclass:
573
Hetero N ring contains at least two nitrogen hetero atoms
(including hydrogenated):
This subclass is indented under subclass 570. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive is a hetero compound having a
five-membered ring with at least two nitrogen atoms in the
ring, e.g., a diazole, etc., including hydrogenated
compounds.
Subclass:
574
Five-membered hetero ring consisting of one nitrogen and four
carbon atoms:
This subclass is indented under subclass 550. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive is a compound with a
five-membered ring containing one nitrogen and four carbons
in the ring, including hydrogenated compounds.
(1) Note. This subclass includes poly- carboxylic acid
imides, e.g., phthalimide.
Subclass:
575
Sulfur-containing hetero ring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 550. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive is a compound with a
sulfur-containing hetero ring.
Subclass:
576
Oxygen-containing hetero ring:
This subclass is indented under subclass 550. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive is a compound with an
oxygen-containing hetero ring.
(1) Note. Included herein are, e.g., epoxides, cyclic
carbonates, etc.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
611 for a glucoside.
Subclass:
577
Furyl (including hydrogenated):
This subclass is indented under subclass 576. Subject matter
containing furyl or hydrofuryl compounds.
Subclass:
578
Lactones:
This subclass is indented under subclass 576. Subject matter
containing a lactone.
Subclass:
579
Hetero ring is six-membered consisting of one oxygen and five
carbons:
This subclass is indented under subclass 576. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive is a six-membered ring compound
with one oxygen and five carbons in the ring.
Subclass:
580
Fats, higher fatty acids or esters, oils or waxes, other than
nitrogen-containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 550. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive is a fat, higher fatty acid
ester, oil or wax and which does not contain a nitrogen
atom.
(1) Note. The oils or fats herein are generally
triglycerides, e.g., vegetable oil, etc.
(2) Note. Higher fatty acids for the purposes of this
subclass are considered to be monocarboxylic acids of eight
or more carbons.
Subclass:
581
Silicon-containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 550. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive contains at least one silicon
atom.
Subclass:
582
Carboxylic acid esters, cyanates, isocyanates, or sulfur
analogues thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 550. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive contains a carboxylic acid ester
group, cyanate group, or isocyanate group or sulfur analogue
thereof.
Subclass:
583
Aromatic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 582. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive is aromatic.
Subclass:
584
Phosphorous-containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 550. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive contains at least one atom of
phosphorus.
(1) Note. Phosphonium, phosphene, phosphate, phosphoryl
compounds, etc., are classified here.
Subclass:
585
Ureas, thioureas, pseudoureas, or pseudothioureas:
This subclass is indented under subclass 550. Subject matter
using ureas, thioureas, pseudoureas, or pseudothioureas.
Subclass:
586
Carboxamides or thiocarboxamides:
This subclass is indented under subclass 550. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive is a compound which contains a
carboxamide or thiocarboxamide group.
Subclass:
587
Sulfur-containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 550. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive contains at least one sulfur
atom, e.g., sulfonium, suifones, etc.
Subclass:
588
Sulfonic acids or sulfonic acid esters:
This subclass is indented under subclass 587. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive contains a sulfonic acid or
sulfonic acid ester group.
Subclass:
589
Aromatic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 588. Subject matter
wherein the sulfur additive contains an aromatic group.
Subclass:
590
Amino:
This subclass is indented under subclass 589. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive compound contains an amine
group, e.g., sulfanilic acid, etc.
Subclass:
591
Acyclic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 588. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive compound is acyclic, e.g.,
taurine, etc.
Subclass:
592
Sulfamic or sulfinic acids, salts, or esters:
This subclass is indented under subclass 587. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive contains a sulfamic acid or
sulfonic acid group or a salt or ester thereof.
Subclass:
593
Sulfonamides:
This subclass is indented under subclass 587. Subject matter
wherein the organic contains a sulfonamide group.
Subclass:
594
Carboxylic acid or salt thereof:
This subclass is indented under subclass 550. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive is a carboxylic acid or salt
thereof.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
580 for higher fatty acids, i.e., monocarboxylic acids
having eight or more carbons in the chain.
Subclass:
595
Tannins or tannic acid:
This subclass is indented under subclass 594. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive includes tannins or tannic
acid.
(1) Note. Nutgall contains tannic acid and is classified
herein.
Subclass:
596
Contains heavy metal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 595. Subject matter
including a heavy metal in the organic additive.
Subclass:
597
Amine:
This subclass is indented under subclass 594. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive carboxylic acid or salt compound
contains an amine group.
Subclass:
598
Acyclic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 594. Subject matter
wherein the carboxylic acid or salt compound is acyclic.
(1) Note. Acyclic is compound which contains no ring
system.
Subclass:
599
Hydroxy-containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 598. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive contains a hydroxy carboxylic
acid or salt.
Subclass:
600
Heavy metal-containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 598. Subject matter
where the carboxylic acid or salt contains a heavy metal
atom.
Subclass:
601
Halogen-containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 598. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive contains a halogen atom.
Subclass:
602
Nitrogen-containing, other than nitro or nitroso:
This subclass is indented under subclass 550. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive contains a nitrogen atom which
is other than nitro or nitroso.
Subclass:
603
Nitrile:
This subclass is indented under subclass 602. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive contains a nitrile group.
Subclass:
604
Amino alkanol:
This subclass is indented under subclass 602. Subject matter
wherein the nitrogen is in the form of an amino alkanol.
(1) Note. Included herein are the reaction products of
alkylene oxides and amines.
Subclass:
605
Anilines:
This subclass is indented under subclass 602. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive contains an aniline-type group.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
406 and 649, for anilines as oxidation dyes.
602 for benzyl amines.
Subclass:
606
Quaternary ammonium compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 602. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive contains a quaternary ammonium
compound.
Subclass:
607
Ketone:
This subclass is indented under subclass 550. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive is a ketone.
Subclass:
608
Aldehyde:
This subclass is indented under subclass 550. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive is an aldehyde.
Subclass:
609
Ether:
This subclass is indented under subclass 550. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive is an ether.
Subclass:
610
Aryl ether:
This subclass is indented under subclass 609. Subject matter
wherein the ether is an aryl ether.
Subclass:
611
Alcohol:
This subclass is indented under subclass 550. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive is an alcohol.
(1) Note. Sugars are grouped here even though they may
contain groups in subclasses above; see note in subclass
550.
Subclass:
612
Chlorohydrin:
This subclass is indented under subclass 611. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive is a chlorhydrin
(chlorohydrin).
(1) Note. A chlorhydrin is a compound containing both -CL
and -OH radicals.
Subclass:
613
Phenols:
This subclass is indented under subclass 611. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive is a phenol-type compound.
Subclass:
614
Halogen-containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 550. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive contains at least one halogen
atom.
Subclass:
615
Fluorine:
This subclass is indented under subclass 614. Subject matter
containing at least one atom of fluorine.
Subclass:
616
Aromatic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 614. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive contains an aryl group.
(1) Note. Included herein are halogenated benzene and
napthalene assistants.
Subclass:
617
Hydrocarbon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 550. Subject matter
wherein the organic additive is a hydrocarbon.
Subclass:
618
INORGANIC ADDITIVE FOR DYE COMPOSITION, DYE COMPOSITION
CONTAINING INORGANIC ADDITIVE, PROCESS OR PRODUCT; OTHER THAN
EMULSIFIER, PH ADJUSTER, WATER, NITROUS ACID FOR AZO COUPLING
OR SULFUR DYE:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter involving inorganic dye additives (assistants) which
are added to the dye to assist in or improve the dyeing.
(1) Note. Classification based on the following Inorganic
dye additives (assistants) is excluded from this subclass:
(a) materials used merely as emulsifiers, e.g., conventional
detergents, wetting agents, dispersing agents, Glauber's
salt, etc. (b) pH adjusters, e.g., buffers, alkall, or acid,
etc. (c) water; (d) nitrous acid for azo coupling; (e) sulfur
reducing agent for vat or sulfur dye.
(2) Note. An additive added to the substrate at a different
time from the dye is also here, except if an additive is
incorporated into the substrate material before forming the
substrate, then the classification is not based on that
additive which is considered part of the substrate.
(3) Note. A statement that a fiber is metal modified or
incorporates a metal is assumed to mean a metal after
treatment and thereby the metal is considered an assistant
for this subclass.
(4) Note. Metallic compounds used for weighting and those
used for mordanting may be the same, the difference being
only in the amount or agent incorporated.
(5) Note. Inorganic mordanting or weighting compositions are
included herein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
443 for weighting processes.
Subclass:
619
Ammonia:
This subclass is indented under subclass 618. Subject matter
wherein the inorganic assistant is ammonia.
Subclass:
620
Ammonium salt:
This subclass is indented under subclass 618. Subject matter
wherein the inorganic additive is an ammonium salt.
Subclass:
621
Molybdenum, uranium or tungsten (wolfram):
This subclass is indented under subclass 618. Subject matter
wherein the inorganic additive contains at least one atom
from the group tunsten, molybdenum or uranium.
Subclass:
622
Group VA metal (As, Sb, Bi):
This subclass is indented under subclass 618. Subject matter
wherein the inorganic additive contains at least one atom of
a Group VA metal, i.e., As, Sb, or Bi.
Subclass:
623
Group VIII metal (Fe, Co, Ni, Os, Ir, Pt, Ru, Rh, Pd):
This subclass is indented under subclass 618. Subject matter
wherein the inorganic additive contains at least one Group
VIII metal atom, i.e., iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium,
rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, or platinum.
Subclass:
624
Group IB metal (Cu, Ag, Au):
This subclass is indented under subclass 618. Subject matter
wherein the inorganic additive additive contains at least on
Group IB (Cu, Ag, Au) metal atom.
Subclass:
625
Group IIIA metal (Al, Ga, In, Ti):
This subclass is indented under subclass 618. Subject matter
wherein the inorganic additive contains at least one Group
IIIA (Al, Ga, In, Ti) Metal atom.
Subclass:
626
Group IV metal (Sn, Pb, Ge, Ti, Zr, Hf):
This subclass is indented under subclass 618. Subject matter
wherein the inorganic additive contains at least one Group IV
(Sn, Pb, Ge, Ti, Zr. Hf) metal atom.
Subclass:
627
Group VB metal (V, Nb, Ta):
This subclass is indented under subclass 618. Subject matter
wherein the inorganic additive contains at least one Group VB
metal ( V, nb, Ta) atom.
Subclass:
628
Group VII metal (Mn, Tc, Re):
This subclass is indented under subclass 618. Subject matter
wherein the inorganic additive contains at least one Group
VII (Mn, Tc, Re) metal atom.
Subclass:
629
Group IIB metal (Zn, Cd, Hg):
This subclass is indented under subclass 618. Subject matter
wherein the inorganic additive contains at least one Group
IIB (Zn, Cd, Hg) metal atom.
Subclass:
630
Boron:
This subclass is indented under subclass 618. Subject matter
wherein the inorganic additive contains at least one boron
atom.
Subclass:
631
Nitrogen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 618. Subject matter
wherein the additive is an inorganic nitrogen compound.
Subclass:
632
Silicon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 618. Subject matter
wherein the inorganic additive contains at least one silicon
atom.
Subclass:
633
Phosphorus:
This subclass is indented under subclass 618. Subject matter
wherein the inorganic additive contains at least one
phosphorus atom.
(1) Note. Monophosphates and phosphoric acid are generally
excluded herefrom as being mere pH adjusting agents, however,
when other uses are disclosed for these material
classification herein is proper.
Subclass:
634
Halogen acids:
This subclass is indented under subclass 618. Subject matter
wherein the inorganic additive is a halogen containing acid.
(1) Note. Use merely as a pH adjuster is excluded herefrom.
Subclass:
635
Chromium:
This subclass is indented under subclass 618. Subject matter
wherein the inorganic additive contains at least one chromium
atom.
Subclass:
636
DYE OR POTENTIAL DYE COMPOSITION, ADDITIVE TREATMENT,
PROCESS, PRODUCT, OR ANCILLARY DYE OPERATION:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject
matter involving compositions containing dyes or other
additives not provided for above including potential dye
components, dyeing processes or treatments related thereto,
products or other ancillary dye operations.
(1) Note. This is the subclass for miscellaneous
compositions or operations related to dyeing which are not
specifically provided for elsewhere.
Subclass:
637.1
Pigments used as dyes (imbibition of a pigment):
This subclass is indented under subclass 636. Subject matter
wherein a pigment is used as a dye.
(1) Note. This subclass takes coloring with a pigment
wherein the coloring is by imbibition, i.e., absorption of
the pigment by the substrate.
Subclass:
638
Mixed dyes, noncomplexed:
This subclass is indented under subclass 636. Subject matter
wherein more than one dye is used and wherein the dyes may be
applied simultaneously or sequentially.
(1) Note. The mixed dyes for this area are not complexed,
e.g., when two azo dyes complex with a heavy metal they are
not included herein.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
408 for combination of aniline colors oxidized on hair.
478 for effect coloring processes which may involve the use
of several dyes.
529 for dyeing mixed materials with several dyes.
Subclass:
639
Azo:
This subclass is indented under subclass 638. Subject matter
in which at least one of the dyes is an azo dye.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
662 wherein a vat dye compound chemically combines (couples)
with an azo dye component to form a true chemical compound as
a single dye, and no other azo coupling component or vat or
sulfur dye is present.
Subclass:
640
With sulfur dye or vat dye:
This subclass is indented under subclass 639. Subject matter
in which both an azo and a vat or sulfur dye are present.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for the definition of a vat dye
and of a sulfur dye.
Subclass:
641
Sulfonated azo:
This subclass is indented under subclass 639. Subject matter
containing a sulfonated azo dye.
Subclass:
642
Sulfur dye or vat dye:
This subclass is indented under subclass 638. Subject matter
in which at least one vat or sulfur dye is present.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for the definition of a vat dye
or a sulfur dye.
Subclass:
643
Anthraquinone dye:
This subclass is indented under subclass 638. Subject matter
wherein at least one of the dyes is an antraquinone dye.
Subclass:
644
Basic dye:
This subclass is indented under subclass 638. Subject matter
wherein at least one basic dye is included.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for the definition of a basic
dye.
Subclass:
645
Inorganic dye (mineral dye):
This subclass is indented under subclass 636. Subject matter
wherein inorganic dye materials only are employed, which may
coact to form an insoluble compound in the substrate.
Subclass:
646
Dye extracted from natural product:
This subclass is indented under subclass 636. Subject matter
containing a natural dye.
(1) Note. Natural dyes are extracts of plants or animal
obtained with no or very little chemical processing.
Subclass:
647
Polymeric dye, e.g., a chromophore pendant from an addition
polymer, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 636. Subject matter
wherein a polymeric dye (polymer containing a chromophore) is
used.
(1) Note. Oxidation dyes may polymerize but are excluded
herefrom.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
406 and 649, for oxidation dyes.
Subclass:
648
Fluorescent dye, e.g., stilbene, benzimidazole, benzoxazole,
benzothiazole, pyrazoline dye, etc., optical brightener or
bluing agent:
This subclass is indented under subclass 636. Subject matter
containing a fluorescent dye, e.g., stilbene, benzimidazole,
benzoxazole, benzothiazole, pyrazoline dye, etc., bluing
agents, or optical brighteners applied as dyes.
(1) Note. Methods of applying optical brighteners in the
same manner as a dye are here. Where the optical brightener
functions as a pigment the method goes in subclass 427.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
137 for methods of laundering involving a bluing step.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
106, Compositions: Coating or Plastic, particularly subclass
206.1 and 238 for bluing sizes.
252, Compositions, subclass 301.21 for optical brightener
composition.
427, Coating Processes, subclasses 157+ for application of
fluorescent materials or optical brighteners as a pigment
coating.
Subclass:
649
Oxidation dye, e.g., aniline, nitroaniline, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 636. Subject matter
involving an oxidation dye.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for the definition of oxidation
dye.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
406 for dyeing hair and skin by oxidation dyes.
672 for azo dyes oxidized on fibers.
Subclass:
650
Sulfur dye or vat dye:
This subclass is indented under subclass 636. Subject matter
containing a vat or sulfur dye.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for a definition of a vat dye.
Subclass:
651
Soluble leuco ester salts:
This subclass is indented under subclass 650. Subject matter
employing derivatives of vat dyes, in the form of soluble
ester salts or their leuco compounds.
(1) Note. For example, a quinionic vat dye reduced to the
hydroquinone form (OH) and esterified with a sulfoated
aromatic compound to solubilize the insoluble vat dye.
Subclass:
652
Sulfur dye (sulfur-organic reaction product dye):
This subclass is indented under subclass 650. Subject matter
involving a sulfur dye.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for a definition of sulfur dye.
Subclass:
653
Indigoid dye:
This subclass is indented under subclass 650. Subject matter
employing natural or synthetic indigo and its derivatives or
analogs (e.g., thioindigo) and which contain essentially the
group -C(=0)-C=C-C(=0)- or its isomers or products converted
to the same in dyeing.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
548, Organic Compounds, subclass 450, 457 459, 464, and 488
for indigoid dye compounds.
549, Organic Compounds, subclass 45 and 52 for
thioloindigoid dye compounds.
Subclass:
654
Basic (cationic) dye containing strongly basic onium or
alkylene imine group:
This subclass is indented under subclass 636. Subject matter
containing a basic dye characterized by a strongly basic
onium group or an alkylene imine group.
Subclass:
655
Heterocyclic onium group, e.g., pyridinium, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 654. Subject matter
containing heterocyclic onium group, e.g., pyridinium dyes,
etc.
Subclass:
657
Basic dye, including diphenylmethane, triphenylmethane,
xanthene, fluorene, methine, acridine, oxazine, phenazine,
flavylium, napthoperinone, quinophthalone, etc.,
group-containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 636. Processes
wherein a basic or cationic dye is used.
(1) Note. See the Glossary for a definition of basic dye.
Subclass:
658
Acid dye form, e.g., with sulfonic acid group, etc.:
This subclass is indented under subclass 657. Subject matter
wherein the basic dye contains an acid or salt group, e.g.,
sulfonate, etc.
Subclass:
659
Methine group:
This subclass is indented under subclass 657. Subject matter
wherein the dye contains a methine group.
Subclass:
661
Phthalocyanine dye:
This subclass is indented under subclass 636. Subject matter
wherein a phthalocyanine dye is used.
Subclass:
662
Axo, acridone, or quinone dye:
This subclass is indented under subclass 636. Subject matter
wherein a dye containing an azo, acridone, or quinone group
is used.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
650 for quinonic vat dyes.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
534, Organic Compounds, subclasses 550+ for the compounds,
per se.
Subclass:
663
Naphtoquinone dye:
This subclass is indented under subclass 662. Subject matter
wherein a napthoquinone dye is used.
Subclass:
664
Stabilized or potential diazo compound:
This subclass is indented under subclass 662. Subject matter
in which a diazo compound stabilized by admixture, or a
stable derivative of a diazo compound or a compound easily
converted to a diazo solution in the dyeing process is
employed.
(1) Note. Includes such compositions as anti-diazo
sulphonates.
(2) Note. Preparation and process for dyeing involving
stable and stabilized amino compounds requiring diazotization
with nitrite to convert the same to diazo compounds, are not
included here but in an appropriate subclass under subclass
666.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
666 for preparation and processes for dyeing involving
stable and stabilized amino compounds requiring diazotization
with nitrite to convert the same to diazo compounds.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
534, Organic Compounds, subclasses 558-565 for the
compounds, per se.
Subclass:
665
Nitrosamine or N-diazo:
This subclass is indented under subclass 664. Subject matter
in which the diazo derivative is a nitrosamine or a
diazo-N-amino (includes imino) compound.
(1) Note. For example, nitrosamine is -N-N=O and N-diazo
is-N-N=N-.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
534, Organic Compounds, subclasses 550-555 for the
compounds, per se.
Subclass:
666
Azo developed on the fiber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 662. Subject matter
wherein an azo dye is prepared on a fiber by a developer
process involving either the application of the amine
followed by the diazotization and coupling on the fibers or
impregnation with either the diazo component or the coupling
component followed by the other in either sequence.
(1) Note. Where the amine is also an azo dye that is further
developed by diazotization on the material, it is also placed
here and not in the direct dyeing subclasses.
Subclass:
667
Nitroaromatic component:
This subclass is indented under subclass 666. Subject matter
wherein one azo dye component contains a nitro group directly
bonded to a carbon of an aromatic ring.
Subclass:
668
Pyrazolone component:
This subclass is indented under subclass 666. Subject matter
wherein one azo dye component is a pyrazolone.
Subclass:
669
Polyazo component:
This subclass is indented under subclass 666. Subject matter
containing a polyazo dye component or a polyazo dye is
formed.
(1) Note. Polyazo (diazo) is a compound containing more than
one -N=N- group.
Subclass:
670
Heterocyclic component:
This subclass is indented under subclass 666. Subject matter
wherein one dye component contains a heterocyclic group.
Subclass:
671
Me-C(=O)-CH-C(=O)- group containing:
This subclass is indented under subclass 666. Subject matter
wherein an azo dye component contains a Me-C(=O)-CH-C(=O)-
group.
Subclass:
672
Dye containing removable solubilizing group, e.g., lactam
radical, etc., or the dye is oxidized to insolubilize:
This subclass is indented under subclass 662. Subject matter
in which an azo dye or derivative thereof is applied followed
by a treatment to render the same insoluble, generally, by
conversion to a more in soluble compound.
(1) Note. For example, conversion to a more insoluble
compound may be by such processes as lactamizing or the
splitting off of a solubilizing group or by oxidation.
Subclass:
673
Dye containing -COOH:
This subclass is indented under subclass 662. Subject matter
wherein a dye contains -COOH groups.
Subclass:
674
Metallized, heavy metal:
This subclass is indented under subclass 673. Subject matter
containing a heavy metal atom.
Subclass:
675
Anthraquinone dye:
This subclass is indented under subclass 662. Subject matter
involving an anthraquinone dye.
(1) Note. For example, included herein are the alizarine
type, amino-anthraquinone, or lactam forming anthraquinone
compounds.
SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
445 for patents restricted to significant printing with
these dyes.
638 for dyeing alternatively with another dye and an
anthraquinone.
650 for anthraquinone dyes of the vat-type.
SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
544, Organic Compounds, subclasses 187+ for anthraquinone
dye compounds.
548, Organic Compounds, subclass 300.4 and 356.5+ for
anthraquinone dye compounds.
Subclass:
676
Sulfonic acid or salt thereof or sulfonamide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 675. Subject matter
containing a sulfonated anthraquinone dye or salt thereof or
sulfonamide group containing anthraquinone dye.
Subclass:
677
Heterocyclic group:
This subclass is indented under subclass 675. Subject matter
wherein an anthraquinone dye contains a heterocyclic group
(on the anthraquinone nucleus).
Subclass:
678
Phenoxy, phenol, mercapto, alkoxy, or thioalkyl group:
This subclass is indented under subclass 675. Subject matter
wherein the anthraquinone dye contains a phenoxy-,
hydroxphenyl, mercapto (-SH), alkoxy, or thioalkyl group.
Subclass:
679
Anilino group on the anthraquinone nucleus:
This subclass is indented under subclass 675. Subject matter
containing an anilino group on the anthraquinone nucleus.
Subclass:
680
Dye containing -(O=)S(=O)-O-, -O(O=)S(=O)-O- or phosphorous
oxide group:
This subclass is indented under subclass 662. Subject matter
wherein a dye contains a -SO3-, -SO4- or other phosphorus
oxide group.
(1) Note. Included herein are sulfonated dyes and salts and
esters thereof.
Subclass:
681
Sulfonated azo:
This subclass is indented under subclass 680. Subject matter
wherein an azo dye contains an -SO3- group.
Subclass:
682
Monoazo:
This subclass is indented under subclass 681. Subject matter
wherein the sulfonated dye contains a single azo group.
Subclass:
683
Monosulfonated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 682. Subject matter
containing monosulfonated monoazo dyes.
Subclass:
684
Heterocyclic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 683. Subject matter
wherein the dye contains a heterocyclic group.
Subclass:
685
Metallized dye, including metallization during dyeing (i.e.,
including in situ forming of metallized dye):
This subclass is indented under subclass 662. Subject matter
containing metallized dyes, i.e., dyes combined with a
metal.
(1) Note. Included herein is combination of dye and metal on
the substrate, i.e., in situ.
Subclass:
686
Heterocyclic:
This subclass is indented under subclass 685. Subject matter
containing a heterocyclic metallized dye.
Subclass:
687
Polyazo dye:
This subclass is indented under subclass 662. Subject matter
containing a polyazo dye.
(1) Note. A polyazo (disazo) dye is a dye containing more
than one -N=N- group. Diazo does not mean polyazo.
Subclass:
688
Six-membered hetero ring having two or more ring hetero atoms
of which at least one is nitrogen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 662. Subject matter
wherein a dye contains a hetero ring having two or more ring
hetero atoms at least one of which is nitrogen.
Subclass:
689
Diazines (including hydrogenated):
This subclass is indented under subclass 688. Subject matter
wherein the hetero ring contains two nitrogen atoms,
including hydrogenated compounds.
Subclass:
690
Five-membered hetero ring having two or more ring hetero
atoms of which at least one is nitrogen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 662. Subject matter
wherein the dye contains a five-membered hetero ring having
two or more ring hetero atoms at least one of which is
nitrogen.
Subclass:
691
Thiazoles (included hydrogenated):
This subclass is indented under subclass 690. Subject matter
wherein at least one of the atoms in the ring besides
nitrogen and carbon is sulfur, including hydrogenated
compounds.
Subclass:
692
Diazoles or triazoles (including hydrogenated):
This subclass is indented under subclass 690. Subject matter
containing a dye having a five-membered ring with at least
two nitrogen hetero atoms therein, including hydrogenated
compounds.
Subclass:
693
-COO-alkyl or -COO-aryl hydrocarbon:
This subclass is indented under subclass 662. Subject matter
wherein the dye contains a -COO-alkyl or -COO-aryl
hydrocarbon group.
Subclass:
694
Aryl-(O=)S(=O)-N-:
This subclass is indented under subclass 662. Subject matter
wherein the dye contains an aryl-SO2-N- group.
Subclass:
695
HO-C-C-N:
This subclass is indented under subclass 662. Subject matter
wherein the dye contains an -N-CCOH group.
Subclass:
696
Carbonyl bonded directly to nitrogen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 662. Subject matter
wherein the dye contains a -C(=O)-N- group.
CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS
The following subclasses are collections of published
disclosures pertaining to various specified aspects of the
dye art which aspects do not form appropriate bases for
subclasses in the foregoing classification (i.e., subclasses
400 - 696), wherein original copies of patents are placed on
another basis. These subclasses may be of further assistance
to the searcher, either as a starting point in searching this
class or as an indication of further related fields of search
inside or outside the class. Thus, there is here provided a
further path of access for retrieval of a limited number of
types of disclosures.
Disclosures are placed in these subclasses for their value as
references and as leads to appropriate main or secondary
fields of search, without regard to their original
classification or their claimed subject matter.
The disclosures found in the following subclasses are
examples, only, of the indicated subject matter, and in no
instance do they represent the entire extent of the prior
art.
Subclass:
900
BASIC EMULSIFIERS FOR DYEING:
Basic emulsifiers are surface active agents which will
neutralize acids and precipitate acid dyes to form solvent
dyes or turn indicator paper to the appropriate color for an
alkaline reagent.
Subclass:
901
Quaternary ammonium salts:
This subclass is indented under subclass 900. Emulsifiers
wherein the emulsifier is a quaternary ammonium salt.
Subclass:
902
COACERVATION OR TWO-PHASE DYEING SYSTEM:
Compositions or dyeing involving coacervation or multiple
phases in dyeing.
Subclass:
903
TRIPLE MIXTURE OF ANIONIC, CATIONIC, AND NONIONIC EMULSIFIERS
FOR DYEING:
Compositions containing anionic, cationic, and nonionic
emulsifiers.
Subclass:
904
MIXED ANIONIC AND NONIONIC EMULSIFIERS FOR DYEING:
Compositions containing both anionic and nonionic
emulsifiers.
Subclass:
905
MIXED ANIONIC AND CATIONIC EMULSIFIERS FOR DYEING:
Compositions containing both anionic and cationic
emulsifiers.
Subclass:
906
MIXED CATIONIC AND NONIONIC EMULSIFIERS FOR DYEING:
Compositions containing both cationic and nonionic
emulsifiers.
Subclass:
907
NONIONIC EMULSIFIERS FOR DYEING:
Nonionic emulsifiers for dyeing such as polyalkylene oxides
and ethers are collected here.
Subclass:
908
ANIONIC EMULSIFIERS FOR DYEING:
Anionic emulsifiers or compositions containing such dyeing,
including phosphates or polyalkylene oxides, dicarboxylic
acids, etc.
Subclass:
909
Sulfonated or sulfated alphatic hydrocarbons:
This subclass is indented under subclass 908. Emulsifiers
including sulfonated or sulfated alphatic hydrocarbons, e.g.,
lauryl sulfate, etc.
Subclass:
910
Soap:
This subclass is indented under subclass 908. Emulsifiers for
dyeing containing soaps, e.g., fatty acid salts.
Subclass:
911
Sulfonated:
This subclass is indented under subclass 910. Soap which are
sulfonated.
Subclass:
912
Arylene sulfonated-formaldehyde condensate or alkyl aryl
sulfonate:
This subclass is indented under subclass 908. Emulsifiers
involving arylene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensate or alkyl
aryl sulfonate.
Subclass:
913
AMPHOTERIC EMULSIFIERS FOR DYEING:
Amphoteric emulsifiers for dyeing, i.e., emulsifiers having
both acid and basic properties.
Subclass:
914
Amino carboxylic acids:
This subclass is indented under subclass 913. Compositions
containing amino carboxylic acids.
Subclass:
915
Amino sulfonic acids:
This subclass is indented under subclass 913. Compositions
containing amino sulfonic acids.
Subclass:
916
NATURAL FIBER DYEING:
Subject matter related to dyeing of natural fiber material.
Subclass:
917
Wool or silk:
This subclass is indented under subclass 916. Subject matter
involving wool or silk.
Subclass:
918
Cellulose textile:
This subclass is indented under subclass 916. Subject matter
involving cellulose textile.
Subclass:
919
Paper:
This subclass is indented under subclass 916. Subject matter
involving dyeing or paper.
Subclass:
920
SYNTHETIC FIBER DYEING:
Subject matter related to dyeing of synthetic fiber.
Subclass:
921
Cellulose ester or ether:
This subclass is indented under subclass 920. Subject matter
involving cellulose ester or ether fiber.
Subclass:
922
Polyester fiber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 920. Subject matter
involving dyeing of polyester fiber material.
Subclass:
923
Halopolyester:
This subclass is indented under subclass 922. Subject matter
wherein the polyester contains a halogen atom.
Subclass:
924
Polyamide fiber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 920. Subject matter
involving dyeing of polyamide fiber.
Subclass:
925
Aromatic polyamide:
This subclass is indented under subclass 924. Subject matter
wherein the polyamide is derived from an aromatic compound.
Subclass:
926
Polyurethane fiber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 920. Subject matter
involving dyeing of a polyurethane.
Subclass:
927
Polyacrylonitrile fiber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 920. Subject matter
involving dyeing of polyacrylonitrile fiber.
Subclass:
928
Polyolefin fiber:
This subclass is indented under subclass 920. Subject matter
involving olefin polymers.
Subclass:
929
CARPET DYEING:
Subject matter involving dyeing of carpet.
Subclass:
930
PRETREATMENT BEFORE DYEING:
Subject matter involving pretreatment of material before
dyeing.
Subclass:
931
Washing or bleaching:
This subclass is indented under subclass 930. Subject matter
involving washing or bleaching.
Subclass:
932
SPECIFIC MANIPULATIVE CONTINUOUS DYEING:
Subject matter involving unusual or detailed manipulative
steps in dyeing.
Subclass:
933
THERMOSOL DYEING, THERMOFIXATION OR DRY HEAT FIXATION OR
DEVELOPMENT:
Dyeing involving thermofixation (dry heat fixation or
development) or thermosol dyeing.
Subclass:
934
HIGH TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE DYEING:
Unusual dyeing processes involving high pressure and
temperature.
Subclass:
935
IMMUNIZATION AS A RESIST IN DYEING:
Subject matter wherein immunization is employed as resist.
Subclass:
936
SOLUBILITY STUDIES ON DYES:
Subject matter concerning solubility of dyes.
Subclass:
937
LI ION IN DYE BATH:
Employment of a Li ion in the dye bath.
Subclass:
938
SOLVENT DYES:
Collection of materials related to the subject of solvent
dyes.
Subclass:
939
NAPHTHOLACTAM DYE:
Subject matter related to naphtholactam dyes.
Information Products Division -- Contacts
Questions regarding this report should be directed to:
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Information Products Division
PK3- Suite 441
Washington, DC 20231
tel: (703) 306-2600
FAX: (703) 306-2737
email: oeip@uspto.gov
Last Modified: 6 October 2000