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Live From Mars ended in December 1997. Please see Mars
Team Online for a more recent project about Mars.
Student Handout for Lesson 1C
Mars Mystery Spot:
Processing the image of Warrego Vallis
In this mini-lesson you will process the image of Warrego Vallis. This
image came from the Viking Orbiter's Mission to Mars.
The information below is about the image you will be using:
Original Image file name=WV/MI40S092.IMG
- Where WV stand for Warrego Vallis
- M stands for the file identity. In this case tiles of a Global map
of Mars called MDIMs ( Mars Digital Image Maps).
- I is the resolution code for this image. This image has a resolution
of (1/256 degrees per pixel) or (.231 kilometers per pixel)
- 40S means this image is centered at 40 degrees south latitude.
- 092 means this image is centered at 92 degrees west longitude.
- IMG is the images graphic file type
NOTE- All longitudes on Mars are measured to the west,
- Launch NIH Image and open the image with file name Warrego.tif
- First, you are going to apply a different group of colors to the
image of Warrego Vallis.tiff. Even though the colors are going to change,
the luminosity values (v) will remain the same. You do this by changing
the Look Up Table (LUT). Go to the menu called Options in the command
line. Go down to the item called Color tables and drag over to the lateral
menu. Go down to the item called Fire-1 and let go.
You have just changed the Lookup Table (LUT) for one of your images.
You can adjust the LUT with the LUT tool in the tools window. IT is
the horizontal line with a vertical arrow sticking out top and bottom
(directly above the upper case A in the NIH Image Tool Box. Click
on this tool and move up and down in the LUT window, noting the changes.
- To prove to yourself that luminosity values do not change when applying
different LUTs (groups of colors), choose one pixel out of your image
and write down its x,y (row and column) and pixel value.
NOTE-remember to use the coordinate tool and the info table to get
your data. You can also use the magnifying tool to make it easy to
see one pixel at a time.
x___
y___
v___
Now go Options to gray scale and remeasure that exact pixel's luminosity.
Write down the values.
x___
y___
v___
Next.....
- Another way to look for features of the Warrego Vallis is to process
the image with the contrast and brightness Map. Like LUT changes, processing
an images contrast and brightness map does not impact the images luminosity
value. But using the Map makes previously hard to see features easy
to see.
- Another way to look for features of the Warrego Vallis is to process
the image with filters. Like LUT changes, filter processing an image
does not impact the images luminosity value.
NOTE- to apply a filter to just one part of your images, select
that part with the rectangle tool. It is the tool to the right of
the magnifying glass in the tools window and looks like a row of marching
ants when applied)
In the program NIH Image you process (filter) images from the "Process"
menu. Experiment with filter options, getting a feel for what tools
give your eyes the most information about the features known as Warrego
Vallis. You can go to the Undo item in the Edit menu in the command
line to undue the last action you took filtering the image.
(NOTE- DO NOT SAVE ANY CHANGES TO ANY IMAGE WHEN CLOSING)
- Now close the image, without saving any changes.
Reopen the image again.
Go to and select "Load Macros" in the "Special" Menu in the command
line.
Select "More Macros" from the Macro folder which should be in your
NIH Image Folder.
You now have a set of macros in the Special Menu in the command
line. One of those macro selections in your Special menu is "ASCII
Dump".
Now select a portion of one image with the rectangle tool, that
is about one millimeter square ( in other words just select a speck
of the image with the rectangle tool). With the selection made, go
to the "ASCII Dump" in the "Special" Menu and let go.
Click once back on the image with your old selection still in place.
Now filter it once from the process menu using the filter of you choice.
Now redue the ASCII Dump and compare the number tables. Is there
a difference?
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