Go to:   Guide to Business History Resources

Index of
Business Incorporations in the United States, 1800-1943

by
George Heberton Evans, Jr.

  Sources cited   |   Table of Contents   |  Catalog record and links to related information from the Library of Congress catalog

INDEX



A

Advertising (fba in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations for, 69
Agriculture (I in Table 19 & App. 4)
    corporations: New Jersey, Ohio, & Pennsylvania, 59, 62
    incorporations for: Maryland, 14; New Jersey, 15, 59-62,
    66; New York, 17; Ohio, 18-9, 59-62, 66; Pennsylvania,
    59-62, 66
Air transportation (cai in Table 19 & App. 4), 
    incorporations for, 72
Aircraft & parts manufacture (bvb in Table 19 & App. 4),
    incorporations for, 72
Alabama, constitutional provision concerning incorp., 11
Amplitude of fluctuations of incorporations
    explanation of variations in, 33, 34
    in number & capital stock, 34, 36-41
    variation with size of incorporation, 42-4, 49
    see also Seasonal variation
Amusements (FD in Table 19 & App. 4)
    incorporations for: Maryland, 14; New Jersey, 15, 66, 68-9;
    New York , 17; Ohio, 18-9, 66, 68-9; Pennsylvania, 68-9
Arizona
    constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11
    dates of series, 2
    nonbusiness incorporations, 2n, 89-90, 90n
    period of inclusion in indexes, 34, 79, 81
    Reports of Corporation Commission, 96
    sources of data, 96
    total incorporations, 32, 96
Arkansas, constitutional provision concerning incorp., 11
Arrows on charts indicate turning points of business, 36
Auditoriums (fdc in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations for, 69
Authorized capital stock
    'adjusted'  36-40, 79n
    and number of incorporations, 3, 36-41, 79n
    as indicator of
    nature of business, 1-2
    relative size 6, 6n, 42, 42n
    average, in Ohio,40
    index of, 34
    total, 37-40
    total and 'adjusted' contrasted, 36-40
    see also Amplitude, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Illinois,
    Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Texas, 
    Virginia 
Automobile & automobile equipment manufacture (BU & bub
    in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations for, 67-8, 69+
Automobile repair (FU in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations
    for: New Jersey, Ohio, & Pennsylvania, 69



B

Bakery products -manufacture (baa in Table 19 & App. 4),
    incorporations for, 69
Banking (GA in Table 19 & App. 4)
    incorporations for: episodes in, 24, 26, 27-8; Maryland, 14,
    20, 26; New Jersey, 15, 20, 27, 69; New York, 17, 20, 26-8;
    Ohio, 18-20, 26, 29, 69; Pennsylvania, 24, 24n, 58-9, 69
BELLAMY, EDWARD, 31
Beverage manufacture (BB in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations for '
    67-8, 69
Big business
    effect on incorporations, 31, 50, 69, 72
    periods of, 49
BLANDI, J. G., 2, 12, 14, 112
BOER, A. E., 7n
Bradstreet's Book of Commercial Ratings, 42, 54-8, 172-5, 172n,
    173n,174n,175n
Brick & tile manufacture (bpa in Table 19 & App. 4), 
    incorporations for, 69
Bridges (ccd in Table 19 & App. 4)
    incorporations for: Maryland, 14, 26; New Jersey, 15, 27;
    New York, 17, 28; Ohio, 18, 19, 29
Building & loan associations (GB in Table 19 & App. 4)
    incorporations for: long waves in, 69, 71-2; Maryland, 14;
    New Jersey, 15, 66, 69, 71; New York, 17; Ohio, 10n, 18-9,
    27, 29, 66, 69, 71-2; Pennsylvania, 66, 69, 71-2, 139-40
BURNS, ARTHUR F., 24n, 76n, 85n, 87
Business cycles
    and incorporations, 1, 3, 24, 31, 75-88
    chronology of ('reference dates'), 24n, 88
    cyclical analysis, 81-8
    see also Episodes in chartering, Long cycles of incorporations,
    Timing
Business services (FB in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations for:
    New Jersey, Ohio, & Pennsylvania, 69
Busses, city & suburban (cad in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations for, 72
Busses, interstate & interurban (cae in Table 19 & App. 4), 
    incorporations for, 72



C

California, constitutional provision concerning incorp., 11
Canals (cam in Table 19 & App. 4)
    incorporations for: in general, 26; Maryland, 14; New Jersey,
    15; New York, 17; Ohio, 18-9, 29.
Capital stock. See Authorized capital stock
Carriers, interstate motor freight (cag in Table 19 & App. 4),  
    incorporations for, 72
Central Statistical Board, 53
Chemicals & allied products manufacture (BM in Table 19 &   App. 4),
    incorporations for, 67-8
Coal mining (AB in Table 19 & App. 4)
    incorporations for: New Jersey, 67; Ohio, 66-7; Pennsylvania, 66-7
COLE, A. H., 1n
Colorado
    capital stock of incorporations, 37, 97-8
    constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11
    dates of series, 2
    incorporations grouped by size, 43-4, 47, 96-7
    incorporations, industrial data, 44, 44n, 53n, 73
    period of inclusion in indexes, 34, 79, 81
    Reports of the Secretary of State, 73, 98
    sources of data, 98
    total incorporations, 32, 43, 96
    trend of incorporations, 47
Combinations and incorporations, 5
    see alsoBig business, 'Trusts'
Commercial & Financial Chronicle, 47, 49n, 72
Communications (CB in Table 19 & App. 4)    
    incorporations for: long waves in, 68, 70, 72; Maryland, 14;
    New Jersey, 15, 68, 70; New York, 17; Ohio, 18-9, 68-70;
    Pennsylvania, 68, 70
Competition between states for corporate chartering, 1, 33
Confectionery manufacture (bab in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations for, 69
Conformity, measures of, 87
Connecticut
    dates of series, 2, 12n
    no constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11n
    nonbusiness incorporations, 89-90, 90n
    period of inclusion in indexes, 34, 79, 81
    sources of data, 99, 100
    total incorporations, 12-3, 32, 98-101
    trend of incorporations, 33
Consolidations & incorporations, 5
    see also Big business, 'Trusts'
Constitutional provisions & incorporation under general laws, 11, 12, 20, 31
    see also each state
Construction (H in Table A & App. 4)
    corporations: New Jersey, Ohio, & Pennsylvania, 59, 62
    incorporations for: long waves in, 3; Maryland; 14; New
    Jersey, 15, 59-62, 66; New York, 17; Ohio, 18-9, 59-62,
    66; Pennsylvania, 59, 62, 66
Corporation Trust Co., 2, 35
Corporations
    abortive
    defined, 4, 4n, 5-6
    frequency, 5-7, 6n
    relation to size of enterprise, 6-7
    business, defined, 1-2
    existing: New Jersey, Ohio, & Pdnnsylvania, 59, 62
    see also Life of corporations
Cycles. See Business cycles, Long cycles
Cyclical patterns
    reference-cycle pattern of total incorporations, 87-8
    specific-cycle patterns of total incorporations, 85-7



D

Dairy products manufacture (baf in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations for,69
DAVIS, JOSEPH S., 2, 10, 16, 16n, 20, 20n, 112, 126
Delaware
    capital stock of incorporations, 364, 103-4
    constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11
    dates of series, 2
    incorporations grouped by size, 43-4, 47, 49, 101-3
    List of Corporations, 104
    nonbusiness incorporations, 89-90, 90n
    period of inclusion in indexes, 34-5, 79, 81
    sources of data, 101, 104
    total incorporations, 32, 37, 43, 101
    trend of incorporations, 3, 31, 33, 49
    very large incorporations, 49
Depressions, effect on incorporations, M, 42, 79, 88
    see also Timing
Dissolutions, voluntary, 6, 9, 9n
    see also Forfeitures of charters
Domestic & personal services (FA in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations
    for: New Jersey, Ohio, & Pennsylvania, 68-9
Drug manufacture (bmc in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations  for, 69
Dun & Bradstreet, 5n
Dun's Review, 5n
Dun's Statistical Review, 35, 35n



E

Electric light & power industry (cca. in Table 19 & App. 4),
    incorporations in, 69, 72, 74
Electric World, 74n
Electrical machinery manufacture (BS in Table 19 & App. 4),
    incorporations for, 67-8
Entrepreneur, activities reflected in incorporations, 1, 41 5,
    27-30, 31, 50, 88
Episodes in chartering
    banks, 24, 26-7
    hypothesis concerning, 27-30
    in general, 3, 33, 35, 72-4
    insurance, 24, 26-7
    mining, 24, 27
    petroleum industry, 33, 72
    railroads, 21, 24, 27
EVANS, G. H., JR., 1n, 27n



F
    
FALKNER, R. P., 34n
Ferries (can in Table 19 & App. 4)
    incorporations for: Maryland, 14; New Jersey, 15; New York,
    17; Ohio, 18-9
Finance (G in Table 19 & App. 4)
    corporations: New Jersey, Ohio, & Pennsylvania, 59, 62
    incorporations for: Maryland, 14; New Jersey, 15, 59-62, 66,.
    69; New York, 17; Ohio, 18-9,59-62,66,69; Pennsylvania,
    59-62, 66, 69
    incorporations in 2-letter categories, 69
Florida
    capital stock of incorporations, 37, 106
    constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11
    dates of series, 2
    incorporations grouped by size, 44, 47, 49, 105
    period of inclusion in indexes, 34, 79, 81
    Reports of Secretary of State, 106
    sources of data, 106
    total incorporations, 32, 104
    trend of incorporations, 47, 49
Food & kindred products manufacture (BA in Table 19 & App. 4),
    incorporations for, 67-8
Footwear manufacture (bfb in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations f or, 69
'Foreign' corporations, 5
Forfeitures of charters
    and number of incorporations, 6-7, 9
    and voluntary dissolutions, 9n
    classified by size of corporation, 6, 91-3
    see also Corporations, abortive
Furniture & finished lumber products manufacture (BI in Table 19 & App.
    4), incorporations for, 67-8



G

Gas producing & distributing (acb & ccb in Table 19 & App. 4)
    incorporations for: in general, 26; Maryland, 14, 26; New
    Jersey, 15, 67; New York, 17; Ohio, 18-9, 66-7, 73; 
    Pennsylvania, 67, 73, 139-0
General incorporation laws
    constitutional provisions necessitating, 11-2, 20, 31
    dominant after 1875, 10
    effect of, in Massachusetts, 75
    incorporations under
    Arizona, 32, 96
    Colorado, 32, 96-8
    Connecticut, 12, 32, 98-101
    Delaware, 32, 101-4
    Florida, 32, 104-6
    Illinois, 32, 107-10
    in general, 3, 10, 31
    Louisiana, 32, 110
    Maine, 12, 32, 111-2
    Maryland, 32, 113-9
    Massachusetts, 12, 32-21, 75, 119-25
    New Jersey, 12, 15, 20, 24n, 27, 32, 60--2, 64-5, 65n, 
    126-32, 156-9
    New York, 12, 16n, 17, 20, 28, 32, 132-3
    Ohio, 12, 19--20, 29, 32, 60-2, 64-5, 65n, 134-9, 161-6
    Pennsylvania, 32-3, 60-2, 64, 64n, 6", 139-43, 166-8
    Texas, 32, 144-9
    Virginia, 32, 149-51
Georgia, constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11 
Gold mining (aad in Table 19 & App. 4)
    incorporations for: Colorado, 73; New Jersey, 66
Golf courses, incorporations for, 50
Government policy, effect upon incorporations, 33
    see also Competition, 'Liberal' incorporation laws
Great Britain
    abortive English companies, 6n
    incorporations in, 35, 75-6
Growth, economic, and incorporations, 1, 72
Growth of incorporations. See Trend



H

Harvard University Committee on Economic Research, 76
Heating apparatus manufacture (bqe in Table 19 & App. 4),
    incorporations for, 69
HEILMAN, A. E., 7n
'High finance', periods of, 49
HOOD, JOHN, 12,15,16,16n, 125
Hotels (faa in Table 19 & App. 4)
    incorporations for: Maryland, 14; New Jersey, 15, 66; New
    York, 17; Ohio, 18-9; rise in, 69
HUTCHINSON, A. R., 7n
HUTCHINSON, RUTH G., 7n



I

Idaho, constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11
Illinois
    amplitude of fluctuations of incorporations, 33
    capital stock of incorporations, 36-7, 40, 108-9
    constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11
    dates of series, 2
    incorporations gro~iped by size, 44, 47, 49, 107-8
    period of inclusion in indexes, 34, 35, 79, 81
    Reports of Secretary of State, 109
    sources of data, 109-10
    total incorporations, 32, 40, 44, 107, 109
    trend of incorporations, 47, 48
Indexes of incorporation
    annual aggregate, 33-5, 35n
    annual median, 33, 33n, 34-5, 35n
    capital stock, 34
    Corporation Trust Co., 35, 76
    in general, 3
    monthly aggregate, 33-4, 35n, 79-82, 84, 85n, 177-9
    monthly median, 35n, 79, 81-5
    New York Journal of Commerce and Commercial Bulletin, 34-5,
    35n, 76
Indiana, constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11
Individual proprietorship, prior to incorporation, 5
    industrial objectives of incorporations
    classification Scheme, 51-3, 58
    criteria for determination of, 12, 16, 20, 50, 53
    difficulties in classifying, 50
    distribution by
     1-letter categories, 59-62, 66-7, 79, 169-70
     2-letter categories, 67-9
     3-letter categories, 69, 72
    full data for 3 States, 153-68
    general treatment, 3, 12-29, 50-74
    number of categories used in classifying, 63-4
    rise of corporations in 3-letter categories, 69, 72
    see also Colorado, Maine, Maryland, 'New', New Jersey, New
    York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Texas; & specific industries
Insurance (GI in Table 19 & App. 4)
    incorporations for: episodes in, 24, 26-8; Maryland, 14, 26;
    New Jersey, 15, 26; New York, 17, 26-8; Ohio, 18-9, 26, 29
Investment opportunities, reflected in incorporations, 1, 4, 5
Iowa, constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11
Iron & steel & their products manufacture (BQ in Table 19 App. 4),
    incorporations for, 67-8



J

JACKSON, CHARLES T., 24n



K

Kansas, constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11
KEASBEY, E. Q., 132
Kentucky, constitutional provision concerning incorp., 11
KESSLER, W. C., 16n



L

LARCOM, R. c., 2, 101
Large incorporations
    and amplitude of fluctuations of incorporations, 3, 42-4, 49
    Colorado, 43-4, 44n, 47, 97
    defined, 42
    Delaware, 43, 47, 49, 102-3
    effect-on total capital stock, 36-40
    Florida, 47, 49, 105
    Illinois, 47, 49, 108
    Maryland, 45, 47, 49, 116
    Massachusetts, 47, 49,122-3
    New Jersey, 35n, 46-9, 129-30
    Ohio, 46-7, 49, 136-7
    Pennsylvania, 47, 49, 141-2
    percentage of total incorporations, 42, 44, 47, 49
    Texas,47,49,146
    trend in, 47, 49
    trend in, capital stock of, 34-5
    Virginia 49, 150
Laundries (fab in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations for, 69
Law, incorporations & changes in private corporate, 33, 75
    see also General incorporation laws, Special charter
'Liberal' incorporation laws, 5, 9, 31, 44, 49, 79
Life of corporations
    life table for Maryland corporations, 7-9
    method of stating length of life, 4n
    Virginia corporations, 9
Local factors, effect on incorporations, 33
Long cycles of incorporations
    dates for, prior to 1875, 10, 12, 31
    explanations for, 21, 27-30, 72
    in industry generally, 27
    see also Amplitude, Building & loan associations, Business
    cycles, Communications, Episodes in chartering, Manufacturing,       
    'Other' public utilities, Public utilities, Rail-
    roads, Street railways, Transportation, Turnpikes
Louisiana
    constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11
    dates of series, 2
    period of inclusion in indexes, 34, 79, 81
    source of data, 110
    total incorporations, 32, 110
Louisiana Business Review, 2, 110



M

MACGREGOR, D. H., 4, 6n, 42n, 44n, 76
Machinery, manufacture, incorporations for except electrical (BT in 
    Table 19 & App. 4), 67-8 
    general industrial (btb in Table 19 &App. 4), 69
    metal-working (btc in Table 19 & App. 4), 69
Maine
    Business Corporations, 110, 112
    constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11
    dates of series, 2
    incorporations, industrial data, 24
    period of inclusion in indexes, 34, 35, 79, 81
    Public Documents, 24
    seasonal variation in incorporations, 87
    sources of data, 110, 112
    total incorporations, 10, 12-3, 32, 77, 110-2
    trend of incorporations, 31, 33
Manufacturing (B in Table 19 & App. 4)
    corporations: New Jersey, 59, 62, 169; Ohio, 59, 62, 169;
    Pennsylvania, 59, 62, 170
    incorporations & business cycles, 78-9
    incorporations for: in general, 20-1; Maryland, 14, 20, 23;
    New Jersey, 15, 202 23, 59-62, 66-8, 78; New York, 17, 20,
    23; Ohio, 10n, 18-20, 23, 59-62, 66-8, 78; Pennsylvania,
    59-62, 66-8, 78
    incorporations in 2-letter categories, 67-8
    long cycles in incorporations for, 21, 21n, 28
MARSHALL, ALFRED, 75A
Maryland
    abortive corporations, 5-7
    capital stock of incorporations, 37, 40, 117-8
    constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11,. 12
    corporation life table, 7-9
    corporations on forfeiture lists classified, 6-7, 91-3
    dates of series, 2
    forfeiture of corporate charters, 6, 6n, 7, 9
    incorporations & business cycles, 75
    incorporations & pre-incorporation data, 4-5
    incorporations grouped by size, 6, 44-5, 47, 49, 93, 114-6
    incorporations, industrial data, 12, 14, 20, 22-6
    period of inclusion in indexes, 34, 79, 81
    Reports of Bureau of Industrial Statistics, 75n, 119
    sources of data, 111, 119
    State Tax Commission, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9n
    tax assessment returns, 4-5,.6
    total incorporations, 12-~-3, 32, 45, 112-3
    trend of incorporations, 33, 472 49
Massachusetts
    Abstracts of Returns of C
    capital stock of incorporations, 40,123-4
    dates of series, 2
    incorporations & business cycles, 75
    incorporations & the 1903 law, 33
    incorporations grouped by size, 44, 47, 49, 120-3
    no constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11
    period of inclusion in indexes, 34, 79, 81
    sources of data, 124-5
    total incorporations, 10, 12-3, 32, 119-20
    trend of incorporations, 47, 49
McGARRY, E. D. 7n
Medium-sized incorporations
    and amplitude of fluctuations of incorporations, 3, 42-4, 49
    Colorado, 43, 97
    defined, 42
    Delaware, 43, 47, 102
    Florida, 47, 105
    Illinois 107-8
    Maryland, 45, 47, 115
    Massachusetts, 47, 121-2
    New Jersey, 46, 47, 128-79
    Ohio, 46, 136
    Pennsylvania, 141
    percentage of total incorporations, 42, 442 47, 49
    Texas, 145-6
    trend for, 47, 49
    Virginia, 150
Merchants' Magazine and Commercial Review, 24
Michigan, constitutional provision concerning incorp., 11
MILLER, WILLIAM, 2, 20, 20n, 21, 21n, 24n, 139
Mining & quarrying (A in Table 19 & App. 4)
    corporations: New Jersey, Ohio, & Pennsylvania, 59, 62
    incorporations for: Colorado, 44, 44n, 73; episodes in, 24, 27;
    in general, 20; Maine, 24; Maryland, 14, 20, 26; New
    Jersey, 15, 20, 24, 27, 59-62, 66-7; New York, 17, 20;
    Ohio, 10n, 18-9, 20, 24, 27, 29, 59-62, 66-7; Pennsylvania,
    59-62,66-7
    incorporations in 2-letter categories, 67
    see also Coal mining, Gas producing & distributing, Gold
Mining, Petroleum industry, Silver mining.
Minnesota, constitutional provision concerning incorp., 11
Mississippi, constitutional provision concerning incorp., 11
Missouri, constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11
MITCHELL, WESLEY c., 24n, 76n, 85n, 87
Montana, constitutional provision concerning incorp., 11
Mortality, corporate. See Life of corporations
Moving averages and elimination of seasonal variation, 36n, 76
Mutual companies, nonbusiness concerns, 2, 2n, 12, 16, 20, 20n



N

Name as criterion of nature of business, 2, 2n .
Nebraska, constitutional provision concerning incorp.,
Nevada, constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11
'New':
    corporations, 5
    fields of corporate enterprise, 31, 63, 64-5
    firms generally, 5n
New Hampshire, no constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11
New Jersey
    capital stock of incorporations, 37, 130-1
    constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11
    corporations in, 59, 62
    Corporations of New Jersey, 49n, 132
    criteria for nonbusiness incorporations, 2n
    dates of series, 1-2
    general incorporation act, 24n
    incorporations grouped by size, 44, 46-7, 127-30
    incorporations, industrial data, 12, 12n, 15, 16, 20, 21n, 22-4,
    24n, 25-7, 53, 59-73, 78-9, 154-91 169
    period of inclusion in indexes, 34, 79, 81
    sources of data, 125-6 1 132
    total incorporations, 10, 10n, 12,-3, 32, 7.7, 125-7
    trend of incorporations, 47, 49
    very large incorporations, 48, 49
    see also Large incorporations
New Mexico, constitutional provision concerning incorp., 11
New York
    constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11
    dates of series, 2
    general in t, 20
    !ncorporati s cycles, 75
    incorporations, industrial data, 16-71 20, 23-8, 50
    period of inclusion in indexes, 34-5, 79, 81, 84
    press releases of Secretary of State, 7n, 50, 75, 76n, 133
    Report of the Department of State, 132, 133
    small incorporations, 7n
    sources of data, 132-3
    total incorporations, 12-3, 32, 132-3
    trend of incorporations, 3, 31, 33
New York Journal of Commerce and Commercial Bulletin, 34-5,
    35n, . 76
New York State Constitutional Convention Committee, 11n
NEWCOMER, MABEL, 7n
Nonbusiness incorporations
    and indexes of business incorporations, 35, 35n
    criteria for, 2, 2n, 16n
    see also Arizona, Connecticut, Delaware, Ohio
Nonpar shares, treatment of, 36
North Carolina, constitutional provision concerning incorp., 11
North Dakota, constitutional provision concerning incorp., 11



O

Objectives of incorporations. See Industrial objectives of 
    incorporations 
Ohio
    capital stock of ine9rporations, 37, 39-40, 137-8
    constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11, 20
    corporations in, 59, 62
    dates of series, 1-2
    incorporations grouped by size, 44 ' 46-7, 49, 135-7
    incorporations, industrial data, 10n, 16, 18-20, 21n, 22-7, 29,
    50, 53, 59-73, 78-9, 160-6, 169
    nonbusiness incorporations, 2n, 89-90, 90n
    period of inclusion in indexes, 34, 79, 81
    Reports of the Secretary of State, 16, 20n, 50n, 64, 64n, 133,       
    138 
    seasonal variation in incorporations, 76
    sources of data, 133, 138-9
    total incorporations, 10, 12-3, 32, 39, 77, 133-5
    trend of incorporations, 33, 47, 49
Oklahoma, constitutional provision concerning incorp., 11
Oregon, constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11
ORTON, EDWARD, 73n
'Other' public utilities (CC in Table 19 & App. 4)
    incorporations for: long waves in, 68, 71-2; Maryland, 14;
    New Jersey, 15, 68, 71; New York, 17; Ohio, 18-9, 68, 71;
    Pennsylvania, 68, 71-2
OXENFELDT, A. R., 5n, 6n



P

Paint manufacture (bma in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations for, 69
Palgrave's Dictionary of Political Economy, 35
Partnership, prior to incorporation, 5
Peaks in business. See Business cycles, chronology of
Peaks in incorporations
    dates for ('specific cycles'), 85
    lead or lag at business peak, 3, 75-6, 79, 85, 87-8
    see also Business cycles, Long cycles, Timing
Pennsylvania
    amplitude of fluctuations of incorporations, 33
    capital stock of incorporations, 37, 142-3
    constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11
    corporations in, 59, 62
    dates of series, 2
    'foreign' corporations, 5
    incorporation data tested, 54-8, 171-5
    incorporations & changes in the law, 33
    incorporations grouped by size, 44, 47, 49, 140-2
    incorporations, industrial data, 24, 24n, 53-74, 78-9, 139,        
    166-8, 170
    List of Charters, 50, 54n, 58, 73, 143, 172, 172n
    Messages of Governor, 74n
    period of inclusion in indexes, 34, 79, 81
    Public Service Commission, 74
    Reports of Banking Commissioner, 58
    Report of Water Supply Commissioners, 73
    sources of data, 139, 143
    total incorporations, 12-3, 32, 77, 139-40
    trend of incorporations, 47, 49
    Water Supply Commission, 73-4
    see also Tests
Petroleum production (AC in Table 19 & App. 4)
    incorporations for: New Jersey, 24, 67; Ohio, 24, 66-7; 
    Pennsylvania, 67, 139-40; Texas, 33, 44, 72-3
Pre-incorporation history, 4-5
Printing, publishing, & allied industries (BK in Table 19 & App. 4),
    incorporations in, 67-8
Public interest, decline in incorporations tinged with, 20, 21,  21n
Public utilities (C in Table 19 & App. 4)
    corporations: New Jersey, Ohio, & Pennsylvania, 59,.62
    incorporations & business cycles, 78-9
    incorporations for: Maryland, 14, 20; New Jersey, 15, 20,
    59-62, 66, 68, 78, 169; New York,- 17, 20; Ohio, 18-20,.59-
    62, 66, 68, 78, 169; Pennsylvania, 59-62, 66, 68, 78, 170
    incorporations in 2-letter categories, 68
    long cycles in incorporations for, 3, 68
    see also 'Other' public utilities
Purposes of incorporation, industrial. See Industrial objectives



Q
Quarrying. See Mining



R

Radio manufacture (bsb in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations  for, 72
Railroads (caa in Table 19 & App. 4)
    incorporations for: episodes in, 21, 24, 27-30; long waves in,
    21, 24, 30, 72; Maryland, 14, 24-6; New Jersey, 15, 24,
    24n, 25, 27; New York, 17, 24-5, 27-8; Ohio, 10n, 18-9,
    24-5, 29, 72
Random movements. See Episodes in chartering
Real estate (GJ in Table 19 & App. 4)
    incorporations for: in general, 26; Maryland, 14, 26; New
    Jersey, 15, 27, 69; New York, 17; Ohio, 18-9, 29, 69;
    Pennsylvania, 69
'Reference dates'. See Business cycles, chronology of
Renewal of charter, treatment of, 2-3
Reorganization, treatment of, 2-3
Reports of the Constitutional Convention Committee, 11n
Review of Economic Statistics, 34, 34n
Rhode Island, no constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11



S

SCHUMPETER, J. A., 1n
Seasonal variation
    computation of index of, 81
    in incorporations, 76, 80
    use of moving averages, 36n, 76
Service (F in Table 19 & App. 4)
    corporations: New Jersey, Ohio, & Pennsylvania, 59, 62
    incorporations for: Maryland, 14; New Jersey, 15, 59-62,
    66, 68-9; New York, 17; Ohio, 18-9, 59-62, 66, 68-9; 
    Pennsylvania,- 59-62, 66, 68-9
    incorporations in 2-letter categories, 68-9
Silver mining (aad in Table 19 & App. 4)
    incorporations for: Colorado, 73; New Jersey, 66
Size, relative
    and New York incorporations, 7n
    and short-lived corporations, 6-7
    classification of incorporations by, 3, 6-7, 42-9
    criterion of, 42
    see also Amplitude, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Illinois,
    Large incorporations, Maryland, Massachusetts, Medium-sized
    incorporations, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Small
    incorporations, Texas, Virginia
Skating rinks, incorporations for, 50
Small incorporations
    and amplitude of fluctuations of incorporations, 3, 33, 42-4, 49
    and new fields of enterprise, 31
    Colorado, 43, 96-7
    defined, 42
    Delaware, 43-4, 47, 101-2
    Florida, 105
    Illinois, 107
    length of life, 7
    Maryland, 45, 47, 114
    Massachusetts, 120-1
    New Jersey, 46-7, 127-8
    Ohio, 46, 13
    Pennsylvania, 140-1
    percentage of total incorporations, 3, 33, 42, 44, 47, 49
    Texas, 144-5
    trend for, 47, 49
    Virginia, 149
South Carolina, constitutional provision concerning incorp., 11
South Dakota, constitutional provision concerning incorp., 11
Special charter, incorporation by
    in general, 3    
    Maine, 12, 110-11
    Maryland, 12, 14, 20, 26, 112
    New Jersey, 12,15, 20, 27, 64-5, 125-6, 154-6
    New York, 12, 17,20, 28, 132
    Ohio, 12, 18, 20, 29, 64-5, 133, 160
    Pennsylvania, , 12, 139
    period of, 10-30, 31
Statistical Abstract for the United Kingdom, 35
Statistical Abstract of the United States, 34
Statistics of Income, 59
Steamboats (cak in Table 19 & App. 4)
    incorporations for: in general, 26; Maryland, 14, 26; New
    Jersey, 15, 26; New York, 17, 28; Ohio
Stock. See Authorized capital stock, Nonpar shares
STOKE, H. W., 132
Stone, clay, & glass products manufacture (BP in Table 19 & App 4)
    incorporations for, 67-8
Stone, sand, and gravel quarrying (ada, in Table 19 & App. Q1
    incorporations for, 69
Street railways (cac in Table 19 & App. 4), a wave of incorporations
    for, 72
Survey of Current Business, 35, 35n



T

Tax assessment returns. See Maryland
Taxicabs (caf in Table 19 & App. 4), incorporations for, 72
Telegraphic communication (cbb in Table 19 & App. 4)
    incorporations for: in general, 26; Maryland, 14; New Jersey,
    15, 26; New York, 17; Ohio, 18-9
Tennessee, constitutional provision concerning incorp., 11
Termination of charter. See Dissolutions, Forfeitures of charters
Tests
    capital stock as index of corporate size, 42, 171-4
    of accuracy of industrial classification, 54-9, 174-5
Texas
    capital stock of incorporations, 37, 38, 147-8
    constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11
    dates of series, 2
    incorporations grouped by size, 44, 47, 49, 144-6
    incorporations, industrial data, 33, 44, 53n, 72-3
    period of inclusion in indexes, 34, 79, 81
    Reports of the Secretary of State, 73, 148
    seasonal variation in incorporations, 76
    sources of data, 148
    total incorporations, 32, 38, 144
    trend of incorporations, 31, 47, 49
Textile-mill products manufacture (BD in Table 19 & App. 4),
    incorporations for, 67-8
THORP, WILLARD L., 24n
THORPE, FRANCIS NEWTON, 11n
Timing
    of incorporations & business cycles, 3, 75-6, 79, 85, 87-8
    of incorporations in different size groups, 44
    number of incorporations & authorized capital stock, 35-6
Trade (D & E in Table 19 & App. 4) ,
    corporations: New Jersey, Ohio, & Pennsylvania, 59, 62
    incorporations for: Maryland, 14; New Jersey, 15, 59-62, 66;
    New York, 17; Ohio, 18-9, 59-62, 66; Pennsylvania, 59-
    62, 64, 64n, 66
Transportation equipment (except automobiles) manufacture (BV in Table 19
    & App. 4), incorporations for, 67-8
Transportation (CA in Table 19 & App. 4)
    incorporations for: long waves in, 68, 70, 72; Maryland, 14;
    New Jersey, 15, 68, 70; New York, 17; Ohio, 18-9, 68,
    70, 72; Pennsylvania, 68, 70
Trend in incorporations
    effect of war on, 31
    hypothesis concerning, 31
    in different industries, 66-9, 72
    in different size groups, 47, 49
    in general, 3, 21, 30-5
    see also Medium-sized incorporations, Large incorporations,
    Small incorporations
Troughs in business. See Business cycles, chronology of
Troughs in incorporations
    dates for ('specific cycles'), 85
    lead at business trough, 3, 76, 79, 85, 87-8
    see also Business cycles, Long cycles, Timing
Trucking & warehousing, local (cah in Table 19 & App. 4),
    incorporations for, 69, 72
'Trusts', incorporation of, 47-9, 50
Turning points in business. See Business cycles, chronology of
Turnpikes (cce in Table 19 & App. 4)
    incorporations for: in general, 21; long waves in, 21, 27-8.
    Maryland, 14, 22; New Jersey, 15, 21n, 22; New York,
    17, 21n, 22; Ohio, 18-20, 21n, 22; Pennsylvania, 21, 21n, 22
    Twelfth Census of the United States, 42n



U

U. S. Census Office, on stock as index of corporate size, 42n
U. S. Office of Internal Revenue, 59
Utah, constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11



V

VANDERBLUE, H. B., 2, 16, 16n
Vermont, constitutional provision concerning incorp., 11
Virginia
    capital stock of incorporations, 37, 150-1
    constitutional provision concerning incorporation, 11
    corporate dissolutions & surrenders of charters, 9
    dates of series, 2
    incorporations grouped by size, 44, 49, 149-50
    life of corporations, 9
    period of inclusion in indexes, 34, 79, 81
    Reports of Corporation Commission, 151
    sources of data, 151
    total incorporations, 32, 149
    trend in incorporations, 49




W

War, effect upon incorporations, 31, 33, 35, 64,66, 72, 85n
Washington, constitutional provision concerning incorp., 11
Waterworks (ccc & water power of ceg in Table 19 & App. 4)
    incorporations for: in general, 26; Maryland, 14, 26; New Jersey,
    15; New York, 17, 26, 28; Ohio, 18-9; Pennsylvania, 72-4
West Virginia, constitutional provision concerning incorp., 11
WILLIAMS, ALBERT, JR., 73n
WILLOUGHBY, WOODBURY, 31n
Wisconsin, constitutional provision concerning incorp., 11
Wyoming, constitutional provision concerning incorp., 11
    

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