Powdery mildew resistance in the first part of the USDA wild barley collection
A. Dreiseitl and Harold E. Bockelman
Agricultural Research Institute, Kromeriz, Czech Republic
and
USDA-ARS, National Small Grains Collection, Aberdeen, Idaho, USA
Introduction. Powdery mildew (Blumeria (=Erysiphe) graminis f. sp. hordei) ranks among important pathogens on barley in Central and Northern Europe, some regions of North America as well as in other regions in the world. In the Czech Republic, powdery mildew is the most common disease on spring and winter barley (Dreiseitl and Jurecka 1996, 1997). It causes losses particularly in grain yield and decreases effectiveness of production of this commodity. Harmful effects of the pathogen may be limited by application of costly fungicides or growing resistant cultivars. The powdery mildew population, however, is very adaptable and after some time, it is able to attack even a resistant cultivar. Therefore, new cultivars should possess new effective resistances which are very rare in cultivated barley. At present, attention is given to seeking new resistances among other sources, particularly wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum ssp. spontaneum) (Jahoor and Fischbeck 1993, Kintzios and Fischbeck 1996). This was also the aim of this study.
Materials and Methods. A total of 575 accessions from the USDA-National Small Grains Collection (NSGC) wild barley collection, Aberdeen were studied (Table 1). The first two samples are designated with five-place PI numbers. The others are listed in an ascendant order according to six-place CI numbers. The samples were tested in the glasshouse (natural light, 15-20 °C) using chosen powdery mildew pathotypes exhibiting high complexity of known virulences. For this procedure eight to ten seeds per sample were sown in pots (60-mm upper diameter) filled with peat moss substrate. After eleven days plants were inoculated at the full primary leaf stage with two powdery mildew pathotypes (2776 + 5177) at an inoculum ratio 1:1 at the same time. Seven days later, infection types (ITs) were scored according to the scale developed by Torp et al. (1978). The higher IT was recorded when various ITs occurred. In the samples which appeared resistant after the first testing, the procedure was repeated twice using two different pairs of pathotypes (4775 + 5777, 7375 + 7532). The samples with no susceptible response (IT 3 and higher) were sown in the field, each in one row with 15 seeds at 5 x 25 cm spacing. During the growing season, the highest natural powdery mildew occurrence was assessed using an estimation of the percentage of pathogen colonies on the most infected leaf. Seed of samples which had shown susceptible responses in the glasshouse were used in other two tests with either pathotype of the lowest complexity of known virulences (6000 and 4404). This enabled us to detect other resistances.
Results. Table 1 shows the lowest and highest IT assessed for each sample (as well as for those with two ITs on different plants in a pot) and field infection. 538 samples (94%) originated in Israel and 393 of them (73%) were resistant. Thirty-four samples originate from other countries. Five of them (15%) were resistant. The origin of two samples is not known, PI 244775 did not germinate. Table 2 shows summary results. When looking for resistance (positive selection of samples with the lowest IT), 483 samples exhibited resistant responses (IT 2-3 or lower) to at least a pair or single of pathotypes used. No resistant response was found in 91 samples (16%) in the glasshouse. Moreover, the frequency of samples in relation to assessed ITs is presented. When looking for susceptibility (negative selection of samples with the highest IT), 398 samples (69%) showed resistance to all six pathotypes (to three pairs of pathotypes) with a high virulence complexity (99% of them come from Israel). Eighty-five samples (15%) possess the resistance which is effective only to one or a few used pathotypes. A total of 84 samples characterized by IT 1 and lower (three ITs of higher resistance) and 314 samples with ITs 1-2 to 2-3 (three ITs with lower resistance). Another 176 samples exhibited one of three ITs which were considered susceptible in this study (IT 3 and higher). Leaves of 25 samples sown in the field did not show any symptoms of powdery mildew infection, in other 93 samples only traces of powdery mildew up to 1% of leaf area were found. In 249 samples powdery mildew occurrence ranged from 1 to 10% and 31 were infected on more than 10% of leaf area.
Discussion. Moseman et al. (1981) pointed out wild barley as a potential source of resistance to powdery mildew and other diseases. The collection we studied showed its richness and diversity in powdery mildew resistance. A number of samples of this collection also exhibited resistance to leaf rust of barley (Yue Jin et al. 1995). This is a result of long-term co-evolution of wild barley and both mentioned pathogens in the Mediterranean region, and particularly in Israel, where most samples originated (Dinoor 1974, Anikster and Wahl 1979). It is apparent that the USDA-NSG collection in Aberdeen provides a sufficient amount of genetic resources for breeding new barley cultivars resistant to powdery mildew and leaf rust. Additional H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum accessions from the USDA-NSGC are scheduled to be evaluated in like manner.
Summary. A total of 575 samples of wild barley were tested in the glasshouse using four to six chosen powdery mildew pathotypes. Resistance to all pathotypes was found in 398 samples (69%) (which were then sown in the field) and resistance to some pathotypes was determined in 85 samples (15%). Ninety-one samples (16%) did not exhibit any effective resistance at the seedling stage. Leaves of 25 samples sown in the field did not show any symptoms of powdery mildew infection. In other 93 samples only traces of powdery mildew up to 1% of leaf area were found. Powdery mildew infection ranging from 1 to 10% was assessed in 249 samples and that exceeding 10% of leaf area in 31 samples. The first part of the collection proved richness and high diversity in powdery mildew resistance of wild barley. Ninety-nine percent of resistant samples originated in Israel.
Acknowledgements. The first author thanks Mrs Dagmar Krejcirova for good technical assistance in preparation and carrying out glasshouse and field experiments. This study was conducted within the grant no. 521/97/0389 of the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic.
References.
Anikster, Y., and Wahl, I. 1979. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 17:367-403.
Dinoor, A. 1974. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 12:413-436.
Dreiseitl, A., and Jurecka, D. 1996. Ochr. Rostl. (Plant Protection)
32:221-229.
Dreiseitl, A., and Jurecka, D. 1997. Ochr. Rostl. (Plant Protection)
33:177-186.
Jahoor, A., and Fischbeck, G. 1993. Pl. Breed., 110:116-122.
Kintzios, S., and Fischbeck, G. 1996. Genet. Res. Crop Evol., 43:25-31.
Moseman, J. D., Baenziger, P. S., and Kilpatrick, R. A. 1981.Crop Sci.,
21:229-232.
Torp, J. et al. 1978. Den Kongelige Veterinaerog Landbohojskole. Arsskrift:75-102.
Yue Jin, Steffenson, B. J., and Bockelman H. E. 1995. Genet. Res. Crop
Evol., 42:1-6.
Table 1. A list of samples, results of glasshouse test [the lowest (L.IT) and highest (H.IT) infection type found] and powdery mildew infection in the field (%) – the first part of the wild barley collection
|
Access.
|
L.IT
|
H.IT
|
%
|
Access.
|
L.IT
|
H.IT
|
%
|
Access.
|
L.IT
|
H.IT
|
%
|
Access.
|
L.IT
|
H.IT
|
%
|
|
15488
|
0
|
4
|
-
|
282597
|
0
|
2-3
|
5
|
282647
|
0
|
1-2
|
25
|
284745
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
15489
|
1-2
|
2
|
30
|
282598
|
2-3
|
4
|
-
|
282648
|
0-1
|
1
|
1
|
284747
|
1-2
|
3
|
-
|
|
212305
|
0
|
4
|
-
|
282599
|
0
|
4
|
-
|
282649
|
0
|
3
|
-
|
284749
|
1-2
|
2-3
|
5
|
|
219796
|
2
|
2-3
|
30
|
282600
|
1
|
2
|
20
|
282650
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
284750
|
0
|
2
|
5
|
|
220341
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
282601
|
2
|
2-3
|
70
|
282652
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
284751
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
|
220523
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
282602
|
2
|
2-3
|
60
|
282653
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
284752
|
0
|
0-1
|
0
|
|
220664
|
2-3
|
4
|
-
|
282603
|
1-2
|
2-3
|
20
|
282654
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
284753
|
1
|
2
|
5
|
|
227019
|
0
|
0-1
|
10
|
282604
|
1
|
1-2
|
5
|
282655
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
284754
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
|
235639
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
282606
|
0
|
1-2
|
5
|
282657
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
284755
|
0
|
1-2
|
1
|
|
244774
|
0
|
4
|
-
|
282607
|
0
|
3
|
-
|
282658
|
0
|
1
|
5
|
284756
|
0-1
|
2-3
|
10
|
|
244775
|
Nongermin.
|
282608
|
3
|
3-4
|
-
|
282659
|
0(4)
|
2
|
1
|
293396
|
2-3
|
3-4
|
-
|
||
|
244776
|
0
|
4
|
-
|
282609
|
2-3
|
4
|
-
|
282660
|
0
|
1-2
|
10
|
293405
|
2-3
|
4
|
-
|
|
244777
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
282610
|
0-1
|
1-2
|
10
|
282661
|
0
|
1-2
|
0
|
296781
|
2
|
2-3
|
5
|
|
244778
|
3
|
3-4
|
-
|
282611
|
2
|
2-3
|
70
|
282662
|
1
|
2-3
|
5
|
296786
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
|
245739
|
0
|
4
|
-
|
282613
|
3
|
3-4
|
-
|
282663
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
296788
|
0
|
1-2
|
0
|
|
245742
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
282615
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
282665
|
0-1
|
2-3
|
5
|
296790
|
1-2
|
2-3
|
5
|
|
253573
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
282617
|
2
|
2-3
|
10
|
282666
|
0
|
1-2
|
0
|
296791
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
|
254894
|
0
|
3
|
-
|
282619
|
1
|
4
|
-
|
282667
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
296792
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
|
268242
|
3-4
|
3-4
|
-
|
282620
|
1-2
|
2
|
5
|
282668
|
0
|
0-1
|
0
|
296793
|
1-2
|
3
|
-
|
|
268243
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
282621
|
0
|
1
|
5
|
282669
|
1-2
|
3
|
-
|
296794
|
1
|
2
|
1
|
|
268244
|
0
|
4
|
-
|
282622
|
2
|
2-3
|
5
|
282670
|
1
|
1-2
|
0
|
296796
|
1-2
|
1-2
|
5
|
|
282572
|
0
|
1-2
|
5
|
282623
|
1
|
4
|
-
|
282671
|
1-2
|
1-2
|
1
|
296797
|
1-2
|
4
|
-
|
|
282573
|
2-3
|
4
|
-
|
282624
|
1-2
|
4
|
-
|
282672
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
296799
|
0
|
2
|
5
|
|
282574
|
1-2
|
3-4
|
-
|
282626
|
2
|
4
|
-
|
282673
|
0
|
1-2
|
1
|
296800
|
0
|
1-2
|
1
|
|
282575
|
0
|
4
|
-
|
282628
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
282674
|
0
|
0-1
|
0
|
296801
|
1-2
|
3-4
|
-
|
|
282576
|
1
|
1
|
40
|
282629
|
3
|
4
|
-
|
282675
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
296802
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
282577
|
0-1
|
2
|
10
|
282631
|
0
|
2
|
5
|
282676
|
0
|
1-2
|
5
|
296803
|
0
|
2-3
|
0
|
|
282578
|
0
|
2
|
20
|
282632
|
0
|
2
|
1
|
282677
|
0-1
|
1-2
|
1
|
296810
|
0
|
0-1
|
0
|
|
282579
|
1
|
4
|
-
|
282633
|
0
|
1
|
5
|
282678
|
1
|
1-2
|
1
|
296811
|
1-2
|
2-3
|
10
|
|
282580
|
0
|
2
|
0
|
282634
|
0
|
4
|
-
|
282679
|
1
|
2-3
|
1
|
296812
|
0
|
2
|
10
|
|
282583
|
0
|
2
|
5
|
282635
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
282680
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
296813
|
0
|
1-2
|
10
|
|
282584
|
2
|
4
|
-
|
282636
|
0
|
1-2
|
10
|
282681
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
296815
|
0
|
0-1
|
1
|
|
282585
|
0(4)
|
2-3
|
5
|
282637
|
1
|
1-2
|
30
|
282683
|
0-1
|
2-3
|
1
|
296816
|
0
|
2
|
0
|
|
282587
|
1-2
|
1-2
|
10
|
282638
|
0
|
2
|
30
|
284737
|
3-4
|
3-4
|
-
|
296818
|
0
|
2
|
1
|
|
282588
|
0-1
|
1
|
10
|
282639
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
284738
|
1-2
|
2
|
1
|
296819
|
1-2
|
3
|
-
|
|
282590
|
1
|
1-2
|
10
|
282640
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
284739
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
296821
|
1
|
2-3
|
3
|
|
282591
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
282641
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
284740
|
2
|
2-3
|
1
|
296825
|
0
|
2
|
0
|
|
282592
|
0
|
0
|
5
|
282642
|
1-2
|
4
|
-
|
284741
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
296826
|
1
|
2-3
|
10
|
|
282593
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
282644
|
0
|
2
|
5
|
284742
|
0-1
|
1-2
|
3
|
296827
|
0
|
1-2
|
0
|
|
282594
|
0
|
0
|
5
|
282645
|
0
|
0-1
|
1
|
284743
|
1-2
|
2
|
5
|
296829
|
0
|
2-3
|
10
|
|
282595
|
0
|
0-1
|
5
|
282646
|
1
|
2-3
|
5
|
284744
|
1-2
|
2
|
5
|
296830
|
1-2
|
2-3
|
10
|
Table 1 continued
|
Access.
|
L.IT
|
H.IT
|
%
|
Access.
|
L.IT
|
H.IT
|
%
|
Access.
|
L.IT
|
H.IT
|
%
|
Access.
|
L.IT
|
H.IT
|
%
|
|
296831
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
296884
|
0
|
1-2
|
5
|
296955
|
3-4
|
3-4
|
-
|
391039
|
1
|
2
|
10
|
|
296834
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
296886
|
0
|
0-1
|
1
|
296956
|
1
|
1-2
|
5
|
391041
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
|
296835
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
296887
|
1-2
|
2
|
5
|
354926
|
1-2
|
2
|
5
|
391044
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
|
296836
|
0-1
|
1-2
|
1
|
296888
|
1-2
|
2-3
|
1
|
354928
|
0-1
|
2-3
|
1
|
391045
|
0
|
2
|
5
|
|
296837
|
1
|
2
|
5
|
296889
|
1-2
|
2-3
|
5
|
354929
|
1-2
|
1-2
|
5
|
391047
|
2
|
4
|
-
|
|
296838
|
0
|
2-3
|
5
|
296892
|
1-2
|
2
|
5
|
354932
|
3
|
4
|
-
|
391048
|
1-2
|
2-3
|
5
|
|
296839
|
0
|
1
|
5
|
296897
|
1-2
|
2-3
|
5
|
354933
|
2-3
|
4
|
-
|
391049
|
1
|
1-2
|
5
|
|
296840
|
0
|
3
|
-
|
296898
|
0
|
1-2
|
1
|
354937
|
0
|
1-2
|
1
|
391058
|
1-2
|
2
|
5
|
|
296841
|
0
|
4
|
-
|
296899
|
1
|
1-2
|
1
|
354947
|
1
|
2-3
|
5
|
391059
|
1-2
|
1-2
|
5
|
|
296842
|
1
|
2-3
|
5
|
296901
|
0-1
|
2
|
1
|
355434
|
1-2
|
2
|
5
|
391060
|
1-2
|
1-2
|
5
|
|
296843
|
2-3
|
4
|
-
|
296903
|
1-2
|
2-3
|
5
|
355435
|
1-2
|
1-2
|
5
|
391061
|
1
|
1-2
|
5
|
|
296845
|
1
|
4
|
-
|
296904
|
1
|
2
|
1
|
355436
|
0
|
0
|
5
|
391062
|
0
|
1-2
|
5
|
|
296846
|
1
|
2-3
|
5
|
296905
|
1
|
2
|
5
|
355437
|
1-2
|
2-3
|
5
|
391065
|
1
|
1-2
|
5
|
|
296847
|
1
|
2-3
|
5
|
296906
|
0
|
2-3
|
1
|
355438
|
0-1
|
2-3
|
5
|
391072
|
1
|
2-3
|
1
|
|
296848
|
2-3
|
4
|
-
|
296907
|
2
|
2-3
|
1
|
355442
|
0
|
4
|
-
|
391073
|
1
|
3
|
-
|
|
296850
|
0
|
1-2
|
5
|
296908
|
0-1
|
2-3
|
5
|
355443
|
1
|
4
|
-
|
391087
|
1-2
|
2-3
|
5
|
|
296851
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
296909
|
0-1
|
2
|
1
|
355444
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
391088
|
1-2
|
1-2
|
5
|
|
296852
|
0-1
|
1-2
|
1
|
296912
|
1-2
|
2
|
5
|
355446
|
1-2
|
4
|
-
|
391092
|
1
|
1-2
|
10
|
|
296853
|
0
|
2
|
1
|
296913
|
0-1
|
2
|
1
|
355447
|
1-2
|
1-2
|
5
|
391095
|
0
|
3-4
|
-
|
|
296854
|
1
|
1-2
|
1
|
296915
|
0
|
4
|
-
|
355449
|
1-2
|
1-2
|
5
|
391098
|
0
|
1-2
|
1
|
|
296855
|
2
|
4
|
-
|
296916
|
2
|
2-3
|
5
|
355451
|
1
|
2
|
1
|
391101
|
0
|
1-2
|
1
|
|
296856
|
1-2
|
2-3
|
1
|
296919
|
1
|
2
|
1
|
366431
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
391103
|
1
|
2-3
|
1
|
|
296859
|
0
|
1-2
|
5
|
296920
|
1-2
|
1-2
|
5
|
391001
|
1
|
2
|
5
|
391104
|
1
|
1-2
|
5
|
|
296860
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
296921
|
1
|
1-2
|
1
|
391002
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
391106
|
0
|
4
|
-
|
|
296861
|
0
|
2
|
1
|
296922
|
1-2
|
4
|
-
|
391003
|
0
|
1-2
|
5
|
391108
|
0
|
4
|
-
|
|
296862
|
1
|
2-3
|
5
|
296926
|
1
|
2-3
|
5
|
391006
|
1-2
|
2
|
1
|
391111
|
1
|
2-3
|
20
|
|
296863
|
0
|
2-3
|
1
|
296928
|
0-1
|
2
|
5
|
391007
|
1-2
|
1-2
|
5
|
391121
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
|
296864
|
0
|
2
|
1
|
296931
|
0
|
4
|
-
|
391008
|
1-2
|
1-2
|
5
|
391123
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
|
296865
|
2
|
2
|
1
|
296932
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
391009
|
1-2
|
2
|
10
|
391128
|
0
|
1-2
|
1
|
|
296866
|
1
|
1
|
5
|
296933
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
391010
|
1-2
|
2
|
20
|
391131
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
|
296867
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
296934
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
391011
|
1-2
|
2
|
10
|
391132
|
3
|
4
|
-
|
|
296869
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
296935
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
391013
|
0-1
|
1-2
|
1
|
391133
|
3
|
4
|
-
|
|
296870
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
296941
|
0
|
1-2
|
1
|
391015
|
1-2
|
2
|
5
|
391134
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
|
296872
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
296942
|
0
|
1-2
|
10
|
391017
|
1
|
2-3
|
5
|
391135
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
|
296873
|
0
|
1-2
|
5
|
296944
|
0
|
1-2
|
5
|
391018
|
3-4
|
3-4
|
-
|
391136
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
|
296874
|
1
|
2
|
5
|
296945
|
0
|
1-2
|
1
|
391019
|
1
|
2
|
5
|
401367
|
2-3
|
4
|
-
|
|
296875
|
1
|
1-2
|
5
|
296946
|
0-1
|
1
|
10
|
391024
|
1
|
1-2
|
20
|
401368
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
|
296877
|
0
|
0-1
|
1
|
296947
|
1
|
1-2
|
5
|
391025
|
1
|
1-2
|
10
|
401369
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
|
296878
|
0
|
1-2
|
1
|
296951
|
3-4
|
3-4
|
-
|
391028
|
1
|
1-2
|
10
|
401370
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
|
296879
|
2-3
|
2-3
|
5
|
296952
|
0
|
3
|
-
|
391030
|
1-2
|
2
|
10
|
405141
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
296880
|
0-1
|
4-1
|
-
|
296953
|
1-2
|
2-3
|
1
|
391031
|
1-2
|
2
|
10
|
405142
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
|
296882
|
0
|
2
|
1
|
296954
|
1-2
|
2-3
|
1
|
391038
|
1-2
|
1-2
|
5
|
405144
|
1
|
1-2
|
5
|
Table 1 continued
|
Access.
|
L.IT
|
H.IT
|
%
|
Access.
|
L.IT
|
H.IT
|
%
|
Access.
|
L.IT
|
H.IT
|
%
|
Access.
|
L.IT
|
H.IT
|
%
|
|
405146
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
405200
|
1
|
2
|
5
|
405300
|
0
|
1-2
|
5
|
405398
|
1
|
2-3
|
5
|
|
405147
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
405201
|
0
|
1-2
|
5
|
405301
|
0
|
1-2
|
5
|
405399
|
1-2
|
2
|
5
|
|
405148
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
405202
|
0
|
2
|
5
|
405304
|
0-1
|
1-2
|
5
|
405400
|
0
|
2
|
5
|
|
405149
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
405203
|
1-2
|
2
|
5
|
405305
|
0-1
|
1-2
|
5
|
405401
|
1-2
|
2-3
|
5
|
|
405151
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
405204
|
0-1
|
1-2
|
5
|
405306
|
1-2
|
4
|
-
|
405406
|
1-2
|
2
|
10
|
|
405152
|
0
|
0-1
|
1
|
405205
|
0
|
1-2
|
5
|
405308
|
0
|
1
|
5
|
405408
|
0
|
0-1
|
5
|
|
405153
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
405206
|
0
|
1-2
|
5
|
405311
|
0
|
2-3
|
5
|
465987
|
0
|
4
|
-
|
|
405154
|
1
|
2
|
10
|
405207
|
1-2
|
2-3
|
10
|
405315
|
1
|
2
|
5
|
465990
|
1
|
1
|
10
|
|
405155
|
1-2
|
2
|
5
|
405208
|
1-2
|
2-3
|
10
|
405321
|
0
|
1
|
5
|
466024
|
2
|
2-3
|
20
|
|
405156
|
1
|
1-2
|
5
|
405209
|
1-2
|
2
|
5
|
405323
|
1-2
|
2
|
5
|
466271
|
0
|
0
|
5
|
|
405157
|
1
|
1-2
|
5
|
405210
|
1
|
2-3
|
5
|
405327
|
0
|
2-3
|
5
|
466273
|
0
|
0
|
5
|
|
405163
|
1-2
|
3
|
-
|
405211
|
1-2
|
2
|
5
|
405328
|
0
|
2
|
5
|
466274
|
0
|
1
|
5
|
|
405164
|
1
|
1-2
|
5
|
405212
|
1
|
1-2
|
5
|
405329
|
1-2
|
2
|
5
|
466276
|
0
|
0
|
10
|
|
405165
|
1-2
|
3
|
-
|
405213
|
1-2
|
2
|
5
|
405330
|
1-2
|
2
|
5
|
466278
|
0
|
1-2
|
5
|
|
405166
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
405214
|
1-2
|
2
|
5
|
405331
|
1-2
|
2-3
|
5
|
466283
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
405167
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
405215
|
1-2
|
2-3
|
5
|
405332
|
1-2
|
2-3
|
5
|
466285
|
1-2
|
2-3
|
10
|
|
405168
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
405216
|
0
|
2-3
|
5
|
405333
|
1-2
|
2-3
|
5
|
466288
|
0
|
3-4
|
-
|
|
405169
|
1
|
1-2
|
5
|
405217
|
1
|
2-3
|
5
|
405334
|
1-2
|
2-3
|
5
|
466291
|
0
|
2-3
|
0
|
|
405171
|
1
|
1-2
|
5
|
405218
|
1-2
|
2-3
|
5
|
405336
|
0
|
1-2
|
5
|
466294
|
0
|
2
|
5
|
|
405172
|
1-2
|
1-2
|
5
|
405219
|
1-2
|
2-3
|
5
|
405337
|
0(4)
|
2-3
|
5
|
466295
|
0
|
2-3
|
10
|
|
405173
|
2-3
|
3
|
-
|
405220
|
2
|
2-3
|
5
|
405338
|
1-2
|
2-3
|
5
|
466296
|
1
|
2
|
5
|
|
405174
|
1-2
|
2-3
|
5
|
405233
|
0
|
3
|
-
|
405339
|
1
|
1-2
|
1
|
466298
|
0-1
|
2
|
10
|
|
405175
|
1-2
|
2-3
|
5
|
405234
|
2-3
|
3
|
-
|
405341
|
1-2
|
1-2
|
10
|
466303
|
0
|
4
|
-
|
|
405176
|
1-2
|
2-3
|
5
|
405235
|
2-3
|
3
|
-
|
405342
|
1-2
|
1-2
|
10
|
466305
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
|
405177
|
0
|
1-2
|
5
|
405236
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
405345
|
1
|
2
|
10
|
466307
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
|
405178
|
1
|
1-2
|
5
|
405237
|
3
|
3-4
|
-
|
405349
|
1-2
|
2-3
|
10
|
466308
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
|
405179
|
1
|
2
|
5
|
405238
|
1
|
2-3
|
5
|
405350
|
0
|
2-3
|
5
|
466309
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
|
405180
|
0
|
2
|
10
|
405256
|
1
|
1-2
|
5
|
405353
|
1-2
|
2-3
|
10
|
466311
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
|
405181
|
1-2
|
1-2
|
1
|
405259
|
1
|
1
|
5
|
405354
|
1-2
|
2-3
|
5
|
466312
|
3
|
4
|
-
|
|
405182
|
1-2
|
3
|
-
|
405262
|
0
|
1-2
|
10
|
405356
|
1
|
1-2
|
10
|
466313
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
|
405183
|
3
|
4
|
-
|
405271
|
0
|
1-2
|
5
|
405357
|
0
|
1
|
5
|
466316
|
0
|
2
|
10
|
|
405184
|
0
|
0-1
|
5
|
405274
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
405358
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
466317
|
0
|
4
|
-
|
|
405186
|
2
|
2-3
|
20
|
405276
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
405359
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
466318
|
0
|
2
|
20
|
|
405187
|
1
|
1
|
5
|
405279
|
0
|
4
|
-
|
405364
|
1-2
|
2-3
|
5
|
466319
|
0
|
4
|
-
|
|
405188
|
0
|
0
|
5
|
405280
|
3
|
4
|
-
|
405365
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
466320
|
1
|
4
|
-
|
|
405189
|
1
|
1-2
|
10
|
405282
|
0
|
4
|
-
|
405381
|
1
|
2
|
5
|
466321
|
0
|
2
|
10
|
|
405190
|
0
|
2
|
5
|
405283
|
1
|
4
|
-
|
405382
|
1
|
1-2
|
5
|
466322
|
0
|
1-2
|
10
|
|
405192
|
1
|
1-2
|
5
|
405284
|
2
|
4
|
-
|
405383
|
1
|
1-2
|
5
|
466323
|
0
|
1-2
|
10
|
|
405195
|
0
|
0
|
5
|
405289
|
3-4
|
4
|
-
|
405385
|
1
|
1-2
|
20
|
466324
|
0
|
1-2
|
10
|
|
405196
|
1
|
1-2
|
20
|
405292
|
2
|
4
|
-
|
405386
|
1
|
2
|
10
|
466325
|
0
|
0
|
10
|
|
405197
|
1-2
|
2-3
|
10
|
405296
|
2-3
|
3
|
-
|
405387
|
1-2
|
2-3
|
5
|
466346
|
1
|
3
|
-
|
|
405198
|
1-2
|
2
|
20
|
405298
|
0
|
1-2
|
20
|
405388
|
1
|
2
|
30
|
466348
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
|
405199
|
1
|
2
|
20
|
405299
|
0
|
1-2
|
5
|
405397
|
2
|
2-3
|
5
|
466349
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
Table 1 continued
|
Access.
|
L.IT
|
H.IT
|
%
|
Access.
|
L.IT
|
H.IT
|
%
|
Access.
|
L.IT
|
H.IT
|
%
|
Access.
|
L.IT
|
H.IT
|
%
|
|
466350
|
0
|
2
|
10
|
466428
|
0
|
2
|
50
|
466499
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
466563
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
|
466351
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
466429
|
0
|
1-2
|
1
|
466509
|
2-3
|
4
|
-
|
466564
|
0
|
1-2
|
10
|
|
466354
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
466430
|
0
|
2
|
5
|
466513
|
0
|
1-2
|
5
|
466565
|
0(4)
|
2-3
|
5
|
|
466357
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
466431
|
0
|
0
|
5
|
466514
|
0
|
0
|
10
|
466568
|
0
|
1
|
5
|
|
466366
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
466432
|
2-3
|
4
|
-
|
466516
|
0(4)
|
2-3
|
10
|
466570
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
|
466367
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
466434
|
1
|
1-2
|
5
|
466520
|
0(4)
|
2-3
|
5
|
466571
|
3-4
|
3-4
|
-
|
|
466369
|
2
|
2-3
|
5
|
466435
|
1-2
|
2-3
|
5
|
466522
|
0(4)
|
2-3
|
5
|
466572
|
1
|
1-2
|
1
|
|
466373
|
1
|
1-2
|
5
|
466436
|
0
|
2
|
5
|
466524
|
0
|
1-2
|
0
|
466573
|
2-3
|
4
|
-
|
|
466374
|
2-3
|
4
|
-
|
466442
|
1-2
|
2
|
20
|
466525
|
0
|
2-3
|
10
|
466577
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
|
466372
|
0
|
1-2
|
10
|
466446
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
466526
|
2-3
|
3
|
-
|
466606
|
3
|
4
|
-
|
|
466376
|
1
|
2-3
|
30
|
466463
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
466528
|
3
|
4
|
-
|
466627
|
0
|
1-2
|
10
|
|
466377
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
466477
|
0(4)
|
4
|
-
|
466529
|
0
|
2-3
|
10
|
466630
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
|
466405
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
466481
|
0(4)
|
4
|
-
|
466535
|
0
|
3
|
-
|
466631
|
3-4
|
3-4
|
-
|
|
466407
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
466482
|
2
|
4
|
-
|
466545
|
0
|
0
|
5
|
466686
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
|
466409
|
0
|
2
|
30
|
466483
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
466547
|
0
|
0
|
5
|
466688
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
|
466421
|
2
|
4
|
-
|
466485
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
466549
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
466691
|
0(4)
|
2-3
|
20
|
|
466422
|
0(4)
|
2-3
|
40
|
466487
|
4
|
4
|
-
|
466555
|
1-2
|
1-2
|
1
|
466692
|
1-2
|
4
|
-
|
|
466423
|
1-2
|
2
|
40
|
466494
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
466556
|
1
|
2
|
1
|
Table 2. A number of samples of Hordeum spontaneum with the lowest (nL) and highest (nH) infection type (IT) in the glasshouse and with a percentage of field infection (nF)
|
IT
|
nL
|
nH
|
|
||||||
|
0
|
1
|
5
|
10
|
20
|
50
|
50<
|
|||
|
0
|
212
|
37
|
9
|
15
|
10
|
3
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
0-1
|
25
|
13
|
4
|
5
|
3
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
1
|
98
|
34
|
1
|
17
|
12
|
3
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
|
1-2
|
104
|
118
|
6
|
25
|
60
|
21
|
4
|
2
|
0
|
|
2
|
24
|
95
|
3
|
18
|
45
|
16
|
7
|
6
|
0
|
|
2-3
|
20
|
101
|
2
|
13
|
59
|
16
|
5
|
3
|
3
|
|
sumR
|
483
|
398
|
25
|
93
|
189
|
60
|
16
|
12
|
3
|
|
3
|
13
|
21 | |||||||
|
3-4
|
8
|
16 | |||||||
|
4
|
70
|
139 | |||||||
|
sumS
|
91
|
176 | |||||||