Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) Program
Bachmann, S.A., 1994, Hydrology of a subalpine wetland complex in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado: Fort Collins, Colorado, Colorado State University, M.S., 146 p.
Baron, J.S., and Campbell, D.H., 1997, Nitrogen fluxes in a high elevation Colorado Rocky Mountain basin: Hydrological Processes, v. 11, p. 783-799.
Battaglin, W.A., Kendall, C., Chang, C.C.Y, Campbell, D.H., and Silva, S.R., 2001, Isotopic and Chemical Evidence for Denitrification or Other Nitrogen Loss in the Mississippi River, 1997-1998, Hydrological Processes 15: 1285-1300.
Battaglin, W.A., Kendall, C., Chang, C.C.Y., Silva, S.R., and Campbell, D.H., 2001, Isotopic and chemical composition of inorganic and organic samples from the Mississippi River basin, 1997-1998, U.S. Geological Survey Water- Resources Investigation Report 01-4095.
Brock, C., 1997, Sulfur isotope methods as an approach to sulfur dynamics in a subalpine wetland, Loch Vale Watershed: Fort Collins, Colorado State University, M.S., 66 p.
Brooks, P.D., Campbell, D.H., Tonnessen, K.A., and Heuer, K., 2000, Natural variability in N export from headwater catchments: snow cover controls on ecosystem N retention, Hydrological Processes 13: 2191-2201.
Campbell, D.H., 2003, Atmospheric deposition and its effects in the Intermountain West, in Acid Rain: Are the Problems Solved? Proceedings of the conference, May 2-3, 2001, Washington D.C., J. White ed., American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD, 250p.
Campbell, D.H., Baron, J., Tonnessen, K. A., Brooks, P.D., and Schuster, P.F., 2000, Controls on nitrogen flux in alpine/subalpine watersheds of Colorado, Water Resources Research 36: 37-47.
Campbell, D.H., Clow, D.W., Ingersoll, G.P., Mast, M.A., Spahr, N.E., and Turk, J.T., 1995a, Nitrogen deposition and release in alpine watersheds, Loch Vale, Colorado, U.S.A., in Tonnessen, K., Williams, M., and Tranter, M., eds., Biogeochemistry of Seasonally Snow-covered Catchments: Boulder, Colorado, International Association of Hydrological Sciences, p. 243-253.
Campbell, D.H., Clow, D.W., Ingersoll, G.P., Mast, M.A., Spahr, N.E., and Turk, J.T., 1995b, Processes controlling the chemistry of two snowmelt-dominated streams in the Rocky Mountains: Water Resources Research, v. 31, no. 11, p. 2811-2821.
Campbell, D.H., Kendall, C., Chang, C.C.Y., Silva, S.R., and Tonnessen, K.A., 2002, Pathways for nitrate release from an alpine watershed: determination using d15N and d18O, Water Resources Research 38 (5) 10.1029/2001WR000294.
Campbell, D.H., E. Muths, J.T. Turk, and P.S. Corn, 2004, Sensitivity to acidification of sub-alpine ponds and lakes in Northwestern Colorado, Hydrological Processes 18: 2817-2834.
Campbell, D.H. and Turk, J.T., 1988, Effects of sulfur dioxide emissions on stream chemistry in the Western United States: Water Resources Research, v. 24, no. 6, p. 871-878.
Campbell, D.H., and Turk, J.T., 1990, Controls on precipitation sulfate in Colorado: in Proceedings of the International Mountain Watershed Symposium, Lake Tahoe, Nevada June 8-10, 1988, Tahoe resource conservation district, South Lake Tahoe, CA, p. 350-359.
Campbell, D.H., Turk, J.T., and Spahr, N.E., 1991, Response of Ned Wilson Lake Watershed, Colorado, to changes in atmospheric deposition of sulfate: Water Resources Research v. 27, no. 8 p. 2047-2060.
Chang, C.C.Y., Langstrom, J., Riggs, M., Campbell, D.H., Silva, S.R., and Kendall, C., 1999, A method for nitrate collection for d15N and d18O analysis for dilute waters, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 56:1856-1864.
Chang, C.C.Y., Kendall, C., Silva, S.R., Battaglin, W.A., and Campbell, D.H., 2002, Nitrate stable isotopes: tools for determining nitrate sources among different land uses in the Mississippi River Basin. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 59: 1874-1885.
Clements, S., 2001, Spatial and temporal variations of bulk snow properties and stream water chemistry in an alpine/subalpine watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park, Fort Collins, Colorado, Colorado State University, M.S. thesis, 314 p.
Clow, D.W., 1992, Weathering rates from field and laboratory experiments on naturally weathered soils: University of Wyoming, Laramie, Ph.D. Dissertation, 116 p.
Clow, D.W., Campbell, D.H., Mast, M.A., Striegl, R.G., and Wickland, K.P., 2000, Loch Vale, Colorado-- A Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets Program Site: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 164-99.
Clow, D.W., and Drever, J.I., 1996, Weathering rates as a function of flow through an alpine soil: Chemical Geology, v. 132, p. 131-141.
Clow, D.W., and Ingersoll, G.I., 1994, Particulate carbonate matter in snow from selected sites in the south-central Rocky Mountains: Atmospheric Environment, v. 28, no. 4, p. 575-584.
Clow, D.W., G.P. Ingersoll, M.A. Mast, J.T. Turk, and D.H. Campbell, 2002, Comparison of snowpack and winter wet-deposition chemistry in the Rocky Mountains, USA: Implications for winter dry deposition, Atmospheric Environment
Clow, D.W., and Mast, M.A., 1995, Composition of precipitation, bulk deposition, and runoff at a granitic bedrock catchment in the Loch Vale Watershed, Colorado, USA, in Tonnessen, K.A., Williams, M.W., and Tranter, M., eds., Biogeochemistry of seasonally snow-covered catchments, Boulder, Colorado, International Association of Hydrological Sciences, p. 235-242.
Clow, D.W., Mast, M.A., Bullen, T.D., and Turk, J.T., 1997, 87Sr/86Sr as a tracer of mineral weathering reactions and calcium sources in an alpine/subalpine watershed, Loch Vale, Colorado: Water Resources Research, v. 33, no. 6, p. 1335-1351.
Clow, D.W., Schrott, L., Webb, R.M., Campbell, D.H., and Dornblaser, M.M., 2003, Groundwater occurrence and contributions to streamflow in an alpine catchment, Colorado Front Range, USA: Ground Water, v. 41, no. 7, p. 937-950.
Clow, D.W., Sickman, J.O., Striegl, R.G., Krabbenhoft, D.P., Elliott, J.G., Dornblaser, M.M., Roth, D.A., and Campbell, D.H., 2003, Changes in the chemistry of lakes and precipitation in high-elevation National Parks in the western United States, 1985-99: Water Resources Research, v. 39, no. 6, p. 1171, doi: 10.1029/2002WR001533.
Clow, D.W., Striegl, R.G., Nanus, L., Mast, M.A., Campbell, D.H., Krabbenhoft, D.P., 2002, Chemistry of selected high-elevation lakes in seven national parks in the western United States, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, Focus 2:139-164..
Clow, D.W., and J.K. Sueker, 2000, Relations between basin characteristics and solute concentrations in alpine/subalpine basins in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, Water Resources Research, 36:49-61.
Drever, J.I., and Clow, D.W., 1995, Weathering rates in catchments, in Brantley, S., and White, A., eds., Chemical Weathering Rates of Silicate Minerals: Reviews in Mineralogy: Washington, DC, Mineralogical Society of America, p. 463-483.
Drever, J.I., Murphy, K.M., and Clow, D.W., 1994, Field weathering rates versus laboratory dissolution rates--An update: Mineralogical Magazine, v. 58A, p. 239-240.
Hauer, F.R., Baron, J.S., Campbell, D.H., Fausch, K.D., Hostetler, S.W., Leavesley, G.H., Leavitt, P.R., McKnight, D.M., and Stanford, J.A.,1997, Assesment of climate change and freshwater ecosystems of the Rocky Mountains, USA and Canada: Hydrological Processes, v. 11, p.903-924.
Heuer, K., Tonnessen, K.A., Ingersoll, G.P., 2000, Comparison of precipitation chemistry in the Central Rocky Mountains, Colorado, USA, Atmospheric Environment 34, pp. 1713-1722.
Hirsch, R.M., 1998, Small Watershed Investigations in the U.S. Geological Survey: [abs] EOS, Transactions American Geophysical Union, v. 79, S124.
Ingersoll, G.P., 1995a, Estimating snowmelt contribution to the seasonal water balance in a small alpine watershed: Boulder, Univ. of Colorado, Master's Thesis, 137 p.
Ingersoll, G.P., 1995b, Maximum-accumulation snowpack chemistry at selected sites in northwestern Colorado during Spring 1994: Denver, Colorado, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File 95-139, 14 p.
Ingersoll, G.P., 1996, Snowpack chemistry at selected sites in northwestern Colorado during Spring 1995: Denver, Colorado, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File 96-411, 16 p.
Ingersoll, G.P., 1999, Effects of snowmobile use on snowpack chemistry in Yellowstone National Park, 1998, U.S. Geological Survey Water Resources Investigation Report 99-4148, 23 p.
Ingersoll, G.P., 2000, Snowpack chemistry at selected sites in Colorado and New Mexico during winter 1999-2000, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-394, 9 p.
Ingersoll, G.P., Tonnessen, K.A., Campbell, D.H., Glass, B.R., Torizzo, A.O., 2000, Comparing bulk-deposition chemistry to wetfall chemistry in and near Rocky Mt. National Park, Colorado, Proceedings of the Air and Waste Management Association's 93rd Annual Conference, Salt lake City, Utah, June 18-22, 2000, CD-ROM, 18 p.
Ingersoll, G.P., Turk, J.T., Mast, M.A., Clow, D.W., Campbell, D.H., and Bailey, Z.C., 2002, Rocky Mountain Snowpack Chemistry Network: History, Methods, and the Importance of monitoring mountain ecosystems, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 01-466, 14 p.
Inyan, B.J., Williams, M.W., Tonnessen, K.A., Turk, J.T., and Campbell, D.H., 1998, Seasonal inorganic nitrogen release in alpine lakes on the Colorado Western Slope, Physical Geography 19: 406-420.
Johnson, C.A., M.A. Mast, and C.L. Kester, 2001, Use of 17O/18O to trace atmospherically-deposited sulfate in surface waters: a case study in alpine watersheds in the Rocky Mountains, Geophysical Research Letters (in press).
Kendall, C., Battaglin, W.A., Cabana, G., Chang, C.C.Y., Silva, S.R., Porter, S.G., Goolsby, D.A., Campbell, D.H., Hooper, R.P., and Schmitt, C.J., 1999, Isotopic tracing of nitrogen sources and cycling in the Missississippi River Basin, Morganwalp, D.W., and Buxton, H.T., eds., U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program--Proceedings of the Technical Meeting, Charleston, South Carolina, March 8-12, 1999, U.S. Geological Survey Water- Resources Investigation Report 99-4018A.
Kendall, C., Campbell, D.H., Burns, D.A., Silva, S.R., Chang, C.C.Y., and Shanley, J.B., 1995a, Tracing sources of nitrate in snowmelt runoff using the oxygen and nitrogen isotopic compositions of nitrate, in Tonnessen, K., Williams, M., and Trantner, M., eds., Biogeochemistry of Seasonally Snow-covered Catchments: Boulder, Colorado, International Association of Hydrological Sciences, p. 339-348.
Kendall, C., Silva, S.R., Chang, C.C.Y., Burns, D.A., Campbell, D.H., and Shanley, J.B., 1995b, Use of the d18O and d15N of nitrate to determine sources of nitrate in early spring runoff in forested catchments, in International Atomic Energy Agency Symposium, Vienna, Austria, IAEA, p. 167-176.
Krabbenhoft, D.P., Olson, M.L., Dewild, J.F., Clow, D.W., Striegl, R.G., Dornblaser, M.M., and VanMetre, P., 2002, Mercury loading and methylmercury production and cycling in high-altitude lakes from the western United States, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution Focus 2: 233-249.
Landers, D.H., S.L. Simonich, D.H. Campbell, M.M. Erway, L.H. Geiser, D.A. Jaffe, M.L. Kent, C.B.Schreck, T.F. Blett, and H.E. Taylor. 2003. Western Airborne Contaminants Assessment Project Research Plan. EPA/600/R-03/035. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, NHEERL, Western Ecology Division, Corvallis, Oregon.
Lins, H.F., 1994, Recent directions taken in water, energy, and biogeochemical budget research: EOS transactions, v. 75, no. 38, p. 433, 438-439.
Mast, M.A., 1989, A laboratory and field study of chemical weathering with special reference to acid deposition: Laramie, Univ. Wyoming, Ph.D. Dissertation, 174 p.
Mast, M.A., 1992, Geochemical characteristics, in Baron, J.S., ed., Biogeochemistry of an Alpine Ecosystem: New York, Springer-Verlag, p. 93-107.
Mast, M.A., Drever, J.I., and Baron, J.S., 1990, Chemical weathering in the Loch Vale watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado: Water Resources Research, v. 26, no. 12, p. 2971-2978.
Mast, M.A., Kendall, C., Campbell, D.H., Clow, D.W., and Back, J., 1995, Determination of hydrologic pathways in an alpine-subalpine basin using isotopic and chemical tracers, in Tonnessen, K., Williams, M., and Tranter, M., eds., Biogeochemistry of seasonally snow-covered catchments: Boulder, Colorado, International Association of Hydrological Sciences, p. 263-270.
Mast, M.A., Turk, J.T., Ingersoll, G.P., and Clow, D.W., and Kester, C.L., 2001, Use of stable sulfur isotopes to identify sources of sulfate in the Rocky Mountain Snowpacks, Atmospheric Environment 35: 3303-3313.
Mast, M.A., Wickland, K.P., Striegl, R.G., and Clow, D.W., 1998, Winter fluxes of CO2 and CH4 from subalpine soils in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 12, no. 4, p. 607-620.
Mast, M.A., Campbell, D.H., Ingersoll, G.P., Foreman, W.T., and Krabbenhoft, D.P., 2002, Atmospheric Deposition of Nutrients, Pesticides, and Mercury in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USGS Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4241, 15 p.
Mast, M.A., Campbell, D.H., Krabbenhoft, D.P., and Taylor, H.E., 2005, Mercury Transport in a High-Elevation Watershed in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado: Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, in press.
Meixner, T., Bales, R.C., Williams, M.W., Campbell, D.H., and Baron, J.S., 2000, Stream chemistry modeling of two watersheds in the Front Range, Colorado, Water Resources Research 36: 77-87.
Michel, R.L., Campbell, D., Clow, D., and Turk, J., 2000, Timescales for migration of atmospherically derived sulphate through an alpine/subalpine watershed, Loch Vale, Colorado, Water Resources Research 36: 27-36.
Michel, R.L., and Turk, J.T., 1995, Use of sulfure-35 to study rates of sulfur migration in the Flat Tops Wilderness Area, Colorado, in Isotopes in Water Resources Management: IAEA, Vienna, Austria.
Michel, R.L, Turk, J.T., Campbell, D.H., and Mast, M.A., 2002, Use of natural 35S to trace sulfphate cycling in a small lake in the Flattops Wilderness Area, Colorado, USA, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution Focus 2: 5-18.
Muths, E., D.H. Campbell, and P.S. Corn, 2003, Hatching success in salamanders and chorus frogs at two sites in Colorado, USA: effects of acidic deposition and climate, Amphibia-Reptilia 24: 27-36
Nanus, L., D.H. Campbell, G.P. Ingersoll, D.W. Clow, and M.A. Mast, 2003, Atmospheric deposition maps for the Rocky Mountains, Atmospheric Environment37: 4881-4892.
Rademacher, L.K., Clark, J.F., Clow, D.W., and Hudson, G.B., in press, Old groundwater influence on stream hydrochemistry and catchment response times in a small Sierra Nevada catchment: Sagehen Creek, California: Water Resources Research
Ranalli, A.J., 1997, Precipitation-chemistry data at selected sites in Northwestern Colorado, 1980-94, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 97-112, 83 p.
Ranalli, A.J., Turk, J.T., and Campbell, D.H., 1997, The use of bulk collectors in monitoring wet deposition at high-altitude sites in winter: Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, v. 95, p. 237-255.
Rueth, H.M., 2001, Englemann spruce forest responses to nitrogen deposition in Northern Colorado, Fort Collins, Colorado, Colorado State University, Ph.D. dissertation, 105 p.
Sickman, J.O., Melack, J.M., and Clow, D.W., 2003, Evidence for nutrient enrichment of high-elevation lakes in the Sierra Nevada, California: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 48, p. 1885-1892.
Sueker, J.K., 1996, Isotopic and chemical flowpath separation of streamflow during snowmelt and hydrogeologic controls of surface-water chemistry in six alpine-subalpine basins, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado: Boulder, Colorado, University of Colorado, Dissertation, 202p.
Sueker, J.K., Turk, J.T., and Michel, R.L., 1999, Use of cosmogenic 35S for comparing ages of water from three alpine-subalpine basins in north-central Colorado: Geomorphology, v. 27, p. 61-74.
Sullivan, T.J., Cosby, B.J., Clow, D.W., and Tonnessen, K.A., in press, Surface water acidification responses to sulfur and nitrogen deposition in Loch Vale, Colorado: Water Resources Research.
Turk, J.T., 1995, Effects of energy resource development on lakes--What do we need to know?: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1108, 30-33 p.
Turk, J.T., and Campbell, D.H., 1997, Are aquatic resources of the Mt. Zirkel Wilderness Area affected by acid deposition and what will emissions reductions at the local power plants do?: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet FS-043-97, 4 p.
Turk, J.T., Campbell, D.H., Ingersoll, G.P., and Clow, D.W., 1992, Initial findings of synoptic snowpack sampling in the Colorado Rocky Mountains: Denver, Colorado, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-645, 6 p.
Turk, J.T., Campbell, D.H., and Spahr, N.E., 1993a, Use of chemistry and stable sulfur isotopes to determine sources of trends in sulfate of Colorado lakes: Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, v. 67, p. 415-431.
Turk, J.T., and Spahr, N.E., 1991, Rocky Mountains, in Charles, D.F., ed., Acidic Deposition and Aquatic Ecosystems: New York, Springer-Verlag, p. 471-499.
Turk, J.T., Spahr, N.E., and Campbell, D.H., 1993b, Planning document of water, energy, and biogeochemical-budget (WEBB) research project, Loch Vale watershed, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 92-628, 18 p.
Turk, J.T., Taylor, H.E., Ingersoll, G.P., Tonnessen, K.A., Clow, D.W., Mast, M.A., Campbell, D.H., Melack, J.M., 2001, Major ion chemistry of the Rocky Mountain snowpack, Atmospheric Environment: 35, 3957-3966.
Wickland, K.P., 1997, Controls on spatial and temporal variability of methane exchange in subalpine soils: Boulder, University of Colorado, M.S., 53 p.
Wickland, K.P., Striegl, R.G., Mast, M.A., and Clow, D.W., 2001, Carbon gas exchange at a southern Rocky Mountain wetland, 1996-1998: Global Biogeochemical Cycles 15:321-335.
Wickland, K.P., Striegl, R.G., Schmidt, S.K., and Mast, M.A., 1999, Methane flux in subalpine wetland and unsaturated soils in the southern Rocky Mountains: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 13: 101-113.
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Menounos, B., 1996, A Holocene debris-flow chronology for an alpine catchment, Colorado Front Range: Boulder, University of Colorado, Master's Thesis, 160 p.
Menounos, B., 1997, Evidence for cirque glaciation in the Colorado Front Range during the Younger Dryas Chronozone: Quaternary Research, v. 48, p. 38-47.
Planert, D., 1997, Nitrogen fertilization influences on microbial activity: Fort Collins, Colorado State University, Master's Thesis.
Rapport, D.J., Gaudet, C., Karr, J.R., Baron, J.S., Bohlen, C., Jackson, W., Jones, B., Naiman, R.J., Norton, B., and Pollock, M.M., in press, Evaluating landscape health: intergrating societal goals and biophysical processes: J. Envir. Manag.
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