Appendix B - NIOSH Child Labor Working Team Membership
NIOSH Members
Heinz Ahlers, Education and Information Division (EID) |
Dawn Castillo, Division of Safety Research (DSR) Leader |
John Decker, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies (DSHEFS) |
Janet Ehlers, DSHEFS |
John Fajen, DSHEFS |
William Halperin, DSR |
David Hard, DSR |
E. Lynn Jenkins, Office of the Director (OD) |
Deborah Landen, DSR |
Jane Lipscomb, OD |
Larry Mazzuckelli, DSHEFS |
John Palassis, EID |
Teri Palermo, Division of Respiratory Disease Studies (DRDS) |
Ted Scharf, Division of Biomedical and Behavioral Science (DBBS) |
Ray Sinclair, EID |
Nancy Stout, DSR |
Joann Wess, EID |
Mary Lynn Woebkenberg, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering
(DPSE) |
Members from Other Federal Agencies
Margarett Davis, Division of Adolescent and School Health, National
Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, DHHS |
William Fern, Wage and Hour Division, Employment Standards
Administration, Department of Labor |
Judith Gilbert, SchooltoWork Office, Department of Labor and U.S. Department of
Education |
Art Kerschner, Jr., Wage and Hour Division, Employment Standards
Administration, Department of Labor |
Bradley K. Rein, Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension
Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture |
Cathy Wasem, Office of Rural Health Policy, Health Resources and
Services Administration, DHHS |
Appendix C - Expert Presentations to NIOSH Child Labor Working Team
Federal Child Labor Regulation and Enforcement
Art Kerschner, Jr., and William Fern, Wage and Hour Division, DOL
Available Data from the National Center for Health Statistics
(NCHS)
Felicia LeClere, NCHS
Available Data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics
Larry Leith, BLS, DOL
Research on How to Educate Youth about Workplace Health and
Safety
Robin Baker, University of California at Berkeley
School-to-Work
Ron Castaldi and Jack Repoire,
Department of Education
Judith Gilbert, School-to-Work Office,
Departments of Education and Labor
OSHAs Role with Respect to Child Labor
John Solheim, OSHA
Washington States Child Labor Regulatory Efforts
Suzanne Mager and Mary Miller, Washington Department of Labor and Industries
Survey of Injured Adolescent Workers
Dawn Castillo, NIOSH
APHA Policy Statement on Child Labor
Mary Miller, Washington Department of Labor and Industries
Office of Rural Health Policy (ORHP) Activities
Colleen Hennessy, ORHP, HRSA, DHHS
Psychosocial Aspects of Adolescent Work
Mike Shanahan, University of North Carolina
Psychosocial Aspects of Adolescent Work
Larry Steinberg, Temple University
Sleep-Related Concerns for Child Labor
Mary Carskadon, Brown University Medical School
NIH-Funded Survey of Adolescent Health
Susan Newcomer, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development,
National
Institutes of Health
Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service
(CSREES) Activities
Brad Rein, CSREES, U. S. Department of Agriculture.
Childhood Agricultural Injury Prevention
Barbara Lee, National Farm Medicine Center
Review of NIOSH Agriculture Program
Teri Palermo, NIOSH
Occupational Health Nurses in Agricultural Communities
Program
Janet Ehlers, NIOSH
Washington State Agricultural Regulations
Suzanne Mager, Washington Department of Labor and Industries
Minnesota FACE Investigations of Child Fatalities
David Parker, Minnesota Department of Health
Farm Stress Injury Model and Expected Consequences for
Adolescent Family Members
Ted Scharf, NIOSH
Emerging Issues and Changing Nature of AgricultureUpdate on
National Committee Report to the Secretary of HHS
Sue Bernstein, ORHP, HRSA, DHHS
Coordinated School Health Programs
Margarett Davis, Peter Hunt, and Laura Kann, Division of Adolescent and School Health,
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, DHHS
Industrial Hygiene Surveys at Vocational Schools
John Fajen, NIOSH
Safety and Health Training for Vocational Teachers and
Administrators
John Palassis, NIOSH
Enhancing Young Workers Safety and Health through Community
Education Efforts
Ray Sinclair, NIOSH; Letitia Davis, Massachusetts Department of Public Health
Youth Focus Groups on Occupational Safety and
Health
Letitia Davis, Massachusetts Department of Public Health
Occupational Safety and Health Research Needs for Children and
Adolescents
Kenneth Kolash, National Safety Council
Occupational Safety and Health Research Needs for Children and
Adolescents
Larry Offut, Burger King Corporation
Occupational Safety and Health Research Needs for Children and
Adolescents
Rosco Vaughn and Brian Daniel, National Council of Agricultural Education
Occupational Safety and Health Research Needs for Children and
Adolescents
Dorianne Beyer, National Child Labor Committee
Occupational Safety and Health Research Needs for Children and
Adolescents
Keith Mestrich, AFLCIO and Child Labor Coalition
Development of Educational Materials for Teens in
Massachusetts
Robin Dewey, Massachusetts Department of Public Health
Health Hazards Survey in Teen Workplaces
Elise Morse, Massachusetts Department of Public Health
Appendix D - National Objectives for the Occupational Safety and Health of Youths
The following materials illustrate the national objectives of both Federal and nonFederal
agencies involved in the occupational safety and health of youths. Included are excerpts from
various publications and Acts of Congress.
Joint Declaration on Health Education for Children
[Shalala and Tsaregorodtsev 1996]
The following declaration was signed November 2, 1995, and issued January 26, 1996, by Donna Shalala
(Secretary of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services) and Alexander Tsaregorodtsev (Russian
Minister of Health and Medical Industry):
As chairpersons of the Health Committee of the United States -- Russia Joint Commission on Science
and Technology, we address the leaders and citizens of our two nations on the important subject of
health education for the children who will be citizens of the 21st century.
We affirm that:
The health of children in the present and their prospects for healthy lives in the future as
adults depend on caring families, good nutrition, sufficient physical exercise, protection from
hazards, and access to appropriate medical care; in addition, children must have basic knowledge
and understanding to be able to develop habits and behaviors that build, rather than destroy, good
health.
Our challenge as nations is to assure educational and community environments in which our
children can attain the fundamental knowledge on which to build healthy lives and can engage in
activities that support the development of healthy habits and patterns of life.
Therefore, we call upon our fellow citizens in the United States and the Russian Federation:
To make health education a priority for our educational systems, defining health
education broadly to engage families, communities, and educational and health institutions in the
transmission of essential information about life sciences and risks to health, as well as in
provision of opportunities to engage in health supporting activities and to live their childhoods in
health sustaining environments.
To support necessary training of the people who teach children in schools and who provide
health services to them in clinics and hospitals, in order that they may transmit sound
information and provide effective educational experiences to the children with whom they
work.
To support and enhance health related research, through our respective research institutions
at each level of government, in order to seek new knowledge of the causes of disease, measures
to prevent illness and injury, and effective ways to achieve our educational goals.
We call especially on our fellow professional leaders in fields of education and
pedagogy, medicine and health:
To make a commitment to expand and improve the quality of health education
provided to our nations children as one of the fundamental obligations of our professions.
To accept and affirm our own roles as health educators, as an essential part of whatever
specific work that we do.
To make our common goal, linking together our professional fields of endeavor and the
organizations and systems in which we serve, to achieve healthy American and Russian children
who are growing and learning to become healthy adults.
Finally, we affirm our own responsibility as health leaders of our two nations by
endorsing these principles on behalf of the Department of Health and Human Services of the
United States of America and the Ministry of Health and Medical Industry of the Russian
Federation.
Healthy People 2000
[DHHS 1994]
- Reduce work related injury rates among adolescent workers to 3.8 per 100 full-time workers.
- Increase to at least 75% the proportion of the Nations elementary and secondary schools
that provide planned and sequential kindergarten through 12th grade quality school health
education.
- Provide academic instruction on injury prevention and control, preferably as part of
quality school health education, in at least 50% of public school systems.
- Establish community health promotion programs that separately or together address at
least three of the Healthy People 2000 priorities and reach at least 40% of each States
population.
School-to-Work Opportunities Act
[Public Law 103239]
- To improve the knowledge and skills of youths by integrating academic and
occupational learning, integrating school-based and work-based learning, and building effective
linkages between secondary and post-secondary education.
- A School-to-Work Opportunities program under this Act shall provide participating
students, to the extent practicable, with strong experience in and understanding of all aspects of
the industry the students are preparing to enter. The term all aspects of an industry includes
planning, management, finances, technical and production skills, underlying principles of
technology, labor and community issues, health and safety issues, and environmental issues,
related to such industry or industry sector.
Goals 2000 -- Educate America Act
[Public Law 103227]
- All workers will have the opportunity to acquire the knowledge and skills, from
basic to highly technical, needed to adapt to emerging new technologies, work methods, and
markets through public and private educational, vocational, technical, workplace, or other
programs.
Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology Education Act
[Public Law 101392]
- It is the purpose of this Act to make the United States more competitive in the
world economy by developing more fully the academic and occupational skills of all segments of
the population. This purpose will principally be achieved through concentrating resources on
improving educational programs leading to academic and occupational skill competencies
needed to work in a technologically advanced society.
- States desiring to receive funds shall submit a plan which includes an analysis of
". . . the capability of vocational education programs to provide vocational education
students, to the extent practicable, with strong experience in and understanding of all aspects of
the industry the students are preparing to enter (including planning, management, finances,
technical and production skills, underlying principles of technology, labor and community issues,
and health, safety, and environmental issues)"
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Priorities
[CDC 1996a]
- CDC's newest priority focuses on the vulnerability of our youth to adopt
unhealthy behaviors leading to disease, death, and societal problems. Scientific evidence
indicates that we can intervene with young people to prevent them from adopting these unhealthy
behaviors. This investment in the health and safety of our youth today will pay health and
economic dividends to our nation tomorrow.
National Occupational Research Agenda
[NIOSH 1996b]
- Priority Research Area: Special Populations at Risk. Occupational hazards are
known to be distributed differentially, and workers with specific biologic, social, and/or
economic characteristics are more likely to have increased risks of work related diseases and
injuries.
Children and Agriculture: Opportunities for Safety and Health: A National Action Plan
[National Committee for Childhood Agricultural Injury Prevention 1996]
- Establish and maintain a national system for childhood agricultural injury
prevention
- Establish that childhood agricultural injury prevention programs are supported with
sufficient funding and cooperation from the public and private sectors
- Establish guidelines for childrens' and adolescents' work in the industry of
agriculture
- Ensure that the public is aware of general childhood agricultural safety and health
issues
- Establish and maintain a comprehensive national database of fatal and nonfatal
childhood agricultural injuries
- Conduct research on costs, risk factors, and consequences associated with children and
adolescents who participate in agricultural work
- Use systematic evaluation to ensure that educational materials and methods targeted
toward childhood agricultural safety and health have demonstrated positive results
- Ensure that farm and ranch owners/operators, farm workers, parents, and care givers
understand relevant agricultural safety and health issues that pertain to children and
adolescents
- Ensure that rural safety and health professionals understand the issues relevant to
children and adolescents exposed to agricultural hazards
- Influence adult behaviors which affect protection of children and adolescents through
the use of incentives and adoption of voluntary safety guidelines
- Provide a protective and supportive environment for children exposed as bystanders to
agricultural hazards
- Establish uniform standards that address protection of children and adolescents from
agricultural occupational hazards
Childhood Risks Involving Tractors
[National Safety Council 1996]
- The Council urges appropriate agencies and professionals to identify and
implement effective strategies and for manufacturers to implement appropriate design features to
decrease the proportion of childrens' injuries that involve tractors in operation.
- Currently, there is little research data available on appropriate age, cognitive and
physical development required for the operation of tractors by youths. There is also little data on
the effectiveness of current programs that educate youth in the safe operation of tractors and
other farm equipment. The Council encourages studies in these areas so that more reliable data
can be developed.
Protection of Child and Adolescent Workers
[APHA 1995]
- Recommends that existing child labor regulations be reviewed periodically to
update and expand prohibited duties based on research findings and knowledge about adolescent
development capabilities, and where appropriate, reduce the number of allowable work hours and
adjust quitting times.
- Recommends that Federal and State labor departments and public health agencies work
with youth educators to incorporate health and safety training into school curricula and that
States involved in the School-to-Work Opportunities Act of 1994 include comprehensive health
and safety training modules in their curricula.
- Recommends that more resources be provided to improve data sources, expand research
activities, and identify intervention strategies leading to prevention.
- Encourages the coordination of public health efforts with the U.S. Department of Labor
and Department of Health and Human Services to control and prevent workplace injuries among
minors through efforts that improve education and training about the hazards associated with
work for children and adolescents for educators, parents, teens, employers, health care providers,
occupational safety and health professionals, and others in the field of public health.
Child Labor Update and Recommendations for Action
[Child Labor Coalition 1993]
- Gather more data on industries/work places/processes currently covered and
review those which have only become prominent since the inception of the FLSA and the
Hazardous Occupation Orders, but that, based upon an examination of injuries/accidents/
illnesses, seem to be detrimental to youth.
- Solving our child labor problems requires a comprehensive, multi agency approach.
Linkages among government agencies will promote information sharing, creative problem
solving, and joint efforts and initiatives.
|