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PREFACE 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 DELIMITATION OF THE SUBJECT 1.2 STRUCTURING OF THE TEXT 1.3 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE BRIDGE PROJECT 1.3.1 Choice of Construction Material 1.3.2 Selection of Bridge Type and Statical System 1.3.3 Selection of Shape and Dimensions of the Structural Elements 1.3.4 Selection of the Construction Method 1.4 DESIGN CRITERIA 1.4.0 Design Principles 1.4.1 Actions to be Considered in the Statical Calculations 1.4.2 Load Combinations and Critical Limit States 2 SLAB AND GIRDER BRIDGES IN GENERAL 2.1 STRUCTURAL FORM OF THE BRIDGE DECK 2.1.0 Cross-Section in General 2.1.1 Solid Slab 2.1.2 Slab Formed by Precast Joists and Topping 2.1.3 Voided Slab 2.1.4 Ribbed Slab withTorsionally Stiff Ribs 2.1.5 Longitudinal Beams with Top Slab 2.1.6 Box Section 2.1.7 Trough Section 2.2 BRIDGE ABUTMENTS 2.2.0 Abutments General 2.2.1 Traditional Abutment 2.2.2 Stub Abutment 2.2.3 Box Type Abutment 2.2.4 Open Abutment 2.2.5 Integral Abutment 2.3 BRIDGE FURNISHINGS 2.4 CONSUMPTION OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS 3 STATICALLY DETERMINATE SLAB AND GIRDER BRIDGES 3.0 GENERAL 3.1 BRIDGE CONFIGURATION 3.1.1 Conditions for Application of the Bridge Type 3.1.2 Span Distribution 3.1.3 Static¿s of the Bridge Type 3.2 BRIDGE SUPPORTS 3.2.0 Bridge Piers General 3.2.1 Bridge Piers Concept and Execution 3.2.2 Bridge Pier Aesthetics 3.2.3 Bridge Pier Static¿s 3.3 BRIDGE DECK STRUCTURAL FORM 3.4 BRIDGE DECK ANALYSIS 3.5 BRIDGE DECK EXECUTION 3.5.0 Execution General 3.5.1 Precasting of Girders 3.5.2 Placing of Girders 3.5.3 Execution of Diaphragms and Slab 3.6 VARIATIONS AND TRANSITIONS TO OTHER BRIDGE TYPES 3.6.1 Variations in Bridge Deck Concept or Execution 3.6.2 Gerber Solutions 3.6.3 Establishment of Limited Continuity over the Supports 3.6.4 Application of Statically Determinate Box Girders 3.7 EXAMPLES OF BRIDGES 3.8 ADVANTAGES AND INCONVENIENCIES OF THE BRIDGE TYPE 4 MULTISPAN SLAB AND GIRDER BRIDGES, CONTINUITY IN THE BRIDGE DECK 4.0 CONTINUITY GENERAL 4.1 INFLUENCE OF THE CONTINUITY ON THE BRIDGE ARRANGEMENT 4.2 FACTORS FAVORING CONTINUITY 4.3 ESTABLISHMENT OF CONTINUITY 4.4 CLASSIFICATION OF CONTINUOUS BRIDGE SUPERSTRUCTURES 5 CONTINUOUS SLAB AND GIRDER BRIDGES WITH VERY SHORT SPANS 6 CONTINUOUS SLAB AND GIRDER BRIDGES WITH SHORT SPANS, IN PARTICULAR MOTORWAY BRIDGES 6.0 MOTORWAY BRIDGES GENERAL 6.1 STATICAL SYSTEMS FOR MOTORWAY BRIDGES 6.2 BRIDGE DECKS FOR MOTORWAY BRIDGES 6.3 BRIDGE SUPPORTS FOR MOTORWAY BRIDGES 6.4 BRIDGE DETAILS; IN PARTICULAR DRAINAGE 6.5 ANALYSIS OF MOTORWAY BRIDGES 6.5.0 Analysis General 6.5.1 Analysis of the Bridge deck 6.5.2 Skew Plates 6.5.3 Substructure Analysis 6.6 EXECUTION OF MOTORWAY BRIDGES INCL. PREFABRICATION 7. CONTINUOUS SLAB AND GIRDER BRIDGES WITH MEDIUM RANGE SPANS 7.0 GENERAL 7.1 STATICAL SYSTEMS 7.2 BRIDGE DECK, CONCEPT AND ANALYSIS 7.3 BRIDGE SUPPORTS 7.4 CONSTRUCTION METHODS 7.4.1 Cast-in-Place Construction on Fixed Falsework 7.4.2 Cast-in-Place Span-by-Span by Use of Stepping Girder 7.4.3 Cast-in-Place in Stepping Carriage (Mushroom Bridges) 7.4.4 Precast Segments placed Span-by-Span by Use of Stepping Girder 7.4.5 Precast Segments placed in Cantilever Construction 7.4.6 Incremental Launching 7.4.7 Rotation of the Bridge Deck 8. CONTINUOUS, LONG SPAN GIRDER BRIDGES, in PARTICULAR CANTILEVER BRIDGES 8.0 GENERAL 8.1 CANTILEVER CONSTRUCTION 8.1.0 Definition 8.1.1 Historical Overview 8.2 STATICAL SYSTEMS 8.3 BRIDGE SUPERSTRUCTURE 8.4 BRIDGE PIERS 8.5 PROJECT ADAPTATION 8.5.1 Tendon Layout and Passive Reinforcement 8.5.2 Location of Expansion Joints in Multispan Bridges 8.5.3 Structural Details 8.5.4 Consideration of Temperature Gradient 8.5.5 Stability during Construction 8.6 CAST-IN-PLACE SEGMENTAL CANTILEVER CONSTRUCTION 8.6.1 Travelers 8.6.2 Placing of Tendons and Passive Reinforcement 8.6.3 Placing of the Concrete 8.6.4 Construction Phases 8.6.5 Construction Cycle 8.6.6 Closure between Cantilever Arms 8.6.7 Typical Variations of Cantilever Construction 8.6.8 Casting Curves and Geometry Control 8.7 PRECAST SEGMENTAL CANTILEVER CONSTRUCTION 8.7.1 Segment Configurations 8.7.2 Segment Manufacture 8.7.3 Segment Erection 8.7.4 Closure between Cantilever Arms 8.7.5 Casting Curves and Geometry Control 8.8 EXAMPLES OF BRIDGES 8.8.1 Rhinebridge at Bendorf 8.8.2 Oosterschelde Bridge 8.8.3 Incienso Bridge 8.8.4 Felsenau Bridge 8.8.5 Sallingsund Bridge 8.8.6 Veile Fiord Bridge 8.8.7 Windward Viaduct H-3 Hawaii 8.8.8 Storebelt Westbridge 8.8.9 Northumberland Strait Crossing 8.9 STATICAL CONSIDERATIONS 9. FRAME BRIDGES 9.0 FRAME BRIDGES GENERAL 9.1 FRAME BRIDGE CONFIGURATION AND STATICAL SYSTEMS 9.2 STATICAL ASPECTS OF FRAME BRIDGES 9.3 CONCEPT AND EXECUTION OF FRAME BRIDGES 9.3.1 Minor Underpasses 9.3.2 Medium Size Frame Bridges of Traditional Form 9.3.3 Medium Size Frame Bridges with Triangular Supports 9.3.4 Strut Frames 9.3.5 Shallow Frames with Adjustable Support, in particular MARNE Type 9.3.6 Large-Span Frame Bridges 10 ARCH BRIDGES 1 0.0 ARCH BRIDGES GENERAL 1 0.1 ARCH BRIDGE CONFIGURATION AND STATICAL SYSTEMS 1 0.2 STATICAL ASPECTS OF ARCH BRIDGES 10.2.1 Determination of the Shape of the Arch 10.2.2 Stability of the Arch 10.2.3 Lateral Loading on the Arch 1 0.3 STRUCTURAL FORM OF ARCH BRIDGES 10.3.1 Arch Bridges with Bridge Deck above the Arch 10.3.2 Arch Bridges with Suspended Bridge Deck 1 0.4 CONSTRUCTION OF ARCH BRIDGES 1 0.5 SPECIAL TYPES OF ARCH BRIDGES 10.5.1 Disc Type Arches 10.5.2 Tied Arches and Arches with Lower Stiffening Girder 10.5.3 Arch Bridges with Inclined Hangers 10.5.4 Flexible Arches with Overlying Stiffening Girder 11. STAY BRIDGES 11.0 BRIDGES WITH SUSPENSION SYSTEMS GENERAL 11.1 STAY BRIDGE CONFIGURATION AND STATICAL SYSTEMS 11.2 STAY BRIDGE STATICAL CONSIDERATIONS 11.3 STAY BRIDGE COMPONENTS 11.3.1 Stays 11.3.2 Stiffening Girder (Bridge Deck) 11.3.3 Pylons 11.4 STAY BRIDGE EXECUTION 11.5 STAY BRIDGE EXAMPLES 11.5.1 Maracaibo Bridge 11.5.2 Bridge over the Danube at Metten 11.5.3 Danube Canal Bridge 11.5.4 Hoechst Bridge over the Main 11.5.5 Bridge over the Seine at Brotonne 11.5.6 Pasco Kennewick Bridge 11.5.7 James River Bridge 11.5.8 Las Americas Bridge 11.5.9 Footbridge over la Paz Avenue 11.6 OTHER BRIDGE TYPES WITH SUSPENSION 11.6.1 Concrete Fins 11.6.2 Stress Ribbons 11.6.3 Inverted Suspension Bridges 12. BRIDGE BEARINGS 12.0 BEARINGS GENERAL 12.1 BEARING TYPES 12.1.0 Bearing Types in General 12.1.1 Traditional Steel Bearings 12.1.2 Concrete Hinges 12.1.3 Deformation Bearings 12.1.4 Sliding Bearings 12.1.5 Pot Bearings 12.1.6 Spherical Bearings 12.1.7 Other Bearing Types 12.2 FUNCTIONING OF THE BEARINGS IN THE STRUCTURE 13. EXPANSION DAMS 13.0 EXPANSION DAMS GENERAL 13.1 CLASSIFICATION OF EXPANSION DAMS 13.2 FUNCTIONING OF THE EXPANSION DAMS IN THE STRUCTURE 14. BRIDGE FOUNDATIONS -A Survey of the Structural Possibilities 14.0 FOUNDATIONS GENERAL 14.1 FOUNDATION TYPES 14.2 CONNECTION BETWEEN PIER SHAFT AND FOUNDATION 14.3 INTERACTION BETWEEN FOUNDATIONS AND STRUCTURE 15. BRIDGE MAINTENANCE 15.0 MAINTENANCE GENERAL 15.1 DETERIORATION OF BRIDGES 15.1.1 Causes of Deterioration 15.1.2 Progress of Deterioration 15.1.3 Diagnosis and Remediation 15.2 SYSTEMATICS OF BRIDGE MAINTENANCE 15.3 MAINTENANCE TECHNIQUES 15.3.1 Methods of Auscultation 15.3.2 Repair Methods 15.3.3 Strengthening and Modification 16. BRIDGE AESTHETICS - Some Main Features LlTERATURE INDEX Chronological Index Systematic Index SUBJECT INDEX
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Bridges, Concrete -- Design and construction.
Reinforced concrete construction.
Prestressed concrete construction.