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1. Effect of Paper Color and Question Order on Exam Performance (EJ784817)
Author(s):
Tal, Ilanit R.; Akers, Katherine G.; Hodge, Gordon K.
Source:
Teaching of Psychology, v35 n1 p26-28 Jan 2008
Pub Date:
2008-01-00
Pub Type(s):
Journal Articles; Reports - Evaluative
Peer-Reviewed:
Yes
Descriptors: Evaluation Methods; Student Evaluation; Color; Visual Environment; Paper (Material); Scores; Cheating; Test Items; Undergraduate Students; Test Construction
Abstract: To deter cheating, teachers commonly use exams printed on differently colored paper or with varied question orders. Previous studies, however, reported that paper color and question order affect exam performance and suggested that teachers should adjust students' scores accordingly and discontinue the use of alternate exam forms. We conducted 2 experiments testing the effects of paper color and question order on exam performance. Students performed worse on exams printed on primary blue paper, but pastel colors had no effect. We found no effect of exam question order (sequential vs. random). We conclude that colored paper or differently ordered questions do not affect exam performance. (Contains 2 notes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
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2. Web-Based versus Paper-and-Pencil Course Evaluations (EJ785514)
Heath, Nicole M.; Lawyer, Steven R.; Rasmussen, Erin B.
Teaching of Psychology, v34 n4 p259-261 Dec 2007
2007-12-00
Descriptors: Course Evaluation; Data Collection; Internet; Paper (Material); Student Reaction; Evaluation Methods; Qualitative Research; Comparative Analysis; Statistical Analysis
Abstract: Our study compared the quantitative and qualitative outcomes associated with course evaluations collected over the Internet with those collected using a paper-and-pencil method. We randomly assigned students to 1 of the 2 different formats. There was no significant difference in quantitative student responses based on administration method, but students who completed evaluations over the Internet were more likely to give qualitative feedback compared to students who completed their evaluations in the classroom. Moreover, students in the Web-based condition provided longer qualitative comments than students in the paper-and-pencil group. We discuss the implications of these findings. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
3. Implicit Aspects of Paper and Pencil Mathematics Assessment that Come to Light through the Use of the Computer (EJ785069)
Threlfall, John; Pool, Peter; Homer, Matthew; Swinnerton, Bronwen
Educational Studies in Mathematics, v66 n3 p335-348 Nov 2007
2007-11-00
Journal Articles; Reports - Research
Descriptors: Test Items; Student Evaluation; Foreign Countries; Test Validity; Computer Assisted Testing; Intermode Differences; Paper (Material); Robustness (Statistics); Test Format; Comparative Testing; Mathematics Materials; Questioning Techniques
Abstract: This article explores the effect on assessment of "translating" paper and pencil test items into their computer equivalents. Computer versions of a set of mathematics questions derived from the paper-based end of key stage 2 and 3 assessments in England were administered to age appropriate pupil samples, and the outcomes compared. Although in most cases the change to the different medium seems to make little difference, for some items the affordances of the computer profoundly affect how the question is attempted, and therefore what is being assessed when the item is used in a test. These differences are considered in terms of validity and legitimacy, that is whether the means used to answer a question in a particular medium are appropriate to the assessment intention. The conclusion is not only that translating paper and pencil items into the computer format sometimes undermines their validity as assessments, it is also that some paper and pencil items are less valid as assessments than their computer equivalents would be. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
4. Research and Teaching: Does the Color-Coding of Examination Versions Affect College Science Students' Test Performance? Countering Claims of Bias (EJ774280)
Clary, Renee; Wandersee, James; Elias, Janet Schexnayder
Journal of College Science Teaching, v37 n1 p40-47 Sep 2007
2007-09-00
Descriptors: Academic Achievement; Ethics; Low Achievement; Color; Paper (Material); Coding; Correlation; Multiple Choice Tests; Scores; College Science
Abstract: To circumvent the problem of academic dishonesty through the mass administration of multiple-choice exams in college classrooms, a study was conducted from 2003 to 2005, in which multiple versions of the same examination were color coded during testing in a large-enrollment classroom. Instructors reported that this color-coded exam system appeared to work remarkably well. However, some students strongly asserted that they only performed well on the blue tests, or that certain examination colors negatively affected their test performance. As a result, this study attempts to determine, through the investigation of the test scores earned by students on the different colored examination versions, whether there was any significant effect of examination paper color on student test performance. (Contains 3 figures and 5 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
5. The Chemistry of Paper Preservation: Part 5. Permanent Paper (EJ820888)
Carter, Henry A.
Journal of Chemical Education, v84 n12 p1937-1940 Dec 2007
Journal Articles; Reports - Descriptive
Descriptors: Paper (Material); Preservation; Chemistry; Science Instruction; Undergraduate Study; College Science
Abstract: The acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of cellulose accounts for the deterioration of paper in library books and other written records. To combat this threat to our written heritage, new permanent papers have been developed that are relatively chemically stable and undergo a very slow rate of deterioration. Many of these new papers are manufactured from mechanical pulps that contain large amounts of lignin, and are stable when a calcium carbonate buffer is present. Based on the performance involving accelerated aging of the papers, the inclusion of lignin has been accepted in the standards for permanent paper by Canada and Germany, providing that a calcium carbonate buffer is present. Other countries are still reluctant to make the change in standards to include lignin. Research needs to be done to define optical properties and their requirements for the standards. The applications of the chemistry of paper preservation to teaching are also discussed. (Contains 8 notes.) [For part 4 of this series please see The Chemistry of Paper Preservation Part 4. Alkaline Paper EJ543594.] Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
6. Multimedia University: A Paperless Environment to Take the Challenges for the 21st Century (EJ805711)
Reaz, Mamun Bin Ibne; Hussain, Sazzad; Khadem, Shajib
AACE Journal, v15 n3 p289-314 2007
2007-00-00
Descriptors: Foreign Countries; Global Education; Electronic Libraries; Information Technology; Computer Uses in Education; Paper (Material); Technological Advancement; Open Universities; Electronic Publishing; Multimedia Instruction; Management Systems; Governance; Higher Education
Abstract: Predictability of absolute data transaction for real time information and reduction of incalculable data delivery time are the major factors to lead the global education as well as economic system towards a paperless environment. Some universities such as the University of Phoenix, Western Governors University, UK Open University, University of California, and Hong Kong University are playing a pioneering role to achieve this paperless environment in the respective campuses. Multimedia University (MMU) is a very distinctive university and is considered the jewel of Malaysia's bold plan to enter the world arena of 21st century information technology. The university is now operational with intelligent building systems, wireless technology system, satellite tele-education, a digital library, state-of-the-art learning, and research facilities, as well as an integrated computer education management system. MMU runs a paperless administration with the full-fledged e-governance having all these facilities. E-governance is about the use of information technology to raise the quality of the services organizations deliver for its management. The university also provides a Registry of Graduates homepage that not only eliminates fraud, but also complements the e-governance system, preparing itself for a truly web-based society. This article mainly aims to illustrate the development of higher education in the Multimedia University by establishing a paperless environment. (Contains 4 figures and 1 table.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
7. Paper Folding Fractions (EJ779095)
Pagni, David
Australian Mathematics Teacher, v63 n4 p37-40 2007
Descriptors: Measurement; Mathematics Instruction; Teaching Methods; Worksheets; Paper (Material); Creative Teaching; Mathematics; Geometric Concepts; Algebra
Abstract: In this article, the author presents a paper folding activity that can be used for teaching fractions. This activity can be used to describe areas of folded polygons in terms of a standard unit of measure. A paper folding fractions worksheet and its corresponding solutions are also presented in this article. (Contains 2 figures.)
8. Using Paper Folding, Fraction Walls, and Number Lines to Develop Understanding of Fractions for Students from Years 5-8 (EJ779071)
Pearn, Catherine Ann
Australian Mathematics Teacher, v63 n4 p31-36 2007
Descriptors: Numbers; Mathematics; Foreign Countries; Mathematics Skills; Mathematical Concepts; Learning Activities; Models; Mathematics Instruction; Mathematics Activities; Manipulative Materials; Paper (Material); Teaching Methods; Elementary Education; Elementary School Mathematics; Concept Formation; Vocabulary
Abstract: Several researchers have noted how children's whole number schemes can interfere with their efforts to learn fractions. An Australian study found that children who were successful with the solution of rational number tasks exhibited greater whole number knowledge and more flexible solution strategies. Behr and Post (1988) indicated that children needed to be competent in the four operations of whole numbers, along with an understanding of measurement, for them to understand rational numbers. This paper describes a "hands on" approach developed by researchers that focuses on the use of paper folding, fraction walls and number lines to develop an understanding of fractions using a measurement model. (Contains 8 figures.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
9. Paper Sizes and Mathematics (EJ769970)
de Mestre, Neville
Australian Mathematics Teacher, v63 n1 p26-27 2007
Descriptors: Mathematics Education; Mathematics Activities; Measurement Techniques; Mathematical Concepts; Paper (Material); Teaching Methods
Abstract: Reams of paper come in a standardised system of related sheet sizes. Most people are familiar with the international paper sizes A4, A3 and B4, but there are others. The ratio of the sides of any sheet in the series is such that if the paper is cut or folded in half on itself then the ratio of the sides remains unchanged. Due to this property of constant proportions when folding, artwork will enlarge or reduce photographically to fit any international paper size. In this article, the author performs some mathematical magic with an A4 sheet in a topological sense and shows how to cut a hole in this sheet so that an average-sized adult can easily pass through the hole without ripping the paper. (Contains 3 figures and 2 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
10. Paper or Plastic Revisited: Let's Keep Them Both--Reply to Broderick and Stone (2006); Tennen, Affleck, Coyne, Larsen, and DeLongis (2006); and Takarangi, Garry, and Loftus (2006) (EJ735354)
Bolger, Niall; Shrout, Patrick E.; Green, Amie S.; Rafaeli, Eshkol; Reis, Harry T.
Psychological Methods, v11 n1 p123-125 Mar 2006
2006-03-00
Journal Articles; Opinion Papers
No
Descriptors: Computer Mediated Communication; Paper (Material); Diaries; Research Methodology
Abstract: The authors review commentaries by J. E. Broderick and A. A. Stone (2006); H. Tennen, G. Affleck, J. C. Coyne, R. J. Larsen, and A. DeLongis (2006); and M. K. T. Takarangi, M. Garry, and E. F. Loftus (2006) on their original article (A. S. Green, E. Rafaeli, N. Bolger, P. Shrout, & H. T. Reis, 2006). The authors were pleased to find more agreement than disagreement regarding the choice of methods for conducting diary studies. It is clear that continued critical evaluation of all diary methods, both paper and plastic, is warranted. However, on the basis of their initial findings, the authors conclude that paper diaries are still likely to have a valuable place in researchers' toolboxes. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
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