Go to: Thomas Jefferson: an American Man for All Seasons
Man of Law and Politics
| Main Page
Sources cited
|
Table of Contents
| Catalog record and links to related information from the Library of Congress catalog
INDEX
A "Accustomed commerce," doctrine of, 16,25 Adams, Abigail, 3, 145 Adams, John, 1, 2, 4, 137, 145 Adams, John Quincy, 139, 170; on TJ's presidential leadership, 138; compares embargo and war, 150; on TJ's last annual message, 150; on American character, 152, 183- 84, 224; on embargo and New England courts, 175; changing views on embargo, 182-84; on Campbell Report, 183; role in embargo's repeal, 183-85; political impact on New England Republicans, 184-85; debunks coercive embargo, 198; on Federalist party, 218 Addington ministry, 17 Alexandria, Va., 82, 121 Alien and Sedition Acts, 217 American Revolution: and free trade ideology, 1-2; impact on TJ's thought, 95, 97, 146-48, 213-15 Amsterdam, Holland, 205 Anderson, Joseph, 187 "Anglomen," 97, 218, 224; see also Jefferson, Thomas, and Federalist party Annual messages, Jefferson's: of 1805, 31; of 1807: TJ's draft of, 85-87, and first inaugural, 86, and Declaration of Independence, 86- 87, cabinet criticisms of, 87-91, 94-97, final version of, 97-98; of 1808: general tone of, 149, 151, on embargo, 150-51, reaction to, 151, 208, as policy statement, 151, 180, anticommercial spirit of, 207-9; see also Cabinet, Jefferson's Antigua, 169 Argus, U.S.S., 174 Armstrong, John, 78, 120, 123-24, 152, 182 Auckland, Lord, see Eden, William, Baron Auckland Aurora (Philadelphia), 84-85 Aurora decision, 24 B Bacon, Ezekiel, 115-16, 181, 191, 196, 210 Baltimore, Md., 168, 169 Barlow, Joel, 148, 212 Bayonne Decree, 135 Berlin Decree, 102 Biddle, Nicholas, 95 Bidwell, Barnabas, 31, 53-54, 184 Blockade, 12, 14-15, 59 Bonaparte, Napoleon, 78, 102, 116, 122-23, 127, 134, 135, 140 Bonding (and embargo laws), 164, 167, 172 Boston, Mass., 44, 121 Boston Committee of Merchants, Traders, Mechanics, and Mariners, 209 Boston Massacre, 214 "Broken voyage," doctrine of, 15-16, 17, 52; see also Carrying trade, Essex decision, Polly decision Burr, Aaron, 222, 223-24 Burwell, William, 194 C Cabell, Joseph C., 143 Cabell, William, 76 Cabinet, Jefferson's: and Monroe- Pinkney Treaty, 58-59; disagreements on Chesapeake implications, 73-74; discusses 1807 congressional summons, 75-76; and military planning, 79-83; divisions over TJ's 1807 message, 85-89, 95-97; irons out Chesapeake demands, 91-93; and embargo, 102, 107-8; and TJ's last annual message, 145, 152- 54, 208; and the carrying trade, 210 Cadiz, Spain, 178 Campbell, George Washington, 42n, 177, 193-94 Campbell Report, 177, 180, 181, 183, 192-95 Canning, George, 93, 111, 124-25, 127, 128, 129-31 Cape Cod, Mass., 166 Caribbean, the, and embargo, 166, 167-70, 174 Carrying trade, U.S., 7; impact on TJ's presidency, 7; TJ's ambivalence toward, 7, 9-10, 11, 29; and TJ's English diplomacy, 10-11, 11-12, 24, 28, 29, 206, 210; Republican critics of, 10-11, 28, 41-45, 210; divides Republican party, 32-35; Republican defenders of, 32-38; TJ repudiates, 203-9 Charleston, S.C., 44, 82 Chesapeake affair, 81, 82, 88, 105, 122, 179; attack described, 70- 71; impact on TJ's thought, 71- 73, 103; issue in Anglo-American diplomacy, 74, 93-94, 111-13, 124, 127, 132, 135; and congressional summons, 75-78; cabinet discusses satisfaction for, 91; administration demands criticized, 92-95, 99; and election of 1808, 94 Citizen (New York), 91 "Citizen-soldier," 79-80, 97 Clark, Christopher, 42 Clay, Joseph, 40 Clopton, John, 194 Coasting trade, 114, 117, 163-66; see also Embargo Coercive Acts, 214 Continental System, 123, 125, 132 "Contingent" war, 189, 191, 193 Contraband, 15, 59 Cook, Orchard, 138-39, 181-82, 185, 187, 189, 192, 210 Cooper, Thomas, 10 Cotton, and embargo, 171, 174n, 199-203 Coxe, Tench, 61, 63-64 Cropper, Benson, and Company, 200 Crowninshield, Jacob, 31, 34, 61, 77, 184 Cruger, Catherine, 160n Customs collectors, and embargo enforcement, 157, 163-64, 165, 167, 168, 172-73, 174-76; see also Detention, Embargo, and Gallatin, Albert D Dawson, John, 45 Dearborn, Henry, 80-81, 82, 85, 87- 88,92-93, 113 Declaration of Independence, the, 86- 87,209,214 Defensive arming, 188, 189, 191, 192, 193 Detention, 164-65, 167, 172; see also Embargo, Customs collectors, and Gallatin, Albert Detroit, Mich., 79 Draconian laws, 143-44, 172-77, 187; see also Embargo, Gallatin, Albert, and Jefferson, Thomas Drawbacks, 16, 56, 62 Duane, William, 75, 84-85 E Early, Peter, 41 Economic coercion, Republican tradition of, 3-7, 13, 23, 68-70, 100; see also Mercantilism, Nonimportation Eden, William, Baron Auckland, 55- 57 Embargo, the: impact abroad, 81, 125, 133, 169; events leading to, 102; TJ's thoughts on, 102-4, 105-6, 108-9, 116-19, 120-22, 135- 36, 146, 150-52, 170, 181, 198- 203; TJ's message on, 103-4; congressional passage of, 104-5; original provisions of, 104, 160, 163; Madison's role in original law, 104, 109-10; cabinet discussions of, 107-10; and Republican tradition of economic coercion, 107; Gallatin's views on original law, 107-8; as coercive weapon, 110-11, 116-17, 118, 121, 133, 136; second law, 114, 164; third law, 114-15, 161-63, 165; changing goals of, 114- 15; political criticisms of, 115-16, 139-44; conflicting goals of, 118-19; fourth law, 119-20, 167, 173; and manageable war strategy, 119-24, 134-36; patterns of evasions, 121-22, 173-74, 200-203, 223; and TJ's pacifism, 138-39, 145; fifth law, 143-44, 172-77, 187; and national economic redemption, 150-51, 203-9; and Revolution of 1800, 151, 220-25; TJ's role in enforcement, 157-59, 160-63, 166-67, 174, 176, 223-24; coasting violations of, 163-66, 172-73; and Caribbean smuggling, 166-70; and price fluctuations in foreign ports, 171- 72, 199, 200, 201-3; state and judicial interference with, 174- 76; and state militias, 176; repeal of, 178, 180-97; and TJ's escapism, 187-88; transatlantic violations of, 201-3; and crisis in republican law, 224-25; see also Customs collectors, Gallatin, Albert, and Jefferson, Thomas Embargoes: Republican theories of, 68-69; defensive, 100-101 Eppes, John Wayles, 42, 162, 191, 195 Erskine, David, 99, 197 Essex decision, 24, 28-29, 32, 34, 39, 45, 52, 69 Eustis, William, 170 F Federalist, The, 4 Federalists: economic programs of, 5, 140, 146; caricature of TJ, 137- 38; and embargo's repeal, 194, 196 Findlay, William, 68-69 First Inaugural Address (TJ), 86, 211-12 "Floating" bonds, 167 Flour, and embargo, 166, 168, 169 Fox, Charles James, 19, 30, 51, 52, 53, 55, 57 France: in TJ's 1780s diplomacy, 3; and American carrying trade, 7, 9; and TJ's Florida diplomacy, 43, 49-50; and TJ's Chesapeake message, 86; tightens commercial vise, 102; and manageable war strategy, 122, 125, 134-35 "Free ships free goods," doctrine of, 15, 16,25,52 G Gallatin, Albert: on fiscal implications of nonimportation, 39; on impressments and Monroe- Pinkney Treaty, 65-67; and 1807 congressional summons 75-76; and Chesapeake crisis, 79, 81, 82, 83-85, 90-91; on American character, 83, 152, 158, 224; critic of TJ's English policy, 87, 88, 94-97; on administration's Chesapeake demands, 91; opposes coercive embargo, 107, 109, 139- 42; role in embargo enforcement, 114, 121, 139, 156-58, 160-63, 166, 168, 169, 172-77; faults TJ's leadership, 138, 151, 153- 55, 208; and embargo's repeal, 185-87; see also Embargo Gallatin, Hanna, 90 Gardenier, Barent, 115-16 George III, 140 Gerry, Elbridge, 69-70, 216 Giles, William Branch, 156, 160, 191 Gilman, Nicholas, 95, 103 Goteborg, Sweden, 178 Governors' certificates, 166-67; see also Embargo Granger, Gideon, 105 Gregg, Andrew, 32, 33-34, 35-36, 37 Gregg resolution, 32, 35,37, 38, 40- 42, 45-46 Grenville, Lord, 19 Gunboats, 78, 82-83 H Halifax, 166 Hamilton, Alexander: on American commercial expansion, 4; fiscal system of, 5; views on TJ, 137- 38; TJ's thoughts on, 146; on fame, 148; on implied powers, 157 Harrowby, Lord, see Ryder, Dudley, Baron Harrowby Havana, Cuba, 178 Hawkesbury, Lord, see Jenkinson, Robert Hawkins, Samuel, 149 Hodgkinson, James, and Company, 200 "Honest" neutrality, 67 Hornet, U.S.S., 174 I Impressments: issue in Anglo- American diplomacy, 13-14, 22- 23; and Monroe-Pinkney Treaty, 59, 60, 64-66; and Chesapeake diplomacy, 90-95, 111-13 J Jackson, John, 37, 191,196 Jane, schooner, 201 Jay Treaty, 6, 17, 18, 21, 53-54, 55, 63; TJ's views on, 6, 18, 53 Jefferson, Thomas: Revolutionary economic thought, 1-2, 15; opposition to Hamiltonianism, 1, 6, 218, 219, 224; attitudes toward Great Britain, 2, 24, 28, 54-55,70,73-74,77,86,94- 97, 99, 123, 125-26, 218-19; on Federal Constitution, 3; thoughts on political economy, 3-4, 5-7, 9, 46, 70, 203-7, 208-11; mercantilist thought of, 3-6; on economic coercion, 4, 5-6, 23, 46, 70, 98-99, 100, 106-7, 117n, 118-19; anticommercial mentality, 7-9, 11, 29, 50, 136, 158-59,203-10, 224; agarianism of, 8, 206-7; wartime commercial goals, 9-12, 67-68, 136,204,205,206,209-10; and the acquisition of the Floridas, 47-50; and Monroe-Pinkney Treaty, 60, 64-66; quality of leadership, 67-68, 95-97, 99- 100, 135, 136-39, 140, 144-49, 151-52, 154-55, 179-80, 187; and Chesapeake crisis, 71-73; on war with England, 73-78; as military planner, 78, 79-80, 84; on Republican ideology, 82, 144- 45, 155; ignores cabinet agreement, 92-93; memories of Revolution, 95, 97, 146-48, 213-14; on the Federalists, 117, 119, 158, 159, 163,210-13, 214-15, 216-19, 221, 223, 224; on American character, 140, 148, 158-59, 215n, 222, 224, 225; nature of Federalist-Republican conflict, 145, 214, 215-16, 219n; and pacifism, 145-48; on natural rights, 147-48; and fame, 148, 149; understanding of embargo's repeal, 186, 192; on embargo and national redemption, 203-10; on dynamics of American politics, 213, 215-16; on Republican party, 214-15; on freedom and authority, 220-21; on Revolution of 1800, 221, 224-25 Jenkinson, Robert, Lord Hawkesbury, 17 Jones, William, 61 K Kingston, Jamaica, 79 L Lafayette, marquis de, 39 Langdon, John, 138 Leiper, Thomas, 143 Leopard, H.M.S., 71, 73 Lexington and Concord, 97, 121, 147 Lincoln, Levi, 109, 153 Lisbon, Port., 178 Liverpool, England, 171, 198, 199, 200-201,202 London Times, 55 Louisiana Purchase, 218, 219 M Macon, Nathaniel, 45n, 98, 110, 114n, 155, 176 Madison, James, 17, 19, 20, 22, 30, 60, 66, 92, 129, 130; on administration commercial goals, 12-14, 210; and impressments, 13-14, 23, 111-13; on paper blockades, 14; on Essex decision, 24, 47; pamphlet defense of carrying trade, 29, 43, 50; object of John Randolph's hatred, 43, 62, 94; opposes TJ's Florida policy, 47-49; on "free ships free goods," 52; on Jay Treaty, 54; and Monroe-Pinkney Treaty, 58, 64, 65, 67, 70; as congressman, 68; views during Chesapeake crisis, 74; role in TJ's embargo message, 104; champions economic coercion, 109-10, 153, 189, 194, 196-97; and manageable war diplomacy, 119, 120-21, 122-24, 126, 127, 135; presidential candidate, 140, 145; on TJ's leadership, 154; on postembargo policy, 189, 193; on TJ's 1808 message, 208n Magna Carta, 209 Manageable war strategy: TJ outlines, 119-21; and embargo, 121-22, 195; bias toward France, 122-24; failure of, 134-36 Maritime restrictions, 122, 123n Market, American: as economic weapon, 3, 4, 12-13, 23, 32-33, 35-36, 46, 68; TJ's views on as economic weapon, 70, 100 Marque and reprisal, letters of, 188- 89, 191, 193, 195 Marshall, John, 222 Martinique, 13 Massachusetts, 166, 170, 175 Masts and ship timber, and embargo, 165n Masters, Josiah, 45 Maury, James, 170, 198-99, 200- 201 Mercantilism, 1, 2; TJ embraces, 2-6 Meyers, Moses, 171 "Midnight" appointments, 145 Militia classification, 80-81, 114 Milnor, William, 194 Milnor Amendment, 194 Mitchill, Samuel, 152, 159 Monroe, James, 12, 13, 14, 15, 23, 54, 58; on carrying trade, 7, 10, 28-29; discussions with Lord Hawkesbury, 17-18; advice to superiors, 18, 20, 22, 26-29, 51- 52; evaluation of England's policies, 18, 20, 25-28; qualities as diplomat, 18, 30, 51, 52-53; discussions with Harrowby, 19- 23; discussions with Mulgrave, 25-26; discussions with Fox, 51- 53, 56-57; diplomatic goals, 55; and Chesapeake diplomacy, 93- 94; returns to U.S., 111 Monroe-Pinkney Treaty (1806): negotiations leading to, 53-58; provisions of, 59; Monroe's estimate of, 59-60; TJ's initial reaction to, 60; administration's appraisal of, 61-67; final rejection of, 65-67 Montesquieu, baron de, 159 Monticello, 144, 146 Montreal, 79 "Most favored nation" principle, 59 Mulgrave, Lord, see Henry Phipps, Baron Mulgrave Municipal regulations, 123, 124; see also Continental System N Napoleonic Wars, 7, 71 National debt, 39, 40 National Intelligencer, 110 National Volunteer Militia Act, 79, 81 Neutrality, American: TJ's thoughts on, 9, 15, 29, 67-68, 203-4, 205, 206, 209; assessment of, 10- 12; goals of, 14-16, 25, 52-53, 210; see also Carrying trade New Brunswick, 166 New Orleans, La., 82, 114, 200 New York, 44, 82, 121, 170 Niagara, 79 Nicholas, Wilson Cary: on carrying trade, 11, 206; on Chesapeake attack, 76-77; on congressional Republicans, 98, 191, 196; concern over TJ's leadership, 138, 188, 191; faults coercive embargo, 139, 142-43, 187-88; on American character, 152; policy preferences of, 188-91, 194; and embargo's repeal, 190- 91, 193 Nicholas resolution, 188-89, 190, 192 Nicholson, Joseph Hooper, 46 Nile, battle of, 78 Nonimportation: in Republican tradition of economic coercion, 3- 4, 5-6, 23, 26-27, 68, 70, 100; TJ and congressional proposals, 23, 45-47, 50-51, 58, 101-2; as bargaining weapon in British negotiations, 23, 52, 57-58; congressional consideration of, 32, 35-38, 39-40, 45-46; provisions of act of 1806, 46; see also Economic coercion and Market, American Nonintercourse, 187, 193-94 Norfolk, Va., 44, 82, 171 North Carolina, 117 O One-eighth rule, 167, 172 Orders-in-council (British), 68, 101, 126, 127 P Page, John, 75 "Paper blockades," 14, 56, 59, 178 Passamaquoddy Bay, 79 Peaceable coercion, 6; see also Economic coercion and Market, American Pennock, William, 171 Petersburg, Va., 168 Philadelphia, Pa., 44, 110, 121; Republicans of, 205 Phipps, Henry, third Baron Mulgrave, 24-25 Pinkney, William, 120, 152; in joint mission with Monroe, 10, 53, 62, 67; discussions with George Canning, 123n, 126-31; evaluates England's commercial goals, 124-25, 131-32; champions coercive embargo, 132-34, 136, 159, 179, 182 Pitt, William, 19, 30 Polly decision, 15-16, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26 Portugal, 132, 178 Providence, R.I., 121, 156, 170 Q "Quaker principles," 23 Quincy, Josiah, Jr., 137-38 R Randolph, John: views on wartime carrying trade, 10, 43, 44-45; Republican principles of, 40, 221-22; as Jeffersonian critic, 43-44, 56, 92, 94, 221; opposition to Madison, 43n, 62; on American commercial character, 185; and embargo, 188, 190, 221-22 Randolph, Thomas Mann, 98 Reexport trade, see Carrying trade "Report on Commerce" (TJ), 5-6 Republican economics: 1-2, 9, 11-12, 15, 18, 29, 44, 151, 203-10; TJ's thoughts on, 2, 3, 5-7, 7-9, 11, 15, 29, 151, 203-6, 208-10; embargo's relation to, 203-4, 205-6, 207-8; see also American Revolution, Carrying trade, Jefferson, Thomas, and Mercantilism Republicanism, ideology of: during American Revolution, 1-2, 34, 149, 213-14; southern variety of, 44; anglophobic dimension of, 70-71, 124, 125-26; as relates to politics and government, 78, 82, 144-45, 192, 203, 221-25; and embargo, 82, 136, 150, 220, 224-25; and constitutionalism, 152,225 Republican party: economic origins of, 5; southern opposition to wartime commercial goals, 31, 41-45; political needs of and embargo laws, 143-44, 187; New England and embargo, 181, 182-87, 192; South's attempt to save embargo, 191-96; TJ's views on, 214-15 Revolution of 1800, 136, 145, 220- 21, 222 Rhea, John, 187, 190 Rhode Island, 149, 175 Richmond, Va., 44, 121 Richelieu River, 79 Roane, Spencer, 157 Rodney, Caesar, 85, 134n, 135 Rodney, Thomas, 181n Rose, George, 108, 109, 111, 112, 117 Royal Navy, 14, 122, 167 Rule of 1756, 16 Russia, 26, 178 Rutherfoord, Thomas, 171 Ryder, Dudley, second Baron Harrowby, 19-22 S Saint Barthelemy, 178 Salem, Mass., 44 Santo Domingo, 14 Savannah, Ga., 82, 97 Smilie, John, 37-39, 191 Smith, Robert, disagreements with TJ, 74-75, 87, 88-89, 145, 152-53; and military preparation, 82-83 Smith, Samuel: financial expertise of, 39, 83, 84; estimate of Monroe- Pinkney Treaty, 61, 62-63; mercantile expertise of, 77; and military unpreparedness, 90, 114; informed of administration's Chesapeake demands, 91; and embargo caucus, 191 Smith, William, 171-72n Sons of Liberty, 170 Spain, 132, 134, 178 Stamp Act commissioners, 165 Stamp taxes, 214 Standing armies, 214; and Republicanism, 79 Stephen, James, 10 Stoddert, Benjamin, 12 Story, Joseph, 182, 184 Stuart, Archibald, 139, 152 Surinam, 168, 169 Sweden, 26, 178 T Tammany Society of New York, 71 Taylor, John, 10-11, 94n, 116-17, 210 Tobacco, and embargo, 168, 171, 199, 201 Tories, 140, 141, 213, 214, 218; TJ's views on, 212 Townshend duties, 214 Trafalgar, battle of, 78 Troup, George, 190 Tucker, Beverley, 210 U "Useful neutrality," 67 V Vermont, 115 Verplanck, Daniel, 195 Virginia, 76, 80, 171 W War in Disguise, 10 Washington, George, 9, 55 Washington, D.C., 82 Wasp, U.S.S., 174 West Indies, the, and embargo, 166, 167-70, 172 Whigs, 212, 213 Williams, David R., 41-42, 45-46, 190 Williams, Nathan, 35 Y Yazoo lands, 43
Sources cited
|
Table of Contents
| Catalog record and links to related information from the Library of Congress catalog
Go to: Thomas Jefferson: an American Man for All Seasons
Man of Law and Politics |
Main Page
Library of Congress (January 12, 2002) Library of Congress Help Desk |
LC Home Page | Search the LC Online Catalog | Services for Researchers | Research Tools | Main Reading Room Home Page |