Section 8. Spacing and Sequencing
3-8-1. SEQUENCE/SPACING
APPLICATION
Establish the sequence of arriving and departing
aircraft by requiring them to adjust flight or ground
operation, as necessary, to achieve proper spacing.
PHRASEOLOGY-
CLEARED FOR TAKEOFF.
CLEARED FOR TAKEOFF OR HOLD SHORT/HOLD IN
POSITION/TAXI OFF THE RUNWAY (traffic).
EXTEND DOWNWIND.
MAKE SHORT APPROACH.
NUMBER (landing sequence number),
FOLLOW (description and location of traffic),
or if traffic is utilizing another runway,
TRAFFIC (description and location) LANDING RUNWAY
(number of runway being used).
CIRCLE THE AIRPORT.
MAKE LEFT/RIGHT THREE-SIXTY/TWO SEVENTY.
GO AROUND (additional instructions as necessary).
CLEARED TO LAND.
CLEARED:
TOUCH-AND-GO,
or
STOP-AND-GO,
or
LOW APPROACH.
CLEARED FOR THE OPTION,
or
OPTION APPROVED,
or
UNABLE OPTION, (alternate instructions).
or
UNABLE (type of option), OTHER OPTIONS
APPROVED.
NOTE-
1. The "Cleared for the Option" procedure will permit an
instructor pilot/flight examiner/pilot the option to make a
touch-and-go, low approach, missed approach, stop-
and-go, or full stop landing. This procedure will only be
used at those locations with an operational control tower
and will be subject to ATC approval.
2. For proper helicopter spacing, speed adjustments may
be more practical than course changes.
3. Read back of hold short instructions apply when hold
instructions are issued to a pilot in lieu of a takeoff
clearance.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 3-7-2, Taxi and Ground Movement
Operations.
3-8-2. TOUCH-AND-GO OR STOP-AND-GO
OR LOW APPROACH
Consider an aircraft cleared for touch-and-go,
stop-and-go, or low approach as an arriving aircraft
until it touches down (for touch-and-go), or makes a
complete stop (for stop-and-go), or crosses the
landing threshold (for low approach), and thereafter
as a departing aircraft.
REFERENCE-
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 3-1-5,
Vehicles/Equipment/Personnel on Runways.
FAAO JO 7110.65, Para 3-9-7, Wake Turbulence Separation
for Intersection Departures.
3-8-3. SIMULTANEOUS SAME DIRECTION
OPERATION
Authorize simultaneous, same direction operations
on parallel runways, on parallel landing strips, or on
a runway and a parallel landing strip only when the
following conditions are met:
a. Operations are conducted in VFR conditions
unless visual separation is applied.
b. Two-way radio communication is maintained
with the aircraft involved and pertinent traffic
information is issued.
c. The distance between the runways or landing
strips is in accordance with the minima in TBL 3-8-1
(use the greater minimum if two categories are
involved).
TBL 3-8-1
Same Direction Distance Minima
Aircraft category
|
Minimum distance (feet)
between parallel
|
|
Runway
centerlines
|
Edges of
adjacent strips or
runway and strip
|
Lightweight,
single-engine,
propeller driven
|
300
|
200
|
Twin-engine,
propeller driven
|
500
|
400
|
All others
|
700
|
600
|
3-8-4. SIMULTANEOUS OPPOSITE
DIRECTION OPERATION
Authorize simultaneous opposite direction operations on parallel runways, on parallel landing strips,
or on a runway and a parallel landing strip only when
the following conditions are met:
a. Operations are conducted in VFR conditions.
b. Two-way radio communication is maintained
with the aircraft involved and pertinent traffic
information is issued.
PHRASEOLOGY-
TRAFFIC (description) ARRIVING/DEPARTING/LOW
APPROACH, OPPOSITE DIRECTION ON PARALLEL
RUNWAY/LANDING STRIP.
c. The distance between the runways or landing
strips is in accordance with the minima in
TBL 3-8-2.
TBL 3-8-2
Opposite Direction Distance Minima
Type of Operation
|
Minimum distance (feet)
between parallel
|
|
Runway
centerlines
|
Edges of
adjacent strips
or runway and
strip
|
Between sunrise and
sunset
|
1,400
|
1,400
|
Between sunset and
sunrise
|
2,800
|
Not authorized
|
|