ANNUAL  REPORT

Calendar Year 2006

1.   NRSP-6: UNITED STATES POTATO GENEBANK

Introduction, Classification, Preservation, Evaluation and Distribution of tuber-bearing  Solanum Species.

2.   COOPERATIVE AGENCIES AND PRINCIPAL LEADERS

United States Department of Agriculture

Administrative Advisors

3.  PROGRESS AND PRINCIPAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS

A.  Introduction of New Stocks

A total of 41 accessions were assigned PI numbers in 2006: one clone from Korea, one late blight clone from Mexico, one mapping population parent from CIP, 25 tuber moth resistant clones from CIP, and 13 accessions collected from Arizona. These accessions are now available from the NRSP-6 Solanum germplasm collection.

The NRSP-6 web page (http://www.ars-grin.gov/nr6) has been updated to include all new stocks and screening information.  Clientele that have ordered from NRSP-6 in the past four years are contacted three times per year informing them of new materials that are now available either as true seed, tubers, in vitro plantlets, or herbarium samples.  A new service we are offering is dried ground leaf samples for DNA. For foreign requesters this is useful since there are no quarantine restrictions on dried material. 

B.  Classification

Dr. Spooner et al. have published and are working on five different areas of potato research: 1) molecular markers for genebank studies, 2) cultivated potato origins, 3) relationships in wild tomatoes and potatoes, 4) the predictive power of taxonomy relative to disease resistance data, and 5) linkage map of late blight in wild potatoes.

C.  Preservation and Increase of Stocks

In 2006, a total of 223 accessions were increased as botanical seed populations.

A total of 600 potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) tests were performed on seed increase parents, seedlots and research materials.  Germination tests were performed on 1,307 accessions, ploidy determinations were made on 40 accessions, and tetrazolium seed viability tests were done on 31 seedlots. 

D.   Evaluation

International collaboration.  1) with CIP, study of the impact of agrichemicals on in situ wild potato reproduction continued, and we initiated a related project to assess the impact of mining pollution on wild potato reproduction.  The frost resistant breeding family developed by NRSP-6 staff was evaluated in Peru, and results appear to be promising.  The elite clonal selections from this population grown in Hancock, Wisconsin had good tuber type and cold hardiness to –5^oC.  2) with CIP, calcium application trials in the highlands showed impressive yield improvement, and suggest our parallel ongoing program to enhance calcium uptake efficiency via S. microdontum introgression might have impressive application in some locations in the Andes. 3) with CIP, progress was made on a joint project to study in situ germplasm capture (see below) and molecular-based assessment of allele density. 4) with PICTICPAPA:  The entire collection of S. microdontum was evaluated for late blight in Toluca, Mexico (results pending). 

Nutritional.  1) Potato potassium is in a unique position to mitigate hypertension, which has huge health and economic impact.  Potassium levels in the tubers are also correlated to the incidence of black spot bruise.  We screened and found significant species differences in K uptake potential (funding anticipated from CGC).  2) Work continued with Dr. C. Miller’s lab screening for antioxidants in uncolored wild potato species tubers.  We found an important GxE effect, demonstrating that some germplasm is only high antiox when grown artificially in the greenhouse, not in the field (two papers submitted).  3) Plans were made to preselect and screen the primitive cultivated species collection for high phenolics.  4) We began researching and planning experiments to examine anticancer potential of high tuber tomatine.  5) We characterized exotics and adapted materials for Potato Carboxypeptidase Inhibitor, a tiny heat- and digestion-resistant protein reported to inhibit  some of the most pernicious human cancers (funded by the Crop Germplasm Committee, CGC).  We staged parents for making and testing segregating hybrids for all of these traits. 

Mutants and other new traits. 1) We initiated crossing for adapted tubers in the background of the crazy sepal sterile floral mutant.  BSA of crazy and flowering plants are planned for a fair test of the potential yield improvement without the sink in flowers.  2) Continued tests to relate tuber pH to other traits like calcium and antiox.  S. microndontum was newly identified as a species for which some populations’ tubers are extremely acidic (10x most cultivated types).  3)  Produced calcium introgression hybrids at 2x and 4x level and evaluated in WI  and Hawaii.  4) Confirm that other GA mutants published as pito and ga2 are both likely the same as our ga1.  Staged for study of spontaneous reversion to the functional allele.  5) Purple-less fendleri:  Eliminated genome suppression as explanation for distorted segregation observed in some mutant testcrosses. 

Genebank technology and diversity management.  1) Found that long-term germination is declining more rapidly outside of local -20 and NSSL storage, so moved our active inventory to -20.  2) Found germination is not biased by density of sowing.  3) Found seedlots generated in 1986 with and without extra fertilization do not show clear germination effect due to “seed quality” after 20-yr storage.  4) Found  seedlings are taller under sodium vs metal halide lamps.  5) Characterized 100 microdontum pops for pH, calcium, antiox, cs1 mutant and late blight pursuant to testing effectiveness of DNA-based core collection within a species.  6) Tested seed increase phenology and found later summer plantings produce more seeds per pollination.         7) With CIP cooperators continued case study of capture of diversity at easy-vs-hard collecting sites.  8) Found proximity of other species does not explain distinction of northern S. verrucosum populations in Mexico. 9) Published results showing small DNA differences between reputed duplicates in NRSP-6 and CIP collections.  10) Published conclusion that no loss of diversity happens at selection of excess small seedlings at transplant for inbred species.

E.  Distribution

NRSP-6 distributions are shown in the table below.  Stocks were sent to clientele in 25 states of the USA and 11 other countries. 

VOLUME AND TYPES OF STOCKS DISTRIBUTED

¹ Types of stocks sent/(number of seeds, tubers or plantlets per standard shipping unit): S= True Seeds/(50),  TF= Tuber Families/(10), 

   TS=Tuber Stocks/(3), IVS=In Vitro Stocks/(1), DNA=DNA samples(1), PL=Plants in plugs/(1), Her= Herbarium/(1).

² Includes chromosome counts, germination tests, ID and Taxonomic check plantings, in vitro maintenance, seed increases,

   PSTV tests, miscellaneous plantings, and NSSL seed backup.

F.  Visitors From Other Countries

Dr. Shaoguan Duan                        China

Dr. Liping Jin                                  China

Dr. Shuzhi Jaing                              China

Dr. Kaiyun Xie                               China

Dr. Wenbo Pan                              China

Dr. Conghua Xie                            China

Dr. Jun Liu                                     China

Dr. Nune Sarukhanyan                   Armenia

      Dr. Klaus J. Dehmer                       Germany

Dr. Glenn Bryan                             Scotland

Dr. Gavin Ramsay                          Scotland

Dr. Caroline Marques Castro          Brazil

4.  USEFULNESS OF FINDINGS

NRSP-6's purpose is to provide a ready source of raw materials, technology and information to support potato enhancement, breeding and research in the USA and around the world.  Thus, one way the success of NRSP-6 can be measured is by the occurrence of NRSP-6 germplasm in the pedigrees of new, improved potato cultivars.  Another is in the use of NRSP-6 stocks in more basic research programs, which is reflected in publications that provide information that ultimately contribute to better use of the germplasm resource.

Nine cultivar releases were published in the American Journal of Potato Research in 2006: ‘Dakota Jewel’, ‘Dakota Rose’, ‘Beacon Chipper’, ‘Reeves Kingpin’, ‘Western Russet’, ‘Gemstar Russet’, ‘Marcy’, ‘Defender’, and ‘White Pearl’.  All of these are known to have wild species in their pedigrees.

Section 6 lists 100 papers, 45 abstracts, and 4 theses which report the use of NRSP-6 Solanum introductions this year.

5.  WORK PLANNED FOR 2007

Fast and accurate delivery of high quality germplasm and information will continue to be the general objective of NRSP-6.  We also plan to raise awareness of the germplasm resource through an advertising/outreach program, and by conducting and publishing research that demonstrates new ways the germplasm can be useful for potato improvement.

Evaluation will continue on Solanum species for the traits described for the past year, as funds are available.

6.  PUBLICATIONS ISSUED DURING THE YEAR

A.     Publications issued by NRSP-6 Personnel

Bamberg, John.  2006.  Crazy Sepal: A new floral sepallata-like mutant in the wild potato Solanum microdontum Bitter.  Am J Potato Res 83:433-435.

Bamberg, J.B. and A. del Rio.  2006.  Seedling transplant selection does not cause genetic shifts in genebank populations of inbred potato species.  Crop Sci 46:424-427.

Bamberg, John, Charles Fernandez and Alfonso del Rio.  2006.  A new wild potato mutant in Solanum stoloniferum Schltdl. lacking purple pigment.  Am J Potato Res 83:437-445.

Bamberg, J., J.P. Palta and M. Martin.  2006.  Using a wild species, S. microdontum, to move high calcium trait to the cultivated potatoes.  In Potato Association of America/Solanaceae 2006 Annual Meeting.  p. 163 (Abstract)

Busse, J.S., J. Bamberg and J.P. Palta.  2006.  Correlation between aerial and tuber calcium accumulation in Solanum genotypes segregating for tuber calcium uptake efficiency.  In Potato Association of America/Solanaceae 2006 Annual Meeting.  p. 204 (Abstract)

Del Rio, A.H., J.B. Bamberg and Z. Huaman.  2006.  Genetic equivalence of putative duplicate germplasm collections held at CIP and US Potato Genebanks.  Am J Potato Res 83:279-285.

Del Rio, Alfonso, John B. Bamberg and Charles Fernandez.  2006.  Assessment of the genetic structure of in situ populations of wild potato Solanum fendleri eco-geographically dispersed in the Chiricahua mountains, Arizona.  Am J Potato Res 83:108. (Abstract)

Ghislain, M., D. Andrade, F. Rodriguez, R.J. Hijmans, and D.M. Spooner.  2006.  Genetic analysis of the cultivated potato Solanum tuberosum L. Phureja Group using RAPDs and nuclear SSRs.  Theor Appl Genet 113:1515-1527.

Jansky, S.H., R. Simon and D.M. Spooner.  2006.  Testing taxonomic predictivity.  Crop Sci 46:2561-2570.

Kuang, H.H., F.S. Wei, M.R. Marano, U. Wirtz, X.X. Wang, J. Liu, W.P. Shum, J. Zaborsky, L.J. Tallon, W. Rensink, S. Lobst, P.F. Zhang, C.E. Tornqvist, A. Tek, J. Bamberg, J. Helgeson, W. Fry, F. You, M.C. Luo, J.M. Jiang, C.R. Buell, and B. Baker.  2005.  The R1 resistance gene cluster contains three groups of independently evolving, type I R1 homologues and shows substantial structural variation among haplotypes of Solanum demissum.  Plant J 44(1):37-51.

Lozoya-Saldana, H., O. Barrios and John Bamberg.  2006.  Phytophthora infestans: races vs genotypes in the Toluca Valley, Mexico.  Am J Potato Res 83:122. (Abstract)

Nzaramba, Ndambe M., John Bamberg, Douglas C. Scheuring, and J. Creighton Miller Jr.  2006.  Antioxidant activity in Solanum species as influenced by seed type and growing location.  Am J Potato Res 83:127. (Abstract)

Peralta, I.E., S. Knapp and D.M. Spooner.  2006.  Nomenclature for wild and cultivated tomatoes.  Rep Tomato Genet Coop 56:6-12.

Spooner, D.M. and A. Salas.  2006.  Structure, biosystematics, and genetic resources.  In: J. Gopal and S.M. Paul Khurana (eds.) Handbook of potato production, improvement, and post-harvest management.  Haworth’s Press, Inc., Binghampton, New York. Pgs.1-39.

Vega, S.E., M. Aziz, J. Bamberg, A. Verma, and J.P. Palta.  2006.  Screening potato germplasm for carboxy-peptidase inhibitor and its potential anticancer property.  In Potato Association of America/Solanaceae 2006 Annual Meeting.  p. 160 (Abstract) 

Vega, S.E., J.P. Palta and J. Bamberg.  2006.  Exploiting cultivated germplasm to breed for enhanced tuber quality.  In A.J. Bussan and M. Drilias (eds.).  Proceedings of the Wisconsin’s Annual Potato Meeting.  pp. 143-144. (Abstract)

Vega, Sandra E., John B. Bamberg and Jiwan P. Palta.  2006.  Gibberellin-deficient dwarfs in potato vary in exogenous GA₃ response when the ga₁ allele is in different genetic backgrounds.  Am J Potato Res 83:357-363.

Vega, Sandra E., Jiwan P. Palta and John B. Bamberg.  2006.  Root zone calcium can modulate GA induced tuberization signal.  Am J Potato Res 83:135. (Abstract)

 Vega, Sandra E., Jiwan P. Palta and John B. Bamberg.  2006.  Exploiting cultivated germplasm to breed for enhanced tuber calcium accumulation ability.  Am J Potato Res 83:136. (Abstract)

B.        Journal Articles and Abstracts Reporting Research with NRSP-6 Stocks

Andrivon, D., R. Pellé and D. Ellissèche.  2006.  Assessing resistance types and levels to epidemic diseases from the analysis of disease progress curves: principles and application to potato late blight.  Am J Potato Res 83:455-461.

Blanco, M. and R. Valverde.  2005.  Bulk segregant analysis (BSA) for the detection of AFLPs linked to the PVX resistance gene in Solanum commersonii.  Agronomia Costarricense 29(2):45-55.

Blanco, M. and R. Valverde.  2005.  Identification and mapping of AFLPs linked to the PVX resistance gene in Solanum commersonii.  Agronomia Costarricense 29(2):57-71.

Bradeen, J.M., M.J. Sanchez and D.S. Mollov.  2006.  Multi-genotype allelic mining at the RB late blight resistance locus reveals broad allele distribution and an in planta recombination event.  Am. Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting, Quebec, City, Canada. (Abstract)

Bradeen, J.M., B.P. Millett and D.S. Mollov.  2006.  In Planta transcriptional and functional patterns of an agriculturally relevant R gene.  Society for In Vitro Biology meeting, Minneapolis, MN.  Invited presentation as part of “Genomics of Plant Microbe Interactions” Colloquium. (Abstract)

Bradshaw, J.E., G.J. Bryan, A.K. Lees, K. McLean, and R.M. Solomon-Blackburn.    2006.  Mapping the R10 and R11 genes for resistance to late blight (Phytophthora infestans) present in the potato (Solanum tuberosum) R-gene differentials of Black.  Theor Appl Genet 112(4):744-751.

Brown, C.R., W. De Jong and C-P Yang.  2006.  Inheritance of total Carotenoid in high-content diploid germplasm.  Am J Potato Res 83:99. (Abstract)

Brown, C.R., T.S. Kim, Z. Ganga, K. Haynes, D. De Jong, M. Jahn, I. Paran, and W. De Jong.  2006.  Segregation of total Carotenoid in high level potato germplasm and its relationship to beta-carotene hydroxylase polymorphism.  Am J Potato Res 83:365-372.

Brown, C.R., H. Mojtahedi, S. James, R.G. Novy, and S. Love.  2006.  Development and evaluation of potato breeding lines with introgressed resistance to Columbia root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne chitwoodi).  Am J Potato Res 83:1-8.

Bu, QingYun, Liang Wu, ShiHu Yang, and JianMin Wan.  2006.  Cloning of a potato proteinase inhibitor gene PINII-2x from diploid potato (Solanum phureja L.) and transgenic investigation of its potential to confer insect resistance in rice.  J Integrative Pl Bio 48(6):732-739.

Busse, J.S. and J.P. Palta.  2006.  Investigating the in vivo calcium transport path to developing potato tuber using ⁴⁵Ca: a new concept in potato tuber calcium nutrition.  Physiologia Plantarum 128(2):313-323.

Cadena, M., A. Naranjo and C.E. Nustez.  2005.  Evaluating the response of 60 Solanum phureja (Juz. et Buk.) genotypes to attacks by the Guatemalan moth (Tecia solanivora Povolny).  Agro Colombiana 23(1):112-116.

Caromel, B., D. Mugniery, M.C. Kerlan, S. Andrzejewski, A. Palloix, D. Ellisseche, F. Rousselle-Bourgeois, and V. Lefebvre.  2005.  Resistance quantitative trait loci originating from Solanum sparsipilum act independently on the sex ratio of Globodera pallida and together for developing a necrotic reaction.  Mol Pl-Microbe Interact 18(11):1186-1194.

Castelli, L., G. Bryan, V.C. Blok, G. Ramsay, and M.S. Phillips.  2005.  Investigation of resistance specificity amongst fifteen wild Solanum species to a range of Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis populations.  Nematology 7(5):689-699.

Castelli, L., G. Bryan, V.C. Blok, G. Ramsay, and M.S. Phillips.  2005.  Life stage responses observed amongst fifteen wild Solanum species resistant to Globodera pallida.  Nematology 7(5):701-711.

Castelli, L., G. Bryan, V.C. Blok, G. Ramsay, M. Sobczak, T. Gillespie, and M.S. Phillips.  2006.  Investigations of Globodera pallida invasions and syncytia formation within roots of the susceptible potato cultivar Desiree and resistant species Solanum canasense.  Nematology 8(1):103-110.

Chashinsky, A.V. and V.A. Kozlov.  2006.  Use of genetic resources of potato in breeding for resistance to late blight.  Questions of potato growing. Actual problems of a science and practice.  Proc. Int. Conf.  All-Russian Potato Research Institute, Moskov, 2006.  pp. 406-412.

Chen, Q., Y-Z Shi, H-Y Li, D. Beasley, D. Lynch, and M. Goettel.  2006.  Incorporation and establishment of first somatic hybrids carrying both late blight and Colorado potato beetle resistance from Mexican wild species Solanum pinnatisectum.  Am J Potato Res 83:101-102. (Abstract)

Coca Morante, M. and N. Montealegre Villanueva.  2006.  Short communication.  Resistance to Phytophthora infestans in populations of wild potato species in the Sorata microcentre of genetic diversity, La Paz, Bolivia.  Spanish J Ag Res 4(2): 156-160.

Colton, L.M., H.I. Groza, S.M. Wielgus, and J. Jiang.  2006.  Marker-assisted selection for the broad-spectrum potato late blight resistance conferred by gene RB derived from a wild potato species.  Crop Sci 46:589-594.

Connor, T. and P. Barrell.  2005.  Resistance to soft rot: Solanum brevidens as a source of resistance to soft rot for potato breeding.  Grower 60(10):55-56.

Coombs, J.J., D.S. Douches, S.G. Cooper, E.J. Grafius, W.L. Pett, and D.D. Moyer.  2005.  Combining natural and engineered host plant resistance mechanisms in potato for Colorado potato beetle: choice and no-choice field studies.  J Am Soc Hort Sci 130(6):857-864.

Cooper, Susannah, David Douches, Joseph Coombs, and Edward J. Grafius.  2006.  Evaluating natural and engineered resistance mechanisms in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) against Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) in a no-choice field study.  Am J Potato Res 83:104. (Abstract)

Couch, B.C., R. Spangler, C. Ramos, and G. May.  2006.  Pervasive purifying selection characterizes the evolution of I2 homologs.  Mol Pl-Microbe Interact 19(3):288-303.

Daniell, H., S.B. Lee, J. Grevich, C. Saski, T. Quesada-Vargas, C. Guda, J. Tomkins, and R.K. Jansen.  2006.  Complete chloroplast genome sequences of Solanum bulbocastanum and Solanum Lycopersicum, and comparative analyses with other Solanaceae genomes.  Theor Appl Genetics 112(8):1503-1518. 

Davis, J.A., E.B. Radcliffe and D.W. Ragsdale.  2006.  Identifying and mapping resistance to green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) in potato.  90^th Annual Meeting of The Potato Association of America, Madison, WI.  July 24^th, 2006. (Abstract)

Davis, Jeffrey A., Edward B. Radcliffe, David W. Ragsdale, and Christian A. Thill.  2006.  Identifying resistance to aphids in crosses with somatic fusions of Solanum tuberosum L. and Solanum bulbocastanum Dun.  Am J Potato Res 83:106. (Abstract)

De Jong, Walter S., Donald E. Halseth, Bill B. Brodie, Keith L. Perry, Joseph B. Sieczka, Barbara J. Christ, Gregory A. Porter, Ken M. Paddock, Michael W. Peck, and Robert L. Plaisted.  2006.  Marcy: A chipping variety with resistance to common scab and the golden nematode.  Am J Potato Res 83:189-193.

D’hoop, Björn, João Paulo, Ben Vosman, Herman van Eck, Richard Visser, and Fred van Eeuwijk.  2006.  Association mapping in tetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) – a pilot study.  EAPR, The Science of Selection, in Carlow, Ireland. (Abstract)

D’hoop, Björn, M. João Paulo, Ben Vosman, Herman van Eck, Richard Visser, Rolf Mank, and Fred van Eeuwijk.  2006.  Association Mapping in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.).  EUCARPIA XIII, Biometrics in Plant Breeding Section Meeting, in Zagreb, Croatia. (Abstract)

De Jong, W.S., D.E. Halseth, B.B. Brodie, K.L. Perry, J.B. Sieczka, B.J. Christ, G.A. Porter, K.M. Paddock, M.W. Peck, and R.L. Plaisted.  2006.  Marcy: A chipping variety with resistance to common scab and the golden nematode.  Am J Potato Res 83:189-193.

De Koeyer, D., Y. Pelletier, D. Ronis, C. Clark, and V. Burns.  2006.  Solanum oplocense: a new source of resistance to Colorado potato beetle and processing quality attributes.  Am J Potato Res 83:107-108. (Abstract)

Dobson, G., D.W. Griffiths, H.V. Davies, and J.W. McNicol.  2004.  Comparison of fatty acid and polar lipid contents of tubers from two potato species, Solanum tuberosum and Solanum phureja.  J Ag Food Chem 52(20):6306-6314.

Dorion, S., D.P. Matton and J. Rivoal.  2006.  Characterization of a cytosolic nucleoside diphosphate kinase associated with cell division and growth in potato. Planta 224(1):108-124. 

Douches, D.S., J. Coombs, R. Hammerschmidt, W.W. Kirk, C. Long, S. Snapp, Ben Kudwa, Don Flannery, and Terry Bourgoin.  2006.  Beacon Chipper: A round white chip-processing potato variety.  Am J Potato Res 83:241-247.

Escallón, R., M. Ramirez and C.E. Nustez.  2005.  Evaluating potential yield and resistance to Phytophthora infestans (Mont. de Bary) in the Solanum phureja (Juz. et Buk.) yellow potato collection.  Agronomia Colombiana 23(1):35-41.

Evers, D., C. Schweitzer, N. Nicot, S. Gigliotti, M.R. Herrera, J.F. Hausman, L. Hoffmann, B. Trognitz, J. Dommes, and M. Ghislain.  2005.  Two PR-1 loci detected in the native cultivated potato Solanum phureja appear differentially expressed upon challenge by late blight.  Physio Mol Pl Path 67(3/5):155-163.

Fock, I., J. Luisetti, C. Collonnier, F. Vedel, G. Ducreux, H. Kodja, and D. Sihachakr.  2005.  Solanum phureja and S. stenotomum are sources of resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum for somatic hybrids of potato.  In: Bacterial wilt disease and the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex.  C. Allen, P. Prior, and A.C. Hayward (eds.), St. Paul, MN, USA; Am Phytopath Soc (APS Press), pp. 253-259.

Frost, K.E., S.H. Jansky and D.I. Rouse.  2006.  Transmission of Verticillium wilt resistance to tetraploid potato via unilateral sexual polyploidization.  Euphytica 149:281-287.

Ganga, Z.N., G.A. Porter, D. Lambert, G. Sewell, and A. Bushway.  2006.  Reeves Kingpin: a high yielding mid-season variety suitable for fry processing.  Am J Potato Res 83:110. (Abstract)

Ganga, Z.N., G.A. Porter, D.H. Lambert, G. Sewell, A. Bushway, and B. de los Reyes.  2006.  Reeves Kingpin: A high-yielding mid-season potato variety suitable for fry processing.  Am J Potato Res 83:141-147.

Garry, G., G.A. Forbes, A. Salas, M. Santa Cruz, W.G. Perez, and R.J. Nelson.  2005.  Genetic diversity and host differentiation among isolates of Phytophthora infestans from cultivated potato and wild Solanaceous hosts in Peru.  Plant Path 54(6):740-748.

Gebhardt, C., D. Bellin, H. Henselewski, W. Lehmann, J. Schwarzfischer, and J.P.T. Valkonen.  2006.  Marker-assisted combination of major genes for pathogen resistance in potato.  Theor Appl Genet 112(8):1458-1464.

Germain, H., S. Rudd, C. Zotti, S. Caron, M. O’Brien, S.C. Chantha, M. Lagacé, F. Major, and D.P. Matton.  2005.  A 6374 unigene set corresponding to low abundance transcripts expressed following fertilization in Solanum chacoense Bitt, and characterization of 30 receptor-like kinases.  Pl Mol Bio 59(3):515-532. 

Glynn, M. and J.R. Sowokinos.  2006.  Marketing potential of advanced breeding clones.  Valley Potato Grower 71(166):12-14.

Glynn, M. and J.R. Sowokinos.  2006.  Advanced potato clones with increased cold sweetening resistance (CSR).  Valley Potato Grower 71(167):12-15.

Greco, N., D. Carputo, L. Frusciante, G. Russo, and A. Brandonisio.  2005.  Screening of clones of Solanum spp. for resistance to potato cyst nematodes, Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida.  Nematol Mediterranea 33(2)163-170.

Groza, H.I., B.D. Bowen, W.R. Stevenson, J.R. Sowokinos, M.T. Glynn, C. Thill, S.J. Peloquin, A.J. Bussan, and J. Jiang.  2006.  White Pearl - A chipping potato variety with high level of resistance to cold sweetening.  Am J Potato Res 83:259-267.

Hamidoghli, Yousef and K. Ward.  2006.  Plant regeneration from protoplasts of Solanum tuberosum and S. stoloniferum.  Hort Environ Bio 47(1):14-18.

Hawkes, J.G.  2004.  Hunting the wild potato in the South American Andes: memories of the British Empire potato collecting expedition to South America 1938-1939.  Nijmegen, Netherlands; Botanical and Experiment Garden, University of Nijmegen, 223 pp.

Haynes, K.G. and B.J. Christ.  2006.  Improvements in foliar late blight-resistance in a diploid hybrid Solanum phureja-S. stenotomum population.  Am J Potato Res 83:112-113. (Abstract)

Haynes, Kathleen G. and Barbara J. Christ.  2006.  Recurrent maternal half-sib selection improves resistance to foliar late blight in a diploid hybrid Solanum phureja-Solanum stenotomum population.  Am J Potato Res 83:181-188.

Horackova, V. and J. Domkarova.  2005.  The Czech bank of potato genetic resources.  Czech J Genet Plant Breed 41(3):117-119.

Jansky, S.H.  2006.  Overcoming hybridization barriers in potato.  Plant Breeding 125:1-12.

Jansky, S.H. and S.J. Peloquin.  2006.  Advantages of wild diploid Solanum species over cultivated diploid relatives in potato breeding programs.  Genet Resour Crop Evol 53:669-675.

Karlsson, B.H., J.P. Palta and P.M. Crump.  2006.  Enhancing tuber calcium concentration may reduce incidence of blackspot bruise injury in potatoes.  HortSci 41(5):1213-1221.

Keifenheim, D.L., A.G. Smith and C.B.S. Tong.  2006.  Cloning and accumulation of anthocyanins biosynthesis genes in developing tubers.  Am J Potato Res 83:233-239.

Kouassi, A.B., M.C. Kerlan, M. Sobczak, J.P. Dantec, C. Rouaux, D. Ellisseche, and D. Mugniery.  2005.  Genetics and phenotypic characterization of the hypersensitive resistance of Solanum sparsipilum to Meloidogyne incognita.  Nematology 7(2):213-225.

Kozlov, V.A.  2006.  Dihaploids in potato breeding in Institute for potato growing of NAS of Belarus.  Questions of potato growing.  Actual problems of a science and practice.  Proc. Int. Conf.  All-Russian Potato Research Institute, Moskov, 2006.  pp 388-391.

Kuhl, Joseph C. and D.S. Douches.  2006.  Characterization of RB transgenic potato lines.  Am J Potato Res 83:118. (Abstract)

Kumar, Vinod, Jai Gopal and K.R. Dhiman.  2005.  Combining ability analysis for tuber yield and late blight in potato.  Potato J 32(3/4):129-130.

Li, H-Y, Q. Chen, D. Beasley, and M. Goettel.  2006.  Karyotype and evaluation analysis of Mexican wild species and tetraploid potato Solanum tuberosum by fluorescence in situ hybridization.  Am J Potato Res 83:118-119. (Abstract)

Li, HaiYan, Qin Chen, D. Beasley, D.R. Lynch, and M. Goettel.  2006.  Karyotypic evolution and molecular cytogenetic analysis of Solanum pinnatisectum, a new source of resistance to late blight and Colorado potato beetle in potato.  Cytologia 71(1):25-33.

Li, XianPing, ShuLian Li, QiJun Sui, QiongFen Yang, and JianMing Bai.  2006.  Research on parthenogenesis induction in Yunnan potato cultivars.  J Yunnan Ag University 21(3):293-296.

Love, S.L., R.G. Novy, J. Whitworth, D.L. Corsini, J.J. Pavek, A.R. Mosley, M.J. Pavek, N.R. Knowles, C.R. Brown, S.R. James, and D.C. Hane.  2006.  Western Russet: A new potato variety with excellent fresh market and frozen-fried processing quality and field resistance to common scab and PVY^o.  Am J Potato Res 83:161-169.

Love, S.L., R.G. Novy, J. Whitworth, D.L. Corsini, J.J. Pavek, A.R. Mosley, M.J. Pavek, N.R. Knowles, C.R. Brown, S.R. James, D.C. Hane, and J.C. Miller.  2006.  GemStar Russet: A potato variety with high yield, good culinary quality, excellent fresh market appearance, and resistance to common scab.  Am J Potato Res 83:171-180.

Lozoya-Saldana, H., D. Perales-Rosas, S.P. Fernandez-Pavia, and N.J. Grunwald.  2006.  Characterization of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) De Bary.  II. Subpopulations obtained from wild Solanum species.  Agrociencia (Montecillo) 40(3):325-333.

Lu QiNeng and Yang Qing.  2006.  cDNA cloning and expression of anthocyanins biosynthetic genes in wild potato (Solanum pinnatisectum).  African J Biotech 5(10)”811-818.

Madsen, Dorothy K., Kirsten K. Sorensen, Marianne H. Madsen, and Hanne Grethe Kirk.  2006.  A CAPS marker derived from tomato 12-oxophytodienoate reductase shows putative co-segregation with potato late blight resistance.  Am J Potato Res 83:349-355.

Malakar, R.D. and W.M. Tingey.  2006.  Aspects of tuber resistance in hybrid potatoes to potato tuber worm.  Entomol Exp Appl 120:131-137.

Malhotra, Kanam, Sandhya Agarwal, Debasis Patta-Nayak, and J.S. Minhas.  2005.  Post-transcriptional silencing of GA20OX1 in potato.  Potato J 32(3/4):147-148.

Marczewski, W., D. Strzelczyk-Zyta, J. Hennig, K. Witek, and C. Gebhardt.  2006.  Potato chromosomes IX and XI carry genes for resistance to potato virus M.  Theor Appl Genet 112(7):1232-1238.

Marfil, C.F., R.W. Masuelli, J. Davison, and L. Comai.  2006.  Genomic instability in Solanum tuberosum x Solanum kurtzianum interspecific hybrids.  Genome 49(2):104-113.

Medeiros, A.H. and W.M. Tingey.  2006.  Glandular trichomes of Solanum berthaultii Hawkes and its hybrids with S. tuberosum L. affect nymph emergence, growth, development and survival of Empoasca fabae (Harris) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae).  J Econ Entomol 99:1483-1489.

Millett, B.P. and J.M. Bradeen.  2006.  Development of allele-specific PCR and RT-PCR assays for clustered resistance genes using a potato late blight resistance transgene as a model.  Theor Appl Genet 114:501-513.

Millett, B.P. and J.M. Bradeen.  2006.  Transgene-specific PCR and RT-PCR assays for the potato late blight R gene RB.  Plant & Animal Genome XIV, San Diego, CA. (Abstract)

Mollov, D.S., M.J. Sanchez and J.M. Bradeen.  2006.  Does intergenic recombination play an important role in evolution of alleles at the RB late blight resistance locus?  Plant & Animal Genome XIV, San Diego, CA. (Abstract)

Murphy, Patrick, G. Wang-Pruski and D.M. Pinto.  2006.  Identification of proteins involved in after-cooking darkening in potato.  Am J Potato Res 83:124.  (Abstract)

Musmeci, S., P. Gambino, V. Innocenzi, S. Arnone, and A. Lai.  2005.  Eliciting of resistance against potato tuber moth larvae in tubers of Solanum tuberosum (+) S. pinnatisectum hybrids.  In: Proceedings of the Meeting of the Physiology Section of the European Assoc. for Potato Research, Viterbo, Italy; June 14-16, 2004.  R. Casa and R. Viola (eds.).  Acta Hort 684:135-141.

Narayanan, Karthikeyan and Gefu Wang-Pruski.  2006.  Gene expression studies on genetic control of after-cooking darkening in diploid potatoes.  Am J Potato Res 83:124-125. (Abstract)

Navarre, Roy, R. Shakya and J. Holden.  2006.  Analysis of tuber phenolics compounds in diverse potato germplasm.  Am J Potato Res 83:125. (Abstract)

Navarro, F., B. Bowen, J. Jiang, H.I. Groza, and J.P. Palta.  2006.  Development of varieties with enhanced resistance to common scab. In A.J. Bussan and M. Drilias (eds.).  Proceedings of the Wisconsin’s Annual Potato Meeting.  pp. 135-142. (Abstract)

Navarro, F., B. Bowen, J. Jiang, H.I. Groza, and J.P. Palta.  2006.  Pedigree and performance of improved varieties and breeding lines of potato.   In Potato Association of America/Solanaceae 2006 Annual Meeting.  p. 154 (Abstract)

Novy, R.G.  2006.  The use of the wild potato species, Solanum etuberosum, in developing virus- and insect-resistant potato varieties.  pp.174-177.  In: G. Acquaah, Principles of Plant genetics and Breeding.  Blackwell Publishing Ltd., Malden, Massachusetts, USA.

Novy, R.G., S.L. Love, D.L. Corsini, J.J. Pavek, J.L. Whitworth, A.R. Mosley, S.R. James, D.C. Hane, C.C. Shock, K.A. Rykbost, C.R. Brown, R.E. Thornton, N.R. Knowles, M.J. Pavek, N. Olsen, and D.A. Inglis.  2006.  Defender: A high-yielding, processing potato cultivar with foliar and tuber resistance to late blight.  Am J Potato Res 83:9-19.

Novy, R.G., S.L. Love, D.L. Corsini, J.J. Pavek, J.L. Whitworth, A.R. Mosley, S.R. James, D.C. Hane, C.C. Shock, K.A. Rykbost, C.R. Brown, R.E. Thornton, N.R. Knowles, M.J. Pavek, N. Olsen, and D.A. Inglis.  2006.  Defender: A high-yielding, processing potato cultivar with foliar and tuber resistance to late blight.  Am J Potato Res 83:126. (Abstract)

Novy, Richard G., J.M. Alvarez, S.B. Sterrett, T.P. Kuhar, and D. Horton.  2006.  Progeny of a tri-species potato somatic hybrid express resistance to wireworm in eastern and western potato production regions of the U.S.  Am J Potato Res 83:126. (Abstract)

Novy, R.G., J.S. Miller, L.D. Porter, S. Yilma, and A.R. Mosley.  2006.  Identification and use of Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena clones having both foliar and tuber resistance to late blight.  Am J Potato Res 83:126-127. (Abstract)

Park, YoungEun, HyunMook Cho, JeomSoon Kim, JungYoon Yi, and JiHong Cho.  2005.  Evaluation of common scab (Streptomyces scabies) resistance of potato germplasm.  Korean J Breed 37(5):275-281.

Pelletier, Y.  2006.  Potato resistance to insects.  Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, China.  (Nov. 04)  (Invited by Dr. Jinian Feng, Dean of the College of Plant Protection to address ~150 graduate students.)

Pelletier, Y.  2006.  Wild tuber-bearing Solanum species: A source of insect resistance.  Annual meeting of the Entomological Society of Canada, Montreal, Nov. 18-22^nd.

Pelletier, Y., P. Dexter, R. Coffin, C. Clark, M. Bejan, E. Lucas, C. Vincent, V. LeRoux, and P. Giordanengo.  2006.  Potato resistance to aphids.  Northeast Potato Technology Forum.  Bangor, Maine, USA, March 25-26.

Pelletier, Y., P. Dexter, R. Coffin.  2006.  Resistance to aphids in some wild potatoes.  17^th International Plant Resistance to Insects Workshop.  Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, April 9-12^th.

Pelletier, Y. and D. de Koeyer.  2006.  Progress in the development of a potato resistant to the Colorado potato beetle.  17^th International Plant Resistance to Insects Workshop.  Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA, April 9-12^th.

Pelletier, Y. and D. de Koeyer.  2006.  Potato resistance to insects.  International Potato Symposium: Bridging Genomics, Varieties and Seed.  Wuhan, China, Nov. 7-10^th.

Phumichai, C., M. Mori, A. Kobayashi, O. Kamijima, and K. Hosaka.  2005.  Toward the development of highly homozygous diploid potato lines using the self-compatibility controlling Sli gene.  Genome 48(6):977-984.

Phumichai, C., Y. Ikeguchi-Samitsu, M. Fujimatsu, S. Kitanishi, A. Kobayashi, M. Mori, and K. Hosaka.  2006.  Expression of S-locus inhibitor gene (Sli) in various diploid potatoes.  Euphytica 148(3):227-234.

Phumichai, C. and K. Hosaka.  2006.  Cryptic improvement for fertility by continuous selfing of diploid potatoes using Sli gene.  Euphytica 149(1/2):251-258.

Porter, Gregory and P.C. Ocaya.  2006.  Reeves Kingpin compared to Shepody for processing: nitrogen, harvest date, and seedpiece spacing response.  Am J Potato Res 83:129. (Abstract)

Qin Xike, BoLin  Liu, J. Soulard, D. Morse, and M. Cappadocia.  Style-by-style analysis of two sporadic self-compatible Solanum chacoense lines supports a primary role for S-Rnases in determining pollen rejection thresholds.  J Exp Botany 57(9):2001-2013.

Quirin, E.A. and J.M. Bradeen.  2006.  Efficient recovery of resistance gene analogs from Solanum bulbocastanum.  Plant & Animal Genome XIV, San Diego, CA. (Abstract)

Rauscher, G.M., C.D. Smart, I. Simko, M. Bonierbale, H. Mayton, A. Greenland, and W.E. Fry.  2006.  Characterization and mapping of R_Pi-ber, a novel potato late blight resistance gene from Solanum berthaultii.  Theor Appl Genet 112(4):674-687. 

Regan, S., V. Gustafson, S. Mallubhotla, B. Chakravarty, M. Bagchi, M. Siahbaza, C. Rothwell, R. Sardana, C. Goyer, P. Audy, Li XiuQing, G. Wang-Pruski, D. de Koeyer, and B. Flinn.  2006.  Finding the perfect potato: using functional genomics to improve disease resistance and tuber quality traits.  In: Selected papers from a special symposium at the Annual Meeting of the Canadian Pathological Society commemorating the 75^th Anniversary, Ottawa, Canada, June 2004.  Canadian J Plant Path 28(Suppl.):247-255.

Rizza, M. dalla, F.L. Vilaro, D.G. Torres, and D. Maeso.  2006.  Detection of PVY extreme resistance genes in potato germplasm from the Uruguayan breeding program.  Am J Potato Res 83:297-304.

Rorat, T., B.M. Szabala, W.J. Grygorowicz, B. Wójtowicz, Z. Yin, and P. Rey.  2006.  Expression of SK₃-type dehydrin in transporting organs is associated with cold acclimation in Solanum species.  Planta 224:205-221.

Rubio-Covarrubias, O.A., D.S. Douches, R. Hammerschmidt, A. daRocha, and W.W. Kirk.  2006.  Effect of photoperiod and temperature on resistance against Phytophthora infestans in susceptible and resistance potato cultivars: Effect on deposition of structural phenolics on the cell wall and resistance to penetration.  Am J Potato Res 83:325-334.

Ruiz, R.A.C., C. Herrera, M. Ghislain, and C. Gebhardt.  2005.  Organization of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), acidic PR-5 and Osmotin-like (OSM) defence-response gene families in the potato genome.  Mol Genet Genom 274(2):168-179.

Sanchez, J.D., A. Lopez and L.E. Rodriguez.  2005.  Determining critical stages in the Solanum phureja potato crop’s phonological development regarding Guatemalan potato moth Tecia solanivora (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) attack.  Agronomia Colombiana 23(2):230-238.

Sanchez, M.J. and J.B. Bradeen.  2006.  Towards efficient isolation of R gene orthologs from multiple genotypes: optimization of Long Range-PCR.  Mol Breed 17:137-148.

Shaterian, J., D. Waterer, H. de Jong, and K.K. Tanino.  2005.  Differential stress responses to NaCl salt application in early- and late-maturing diploid potato (Solanum sp.) clones.  Environ Exp Bot 54(3):202-212.

Simko, I., S. Costanzo, V. Ramanjulu, B.J. Christ, and K.G. Haynes.  2006.  Mapping polygenes for tuber resistance to late blight in a diploid Solanum phureja – S. stenotomum hybrid population.  Am J Potato Res 83:133. (Abstract)

Simko, I., S. Costanzo, V. Ramanjulu, B.J. Christ, and K.G. Haynes.  2006.  Mapping polygenes for tuber resistance to late blight in a diploid Solanum phureja – S. stenotomum hybrid population.  Plant Breeding 125(4):385-389.

Sliwka, J., H. Jakuczun, R. Lebecka, W. Marczewski, C. Gebhardt, and E. Zimnoch-Guzowska.  2006.  The novel, major locus Rpi-phu1 for late blight resistance maps to potato chromosome IX and is not correlated with long vegetation period.  Theor Appl Genet 113(4):685-695.

Song YeSu, L. Hepting, G. Schweizer, L. Hartl, G. Wenzel, and A. Schwarzfischer.  2005.  Mapping of extreme resistance to PVY (Ry_sto) on chromosome XII using anther-culture-derived primary dihaploid potato lines.  Theor Appl Genet 111(5):879-887.

Sorensen, K.K., M.H. Madsen, H.G. Kirk, D.K. Madsen, and A.M. Torp.  2006.  Linkage and quantitative trait locus mapping of foliage late blight resistance in the wild species Solanum vernei.  Plant Breeding 125(3):268-276. 

Sowokinos, J.R. and S.K. Gupta.  2006.  Increasing the long-term storage quality of potatoes through the introduction of an anti- sweetening gene UgpA.  Area II (MN) Potato Research Reporting and Planning Session, pp. 1-3.

Sterrett, S.B., K.G. Haynes and Dennis J. Timlin.  2006.  Temperature regime in growth chamber identified for expression of internal heat necrosis.  Am J Potato Res 83:134. (Abstract)

Sterrett, S.B., K.G. Haynes, G.C. Yencho, M.R. Henninger, and B.T. Vinyard.  2006.  4 x -2 x Potato clones with resistance or susceptibility to internal heat necrosis differ in tuber mineral status.  Crop Sci 46(4):1471-1478.

Sukhotu, T. and K. Hosaka.  2006.  Origin and evolution of Andean potatoes revealed by chloroplast and nuclear DNA markers.  Genome 49:636-647.

Sukhotu, T., O. Kamijima and K. Hosaka.  2006.  Chloroplast DNA variation in the most primitive cultivated diploid potato species Solanum stenotomum Juz. et Buk. And its putative wild ancestral species using high-resolution markers.  Genet Resour Crop Evol 53:53-63.

Syverson, R., B.P. Millett and J.M. Bradeen.  2006.  Fine mapping of resistance gene regions in Solanum bulbocastanum using a novel MAMA PCR-based mapping approach.  Solanaceae Genome Workshop, Madison, WI. (Abstract)

Thompson, A.L., B.L. Farnsworth, G.A. Secor, N.C. Gudmestad, D.A. Preston, and H. Hatterman-Valenti.  2006.  Dakota Jewel: An attractive, new, bright red-skinned, fresh market potato cultivar with improved storage characteristics.  Am J Potato Res 83:373-379.

Thompson, A.L., G.A. Secor, J.H. Lorenzen, B.L. Farnsworth, R.G. Novy, N.C. Gudmestad, E.T. Holm, and D.A. Preston.  2006.  Dakota Rose: A bright red tablestock potato cultivar that retains its skin color in storage.  Am J Potato Res 83:317-323.

Vossen, E.A.G. van der, J. Gros, A. Sikkema, M. Muskens, D. Wouters, P. Wolters, A. Pereira, and S. Allefs.  2005.  The Rpi-blb2 gene from Solanum bulbocastanum is an Mi-1 gene homolog conferring broad-spectrum late blight resistance in potato.  Plant J 44(2):208-222.

Vyšniauskienė, R. and A. Radžiūnaitė-Paukštienė.  2004.  The soluble proteins of the chloroplast in frost resistant hybrids of potato Solanum tuberosum L. and S. commersonii Dun.  Sodininkystė ir Daržininkystė 23(2):284-290.

Winfield, M., D. Lloyd, W. Griffiths, J. Bradshaw, D. Muir, I. Nevison, and G. Bryan.  2005.  Assessing organoleptic attributes of Solanum tuberosum and S. phureja potatoes.  In: Production and protection of sugar beet and potatoes, Homerton College, Cambridge, UK, Dec. 15-16, 2005.  G. Champion, M.F.B. Dale, K. Jaggard, W.E. Parker, J. Pickup, and M. Stevens (eds.).  Aspects of Appl Bio 76:127-135.

Yin, Z., T. Rorat, B.M. Szabala, A. Ziólkowska, and S. Malepszy.  2006.  Expression of a Solanum sogarandium SK3-type dehydrin enhances cold tolerance in transgenic cucumber seedlings.  Plant Sci 170:1164-1172.

Zhao, Yan, Qian Zhao, GuangMing Ao, and JingJuan Yu.  2006.  Characterization and functional analysis of a pollen-specific gene st901 in  Solanum tuberosum.  Planta 224(2):405-412.

C.        Theses Reporting Research with NRSP-6 Stocks

Davis, J.A.  2006.  Identifying and mapping novel mechanisms of host plant resistance to aphids and viruses in diverse potato populations.  Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Minnesota.

Draaistra, J.  2006.  Genetic analyses of root-knot nematode resistance in potato.  Ph.D. Thesis, 96 pp., Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.

Ortiz-Medina, E.  2006.  Potato tuber protein and its manipulation by chimeral disassembly using specific tissue explantation for somatic embryogenesis.  McGill University Doctoral Thesis, pp. 152.

Quirin, E.A.  2006.  Resistance Gene Analog (RGA) Library Development for the Wild Potato Species, Solanum bulbocastanum and the Analysis of Non-RGA Sequences Obtained via the Polymerace Chain Reaction (PCR) Using Degenerate Primers.  M.S., University of Minnesota.

7.  APPROVED

            __________________________________________            __________

            J. C. Miller, Jr., Chairman, Technical Committee                       Date

            __________________________________________            __________

            S.A. Slack, Lead Administrative Advisor                                  Date