Babe Ruth
2

May 7, 1915

NEW YORK CLUBS DEFEAT BOSTON’S TWO TEAMS---PHILLIES DEFEAT DODGERS

HIGH AND COOK SPILL RED SOX IN 13TH

Yankees Win Close and Hard-Fought Battle at the Polo Grounds, 4 to 3.

Those Yanks won another game up at the Polo Grounds yesterday, after fighting the Boston Red Sox tooth and nail for thirteen innings. Doc Cook, with a healthy smash to the right, sent Hugh High over the plate with the winning run when one man was out in the thirteenth. The score was 4 to 3. It was the first extra-inning game of the season, and about 5,000 fans were worked up to mid-August enthusiasms over the tussle.

The Bostons looked like sure enough winners up to the ninth inning. At that time Boston was leading 3 to 2. In the last of the ninth, with two out, Daniel Boone set off some fireworks with a two-base slam to centre which scored Dock Cook with the tying run. About this time Cy Pieh went in to pitch for the Yankees, and too much cannot be said about Pieh’s efforts in the pitching line. He held the threatening Red Sox in check and mowed them down in order when they had desperate designs on the game. He did a smart piece of work in the eleventh inning, when the Sox got two men on bases. Pieh tightened up and retired the side on strike-outs.

For Boston, the big left-handed pitcher, Babe Ruth, was all that a pitcher is supposed to be, and some more. He put his team into the running in the third inning by smashing a mighty rap into the upper tier of the right-field grand stand. Ruth also had two other hits to his credit. His pitching throughout was of high order, and it was only after the hardest kind of effort that the Yanks were able to break through his service.

Boston introduced an accomplished new infielder in McNally, who cavorted playfully around third base. Charley Wagner has returned to the game and is now playing second base and the Red Sox line-up looks like a formidable combination. The team is handicapped, however, because of the absence of Joe Wood, Vean Gregg and Leonard from active service.

Jack Warhop’s pitching was not badly abused by the Bostons. They did not hit him very often, but when they did connect, the ball seemed to have every intention of going out of the lot. Ruth was the first batsman to face Warhop in the third inning and with no apparent effort he slammed a home run into the grand stand.

The Yankees tied the score in the fourth inning. Cook was safe on Wagner’s error and he stole second. Peck popped to Wagner and Boone was safe on McNally’s weird toss to first. As Nunamaker forced Boone at second, Cook scored. The Red Sox went to the front in the seventh. With one out, Bill Carrigan doubled to left. After Ruth struck out, and Hooper walked, Wagner jammed a hit to left, scoring Carrigan.

In the eighth, Boston got another. Duffy Lewis hit a double to left and Hoblitzel sacrificed. Scott’s double to left centre sent Lewis home. The Yankees began to get busy in the eighth inning. With one gone, Maisel singled and stole second, going around to third on Carrigan’s wild toss to second. As McNally was throwing out Roy Hartzell at first, Maisel scored.

Then followed the giddy ninth when Dan Boone wrought havoc with Ruth’s pitching. In that round, Pipp was an easy out at first and Cook was hit by a pitched ball. Cole stole second. Peck sent a high fly to Hoblitzel, and then Boone crashed his double to right centre, scoring Cook and tying the score.

The Yankees had a splendid opportunity to win in the eleventh inning. Pipp opened the session with a single, and after two men had been retired, Ruth was afraid to take a chance with Boone, so he gave him an intentional pass, and, Nunamaker, following Daniel, hoisted a high fly to Hooper in right.

Pieh’s great pitching saved the Yanks the game in the eleventh. Henriksen, pinch-hitting for Bill Carrigan, doubled and sent Scott around to third. Pieh then struck out the next two batters.

High opened the thirteenth inning with a single and stole second. After Pipp had struck out, Cook produced his timely single to right and High romped home with the game.

On Monday, a crowd of more than 8,000 sailors from the fleet will be the guests of the Yankee owners at the Polo Grounds. The score:

Boston. New York.

AB R H PO A AB R H PO A

H’per, rf. 5 0 0 1 1 Maisel, 3b. 5 1 2 3 1
Wag’r, 2b. 5 0 3 4 2 Hart’l, lf. 4 0 0 0 0
Sp’k’r, cf. 4 0 0 2 0 High, cf. 6 1 3 4 2
Lewis, lf. 6 1 3 2 0 Pipp, lb. 6 0 1 14 0
Hob’l, lb. 5 0 0 20 0 Cook, rf. 5 2 2 2 0
Scott, ss. 5 0 1 0 6 P’k’gh, ss. 5 0 0 2 6
McN’y, 3b. 6 0 0 2 5 Boone, 2b. 4 0 2 4 3
Car’gan, c. 4 1 1 3 1 Nua’er, c. 5 0 0 10 2
*Henr’n 1 0 1 0 0 Warh’p, p., 2 0 0 0 1
Tho’s, c. 0 0 0 2 0 ;ddMul’en 1 0 0 0 0
Ruth, p 5 1 3 1 5

Total 46 3 12 37 20 Total 45 4 10 39 17

*Batted for Carrigan in eleventh inning.
;sdOne out when winning run was scored.
;ddBatted for Warhop in eighth inning.

Errors---Wagner, McNally, Carrigan, Ruth, Maisel, Pieh.

Boston 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0---3
New York 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1---4

Two-base hits---Carrigan, Lewis, Scott, Boone. Home run---Ruth. Stolen bases---Cook, 2; Maisel, Hooper, Hartzell, High. Earned runs---New York, 2; Boston, 3. Sacrifice hits---Speaker, Hartzell, Hoblitzel. Double play---Peckinpaugh and Pipp. Left on bases---New York, 9; Boston, 10. First base on errors---New York, 2; Boston, 2. Bases on balls---Off Warhop, 4; off Ruth, 3. Hits---Off Warhop, 10 in 8 innings; off Pieh, 2 in 5 innings. Hit by pitcher---By Ruth (Cook). Struck out---By Warhop, 1; by Pick, 6; by Ruth, 3. Wild pitch---Ruth. Umpires---Messrs. Evans and Mullaney. Time of game, two hours and thirty-five minutes.

September 6, 1918

RED SOX BEAT CUBS IN INITIAL BATTLE OF WORLD’S SERIES

RUTH STAR IN TALE OF BOSTON VICTORY

Detailed Play, Inning by Inning, Shows Mastery of Big Red Sox Twirler.

CHICAGO, Sept. 5.---While the managers and umpires were conferring an immense horseshoe of roses was brought to the home plate and presented to Fred Mitchell, manager of the Chicago team. Charles Deal, third baseman of the locals, was given a big bouquet of roses.

The umpires were assigned as follows: balls and strikes, O’Day; first base, Hildebrand, second base, Klem; third base, Owens.

The game in detail was as follows:

FIRST INNING.---Red Sox---Hooper was cheered as he walked to the plate. Vaughn’s first pitch was a strike. Hooper bumped the second offering down the first base line and was out, Merkle to Vaughn. Shean took two strikes and then dropped a Texas leaguer in right. Strunk forced Shean, Deal to Pick, the Chicago second baseman losing a chance for a double play by a momentary fumble. Strunk tried to advance to second on a short passed ball and was thrown out, Killifer to Hollocher. NO RUNS. ONE HIT. NO ERROR.

FIRST INNING.---Cubs---Flack fanned, the third strike being called when it shot over the outside corner, shoulder high. Hollocher grounded out, Shean to McInnis. Mann sent a duplicate grounder at Shean, but the ball hopped over the second baseman’s head for a single. Paskert singled sharply to left and Mann went to third, Paskert taking second on the throw to the far corner. Merkle ran his string to three and two and then walked, filling the bases. This brought up Pick, who made his world series debut in a world series pinch. Pick, on the fourth pitch, flied to Whiteman. NO RUNS. TWO HITS. NO ERRORS.

SECOND INNING.---Red Sox---Whiteman opened with a single to centre. It was a fast grounder between Hollocher and Pick. McInnis sacrificed, Vaughn to Merkle, placing a nice bunt close to the line, Whiteman going to second. Scott took a ball and a strike, fouled into the stands for the second strike, and then flied to Flack. Thomas’s grounder bounced high in the air, but a fast play retired him, Merkle to Vaughn. NO RUNS. ONE HIT. NO ERRORS.

SECOND INNING.---Cubs---Ruth’s control seemed not of the best. His first two pitches to Deal were high and wide. The next two were called strikes and Deal then grounded out, Ruth to McInnins. Killifer was applauded when he came to bat. He grounded out, Shean to McInnis. Vaughn also drew a patter of applause from the fans. He fouled out to Agnew. NO RUNS. NO HITS. NO ERRORS.

THIRD INNING.---Red Sox---Agnew waited till the call was three balls and two strikes and then fouled out to Killifer. Ruth was cheered when he came up. He drove a hard liner to centre. Paskert stumbled, but recovered quickly and captured the ball. Hooper caught a curve on the end of his bat and drove it safely to left. Hooper went out stealing, Killifer to Hollocher. NO RUNS. ONE HIT. NO ERRORS.

THIRD INNING.---Cubs---Flack singled to short centre, the hit dropping between Shean and Strunk. Hollocher sacrificed, Thomas to McInnis, the veteran first baseman making a good catch of a wide throw. Flack went to second on the play. Mann grounded out, Shean to McInnis, Flack taking third. Paskert grounded out, Scott to McInnis. NO RUNS. ONE HIT. NO ERRORS.

FOURTH INNING.---Red Sox---Vaughn lost control and passed Shean. Strunk bunted a pop fly to Vaughn. Whiteman made his second hit, a looping drive which just cleared Hollocher’s mitt. Shean went to second. Shean scored on McInnis’s hard single to left, Whiteman moving to second. Scott bunted a pop fly, which Deal caught on the run, Whiteman barely scrambled back to second in safety. Thomas fanned, swinging heavily at the third strike. ONE RUN. TWO HITS. NO ERRORS.

FOURTH INNING.---Cubs---Merkle drove a high fly to Hooper. Pick fanned, offering weakly at the third strike, which was low and wide. Deal put up a high fly which Hooper had no trouble in capturing. NO RUNS. NO HITS. NO ERRORS.

FIFTH INNING.---Red Sox---Agnew out, Deal to Merkle. Ruth was again cheered when he came up to bat. Vaughn worked carefully and fanned the big Boston pitcher. The feat drew the first pot cheering from the shivering crowd. Hooper grounded out, Vaughn to Merkle. NO RUNS. NO HITS. NO ERRORS.

FIFTH INNING.---Cubs---Killifer’s high fly dropped into Whiteman’s hands. Vaughn fouled twice, then swung at a curve and missed for the third strike. Flack was hit on the head, but showed no ill effects as he went to first. Hollocher flied to Strunk. NO RUNS. NO HITS. NO ERRORS.

SIXTH INNING.---Red Sox---Shean ran his string up to the three-and-two count and then let the third strike go by. Strunk drove a sharp grounder at Vaughn, who threw him out to Merkle. Flack captured Whiteman’s foul fly after a short run. NO RUNS. NO HITS. NO ERRORS.

SIXTH INNING.---Cubs---The crowd began to root for a Chicago run as Mann came to the plate. The left fielder responded with an easy fly to Hooper. Paskert hit safely to centre, and the rooting started again. Merkle drove a hit through the box and over second base, Paskert advancing to the middle station. Pick, with orders to sacrifice, popped a foul fly on his first attempt. He then grounded out to McInnis unassisted, both runners moving up. With an opportunity to sew up the game, Deal flied to Whiteman. NO RUNS. NO HITS. NO ERRORS.

SEVENTH INNING.---Red Sox---McInnis flied to Paskert in short centre. Hollocher made a fine stop of Scott’s sharp grounder and threw him out at first. Thomas fanned on three pitched balls. NO RUNS. NO HITS. NO ERRORS.

SEVENTH INNING.---Cubs---The band halted the proceedings by playing “The Star-Spangled Banner.” The players, with the exception of Thomas, stood at civilian salute, the Great Lakes sailor coming to the military pose. Killifer flied to Strunk, Vaughn hit far to Scott’s right, but the Boston shortstop skidded over and made a one-handed pickup, throwing his man out at first. Flack grounded out, Scott to McInnis. There were less than half a dozen balls pitched in this inning. NO RUNS. NO HITS. NO ERRORS.

EIGHTH INNING.---Red Sox---Agnew went out, Deal to Merkle. For the third time the crowd rooted for a hit from Ruth. He fanned out three pitched balls, fouling the first and swinging heavily at two sharp-breaking curves that followed. Hooper out, Pick to Merkle. NO. RUNS. NO HITS. NO ERRORS.

EIGHTH INNING.---Cubs---Hollocher grounded down the first-base line, and was out to McInnis, unassisted. Mann flied to Whiteman. The crowd turned its attention to the formation of six warplanes which flew over the field. Paskert let the third strike go by and was called out. NO RUNS. NO HITS. NO ERRORS.

NINTH INNING.---Red Sox---Shean walked. Strung sacrificed, Vaughn to Merkle, Shean moving to second. Whiteman fanned, the third strike being a foul tip. McInnis was purposely passed. Scott grounded out, Vaughn to Merkle. NO RUNS. NO HITS. NO ERRORS.

NINTH INNING.---Cubs---Merkle flied to Whiteman. O’Farrell batted for Pick. He waited carefully until the count was three and two and then popped to Thomas. Deal beat out a hit down the third-base line. McCabe ran for Deal. On the hit and run Killifer flied to Hooper. NO RUNS. NO HITS. NO ERRORS.

September 6, 1918

RED SOX BEAT CUBS IN INITIAL BATTLE OF WORLD’S SERIES

ONE RUN GIVES RED SOX FIRST GAME OF SERIES

Babe Ruth’s Mighty Arm Holds Cubs Scoreless Through Nine Torrid Innings.

McINNIS’S BAT SETTLES IT

Boston First Baseman Drives Ball to Left Field for Hit Which Scores Shean.

Special to The New York Times.

CHICAGO, Sept. 5.---Far different from any incident that has ever occurred in the history of baseball was the great moment in the first world’s series game between the Chicago Cubs and the Boston Red Sox, which came at Comisky Park this afternoon during the seventh inning stretch. As the crowd of 19,274 spectators---the smallest that has witnessed the diamond classic in many years---stood up to take their afternoon yawn, that has been the privilege and custom of baseball fans for many generations, the band broke forth to the strains of “The Star-Spangled Banner.”

The yawn was checked and heads were bared as the ball players turned quickly about and faced the music. Jackie Fred Thomas of the U.S. Navy was at attention, as he stood erect, with his eyes set on the flag fluttering at the top of the lofty pole in right field. First the song was taken up by a few, then others joined, and when the final notes came, a great volume of melody rolled across the field. It was at the very end that the onlookers exploded into thunderous applause and rent the air with a cheer that marked the highest point of the day’s enthusiasm.

The mind of the baseball fan was on the war. The patriotic outburst following the singing of the national anthem was far greater than the upheaval of emotion which greeted Babe Ruth, the Boston southpaw, when he conquered Hippo Jim Vaughn and the Cubs in a seething flinging duel by a score of 1 to 0. The cheers for America’s stirring song were greater even than the demonstration offered Vaughn when he twice made the mighty Ruth whiff the air.

Game Brilliantly Played.

This was an unusually brilliant exhibition of baseball for world’s series play. There were no misplays, no errors of judgment, no let-up in the tense, earnest work of the rival players. Stripped of much of the pomp and glamour usually attending world’s series games, the players this afternoon were not so high-strung. They were at their very best and played the kind of baseball expected in critical games during the season.

The Cubs successfully stilled the perilous home-run bat of Ruth, but they overlooked the menace of his pitching arm. Manager Barrow operated a little surprise when he sent Ruth to the mound. Joe Bush had warmed up and was ready to take the pitching responsibility, but the Baltimore mauler was named for the task.

Hippo Vaughn pitched a great game. At only one moment was there a blemish on his performance. That one weak spot, which caused him to bow before the superior flinging of Ruth, was a base on balls to Dave Shean in the fourth inning.

Shean was the first batsman to face Vaughn in that round. There was a bit of white tape on Shean’s injured left finger. Maybe it was the knowledge of this bruised finger that caused Vaughn to be a bit careless in pitching to the Boston second sacker. Anyway, Hippo gave Shean a pass. Amos Strunk attempted to sacrifice, but instead he lifted up a pop fly which Vaughn nipped after a high jump.

George Whiteman, who has not had serious consideration in the series, slammed a steaming one-base drive to centre field, and Shean stood safely at second.

McInnis Decides Game.

Next came to the bat Stuffy McInnis, the modest little graduate of the baseball university of Connie Mack. Jack McInnis is a cool, cautious citizen in a pinch of this kind. If Manager Barrow had his choice, he could not have chosen a better man than this same sawed-off lad from Gloucester.

Jim Vaughn’s repertoire of curves responded beautifully to the twist of his fingers, and there was no fear in his heart as he speeded the ball over to little Jack. McInnis set himself, took a tremendous swing, and the ball hummed its way out to left field, while Shean started on a wild dash from second base.

Leslie Mann, Chicago’s left fielder, raced over and checked the truant ball. Shean did not even stop to look, but tore around third base toward home as Mann picked up the ball and hurled it to Killifer. Shean may have had a badly injured finger, but there was nothing the matter with his feet, for he galloped home, taking the last few yards with a long, desperate slide, and beat the ball in by inches.

There was the ball game right there.

Whatever danger there was of Ruth’s weakening was gone, for after that he was exhilarated with the thrill of triumph. That one lone run grew larger as the pitchers battled along, both displaying an impenetrable mysticism of curves. That lonesome unit grew taller and taller in the mind of Babe Ruth, until, when the ninth inning came, it was as high as the aviation altitude record.

This is the first world’s series 1 to 0 game since the great Mathewson, in the heyday of his glory, pitched the Philadelphia Athletics to defeat by that score in 1905. If the greatest reason for playing this world’s series this year was to give the boys overseas something to talk about besides war, this game today surely will serve the purpose. The cables and the wireless tonight had many things to flash across which will be topics of conversation for the courageous crusaders.

There was no getting away from the fact that there was a touch of sadness in the world’s series clash today. Empty seats, rows and rows of them, brought home to every man and woman in the crowd that the lads who have sat in those seats in the past were far, far from home on the world’s grimmest mission.

It is not surprising that only a few over 19,000 went through the gates. The far-reaching hand of war has thinned the ranks of the fans; it has thinned the ranks of the players, and even the most enthusiastic of today’s onlookers would not help but realize that this will probably be the last world’s series for a long, long time.

These were the thoughts uppermost in every one’s mind in that seventh inning stretch, when the baseball park suddenly blazed forth in an outburst of patriotism which caused every mother’s son in the stands to forget all about baseball.

Around the camp fires in France and on the decks of Uncle Sam’s battleships in foreign waters they will be talking, telling each other tomorrow about that miraculous play by Everett Scott in the seventh inning, when Scotty fairly wished himself over into left field to spear Jim Vaughn’s savage smash on his bare, stinging hand and throw the pitcher out at first while he was still tangled up like a pretzel in midair.

Flack’s Head Solid.

Yes, and the boys overseas will be telling each other what a hard, solid head Max Flack has. They will surely smile and wish their heads were as hard as Flack’s, who took the full force of one of Babe Ruth’s shoots right on the top of his cap in the fifth inning and sunk to the ground.

It was a fearful bang which resounded through the stands as the ball and Flack’s head met. Three doctors and half a dozen undertakers forgot about the game and were on their toes in a second, thinking that an important case was at hand. Naturally, you imagine that Flack was badly hurt. You have another imagine, because Max jumped up and walked down to first base without even rubbing his head. A toppiece like that would hardly need a steel helmet on the other side.

There was another great fielding play when Charley Hollocher, the sensational Cub shortstop, nipped Scott’s hit in the bud in the seventh inning and transformed it into a plain every day out with a marvelous stop and just as marvelous a toss to first base.

The Cubs went down to defeat fighting bitterly. Right up to the last putout Mitchell’s men were still confident that they would break through Ruth’s tricky curves. They twice had Ruth and Boston on the run, but it is much to the credit of the Boston men’s gameness that they were able to stem the tide and turn the Cubs back when they were threatening dangerously.

Cubs Have Early Chance.

The first inning saw the Cubs with victory within their grasp. After Flack had been called out on strikes in the opening inning and Hollocher had been neatly tossed out at first by Scott, Mann poked a fickle grounder down toward Shean at second base. The bouncing ball just touched a loose pebble enough to cause it to hop outrageously over Shean’s head for a single. Dode Paskert jammed a single through the big hole between Scott and Thomas, and Mann raced to third.

The ball had taken a bad bounce off Whiteman’s shins in left field, and as Whiteman recovered the ball and hurled it to third in a vain effort to cut off Mann, Paskert raced to second.

Here was the table all set for a nice run luncheon. Fred Merkle was the bat and unanimously elected to serve it. Ruth didn’t pitch any good ones to Merkle because he knows the former Giant first baseman of old. Merkle was patient and got a pass filling the bases.

If any one but Charley Pick was at the bat with this great chance staring him in the face, the result might have been different, but Pick is a youngster and was plainly nervous with so much responsibility packed on to his young shoulders. The best he could do was to lift a fly to Whiteman in left and end the Cubs’ greatest opportunity of the day.

Indeed, the Cubs again had a good chance in the sixth. In this inning Mann rocked the ball out to Harry Hooper in right field. Paskert stung a hit to centre and Merkle slapped one to the same bailiwick, and Ruth was becoming plainly worried. So was Manager Ed Barrow, and he gave Joe Bush the high sign, and Joe, far out in right field, again resumed the task of warming up which he had been diligently pursuing from the moment the game started. Pick, still nervous, was placed in this all important predicament again and this time he rolled a sacrifice down to Jack McInnis and two runners advanced a station nearer home and glory.

Deal Has Fine Chance.

With men on third and second and two out, Charley Deal, who proved his worth in a situation of this kind back in the great series of 1914, came to the bat and had good wishes of every one in Chicago with him. Deal fell far short of his 1914 reputation, and instead of sending the crowd into hysteria of joy he poked a fly to Whiteman and again the Cubs’ chances were flickering away.

There was still one saucy kick left in the Cubs when they came to the bat in the last of the ninth. Most of the crowd had taken it for granted that not a Chicago bat could prod the kind of pitching that Ruth was showing, and they had started for the exits. Merkle shot a rocket to Whiteman, and O’Farrell, batting for Pick, popped to Thomas.

Deal brought the spectators hustling back to their seats when he rolled the ball down the infield toward third and beat Thomas’s toss to first base. McCabe was injected into the pastime to serve as Deal’s propelling power.

Bill Killifer set his teeth tightly and took one last grand slam at the ball and shot a high ballooner between right and centre fields.

As the ball rose higher and higher Hooper and Strunk both set out after it. They both yelled that they had it exclusively, and, amid the cheering, their words fell on deaf ears.

On and on they came toward each other, and it looked as if a head-on collision was in the making. Hooper yelled again as he approached Strunk, and as the players were about to collide, Strunk stepped back and Hooper made the catch.

The Score of Yesterday’s Game.

Boston (A.) Chicago (N.)

AB. R. BH. PO. A. E. AB. R. BH. PO. A. E.

Hooper, rf 4 0 1 4 0 0 Flack, rf 3 0 1 2 0 0
Shean, 2b 2 1 1 0 3 0 Hollocher, ss 3 0 0 2 1 0
Strunk, cf 3 0 0 2 0 0 Mann, 1f 4 0 1 0 0 0
Whiteman, 1f 4 0 2 5 0 0 Paskert, cf 4 0 2 2 0 0
McInnis, 1b 2 0 1 10 0 0 Merkle, 1b 3 0 1 9 2 0
Scott, ss 4 0 0 0 3 0 Pick, 2b 3 0 0 1 1 0
Thomas, 3b 3 0 0 1 1 0 Deal, 3b 4 0 1 1 3 0
Agnew, c 3 0 0 5 0 0 Killifer, c 4 0 0 7 2 0
Ruth, p 3 0 0 0 1 0 Vaughn, p 3 0 0 3 5 0

aO’Farrell 1 0 0 0 0 0
bMcCabe 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total 28 1 5 27 8 Total 32 0 6 27 14 0

aBatted for Pick in ninth.
bRan for Deal in ninth.

Boston 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0---1
Chicago 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0---0

Sacrifice hits---McInnis, Hollocher, Strunk. Left on bases---Americans, 5; Nationals, 8. Bases on balls---Off Ruth, 1; off Vaughn, 3. Hit by pitcher---By Ruth, (Flack.) Struck out---By Ruth, 4; by Vaughn, 6. Time of game---1 hour and 50 minutes. Umpires---O’Day at plate; Hildebrand at first; Klem at second; Owens at third.

Copyright © 2006 by The New York Times