DATE: May 21, 2002
REVISED:
NAME: Changes for UKMARC Format Alignment
SOURCE: British Library (BL), National Library of Canada (NLC), Library of Congress (LC)
SUMMARY: This paper presents the changes that the UKMARC users have suggested be made to MARC 21 to facilitate the alignment of the formats.
KEYWORDS: UKMARC
RELATED: 2002-DP07
STATUS/COMMENTS:
05/21/02 -- Made available to the MARC 21 community for discussion.
06/17/02 - Results of the MARC Advisory Committee discussion
INTRODUCTION
In March 2001, following a broad consultative process, the British Library issued
a press release that announced the decision of the UK library community to adopt
MARC 21 as the standard for encoding new catalog records. It saw, among other
advantages, the change enabling it to download and derive bibliographic records
from a wider range of sources and enabling them to take advantage of a larger
marketplace for library systems. This change will be advantageous to all MARC
21 users as many UK records will be available in the future without costly conversions
that inevitably result in some data loss.
Because the British Library has been working since the mid-1990s with LC and NLC to bring UKMARC and MARC 21 closer together, the special requirements forwarded by the British Library are minimal. The UK community, led by the British Library, analyzed the format differences and recommended several changes. Unless otherwise noted below, the cost and impact was not expected to be significant by the British Library. The British Library expects that there will be one-time training and system costs associated with the implementation of new elements. It is assumed that bundling with other changes may control such costs.
This paper is based on the discussion of Discussion Paper No. 2002-DP07, which was discussed in January 2002. Subsequent to the discussion the British Library circulated comments from meeting participants and considered those received via the MARC Listserv. They have altered several proposals based on this input. This proposal has been kept together as a package with sub-proposals numbered by the proposal number plus tag or character position affected.
NAME: Revision of 008/22 (Target audience) values in the MARC
21 Bibliographic format
DATE: May 14, 2002
REVISED:
SUMMARY: This proposal suggests the revision of values for
008/22 (006/05) (Target audience).
KEYWORDS: 008/22 (BD); 006/05 (BD); Target Audience (BD)
1. Discussion
The British Library currently identifies an "adolescent" category
of material in the British National Bibliography. Also within the Reveal project
in the UK, a MARC 21-based project, a new value was added to MARC 21 as it was
not clear that an existing value could be used. In the January discussions,
participants felt that the definitions need to be modified to reflect different
educational practices and that the relationship between the different codes
should be studied.
The UKMARC users proposed additions of UK grades and ages as suggested, however, rather than modify the definitions to indicate school systems in various countries, an approximate age indication for each value is proposed. It is also proposed that "adolescent" be mapped to one of the existing values now that they have been clarified.
2. Proposed Changes
The following revisions to value names and definitions are needed. Square brackets
[ ] indicate omissions from the current and UK-proposed definitions of the values.
a - Preschool
Code a indicates the item is intended for children, approximate ages 0-5 years.
[i.e. children up to, but not including kindergarten or reception class]
b - Primary
Code b indicates that the item is intended for children, approximate ages 6-8
years. [in kindergarten through the third grade or years 1 to 4 in the United
Kingdom]
c - Pre-adolescent [Elementary and junior high]
Code c indicates that the item is intended for young people, approximate ages
9-14. [in grades 4 through 8 or years 5 to 9.]
d - Adolescent [Secondary (senior high)]
Code d indicates that the item is intended for young people, approximate ages
14-17. [in grades/years 9 through 12 or year 10 onwards]
e - Adult
Code e indicates that the item is intended for adults.
f - Specialized
Code f indicates that the item is [narrowly] aimed at a particular audience
and the nature of the presentation would make the item of little interest to
other audiences. Examples of items coded f include: 1) technical
material geared to a specialized audience, and 2) items which address a specific
audience; for example, the employees of a single organization.
g - General
Code g indicates that the item is of general interest and not aimed at a particular
target audience. The code is used for most fictional works that are not covered
more appropriately by one of the other codes.
j - Juvenile
Code j indicates that the item is intended for use by children and young people,
approximate ages 0-15. [through the age of 15 or the 9th grade/year 10]. The
code is used when a more specific code for the juvenile target audience is not
desired.
NAME: Definition of value in 008/20 (ISSN Center) for United
Kingdom in the MARC 21 Bibliographic format
DATE: May 14, 2002
REVISED:
SUMMARY: This proposal suggests reinstating value 2 (United
Kingdom) in character positions 008/20 (006/03) (ISSN Center).
KEYWORDS: 008/20 (BD); 006/03 (BD); ISSN Center (BD); Serials
(BD)
1. Discussion
Although this value was made obsolete in MARC 21 in 1989, the British Library
now needs it reinstated. There were 36 values originally available for the ISSN
center codes (a-z, 0-9) which was thought to be sufficient when the system was
established. Now there are over 70 centers. In the future, with the increasing
global use of the format, consideration should be given to establishing another
location for this information. (Note: The ISSN Center in Paris, which uses a
version of MARC 21 uses 2-character positions (19-20) for this code.)
2. Proposed Change
In field 008/20 (Serials) and 006/03 (Serials) in the bibliographic format reinstate
the following value:
NAME: Definition of 008/21 (Music parts) in the MARC 21 Bibliographic
Format
DATE: May 14, 2002
REVISED:
SUMMARY: This proposal reinstates character positions 008/21
(006/04) (Music) for Music parts with new values.
KEYWORDS: 008/21 (BD); 006/04 (BD); Music parts(BD)
1. Discussion
The identification of music parts in a music item has been part of UKMARC and
used extensively by UKMARC users. The Consortium of University Research Libraries
(CURL), Cambridge University Library, Royal College of Music, and the British
Library Music Library would like to retain this coding capability. The British
Library Document Supply Centre has a large collection of "parts" for
interlibrary loan that they currently indicate in the record. These are particularly
useful for orchestras and choirs.
The UK use of the coding is clearly to describe the material that is being catalogued, rather than to describe other material not present that may in theory exist elsewhere. This is in line with the practice of including in the 300 collation field information about parts in hand. The possibility of related parts that are not in hand could be indicated in a note if desired by the cataloging agency's policies. The position would apply only to notated music.
MARC 21 formerly used this character position for parts ("Existence of parts" with values # - No parts exist; a - Parts exist; n - Not applicable; u - Unknown), but it was made obsolete in 1986 because of lack of agreement on the meaning of "parts exist." Since value # has been used for "no parts" before 1988 and for "unspecified" from 1988-2002 (while the position was not defined in MARC 21), those meanings are grandfathered in for that value. Values a, b, and c, have been avoided in the proposal to eliminate ambiguity with previous values.
2. Proposed Changes
In field 008 (Music) and 006 (Music) in the Bibliographic format reinstate the
definition of positions 21 and 04, respectively, as follows:
NAME: Definition of 008/33 (Transposition and arrangement)
in the MARC 21 Bibliographic Format
DATE: May 14, 2002
REVISED:
SUMMARY: This proposal defines character positions 008/33 (006/16)
(Music) for transposition, arrangement and pitch information.
KEYWORDS: 008/33 (BD); 006/16 (BD); transposition and arrangement
(BD); pitch (BD)
1. Discussion
This information was present in the UKMARC format and UKMARC users, especially
the Royal College of Music, find this value useful in dealing with music technology
and course requirements. Other MARC 21 users indicated in the discussion of
DP2002-07 that it might be useful for those that need it.
Arrangement information may also be present in the uniform title (arr.), although it is general practice not to include arr. in the uniform title of the music is for a different instrument only or when it has been rearranged by the composer. Transposition, however, may not always be evident from information in the uniform title in cases where the key is not specified (e.g., distinctive titles, or post-1900 compositions).
This would be applied only to notated music.
Question to be considered: How would a collection of music that was part arranged or transposed be coded?
2. Proposed Changes
In field 008 (Music) and 006 (Music) in the Bibliographic format define positions
33 and 16, respectively, as follows:
NAME: Definition of value in 008/24-27 (Nature of Contents/Nature
of Entire Work) in the MARC 21 Bibliographic format
DATE: May 14, 2002
REVISED:
SUMMARY: This proposal adds code u (Standards and specifications)
in character positions 008/24-27 (Nature of Contents/Nature of Entire Work).
KEYWORDS: 008/24-27 (BD); 006/07-10 (BD); Nature of Contents
(BD); Nature of Entire Work (BD); Code u (BD); Standards (BD); Specifications
(BD); 008/25 (BD)
1. Discussion
The British Library is a major contributor to SICKLE (System for the Identification
of Grey Literature in Europe). This is a mandatory code in the SICKLE system.
Value u appears to be the only value that has not been used previously. While it is often reserved for "unknown," it appears not to be needed for that purpose in this position. This value is proposed for the corresponding fields in the Serials 008 field as standards and specifications could take the form of an integrating resource (e.g., the MARC documentation). Before harmonization, CAN/MARC had a value kay (Official standards) that was given up in favor of the value k (Discography). The CAN/MARC value was for a subset of the materials covered by the proposed UK value, which could also include specifications.
In the previous discussion, participants requested a clearer definition of "specifications." The UKMARC definition for "Standards and specifications" is "documents that are international, national or industry standards or which give a precise statement of a process or a service requirement." Code j for patent document should be used for provisional or complete patent specifications.
2.Proposed Changes
In the following fields and character positions in the Bibliographic format:
define the following new value:
NAME: Definition of field 038 (Record Content Owner)
DATE: May 14, 2002
REVISED:
SUMMARY: This proposal defines field 038 (Record Content Owner)
to record the property rights to the data in the record.
KEYWORDS: Field 038 (BD); Intellectual property rights (BD)
1.Discussion
The British Library and CURL in the UK derive revenue through payment of royalties
on the reuse of bibliographic data. For CURL, this subfield is used to track
the content owners of the records in the database to comply with licenses with
external suppliers. It is part of the agreement with members and customers that
they continue to store this field as a permanent marker of the content owner.
When switching to MARC 21, a similar place to store this information is needed.
All records created by the British Library and CURL members would contain this
subfield.
In the previous discussion, participants expressed concern about adding this information since the concept of ownership of record content goes against the philosophy of record sharing in the United States, for example, and some other countries. It is also problematic in that, for example, the Library of Congress might need to mark all its records to clearly indicate that others cannot assert property rights over them. This issue needs to be discussed in cooperative programs in which the British Library and other CURL members participate, given the often cumulative building of records in those programs.
2. Proposed Changes
Define the following field in the Bibliographic format:
NAME: Definition of field 026 (Fingerprint Identifier)
DATE: May 14, 2002
REVISED:
SUMMARY: This proposal adds field 026 (Fingerprint Identifier)
to the bibliographic format for identifiers unique to rare books.
KEYWORDS: Field 026 (BD); Fingerprint identifier (BD)
1. Discussion
This field is in UKMARC and used by rare book catalogers. In the discussion
of DP2002-07 participants felt that consideration should be given to using the
0XX block since the fingerprint note field is like a standard number. The British
Library has revised the proposal in line with the comments.
2. Proposed Changes
Define the following field in the Bibliographic format:
026 - Fingerprint Identifier (R)
This field is used to assist the identification of antiquarian books by recording
information comprising groups of characters taken from specified positions on
specified pages of the book, in accordance with the principles laid down in
various published guidelines. The guidelines used are identified in subfield
$2 (Source). Fingerprints may be recorded in a parsed form by using subfields
$a-$d or as a single string of characters in subfield $e.
NAME: Definition of field 563 (Binding Information)
DATE: May 14, 2002
REVISED:
SUMMARY: This proposal adds field 563 (Binding information)
in the bibliographic and holdings formats.
KEYWORDS: Field 563 (BD) (HD); Binding Information Fields (BD)
(HD)
1. Discussion
The requirement for such a binding note, field 563, which could be used in the
bibliographic and/or holdings formats, is from the rare books community and
the National Preservation Office in the UK. Early Printed Books catalogers use
a binding note field at St Andrews University, Durham University, Trinity College
Dublin, and University of London Library, among others. The National Library
of Scotland and the British Library would also adopt it in MARC 21. The field
information facilitates the identification and description of early printed
books.
During the discussion in January 2002, participants felt that adding field 563 should be further explored. The British Library commented that identification and description of rare or valuable bindings is an important bibliographic task. The UK community makes use of UKMARC field 563 for this purpose. There is no equivalent defined in MARC 21, although some institutions within the rare books community have agreed to exchange a local field 590. The chair of the RBMS Bibliographic Standards Committee stated that "Binding information for hand-pressed books is considered copy-specific information. Binding notes are included with other copy-specific notes in either the 590 field or the 500/$5 field. In general, American libraries prefer to combine all copy-specific notes relating to particular copies in one note (e.g., provenance, condition, binding), rather than separate out copy-specific notes according to type of note. The Bib Standards Committee did recognize the potential value of being able to label a particular note in the OPAC display, and generally support the addition of such a field as long as its use for binding information was not made mandatory."
The UKMARC community recognizes that binding information is copy specific, however, the UKMARC community would like to be able to distinguish information that relates to bindings from other bibliographic notes. The 500 field is not satisfactory for this purpose. The 590 field may be satisfactory, but is a local field, with all the disadvantages for implementation and exchange that implies. The UKMARC community therefore proposes that field 563 be implemented in the bibliographic and holdings formats as specified in 2002-DP07.
2. Proposed Changes
Define field 563 (Binding Information) in the Bibliographic and Holdings formats
as follows.
Examples:
563 ## $aLate 16th century blind-tooled centrepiece binding, dark brown calf.$5StEdNL
563 ## $aGold-tooled morocco binding by Benjamin West, ca. 1840.$5Uk
NAME: Define fields 363 (Trade Price) and 364 (Trade Information)
DATE: May 14, 2002
REVISED:
SUMMARY: This proposal adds fields 363 and 364 to the bibliographic
format. It also discusses using fields 020 and 037 as book trade fields.
KEYWORDS: 020 (BD); 037 (BD); 363 (BD) 364 (BD); Trade Information
(BD); Trade Price (BD)
1. Discussion
There is a precedent for acquisitions information in the bibliographic record;
however, it is currently minimal. The price may be recorded in field 020 subfield
$c (Terms of availability) as a qualifier to the ISBN (even if no ISBN is present).
It is unstructured and multiple prices may be expressed. In accordance with
AACR2 1.8D1, the currency may be expressed by the appropriate symbol, which
can be ambiguous, or it may be a currency abbreviation. The terms of availability
may be expressed as free text. Field 037 (Source of acquisition) appears to
be intended for use by libraries to record the agency from which the items may
be acquired, along with price. Subfield $c (terms of availability) is unstructured
and multiple prices may be expressed. The terms of availability may be expressed
as free text. Field 037 need not contain price information.
Unfortunately, neither of these fields provides an adequate structure to support the established requirements of UKMARC users in the book trade. These requirements are the facility to express price and currency and type of price as specified in the proposed field for Trade Price.
Questions for discussion. Are Domestic and Foreign clear without and designation of country?
2. Proposed Changes
Define fields 363 and 364 in the Bibliographic format as follows:
364 Trade Information (NR)
This field is of use primarily to book trade users of the MARC 21 format. It
allows detailed information relating to the availability of items from publishers
to be recorded.
ONIX availability status codes (subfield $c):
AB Cancelled: Publication abandoned after having been announced
AD Available direct from publisher only: apply directly to
publisher, item not available to trade
CS Availability uncertain: check with customer service
EX No longer stocked by us (wholesaler or vendor)
IP Available: in print and in stock
MD Manufactured on demand: should be accompanied by the "Order
time" expressed as the number of days normally required to print and ship.
NP Not yet published: announced but not yet published - must
give availability date in subfield $d
NY Newly catalogued, not yet in stock (wholesaler or vendor)
- must give expected availability date in subfield $d
OF Other format available: this format is out of print, but
another format is available. EAN number or ISBN of alternative product may be
given in subfield $e or in 776 linking field.
OI Out of stock indefinitely: no current plan to reprint
OP Out of print. The date on which the status was applied must
be given in subfield subfield $g
OR Replace by new edition: this edition is out of print, but
a new edition has been or will soon be published - give EAN number or ISBN of
new edition in subfield $e or in 775 linking field.
RF Refer to another supplier: supply of this item has been
transferred to another publisher or distributor. Give EAN or ISBN and/or name
contact details of other supplier in subfield $e.
RM Remaindered
RP Reprinting - must give expected availability date in subfield
$d.
TO Only to order -special order: this item is not stocked but
has to be specially ordered from a supplier (e.g. import item not stocked locally)
TP Temporarily out of stock because publisher cannot supply
(wholesaler or vendor)
TU Temporarily unavailable - must give expected availability
date in subfield $d.
WR Will be remaindered as of (date) - must give date in subfield
$d.
NAME: Add Euro and Eszett to MARC character set
DATE: May 14, 2002
REVISED:
SUMMARY: This proposal suggests expanding the MARC 21 Extended
Latin Character set to include the Euro sign and Eszett character.
KEYWORDS: Character Set (All formats); Euro Sign (All formats);
Eszett (All formats)
1. Discussion.
The following characters have been requested by UKMARC users for addition to
the MARC 21 Extended Latin Character set:
During the earlier discussion, some participants indicated the difficulty of adding characters to the MARC sets because of the impact on existing implementations. The decision was made in the early 1990s that the community should look to Unicode for further character set expansion. Many felt that the official abbreviation for the euro, EUR, could be used instead, and also official abbreviations could be used instead of the symbols for dollar and pound that are currently in the MARC set.
The British Library believes that standard abbreviations would facilitate interoperability and co-operation where the data is to be used dynamically in support of services and processes. However, abbreviations are less desirable as a substitute for the currency symbol in any area for which the content rules prescribe transcription (although that occurs with other currency signs such as the yen). The British Library remains of the view that the Euro symbol has sufficient literary warrant to justify addition to the character set.
Examples of Euro signs in a title:
245 10 $aInsight [Euro symbol]urope
245 13 $aEl tipo de cambio [Euro symbol]/$$bencuesta de FEDEA sobre la evoluci“on del Euro $c por Sim“on Sosvilla Rivero y Jos“e A. Herce.
2.Proposed Changes
Add the following characters to the MARC Extended Latin character set repertoire:
Library of Congress