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A Abdij van Berne (Noord Brabant), 67 acculturation, theories of, 191-193. See also Americanization, Dutch; assimilation Aerens, Letten, 250 Afscheiding (Secession of 1834), 3-5, 9-10, 68, 209. See also Seceders of 1834 agricultural commissions, in the Netherlands (1886, 1906), 81-83 agricultural crisis in the Netherlands: and emigration, 7, 38, 78-79, 81-83, 86-87; and mechanization, 92 agriculture, in the Netherlands: devel- opments in, 79, 83-97; statistics on, 92-96 America-centeredness, 27, 30, 39 American College (Louvain), 72 American Daily Standard, 279-281, 284 Americanization, Dutch: in education, 148-149, 187; in journalism, 282, 284-285, 287-288; in language, 148, 187-188; and modernization, 192-193; in religion, 148, 175-188, 193-204, 244; resistance to, 150-151. See also acculturation, theories of; assimilation Amsterdam, 21, 27 Anglicization, 176 antithesis doctrine, 197 Antwerp, 21, 53, 55 assimilation: among Dutch Canadi- ans, 224-238; among Dutch- Catholic immigrants, 72; Dutch Protestants and Dutch Catholics compared, 243-244 Australia, Dutch in, 55 B Baay, Gerrit, 215 Banner, The, 226, 276, 278-280, 287 Banner of Truth, 276 Baxter, Albert, 274 Beckers, Adam, 71 Beets, Henry, 278-279, 283, 285 Belgium, 27, 44, 45, 47, 53, 56, 60; mi- gration exchange with the Netherlands, 47-48, 53-55 Bilderdijk, Willem, 259 Blink, H., 89-92 Boekel (Noord Brabant), 67, 106, 113, 115, 117 Boer War, 244, 253-254, 286 Bolks, Seine, 216 Boonstra, Harry, 285-287 Bratt, James, 9, 288 Bremen, 21 Brinks, Herbert, 9-10 Broere, Bastiaan, 253 Bruins, Elton, 8-9 Brummelkamp, Anthonie, 125, 210 Bult, Conrad, 11 Bultema, Harry, 199 Burgess, Ernest W., 128 Burka, Petra, 237 Burke, Colin, 128 C Calvin, John, 260 Calvin College Chimes, 282 Calvinist, De, 259, 287 Calvinist Contact, 225 Calvin Theological Seminary, 199 Canada: Dutch in, 10, 55, 224-248; religious statistics, 227 Canons of Dordt, 8 Caplow, Theodore, 128 Carroll, John, 71 Catholic Dutch: compared with Dutch Calvinists, 73-74; immigration, 6-7, 27, 67-73; missionary priests, 70-73; in Oregon, 115; size in the Netherlands, 38; sources, 68-69; in United States, 64-74, 243-244, 263-264; in Wisconsin, 106-120 census records, United States, 27 Central Ray, 282 chain migration, 7, 35-36, 106, 119 Chicago, 32 Chicago School (urban studies), 128, 150-151 Christian day schools, 149 Christian Intelligencer, The, 285 Christian Reformed Church in North America: in Canada, 228-229; cler- ical training in, 211-218; and Doleantie movement, 4-5, 187-188, 196-198; founding, 185, 209-210, 217-220; heresy trials in, 198-200; journals, 275-276, 278-280, 282, 287-288, 289; Ma- sonic Lodge controversy in, 185-186; twentieth century history, 198-204 Church Herald, The, 279 Cincinnati, 32, 69; Dutch Catholic parish in, 72 Civil War, and Dutch Americans, 244, 252-253 clannishness, Dutch, 35 Clarion, The, 226 Classis of Amsterdam, 176-179 Classis of Holland (Mich.), 183, 185 Classis of Wisconsin, 186 clubs, Dutch-Canadian, 230-231 Coetus, 178-179 community, Dutch attitude toward, 159-162 computer applications, 16-19 Conferentie, 178-179 Congress of Vienna, 2 Convent of the Holy Cross, 117 Conzen, Kathleen, 129, 151 cottage industry, and emigration. See home industry credit unions, Dutch-Canadian, 226, 229-230 Cressey, Paul F., 128 Crozier Fathers, 70 Cuyten, Jacques, 72 D Da Costa, Izaak, 259 Danhof, Henry, 200 De Bode, C., 258 De Cock, Hendrik, 182-183, 210-211; American faction (De Cocksians), 214-218 De Haan, T. F., 210-211 De Jong, Gerald, 287-288 De Keyser, G. A., 255 De Nef, P. J., 71 Denmark, 60 De Pere (Wis.), 67, 115-116 Desmedt, Charles Louis, 248-249 De Smit, Peter, 71, 72 De Spelder, J. A., 245 De Veer, Theo, 276-277, 283, 285 De Visser, John, 237 De Vooys, A. C., 45 De Vries, Hille, 7 De Witt, Thomas, 183 diffusion, in emigration process, 105-106 Dijkstra, B. D., 256, 264 "Disabdera," 66 Doezema, Linda Pegman, 276, 289 Doleantie. See Christian Reformed Church in North America Dominican Order, 69, 70, 106 D'Ooge, Leendert, 126 Dosker, Henry E., 245 Doyle, Richard, 8 DUCA Post, 226 Dutch-Canadians: cultural practices, 234-238; relations with host soci- ety, 232-233. See also Canada, Dutch in Dutch Credit Union of Toronto (DUCA), 226, 230 Dutch in North America: colonial, 1; language usage, 282, 285-288; reli- gious developments, 4-5 Dutch-Protestants, 243-244 Dutch Reformed Church in America. See Reformed Church of America Dutch West India Company, 1, 175, 176 E East Street Christian Reformed Church (Grand Rapids), 148 Eerdmans, William B., Sr., 261 Eighty Years War, 2 Elsever's Geillustreerd Maandschrift, 276-277 emigration, Netherlands: to British Commonwealth, 55-56; Catholic, 65-68; compared with Scandina- vian, 60; to European countries, 49-55; H. Blink's views, 89-92; motives for, 65-68, 81-86; to the Netherlands colonies, 55-56; re- gional patterns of, 86-89; Royal Commissions on, 81-83; statistics on, 78, 82-84, 86-91; structural changes in, 83-86; sources, 15-19, 107-109; to South America, 55; underreporting problems, 19-20 "Engels College" [English College], 69 Enlightenment, 259 Evangelical Lutheran, 38 F family linkage analysis, 7 Fenwick, Dominic, 69 First Christian Reformed Church of Roseland (Ill.), 216 First Reformed Church of Grand Rapids (Mich.), 146-147 First Reformed Church of Roseland (Ill.), 216-217 Flemish, 10-11, 71 Flemish-American press, 285, 289 Flemish-Catholics, 243, 248-252, 254-255, 268 Florissant (Mo.), 71 Forman, Robert, 128 Fox River Valley (Wis.), 7, 67, 68, 106, 109, 115-116 France, 27, 47, 55, 84; migration ex- change with the Netherlands, 47-48, 55 Franciscan Order, 69 Freemasonry, 181, 185-186, 286 Frelinghuysen, Theodore, 177-178 French Reformed Church, 176 Frisians: language use, 232; cultural identity, 234 Fundamentalism, 199-203 G Ganzevoort, Herman, 10 Garraghan, Gilbert, 70 Gazette van Detroit, De, 250, 285 Gazette van Moline (Ill.), 278, 285, 289 geographical mobility, 160-162, 170 Gereformeerde Amerikaan, De, 276, 278, 279, 287 Gereformeerde Kerk, 187-188 Germany: emigration, 84; migration exchange with the Netherlands, 44, 45, 47, 49-53, 56, 57, 60, 87, 97 Gids, De, 287 Glasgow, 21 Golden Age, the, Netherlands, 2 Gordon, Milton, 152 Grand Rapids (Mich.), Dutch settle- ment patterns in, 7, 129-153 Grand Rapids Eagle, 274 Great Britain, 47, 55 Great Migration, the, 21 Grondwet, De, 246, 273-274, 277, 283-284, 288 Grootemaat, H., 252 "guest"-workers, 49 H Haan Gijsbert, 185 Haarlem, 27 Haarlemmermeer polder, 68 Hamburg, 21 Handlin, Oscar, 119, 128, 192 Hansen, Hans (pseud.). See Hoekstra, Jacob H. Hartland, J. A. A., 45 Hecht, Irene, 115 Heidelburg Catechism, 185 Hendriksen, B. A., 254, 262-264 Heraut, De, 278, 285 Hervormde Kerk, 38, 188, 195-196, 229 Hoeksema, Herman, 200, 264 Hoekstra, Jacob H. (pseud. Hans Hansen), 255-256, 262-264 Hofker, J., 45 Hofstee, E. W., 44, 57, 86 Holland (Mich.), Kolonie, 126, 129, 151, 183, 185 Hollander, De, 273, 284, 288 Hollandia News, 225 Holland News, 289 Hollandsche Amerikaan, De, 278, 283, 288 Hollandse Krant, 225 Hollandtown (Wis.), 115, 117 Hollenberg, P., 67-68 home industry, 109-114 home ownership, Dutch, 142-145 Hope, De, 281, 282, 285 Hope College, 183, 281, 282, 285 Hospers, Henry, 275, 277 Hugenholtz, F. W. N., 281-282 Hull, 21 I immigration, Dutch: cyclical trends, 27-30, 39; deaths enroute, 23; desti- nations, 35-36; from European countries, 43-47, 51, 55; kinship patterns, 109-117; origins, 30-35; phases, 1-2; religious aspects, 38-39; seasonal patterns, 23-25; ships and ports, 20-25; socioeco- nomic aspects, 36-39; sources, 5-6; statistics, Canadian, 231-232; United States, 1-2, 15-19, 27-36, 55-57, 127 Indonesia, 32 Intelligencer Leader, The, 249 Italy, 83 J Jansen, Martinus, 112 Jansen, Ralph, 199-200 Jesuits (Societas Jesus), 69, 71-72 Jews, Dutch, 38 Jonker, P., 260 journalism, Dutch-American, 273-290; Canada, 225-226; decline of, 11; Iowa, 274-275, 277-278, 289; Michigan, 274, 279, 285-289; New Jersey, 287-288, 289; Wiscon- sin, 289 K Kampen Theological Seminary, 211 Kampferbeek, Albert, 246-247 Kedzie, A. S., 273-274 Keizer, Andrew, 275-276 Keller, Suzanne, 129 Kempkes, Elizabeth, 274 Kevelaar (Germany), 66 kinship, and settlement process, 112, 114-117 Knippenberg, H., 45 Kohlmann, Antonius, 71 Kok, W. A., 211, 216-217 Koopman, H. R., 216-218, 223 Kuyper, Abraham: and Doleantie, 187; newspaper mouthpieces, 278, 279, 285, 287; political leadership, 4-5, 278; theory of antithesis, 197-198 L Lagerwey, Walter, 10-11, 288 Langendijk (Neth.), 85 language, Dutch: changes in U.S. churches, 178-180; retention in U.S., 226-227, 282, 284-285, 287-288; training in Canada, 226 Latin America, Dutch in, 55-56 Leader, The, 279 Le Havre, 21 Lieuwen, John, 261 Limburg, emigration, 116-117 literary culture, Dutch, 10-11, 243-268; emigration poems, 244-252 Little Chute (Wis.), 39, 70, 106, 115, 117 Liverpool, 21 Livingston, John H., 179 localism, Dutch, 3 London, 21, 55 Louvain, University of, 72 Lucas, Henry S., 243, 284-285, 288 Luxembourg, 27 M Malthus, Thomas, 45 Marzik, Thomas D., 149 Mauer, J., 83-86 Mennonites, 38 Michelius, Jonas, 175 migration records, Dutch, 15, 19-20, 25-27 Miles, Richard P., 70 Miller, Randall M., 149 missions, Catholic in North America, 69-73 Moerdyke, Peter, 147 Mokyr, Joel, 45, 57 Monsma, John Clover, 279-281 Mulder, Arnold, 283-284 N naming patterns, among Dutch Cana dians, 233-234 Napoleon, 2 Nederlander in Noord-Amerika, De, 284 Nederlandse Courant, The, 225 neighborhood: concepts of, 127-129, 150; Dutch in Grand Rapids, 129-150 Neo-Calvinists, 195-200 Nerinkx, Karel, 71 Netherlands: cross border migration, 6; linguistic subgroups, 2-3; politi cal history, 2; primary emigration fields, 34-35; religious history, 2; Secession of 1834, 3-5 Netherlands Antilles, 56 Netherlands Christian Reformed Church. See Gereformeerde Kerk Netherlands East Indies, 56 New Netherland colony, 1, 4, 175, 176 newspapers: Dutch-American, 273-290; extant files, 288-289. See also journalism, Dutch-American New York, 1, 21, 32, 112 Neyenesch, H., 275, 277 Nieland, Dirk, 260-261 Nisbet, Robert, 146 nominal record linkage, 16-20, 25-27, 109 Non-Official Languages Study, 225 Noord Brabant, emigration, 106, 111-117 Noordeloos (Neth. and Mich.), 215 Norbertine Order, 67 Norway, 20, 60, 84 O Oggel, Pieter J., 275 Onze Toekomst, 280, 282, 284, 289 Oostdongeradeel (Friesland), emigra- tion, 83 Oosten, Het, 278, 283, 287-288, 289 Ostergren, Robert C., 105, 114 P Park, Robert E., 128 Peale, Norman Vincent, 188 Pearson, Allard, 259 Peemans, Jozef, 72 Pella (Iowa): Dutch-Catholic Church in, 72; economic development, 162-170; founding, 68, 156; locale, 157; as mother colony, 39; naming, 156; people, 159-162; population growth, 157-159; religious develop- ment, 182; settlement patterns, 8 Pella Blade, 274-275, 289 Pella Chronicle, 274-275, 289 Pella Gazette, De, 274-275, 277, 289 Pella's Weekblad, 274-275, 289 Pere Standaard, De, 285, 289 periodicals. See journalism, Dutch- American persistence rates, 8 Petersen, William S., 44, 57 Pioneer, The, 226 planned emigration, 39 poetry, Dutch immigrant, 259-268 potato disease, and Dutch emigration, 111 press. See journalism, Dutch- American proto-industry. See home industry Prussia, 47, 49-52 Q Quintus, Jacob, 252, 284 R radio, Dutch programming, 226 Randstad, 30 Ravenstein, E. W., 6 Reformed Church of America: in Can- ada, 229; clerical training in, 211-218; colonial developments, 4, 175-179; journals in U.S., 279, 281-282, 288, 289; in nineteenth century, 180-187, 195-197; in Rev- olutionary era, 179-180; in twen- tieth century, 187-188, 197-204 Reformed Journal, 202 Reformed Review, 202 Reformierte Bode Berichte aus der Christlichen Reformierten Kirche, 276, 289 religion: and ethnicity, 148-150; in the Netherlands, 8-9, 65 Rice, John G., 105 Roman Catholic Church, immigrant policy in Canada, 227 Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 257-258, 281 Roothaan, Johannes, 71 Rotterdam, 21 S Sabbe, Philemon, 249-252, 257-258 St. Louis, 32 St. Nicholas Day, 231 St. Norbert Abbey, 67 St. Willibrord's Parish (London, Ontario), 230 Samson, M. L., 83 Saueressig-Schreuder, Yda, 7 Scholte, Hendrik Pieter: background, 68; as newspaper editor-publisher, 275, 277; religious views, 210-211; students of, 211-219; views of, 169, 182 Schuller, Robert, 188, 208 Seceders of 1834: beliefs, 182-185; group migration, 23-24, 27; origins in the Netherlands, 3-4, 195; rela- tionship to Catholic emigrants, 65- 66; religious continuity in America, 209-221; size in the Netherlands, 38; in United States, 4-5 Second Reformed Church of Grand Rapids, 147, 149 Separatists (1857), 185-186, 209-210, 217-220. See also Christian Re- formed Church in North America Sheboygan (Wis.), 39 Sheboygan Newsbade, De, 244, 252, 273, 277, 278, 284, 289 ship passenger manifests, 19 shipping, immigrant traffic, 20-25 Sioux Center News, 289 Sioux Center Nieuwsblad, 277 Sioux County colony (Iowa), 159, 166 Smits, C., 68 South Africa, Dutch in, 32, 55-56 Spring Street Christian Reformed Church (Grand Rapids), 147, 149 stage migration, 27 Standaard, De, 274, 278, 279, 285, 288 Standard Bulletin, 288-289 steerage, 21 Steffens, Nicholas M., 281 Stemmen uit de Vrije Hollandsche Gemeente, 281-282, 289 Stokvis, Pieter, 6 Surinam, Dutch in, 56 Sweden, 20, 60; emigration, 105, 114-115; demographics, 106, 117 Swierenga, Robert P., Dutch immigra- tion estimates compared, 56-60 Switzerland, 47 Synod of Dort (1618-1619), 8, 175, 180, 210 T Telegraaf, De, 287-288, 289 Ten Hoor, Foppe, 276 Tennent, Gilbert, 177-178 Thistlethwaite, Frank, 44-45, 57 Toekomst, De, 275 Torch and Trumpet, 202 True Dutch Reformed Church (New York and New Jersey), 181, 185 True Protestant Reformed Church (Grand Rapids), 147 Tuinman, A. S., 224 U Uden (Noord Brabant), 70, 106, 109, 111, 112, 113, 115, 117 underreporting. See migration records, Dutch United States, primary Dutch settle- ment areas in, 35 V Van de Luytelaar, Joannes, 72 Vanden Bosch, Koene, 214-215 Van den Broek, Theodorus, 67, 69-70, 106 Van den Elsen, Gerlacus, 67 Van den Heuvel, Gerardus, 67 Van der Meer, Wybe J., 267-268 Vander Meulen, Cornelius, 211 Vanderstel, David, 7 Van der Werp, Henry, 253-254, 261-262, 264-265 Vander Zalm, William (Bill Woodenshoe), 237 Van der Zee, Jacob, 277-278 Van Eijk, H., 273 Van Gils, Antonius, 72 Van Herk, Aretha, 237 Van Hinte, Jacob, 281-285, 288 Van Hoogen, H., 264 Van Kiekebelt, Debbie, 237 Van Kol, Nellie, 265-266 Van Lonkhuizen, Johannes, 284-285 Van Poppel, F. W. A., 45 Van Raalte, Albertus C.: and Christian day schools, 148; church leadership, 182-186; as colonial leader, 125, 152-153, 246, 284; religious views, 195-196, 210; son's attitude toward Civil War, 253; students of, 210- 219 Van Roggen, George, 237 Van Stekelenburg, Henry, 6 Van Stigt, Kommer, 274-275 Van Tighen, Father, 254 Veltman, D., 259 Versteeg, Dingman, 246, 248, 273 Verstegen, Arnold, 112 Verwayen, Christiaan, 66-67 Volkstem, De, 277, 278, 285, 289 Volksvriend, De, 244, 275, 283, 289 Voortman family, 237 Vos, Gerhardus, 264-267 Vrijheid's Banier, De, 274 W Wachter, De, 244, 275-276, 285, 287, 289 Warner, Sam Bass, Jr., 128 Western Theological Seminary, 281 Westphalia, 49, 65 Westra, Dewey, 262 William I, King of the Netherlands (1840-1849), 65 William II, King of the Netherlands (1815-1840), 66 Windmill Herald, The, 225 Wirth, Louis, 128 Wisconsin, Dutch in, 67, 68, 70, 106, 109, 112, 114-119 Wittke, Carl, 191 World, The, 280-281 World War I: and Dutch-Americans, 244, 254-255, 286; and Reformed Dutch, 198-202 Wust, W. C., 216 Wyckoff, Isaac, 183 Y Yankee-Dutch, 261 Ypma, Martin, 216 Z Zeeland (Noord Brabant), 106, 112, 115, 117 Zeeland Expositor (Mich.), 288 Zeeland Record (Mich.), 288 Zwaanstra, Henry, 287 Zwemer, A., 256, 264
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