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CONTENTS Foreword xxvii Preface xxix Contributors xxxiii SPECIES COMMON NAME 2N SOURCE MONOTREMATA Order Monotremata Family Tachyglossidae Tachyglossus aculeatus Short-beaked echidna/Short-nosed echidna 64F Graves et al. (Unpublished) 6 Tachyglossus aculeatus Short-beaked echidna/Short-nosed echidna 63M Graves et al. (Unpublished) 6 Zaglossus bruijni Long-beaked echidna/Long-nosed echidna 64F Graves et al. (Unpublished) 7 Zaglossus bruijni Long-beaked echidna/Long-nosed echidna 63M Graves et al. (Unpublished) 7 Family Ornithorhynchidae Ornithorhynchus anatinus Platypus 52F Rens et al. (2004) 8 Ornithorhynchus anatinus Platypus 52M Rens et al. (2004) 8 MARSUPIALIA Order Didelphimorphia Family Marmosidae Marmosops incanus South American mouse opossum 14 M. Svartman (1998) 12 Marmosa sp Mouse opossum 14 V.M. Aniskin (1994a) 12 Micoureus demerarae Mouse opossum 14 M. Svartman (1998) 13 Thylamys elegans Elegant fat-tailed opossum/Southern mouse 14 Shchipanov et al. (1996) 13 opossum Metachirus nudicaudatus Brown four-eyed opossum 14 Aniskin et al. (1991) 14 Monodelphis domestica Short-tailed opossum 18 Graphodatsky et al. (Unpublished) 15 Monodelphis domestica Ideogram Short-tailed opossum 18 Pathak et al. (1993) 16 Family Caluromyidae Caluromys lanatus Woolly opossum 14 Casartelli et al. (1986) 17 Family Didelphidae Philander opossum Black four-eyed opossum/Large American 22 M. Svartman (1998) 17 opossum Didelphis marsupialis Common opossum 22 Aniskin et al. (1991) 18 Didelphis virginiana Virginia opossum 22 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 18 Order Paucituberculata Family Caenolestidae Rhyncholestes raphanurus Chilean ?shrew? opossum 14 Gallardo et al. (1987) 19 ftoc.qxd 12/29/2005 1:57 PM Page v Order Microbiotheria Family Microbiotheriidae Dromiciops australis Monito del Monte 14F/13M Gallardo et al. (1987) 20 Order Dasyuromorphia Family Dasyuridae Antechinus flavipes Yellow-footed marsupial ?mouse?/Antechinus 14 R. Rofe (1979) 22 Planigale maculata Flat-skulled marsupial ?mouse?/Planigale 14 R. Rofe (1979) 23 Ningaui sp Ningauis 14 R. Rofe (1979) 24 Sminthopsis crassicaudata Fat-tailed marsupial ?mouse?/Sminthopsis 14 R. Rofe (1979) 25 Antechinomys laniger Kultarr 14 R. Rofe (1979) 26 Dasyuroides byrnei Kowari 14 R. Rofe (1979) 27 Dasyurus hallucatus Northern Quoll/Native ?cat?/Tiger ?cat? 14 R. Rofe (1979) 28 Dasyurus viverrinus Eastern Quoll/Native ?cat?/Tiger ?cat? 14 R. Rofe (1979) 29 Dasyurus maculatus Spotted-tailed quoll 14 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 30 Sarcophilus harrisii Tasmanian devil 14 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 000 Order Peramelemorphia Family Peramelidae Macrotis (Thylacomys) lagotis Bilby/Rabbit-eared bandicoot 18F/19M Martin et al. (1967) 32 Isoodon obesulus Short-nosed bandicoot 14 R. Rofe (1979) 33 Perameles nasuta Long-nosed bandicoot 14 R. Rofe (1979) 34 Order Notoryctemorphia Family Notoryctidae Notoryctes typhlops Marsupial mole 20 Calaby et al. (1974) 35 Order Diprotodontia Family Phascolarctidae Phascolarctos cinereus Koala 16 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 40 Family Vombatidae Vombatus ursinus Common wombat/Coarse-haired wombat 14 R. Rofe (1979) 41 Lasiorhinus latifrons Northern hairy-nosed wombat/Soft-furred 14 R. Rofe (1979) 42 wombat Family Phalangeridae Trichosurus vulpecula Common brush-tailed possum 20 R. Rofe (1979) 43 Family Potoroidae Potorous tridactylus Long-nosed potoroo 12F Graphodatsky et al. (Unpublished) 44 Family Macropodidae Thylogale billardierii Red-bellied pademelon 22 R. Rofe (1979) 45 Thylogale thetis Red-necked pademelon 22 Eldridge et al. (1992a) 46 Petrogale xanthopus celeris Yellow-footed rock wallaby 22 Eldridge et al. (1992a) 46 Petrogale xanthopus xanthopus Yellow-footed rock wallaby 22 Eldridge et al. (1992a) 47 Petrogale lateralis lateralis Black-footed rock wallaby 22 Eldridge et al. (1992a) 47 Petrogale penicillata Brush-tailed rock wallaby 22 R. Rofe (1979) 48 Petrogale concinna Little rock wallaby 16 Eldridge et al. (1992b) 49 Petrogale brachyotis Short-eared rock-wallaby 20 Eldridge et al. (1992b) 49 Wallabia bicolor Swamp wallaby 10F/11M R. Rofe (1979) 50 Macropus parma Parma wallaby 16 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 51 Macropus rufogriseus Red-necked wallaby 16 R. Rofe (1979) 51 Macropus eugenii Tammar wallaby 16 Graphodatsky et al. (Unpublished) 52 Macropus eugenii Tammar wallaby 16 R. Rofe (1979) 53 Macropus parryi Whiptail wallaby 16 R. Rofe (1979) 54 Macropus giganteus Eastern gray kangaroo 16 R. Rofe (1979) 55 vi CONTENTS K1 1 ftoc.qxd 12/29/2005 1:57 PM Page vi Macropus fuliginosus Western gray kangaroo 16 R. Rofe (1979) 56 Macropus robustus Common wallaroo 16 R. Rofe (1979) 57 Macropus rufus Red kangaroo 20 R. Rofe (1979) 57 Family Burramyidae Cercartetus concinnus Western pygmy possum 14 R. Rofe (1979) 58 Family Pseudocheiridae Pseudocheirus peregrinus Common ring-tailed possum 20 Murray et al. (1980) 59 Petropseudes dahli Rock ring-tailed possum 16 Murray et al. (1980) 60 Hemibelideus lemuroides Lemuriod ring-tailed possum/Greater 20 L.R. McQuade (1984) 60 gliding possum Family Petauridae Petaurus norfolcensis Lesser gliding possum/Squirrel glider 21 R. Rofe (1979) 61 Family Tarsipedidae Tarsipes rostratus Honey possum 24 D.L. Hayman (1990) 61 Family Acrobatidae Acrobates pygmaeus Pygmy gliding possum/Feather-tailed glider 14 R. Rofe (1979) 62 AFROTHERIA Order Afrosoricida Order Macroscelidea Family Chrysochloridae Chlorotalpa duthieae African golden mole 30 C.N. Bronner (1995a) 65 Chlorotalpa sclateri African golden mole 30 C.N. Bronner (1995a) 65 Amblysomus julianae South African golden mole 31 C.N. Bronner (1995a) 66 Amblysomus iris South African golden mole 34 Capanna et al. (1989) 66 Amblysomus hottentotus (durban) South African golden mole 30 C.N. Bronner (1995a) 67 Amblysomus hottentotus (dullstrom) South African golden mole 36 C.N. Bronner (1995a) 67 Family Tenrecidae Microgale dobsoni Long-tailed tenrec/Shrew-like tenrec 30 K. Benirschke (1969c) 68 Hemicentetes nigriceps Streaked Tenrec 38 K. Benirschke (1969c) 68 Echinops telfairi Small Madagascar hedgehog 40 K. Benirschke (1969c) 69 Order Sirenia Family Trichechidae Trichechus manatus latirostris Florida manatee 48 Gray et al. (2002) 71 Trichechus manatus latirostris Ideogram Florida manatee 48 Gray et al. (2002) 72 Order Proboscidea Family Elephantidae Elephas maximus Asiatic/Indian elephant 56 Houck et al. (2001) 75 Loxodonta africana African Savannah elephant 56 Houck et al. (2001) 76 Order Hyracoidea Family Procaviidae Procavia capensis Rock Dassie/Hyrax 54 L. Fronicke (Unpublished) 78 Order Tubulidentata Family Orycteropodidae Orycteropus afer Aardvark/Ant Bear 20 Yang et al. (2003a) 79 Order Macroscelidea Family Macroscelididae Macroscelides proboscideus Short-eared elephant shrew 26 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 80 CONTENTS vii K1 2 ftoc.qxd 12/29/2005 1:57 PM Page vii XENARTHRA Order Xenarthra Family Megalonychidae Choloepus didactylus Two-toed tree sloth 53 W.G. Nash (Unpublished) 83 Cholepus hoffmanni Two-toed tree sloth 50 Jorge et al. (1978) 84 Family Myrmecophagidae Myrmecophaga tridactyla Giant anteater 60 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 85 Tamandua tetradactyla (longicaudata) Lesser anteater/Tamandua 54 Jorge et al. (1978) 86 Cyclopes didactylus Silky anteater 64 W. Jorge (2000) 87 Family Dasypodidae Chaetophractus villosus Hairy armadillo/Peludos 60 Jorge et al. (1978) 88 Euphractus sexcinctus flavimanus 6-banded armadillo 58 Jorge et al. (1978) 89 Zaedyus pichiy Pichi 62 Jorge et al. (1978) 90 Cabassous centralis Naked-tailed armadillo 62 K. Benirschke (1969a) 91 Cabassous tatouay Naked-tailed armadillo 50 K. Benirschke (1969a) 91 Tolypeutes matacus La Plata three-banded armadillo 38 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 92 Dasypus novemcinctus Long-nosed armadillo 64 Jorge et al. (1978) 92 Dasypus septemcinctus Long-nosed armadillo 64 Barroso et al. (1991) 93 Dasypus hybridus Long-nosed armadillo 64 Jorge et al. (1978) 93 EUARCHONTOGLIRES Order Scandentia Family Tupaiidae Tupaia belangeri Northern tree shrew 62 Bigoni et al. (Unpublished) 97 Order Dermoptera Family Cynocephalidae Cynocephalus volans Flying lemur/Colugo/Kagwang 38 E.A. Richart (2003) 99 Order Primates Family Loridae Loris tardigradus Slender loris 62 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 105 Nycticebus pygmaeus Pygmy slow loris/Cu Lan 50 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 106 Nycticebus coucang Slow loris/Cu Lan 50 Stanyon et al. (1987a) 107 Galago moholi Galago/Bush baby 38 Stanyon et al. (2002) 108 Otolemur crassicaudatus Brown galogo 62 Stanyon et al. (2002) 109 Family Cheirogaleidae Microcebus murinus Mouse lemur 66 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 110 Family Lemuridae Eulemur macaco flavifrons Black lemur 44 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 110 Eulemur fulvus sanfordi Sanford?s lemur 60 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 111 Family Megaladapidae Lepilemur ruficaudatus Red-tailed sportive lemur 20 Rumpler et al. (1985) 112 Lepilemur leucopus White-footed sportive lemur 26 Rumpler et al. (1985) 112 Lepilemur septentrionalis Northern sportive lemur 34 Rumpler et al. (1985) 113 Family Indridae Propithecus verreauxi coquereli Coquerel?s sifaka 48 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 114 Propithecus tattersalli Golden-crowned sifaka 42 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 114 Family Daubentoniidae Daubentonia madagascariensis Aye-aye 30 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 115 Daubentonia madagascariensis Ideogram Aye-aye 30 Tagle et al. (1990) 115 viii CONTENTS K1 ftoc.qxd 12/29/2005 1:57 PM Page viii Family Tarsiidae Tarsius bancanus Western tarsier 80 Poorman et al. (1985) 116 Tarsius syrichta Philippine tarsier 80 E.A. Richart (2003) 117 Family Cebidae Lagothrix lagotricha Woolly monkey 62 Stanyon et al. (2001) 118 Alouatta seniculus Red howler 44 Stanyon et al. (1995) 118 Alouatta sara Bolivian red howler 52 Stanyon et al. (1995) 119 Alouatta belzebul Red-handed howler monkey 50F/49M Consigliere et al. (1998) 120 Alouatta belzebul Ideogram Red-handed howler monkey 50F/49M Consigliere et al. (1998) 121 Alouatta caraya Black howler monkey 50 Bigoni et al. (Unpublished) 122 Pithecia pithecia White-faced saki 48 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 123 Cacajao calvus rubicundus Red Uakari/Uacari 46 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 124 Callicebus cupreus Coppery titi monkey 46 Bigoni et al. (Unpublished) 125 Callicebus pallescens White-coated titi monkey 50 Stanyon et al. (2000) 126 Callicebus personatus nigrifrous Atlantis titi monkey 42 Nagamachi et al. (2003) 126 Aotus nancymaae Nancy Ma?s night monkey/Douroucouli 54 Garcia et al. (2002) 127 Aotus azarae Azara?s night monkey/Douroucouli 50 Garcia et al. (2002) 127 Cebus capucinus White-headed Capuchin monkey/Azara?s 54 Campa et al. (1992) 128 white-faced sapajon Cebus albifrons albifrons White-fronted Capuchin monkey 54 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 129 Cebus apella Tufted Capuchin monkey 54 Ruiz-Herrera et al. (2005) 130 Cebus apella Ideogram Tufted Capuchin monkey 54 Ruiz-Herrera et al. (2005) 130 Cebus olivaceus Weeper capuchin 52 Ruiz-Herrera et al. (2005) 131 Saimiri sciureus Squirrel monkey 44 Stanyon et al. (2000) 131 Family Callitrichidae Callimico goeldii Goeldi?s marmoset 48F/47M Stanyon et al. (Unpublished) 132 Saguinus imperator Emperor tamarin 46 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 132 Saguinus midas Red-handed tamarin 46 Bigoni et al. (Unpublished) 133 Callithrix jacchus Common marmoset 46 Bigoni et al. (Unpublished) 134 Callithrix argentata Silvery marmoset 44 Canavez et al. (1996) 134 Callithrix emiliae Emilia?s marmoset 44 Nagamachi et al. (1996) 135 Callithrix humeralifer Santarem marmoset 44 Nagamachi et al. (1996) 136 Callithrix chrysoleuca Gold and white marmoset 44 Nagamachi et al. (1996) 137 Callithrix mauesi Mau¿s marmoset 44 Nagamachi et al. (1996) 137 Cebuella pygmaea Pygmy marmoset 44 Bigoni et al. (Unpublished) 138 Leontopithecus chrysopygus Black lion tamarin 46 Seuanez et al. (1988) 139 Leontopithecus rosalia Golden lion tamarin 46 Seuanez et al. (1988) 139 Family Cercopithecidae Erythrocebus patas Patas monkey 54 Bigoni et al. (Unpublished) 140 Cercopithecus (Chlorocebus) aethiops African Green monkey/Grivet monkey 60 Bigoni et al. (Unpublished) 141 Cercopithecus (Chlorocebus) aethiops Ideogram African Green monkey/Grivet monkey 60 Finelli et al. (1999) 142 Cercopithecus nictitans Greater spot-nosed guenon/White-nosed 70 M. Ponsa (1980) 143 Cercopithecus ascanius schmidti Schmidt?s spot-nosed guenon/Red-tailed monkey 66 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 144 Cercopithecus petaurista Lesser spot-nosed guenon 66 Clemete et al. (1990) 145 Cercopithecus mona campbell Mona monkey 66 Clemete et al. (1990) 145 Cercopithecus cephus Mustached guenon 66 Clemete et al. (1990) 146 Cercopithecus diana Diana monkey 58 M. Ponsa (1986) 147 Cercopithecus pogonias Guenon 72 M. Ponsa (1980) 147 Cercopithecus lhoesti L?Hoest guenon/L?Hoest monkey 60 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 148 Miopithecus talapoin Talapoin 54 M. Ponsa (1980) 149 Allenopithecus nigroviridis Allen?s swamp monkey 48 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 150 Cercocebus galeritus Tana river mangabey 42 Bigoni et al. (Unpublished) 151 Cercocebus torquatus Collared Mangabey/Red-capped mangabey 42 Garcia et al. (2002) 152 Macaca fascicularis Crab-eating macaque 42 Ruiz-Herrera et al. (2002) 152 CONTENTS ix K1 ftoc.qxd 12/29/2005 1:57 PM Page ix Macaca mulatta Rhesus monkey 42 Bigoni et al. (Unpublished) 153 Papio hamadryas Hamadryas baboon 42 Bigoni et al. (Unpublished) 153 Macaca fuscata Japanese macaque 42 Bigoni et al. (Unpublished) 154 Macaca fuscata Ideogram Japanese macaque 42 Weinberg et al. (1992) 155 Mandrillus sphinx Mandrill 42 Ruiz-Herrera et al. (2005) 156 Trachypithecus obscurus Dusty leaf monkey 44 M. Ponsa (1983) 156 Pygathrix nemaeus Douc langur 44 Bigoni et al. (1995) 157 Trachypithecus cristatus Silver leaf monkey 44 Bigoni et al. (1997b) 158 Colobus guereza Black & white colobus monkey/Kikuya 44 Bigoni et al. (1997a) 159 Family Hylobatidae Hylobates syndactylus Siamang/Gibbon 50 Ruiz-Hurrer et al. (Submitted) 160 Hylobates concolor Black crested gibbon/Concolor gibbon 52 F. Bigoni (Unpublished) 160 Hylobates concolor Ideogram Concolor gibbon 52 Koehler et al. (1995) 161 Hylobates lar Ideogram White-handed gibbon 44 Jauch et al. (1992) 162 Hylobates moloch Ideogram Silvery gibbon 42 Stanyon et al. (1983) 163 Family Pongidae Pongo pygmaeus abelii Sumatran orangutan 48 Bigoni et al. (Unpublished) 164 Pongo pygmaeus Ideogram Orangutan 48 Yunis et al. (1982) 165 Gorilla gorilla Lowland gorilla 48 Stanyon et al. (Unpublished) 166 Gorilla gorilla Ideogram Lowland gorilla 48 Yunis et al. (1982) 167 Pan troglodytes Common chimpanzee 48 Stanyon et al. (Unpublished) 168 Pan troglodytes Ideogram Common chimpanzee 48 Yunis et al. (1982) 169 Pan paniscus Pygmy chimpanzee/Bonobo 48 Bigoni et al. (Unpublished) 170 Family Hominidae Homo sapiens Human 46 H. Padilla-Nash (Unpublished) 171 Homo sapiens Ideogram Human 46 ISCN (1981) 172 Order Rodentia Family Sciuridae Tamias sibiricus Chipmunk 38 Graphodatsky et al. (Unpublished) 177 Sundasciurus philippinensis Sunda tree squirrel 38 A.E. Richart (2003) 177 Spermophilus erythrogenys Ground squirrel/Susliks 36 Graphodatsky et al. (Unpublished) 178 Spermophilus undulatus Ground squirrel/Susliks 32 Graphodatsky et al. (Unpublished) 179 Spermophilus alaschanicus Ground squirrel/Susliks 38 Graphodatsky et al. (Unpublished) 180 Petaurista albiventer Chestnut great flying squirrel 38 Lie et al. (Unpublished) 181 Family Castoridae Castor fiber Beaver 48 A. Graphodatsky (Unpublished) 182 Castor canadensis Beaver 40 A. Graphodatsky (Unpublished) 183 Family Geomyidae Thomomys talpoides Western pocket gopher 48 C.S. Thaeler Jr. (1974) 184 Thomomys talpoides attenuatus Western pocket gopher 48 C.S. Thaeler Jr. (1968) 184 Thomomys talpoides pygmaeus Western pocket gopher 48 C.S. Thaeler Jr. (1968) 185 Geomys attwateri Ideogram Pocket gopher 70 Smolen et al. (1994) 186 Family Heteromyidae Dipodomys merriami Kangaroo rat 52 Mascarello et al. (1974) 187 Family Dipodidae Sicista napaea Birch mouse 42 A. Graphodatsky (Unpublished) 187 Family Muridae Neotoma albigula (micropus) Wood rat/Pack rat/Trade rat 52 Mascarello et al. (1974) 188 Peromyscus eremicus Cactus mouse/White-footed mouse/Deer mouse 48 Radjabli et al. (Unpublished) 188 Peromyscus maniculatus White-footed mouse/Deer mouse 48 Greenbaum et al. (1994) 189 Peromyscus maniculatus Ideogram White-footed mouse/Deer mouse 48 Greenbaum et al. (1994) 189 Peromyscus boylii Brush mouse/White-footed mouse/Deer mouse 48 Greenbaum et al. (1994) 190 x CONTENTS K1 ftoc.qxd 12/29/2005 1:57 PM Page x Oryzomys yunganus Foothill rice rat 58 Volobouev et al. (2000a) 190 Peromyscus truei Piñon mouse/White-footed mouse/Deer mouse 48 Greenbaum et al. (1994) 191 Peromyscus truei Ideogram Piñon mouse/White-footed mouse/Deer mouse 48 Greenbaum et al. (1994) 191 Oryzomys nitidus Elegant rice rat 80 Volobouev et al. (2000a) 192 Oryzomys megalocephalus Rice rat 54 Volobouev et al. (2000a) 192 Oligoryzomys flavescens Yellow pygmy rice rat 66 Aniskin et al. (1999) 193 Oligoryzomys microtis Small-eared pygmy rice rat 64 Aniskin et al. (1999) 193 Amphinectomys savamis Water rat 50 Malygin et al. (1994) 194 Akodon simulator Grey-bellied grass mouse 36 Aniskin et al. (1996) 195 Akodon toba Chako grass mouse 42 Aniskin et al. (1996) 195 Abrothrix (Akodon) sanborni Sanborn?s grass mouse 52 M.H. Gallardo (1982) 196 Abrothrix (Akodon) longipilis Long-haired grass mouse 52 M.H. Gallardo (1982) 196 Chroeomys (Akodon) olivaceus Olive grass mouse 52 M.H. Gallardo (1982) 196 Eligmodontia puerulus Highland desert mouse 50 Kelt et al. (1991) 197 Eligmodontia sp Highland desert mouse 32 Kelt et al. (1991) 197 Maresomy (Auliscomys) boliviensis Bolivian big-eared mouse 22 Walker et al. (1992) 198 Auliscomys sublimis Andean big-eared mouse 28 Walker et al. (1992) 198 Loxodontomys (Auliscomys) micropus Southern big-eared mouse 34F/32M Walker et al. (1992) 198 Euneomys chinchilloides petersoni Patagonian chinchilla mouse 36 Reise et al. (1990) 199 Euneomys mordax Patagonian chinchilla mouse 42 Reise et al. (1990) 199 Calomyscus mystax Afghan mouselike hamster 44 Radjabli et al. (Unpublished) 200 Calomyscus urartensis Urartsk mouselike hamster 32 Radjabli et al. (Unpublished) 201 Calomyscus bailwardi Mouselike hamster 44 Radjabli et al. (Unpublished) 202 Phodopus sungorus sungorus Dzhungarian hamster 28 Radjabli et al. (Unpublished) 203 Phodopus sungorus campbelli Campbell?s hamster 28 Radjabli et al. (Unpublished) 204 Phodopus roborovskii Small desert hamster 34 Radjabli et al. (Unpublished) 205 Cricetus cricetus Black-bellied hamster 22 Radjabli et al. (Unpublished) 206 Allocricetulus eversmanni Eversmann?s hamster 26 Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 207 Allocricetulus curtatus Mongolian hamster 20 Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 208 Cricetulus migratorius Gray dwarf hamster 22 Radjabli et al. (Unpublished) 209 Cricetulus barabensis Striped dwarf hamster 20 Radjabli et al. (Unpublished) 210 Cricetulus pseudogriseus Transbaikal dwarf hamster 24 Radjabli et al. (Unpublished) 211 Cricetulus griseus Chinese hamster 22 Radjabli et al. (Unpublished) 212 Cricetulus obscurus Gobi hamster 20 Radjabli et al. (Unpublished) 213 Cricetulus longicaudatus Lesser long-tailed hamster 24 Radjabli et al. (Unpublished) 214 Tscherskia (Cricetulus) triton Greater long-tailed hamster 28 Radjabli et al. (Unpublished) 215 Mesocricetus brandti Brandt?s hamster 42 Radjabli et al. (Unpublished) 216 Mesocricetus brandti Brandt?s hamster 44 Popescu et al. (1980) 217 Mesocricetus auratus Syrian golden hamster 44 Radjabli et al. (Unpublished) 218 Mesocricetus auratus Ideogram Syrian golden hamster 44 Popescu et al. (1972) 219 Mesocricetus raddei Ciscaucasian hamster 44 Radjabli et al. (Unpublished) 220 Mesocricetus newtoni Romanian hamster 38 Radjabli et al. (Unpublished) 221 Nannospalax (Spalax) ehrenbergi Mediterranean blind mole-rat 60 Ivanitskaya et al. (1998) 222 Tatera nigricauda Large naked-soled gerbil 40 M.B. Qumsiyeh (1986) 222 Tachyoryctes macrocephalus Big-headed mole-rat/African mole-rat 50 Aniskin et al. (1997b) 223 Tachyoryctes splendens East African mole-rat 48 Aniskin et al. (1997b) 224 Gerbillus rupicola Rocky gerbil/Northern pygmy gerbil 52 Granjon et al. (2002) 225 Taterillus petteri Petter?s gerbil/Small naked-soled gerbil 19 G. Dobigny (2002b) 226 Taterillus pygargus Senegal gerbil/Small naked-soled gerbil 22 Dobigny et al. (2002a) 226 Taterillus arenarius Senegal gerbil/Small naked-soled gerbil 35 Volobouev et al. (1996) 227 Taterillus tranieri Tranier?s gerbil/Small naked-soled gerbil 15 Dobigny et al. (2003) 227 Taterillus congicus Congo gerbil/Small naked-soled gerbil 54 G. Dobigny (2002a) 228 Taterillus sp 1 Small naked-soled gerbil 23 Dobigny et al. (2002b) 229 Taterillus sp 2 Small naked-soled gerbil 37 Dobigny et al. (2002b) 230 Clethrionomys rufocanus Gray red-backed vole/Red-backed bank vole 56 Sokolov et al. (1990) 231 CONTENTS xi K1 ftoc.qxd 12/29/2005 1:57 PM Page xi Clethrionomys sikotanensis Sikotan vole/Red-backed vole/Bank vole 56 Sokolov et al. (1990) 232 Clethrionomys rutilus Bank vole/Northern red-backed vole 56 Sokolov et al. (1990) 233 Clethrionomys gapperi Southern red-backed mouse/Bank vole 56 W. Modi (1987) 234 Clethrionomys californicus Western red-backed mouse/Bank vole 56 W. Modi (1987) 234 Clethrionomys glareolus Bank vole/Red-backed vole 56 Sokolov et al. (1990) 235 Clethrionmys centralis Tien Shan red-backed vole 56 Sokolov et al. (1990) 236 Eothenomys regulus Royal vole/P¿re David?s vole/Pratt?s vole 56 Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 237 Alticola argentatus Silver high mountain vole 56 Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 238 Alticola macrotis Large-eared vole 56 Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 239 Phenacomys intermedius Heather vole 56 W. Modi (Unpublished) 240 Arvicola terrestris European water vole/Bank vole 36 Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 241 Chionomys nivalis European snow vole 54 Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 242 Chionomys roberti Robert?s snow vole 54 Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 243 Chionomys gud Caucasian snow vole 54 Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 244 Blanfordimys afghanus Afghan vole 58 Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 245 Blanfordimys bucharicus Bucharian vole 48 Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 246 Microtus juldaschi carruthersi Juniper vole/Vole/Meadow mouse 54 Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 247 Microtus subterraneus European pine vole/Vole/Meadow mouse 54 Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 248 Microtus daghestanicus Daghestan pine vole/Vole/Meadow mouse 54 Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 249 Microtus majori Major?s pine vole/Vole/Meadow mouse 54 Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 250 Microtus nasarovi Nasarov?s vole/Vole/Meadow mouse 42 Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 251 Microtus schelkovnikovi Schelkovnikov?s pine vole/Vole/Meadow mouse 54 Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 252 Microtus pinetorum Campagnol sylvestre/Pine vole/Woodland 62 W. Modi (1987) 253 vole/Vole/Meadow mouse Microtus ochrogaster Prairie vole/Vole/Meadow mouse 54 W. Modi (1987) 253 Microtus richardsoni Water vole/Vole/Meadow mouse 56 W. Modi (1987) 254 Microtus longicaudus Coronation Island vole/Long-tailed 64 W. Modi (1987) 254 vole/Vole/Meadow mouse Microtus socialis Social vole/Meadow mouse 62 Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 255 Microtus socialis schiddlovskii Schiddlovskii?s social vole/Vole/Meadow mouse 60 Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 256 Microtus guentheri arm G¿nther?s vole/Vole/Meadow mouse 60 Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 256 Microtus guentheri philistinus G¿nther?s vole/Vole/Meadow mouse 54 Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 257 Microtus arvalis arvalis Common vole/Vole/Meadow mouse 46 Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 258 Microtus rossiaemeridionalis Southern vole/Meadow mouse 54 Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 259 Microtus transcaspicus Transcaspian vole/Vole/Meadow mouse 52 Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 260 Microtus kirgisorum Tien Shan vole/Vole/Meadow mouse 54 Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 261 Microtus oeconomus Tundra vole/Vole/Meadow mouse 30 W. Modi (1978) 262 Microtus montebelli Japanese grass vole/Vole/Meadow mouse 30 Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 262 Microtus fortis Reed vole 52 Kovalskaya et al. (1991) 263 Microtus mongolicus Mongolian vole/Vole/Meadow mouse 50 Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 264 Microtus hyperboreus North Siberian vole/Vole/Meadow mouse 50 Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 264 Microtus sachalinensis Sakhalin vole/Vole/Meadow mouse 50 Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 265 Microtus maximowiczii Maximowicz?s vole/Vole/Meadow mouse 44 Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 266 Microtus mujanensis Muisk vole/Vole/Meadow mouse 38 Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 266 Microtus evoronensis Evoronsk vole/Vole/Meadow mouse 40 Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 267 Microtus gregalis Narrow-headed vole/Vole/Meadow mouse 36 Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 268 Microtus agrestis Field vole/Vole/Meadow mouse 50 W. Modi (1987) 269 Microtus pennsylvanicus Campagnol des champs/Meteoro de 46 W. Modi (1987) 269 prado/Vole/Meadow mouse Microtus breweri Beach vole/Vole/Meadow mouse 46 W. Modi (Unpublished) 270 Microtus townsendii Townsend?s vole/Vole/Meadow mouse 50 W. Modi (1987) 270 Microtus oregoni Creeping vole/Vole/Meadow mouse 17?18 W. Modi (1987) 270 Microtus californicus Amargosa vole/California vole/Vole/ 53 W. Modi (1987) 270 Meadow mouse xii CONTENTS K1 ftoc.qxd 12/29/2005 1:57 PM Page xii Microtus mexicanus Mexican vole/Vole/Meadow mouse 48 W. Modi (1987) 271 Lagurus lagurus Steppe lemming 56 W. Modi (1987) 271 Microtus sp nova from Iran Vole/Meadow mouse 54 Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 272 Neofiber alleni Round-tailed muskrat/Florida water rat 52 W. Modi (1987) 273 Dicrostonyx torquatus Collared lemming/Varying lemming 30 W. Modi (1987) 273 Lemmus sibiricus True lemming 50 W. Modi (1987) 274 Synaptomys cooperi Bog lemming 50 W. Modi (1987) 274 Prometheomys schaposchnikowi Long-clawed Mole-vole 56 Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 275 Ellobius talpinus Northern mole-vole/Mole-lemming 50 Perelman et al. (Unpublished) 276 Ellobius fuscocapillus Southern mole-vole/Mole-lemming 36 Perelman et al. (Unpublished) 277 Ellobius lutescens Transcaucasian mole-vole/Mole-lemming 17 Perelman et al. (Unpublished) 278 Apodemus peninsulae Korean wood mouse/Old world wood 48/?B?s Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 278 mouse/Field mouse Apodemus sylvaticus Long-tailed field mouse/Old world wood 48 Stanyon et al. (2004) 279 mouse/Field mouse Rattus rattus House rat/Black rat/Roof rat 38 Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 280 Rattus norvegicus Norway rat/Brown rat 42 Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 281 Rattus flavipectus Buff-bellied rat 46 Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 282 Phloeomys cumingi Slender-tailed cloud rat 44 Rickart et al. (2002) 283 Crunomys suncoides Philippine rat/Sulawesian shrew rat 36 Rickart et al. (2002) 283 Archboldomys luzonensis Mt. Isaroq shrew rat 26 Rickart et al. (2002) 284 Celaenomys silaceus Luzon striped rat 44 Rickart et al. (2002) 284 Nesokia indica Short-tailed bandicoot rat/Pest rat 42 Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 285 Leopoldamys edwardsi Long-tailed giant rat 44 Sablina et al. (Unpublished) 286 Mastomys natalensis Multimammate rat 32 Volobouev et al. (2002a) 287 Mastomys erythroleucus Guinea multimammate rat 38 Volobouev et al. (2002a) 288 Mastomys awashensis Multimammate rat 32 Volobouev et al. (2002a) 289 Mastomys huberti Multimammate rat 32 Volobouev et al. (2002a) 290 Mastomys kollmanspergeri Kollmansperger?s multimammate rat 38 Volobouev et al. (2002a) 291 Myomys daltoni Dalton?s mouse 36 Volobouev et al. (2002a) 292 Stenocephalemys albocaudata Ethiopian narrow-headed rat 54 Lavrenchenko et al. (2001) 293 Stenocephalemys griseicauda Gray-tailed narrow-headed rat 54 Lavrenchenko et al. (2001) 294 Stenocephalemys albipes Ethiopian narrow-headed rat 46 Lavrenchenko et al. (2001) 295 Lophuromys melanonyx Black clawed brush-furred rat/Brush-furred 60 Aniskin et al. (1997a) 296 mouse Lophuromys brevicaudus Short-tailed brush-furred rat/Brush-furred 68 Aniskin et al. (1997a) 297 mouse Lophuromys chrysopus Brush-furred rat/Brush-furred mouse 54 Aniskin et al. (1997a) 298 Dasymys incomtus African marsh rat/Shaggy swamp rat 36 Volobouev et al. (2000b) 299 Dasymys rufulus West African shaggy rat/Shaggy swamp rat 36?B?s Volobouev et al. (2000b) 300 Arvicanthis niloticus la African grass rat/Unstriped grass rat/Kusu rat 62 Volobouev et al. (2002b) 301 Arvicanthis niloticus lb African grass rat/Unstriped grass rat/Kusu rat 62 Volobouev et al. (2002b) 302 Arvicanthis ansorgei African grass rat/Unstriped grass rat/Kusu rat 62 Volobouev et al. (2002b) 303 Arvicanthis rufinus African grass rat/Unstriped grass mouse/Kusu 62 Volobouev et al. (2002b) 304 rat Arvicanthis sp. African grass rat/Unstriped grass mouse/Kusu 58 Volobouev et al. (2002b) 305 rat Mus musculus House mouse 40 R. Stanyon (Unpublished) 306 Mus musculus Ideogram House mouse 40 D. Adler (1994) 307 Mus macedonicus Macedonian mouse 40 Ivanitskaya et al. (1990) 308 Mus mahomet Mahomet mouse 36 Aniskin et al. (1998) 308 Family Pedetidae Pedetes capensis Springhare/Springhaas 38 Biltueva et al. (Unpublished) 309 CONTENTS xiii K1 ftoc.qxd 12/29/2005 1:57 PM Page xiii Family Ctenodactylidae Pectinator spekei Speke?s pectinator 40 W. George (1979) 310 Massoutiera mzabi Massoutiera 36 W. George (1979) 310 Ctenodactylus gundi Atlas gundi 40 W. George (1979) 311 Ctenodactylus gundi Ideogram Atlas gundi 40 W. George (1979) 311 Ctenodactylus vali Sahara gundi 40 W. George (1979) 312 Family Myoxidae Muscardinus avellanarius Common dormouse/Hazel mouse 46 A. Graphodatsky (Unpublished) 313 Myoxus glis Fat dormouse/Edible dormouse 62 A. Graphodatsky (Unpublished) 314 Dryomys nitedula Forest dormouse 48 A. Graphodatsky (Unpublished) 315 Eliomys quercinus Garden dormouse 48 A. Graphodatsky (Unpublished) 316 Myomimus personatus Mouse-like dormouse 44 A. Graphodatsky (Unpublished) 317 Family Bathyergidae Georychus capensis Cape mole-rat 54 Nevo et al. (1986) 318 Bathyergus janetta Dune mole-rat 54 Nevo et al. (1986) 318 Cryptomys mechowi Giant mole-rat/Common mole-rat 40 Macholan et al. (1993) 319 Cryptomys hottentotus damarensis Common mole-rat 78 Nevo et al. (1986) 320 Family Chinchillidae Lagostomus maximus Plains viscacha 56 Graphodatskaya et al. 321 (Unpublished) Family Dinomyidae Dinomys branickii Pacarana 58 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 322 Family Caviidae Cavia porcellus Guinea pig/Cavies 64 Graphodatsky et al. (Unpublished) 323 Family Hydrochaeridae Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris Capybara 66 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 324 Family Ctenomyidae Ctenomys rionegrensis Tuco-tuco 50 Garcia et al. (2002) 324 Ctenomys talarum Tuco-tuco 48 Garcia et al. (2002) 325 Ctenomys maulinus brunneus Tuco-tuco 26 M.H. Gallardo (1979) 325 Ctenomys robustus Tuco-tuco 26 M.H. Gallardo (1979) 325 Ctenomys maulinus maulinus Tuco-tuco 26 M.H. Gallardo (1979) 326 Ctenomys magellanicus magellanicus Tuco-tuco 34 M.H. Gallardo (1979) 326 Ctenomys opimus Tuco-tuco 26 M.H. Gallardo (1979) 326 Ctenomys fulvus Tuco-tuco 26 M.H. Gallardo (1979) 327 Family Octodontidae Octodon lunatus Degus 78 Spotorno et al. (1995) 327 Octodon degus Degus 58 Spotorno et al. (1995) 328 Tympanoctomys barrerae Viscacha rat 102 Gallardo et al. (2004) 329 Tympanoctomys barrerae Viscacha rat 102 Gallardo et al. (2004) 330 Spalacopus cyanus Coruro 58 Spotorno et al. (1995) 331 Aconaemys fuscus Rock rat 56 Gallardo et al. (2002) 332 Aconaemys sagei Rock rat 54 Gallardo et al. (2002) 332 Aconaemys porteri Rock rat 58 Gallardo et al. (2002) 332 Family Abrocomidae Abrocoma bennetti Chinchilla rat/Chinchillone 64 Spotorno et al. (1995) 333 Family Echimyidae Proechimys brevicauda-cytotype 1 Huallaga spiny rat/Casiragua 28 V.M. Aniskin (1994b) 334 Proechimys steerei Steere?s spiny rat/Casiragua 24 V.M. Aniskin (1994b) 335 Proechimys simonsi Simonsi spiny rat/Casiragua 32 V.M. Aniskin (1994b) 336 Proechimys sp.1 Terrestrial spiny rat/Casiragua 30 V.M. Aniskin (1994b) 337 xiv CONTENTS K1 ftoc.qxd 12/29/2005 1:57 PM Page xiv Proechimys sp.2 Terrestrial spiny rat/Casiragua 34 V.M. Aniskin (1994b) 337 Lonchotrix emiliae Tuft-tailed spiny tree rat 62 V.M. Aniskin (1994b) 338 Isothrix sinnamariensis French Guiana brush-tailed rat/Toros 28 Vi¿ et al. (1996) 338 Dactylomys dactylinus Amazon bamboo rat/Coro-coro 96 V.M. Aniskin (1993) 339 Family Myocastoridae Myocastor coypus Nutria/Coypu 42 Biltueva et al. (Unpublished) 340 Order Lagomorpha Family Ochotonidae Ochotona princeps American pika/Mouse hare/Conie 68 A.D. Stock (1976) 344 Ochotona hyperborea Northern pika/Mouse hare/Conie 40 Perelman et al. (Unpublished) 345 Family Leporidae Pronolagus rupestris Red rabbit 42 Robinson et al. (2002) 345 Bunolagus monticularis Bushman rabbit 44 Robinson et al. (2002) 346 Romerolagus diazi Volcano rabbit 48 Robinson et al. (2002) 347 Brachylagus idahoensis Pygmy rabbit 44 Robinson et al. (2002) 348 Sylvilagus aquaticus Swamp rabbit/Cottontail 38 Robinson et al. (1984) 349 Sylvilagus palustris Marsh rabbit/Cottontail 38 Robinson et al. (1984) 349 Sylvilagus transitionalis New England cottontail 46 Robinson et al. (1983) 350 Sylvilagus floridanus Eastern cottontail 42 Robinson et al. (1983) 350 Sylvilagus nuttallii Mountain cottontail 42 Robinson et al. (1984) 351 Sylvilagus audubonii Desert cottontail 42 Robinson et al. (1984) 351 Lepus californicus Black-tailed jack rabbit/Hare 48 Robinson et al. (2002) 352 Lepus saxatilis Jack rabbit/Hare 48 T.J. Robinson (1980) 353 Oryctolagus cuniculus Old world rabbit/Domestic rabbit 44 Robinson et al. (2002) 353 Oryctolagus cuniculus Ideogram Old world rabbit/Domestic rabbit 44 Hayes et al. (2002) 354 LAURASIATHERIA Order Eulipotyphla Family Erinaceidae Podogymnura truei Philippine Gymnure/Philippine wood shrew 40 E.A. Rickart (2003) 358 Erinaceus europaeus Western Eurasian hedgehog 48 Rabjabli et al. (Unpublished) 358 Erinaceus concolor Eastern Eurasian hedgehog 48 Sokolov et al. (1991) 359 Erinaceus amurensis Amur hedgehog/Eurasian hedgehog 48 Radjabli et al. (Unpublished) 360 Paraechinus hypomelas Brandt?s hedgehog/Desert hedgehog 48 Radjabli et al. (Unpublished) 361 Hemiechinus auritus Long-eared desert hedgehog 48 Radjabli et al. (Unpublished) 362 Mesechinus (Hemiechinus) dauricus Daurian hedgehog 48 Radjabli et al. (Unpublished) 363 Family Solenodontidae Solenodon paradoxus Hispaniolan Solenodon 34 K. Benirschke (1969) 364 Family Soricidae Sorex minutus Eurasian pygmy shrew/Long-tailed shrew 42 Perelman et al. (Unpublished) 364 Sorex caecutiens Laxmann?s shrew/Long-tailed shrew 42 Perelman et al. (Unpublished) 365 Sorex raddei Radde?s shrew/Long-tailed shrew 36 Perelman et al. (Unpublished) 365 Sorex araneus Eurasian shrew/Long-tailed shrew 21 Perelman et al. (Unpublished) 366 Sorex araneus Ideogram Eurasian shrew/Long-tailed shrew 21 Serov et al. (1998) 366 Sorex granarius Lagranja shrew/Long-tailed shrew 36 Perelman et al. (Unpublished) 367 Sorex tundrensis Tundra shrew 30 Aniskin et al. (1980) 367 Blarina carolinensis Southern short-tailed shrew 46 George et al. (1982) 368 Blarina carolinensis Southern short-tailed shrew 37 George et al. (1982) 368 Blarina carolinensis peninsulae Southern short-tailed shrew 50 George et al. (1982) 369 Blarina hylophaga Elliot?s short-tailed shrew 19 George et al. (1982) 369 Neomys fodiens Old world water shrew 52 Perelman et al. (Unpublished) 370 Crocidura suaveolens Lesser shrew/White-toothed shrew 40 Perelman et al. (Unpublished) 371 CONTENTS xv K1 ftoc.qxd 12/29/2005 1:57 PM Page xv Crocidura horsfieldi wataseii Horsfield?s shrew/White-toothed shrew 26 Perelman et al. (Unpublished) 371 Crocidura pergrisea Pale gray shrew/White-toothed shrew 22 A. Graphodatsky (Unpublished) 372 Crocidura sibirica Siberian shrew/White-toothed shrew 40 A. Graphodatsky (Unpublished) 372 Suncus murinus Musk shrew/Pygmy shrew 40 Perelman et al. (Unpublished) 373 Crocidura dsinezumi Dsinezumi shrew/White-toothed shrew 40 Perelman et al. (Unpublished) 374 Family Talpidae Talpa europaea europaea Old world mole 34 K. Benirschke (1969) 374 Talpa altaica Siberian mole/Old world mole 34 A. Graphodatsky (Unpublished) 375 Parascalops breweri Hairy-tailed mole 34 K. Benirschke (1969) 375 Order Chiroptera Family Pteropodidae Rousettus aegyptiacus Rousette fruit bat 36 Haiduk et al. (1981) 379 Rousettus leschenaulti Rousette fruit bat 36 Sreepada et al. (1995b) 379 Rousettus lanosus Rousette fruit bat 36 Teeling et al. (Unpublished) 380 Rousettus (Lissonycteris) angolensis Rousette fruit bat 36 Haiduk et al. (1981) 380 Myonycteris torquata Little-collared fruit bat 36 Haiduk et al. (1981) 381 Pteropus rodricensis Rodriguez flying fox 38 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 381 Pteropus giganteus Indian flying fox 38 Choudhury et al. (1995) 382 Pteropus lylei Flying fox 40 Hood et al. (1988) 382 Hypsignathus monstrosus Hammer-headed fruit bat 36 Haiduk et al. (1981) 383 Epomops franqueti Epauleted bat 36 Haiduk et al. (1981) 383 Micropteropus pusillus Dwarf epauleted bat 37 Haiduk et al. (1981) 384 Scotonycteris ophiodon 34 Haiduk et al. (1981) 384 Otopteropus cartilagonodus Long-haired tail-less flying fox 48 Rickart et al. (1999) 385 Alionycteris paucidentata Long-haired flying fox 36 Rickart et al. (1999) 385 Eonycteris robusta Dawn bat 36 Rickart et al. (1999) 386 Megaloglossus woermanni African long-tongued fruit bat 36 Haiduk et al. (1981) 386 Family Rhinopomatidae Rhinopoma microphyllum Mouse-tailed bat/Long tailed bat 42 M.B. Qumsiyeh (1986b) 387 Rhinopoma hardwickei Mouse-tailed bat/Long tailed bat 36 M.B. Qumsiyeh (1986b) 387 Family Emballonuridae Taphozous longimanus Tomb bat 42 Sreepada et al. (1995a) 388 Taphozous melanopogon Tomb bat 42 Sreepada et al. (1995a) 388 Taphozous nudiventris Tomb bat 42 Sreepada et al. (1995a) 388 Taphozous saccolaimus Tomb bat 42 Sreepada et al. (1995a) 389 Family Megadermatidae Megaderma spasma Asian false vampire bat 38 Morielle-Versute et al. (1992) 389 Megaderma lyra Asian false vampire bat 54 Choudhury et al. (1993b) 390 Family Rhinolophidae Rhinolophus rouxi Horseshoe bat 56 Zima et al. (1992) 390 Rhinolophus ferrumequinum Horseshoe bat 56 Teeling et al. (Unpublished) 391 Family Hipposideridae Hipposideros pomona Old world leaf-nosed bat 32 Sreepada et al. (1993) 392 Hipposideros ater Old world leaf-nosed bat 32 Sreepada et al. (1993) 392 Hipposideros fulvus Old world leaf-nosed bat 32 Sreepada et al. (1993) 392 Hipposideros fulvus pallidus Old world leaf-nosed bat 32 Choudhury et al. (1993a) 393 Hipposideros cineraceus Old world leaf-nosed bat 32 Sreepada et al. (1993) 393 Hipposideros lankadiva Old world leaf-nosed bat 32 Sreepada et al. (1993) 393 Hipposideros speoris Old world leaf-nosed bat 32 Sreepada et al. (1993) 394 Family Mormoopidae Pteronotus parnellii Ideogram Moustached bat/naked-backed bat/leaf- 38 Sites et al. (1981) 395 lipped bat xvi CONTENTS K1 ftoc.qxd 12/29/2005 1:57 PM Page xvi Pteronotus personatus Moustached bat/naked-backed bat/leaf- 38 Sites et al. (1981) 395 lipped bat Pteronotus macleayii Moustached bat/naked-backed bat/leaf- 38 Sites et al. (1981) 396 lipped bat Pteronotus gymnonotus Moustached bat/naked-backed bat/leaf- 38 Sites et al. (1981) 396 lipped bat Mormoops blainvillii Leaf-chinned bat 38 Sites et al. (1981) 397 Family Noctilionidae Noctilio albiventris Bulldog bat/fisherman?s bat 34 Varella-Garcia et al. (1989) 397 Family Phyllostomidae Desmodus rotundus Common vampire bat 28 Varella-Garcia et al. (1989) 398 Diaemus youngi White-winged vampire bat 32 Varella-Garcia et al. (1989) 399 Diphylla ecaudata Hairy-legged vampire bat 32 Baker et al. (1979) 399 Macrotus waterhousii Big-eared bat 46 Baker et al. (1979) 400 Micronycteris megalotis Little big-eared bat 40 Baker et al. (1979) 400 Micronycteris schmidtorum Little big-eared bat 38 Baker et al. (1979) 401 Micronycteris minuta Little big-eared bat 28 Baker et al. (1979) 401 Micronycteris hirsuta Little big-eared bat 30 Baker et al. (1979) 402 Micronycteris brachyotis Little big-eared bat 32 Baker et al. (1979) 402 Micronycteris nicefori Little big-eared bat 28 Baker et al. (1979) 402 Vampyrum spectrum Linnaeus?s false vampire bat/Spectral vampire 30 Baker et al. (1979) 403 bat Trachops cirrhosus Frog-eating bat 30 Baker et al. (1979) 403 Chrotopterus auritus Peter?s woolly false vampire bat 28 Morielle-Versute et al. (1992) 404 Phylloderma stenops Peter?s spear-nosed bat 32 Baker et al. (1979) 404 Phyllostomus discolor Spear-nosed bat 32 Baker et al. (1979) 405 Phyllostomus hastatus Spear-nosed bat 30 Varella-Garcia et al. (1989) 405 Tonatia bidens Round-eared bat 16 Baker et al. (1979) 406 Mimon crenulatum Gray?s spear-nosed bat 32 Baker et al. (1979) 406 Glossophaga soricina Long-tongued bat 32 Varella-Garcia et al. (1989) 407 Monophyllus redmani Leach?s single leaf bat 32 Baker et al. (1979) 407 Lonchophylla robusta Saussure?s long-nosed bat 28 Baker et al. (1979) 408 Lonchophylla thomasi Saussure?s long-nosed bat 30 Baker et al. (1979) 408 Lionycteris spurrelli Chestnut long-nosed bat 28 Baker et al. (1979) 408 Anoura caudifera Geoffroy?s long-nosed bat 30 Varella-Garcia et al. (1989) 409 Anoura cultrata Geoffroy?s long-nosed bat 30 Baker et al. (1979) 409 Lichonycteris obscura Dark long-tongued bat 24 Baker et al. (1979) 410 Hylonycteris underwoodi Underwood?s long-tongued bat 16 Baker et al. (1979) 410 Choeronycteris mexicana Mexican long-nosed bat/Hog-nosed bat 16 Baker et al. (1979) 410 Choeroniscus intermedius Godman?s long-nosed bat 20 A.D. Stock (1975) 411 Erophylla sezekorni Brown flower bat 32 Baker et al. (1979) 411 Choeroniscus godmani Godman?s long-nosed bat 19 Hsu et al. (1968) 411 Phyllonycteris poeyi Cuban flower bat 32 Baker et al. (1979) 412 Carollia castanea Short-tailed leaf-nosed bat 22 A.D. Stock (1975) 412 Carollia brevicauda Short-tailed leaf-nosed bat 20F/21M A.D. Stock (1975) 412 Carollia perspicillata Short-tailed leaf-nosed bat 20F/21M Teeling et al. (Unpublished) 413 Rhinophylla pumilio Dwarf little fruit bat 36 Baker et al. (1979) 413 Rhinophylla fischerae Fischer?s little fruit bat 34 Baker et al. (1979) 414 Sturnira lilium Yellow shouldered bat/American epauleted bat 30 Varella-Garcia et al. (1989) 414 Sturnira mordax Yellow shouldered bat/American epauleted bat 30 Baker et al. (1979) 415 Sturnria erythromos Yellow shouldered bat/American epauleted bat 30 Baker et al. (1979) 415 Uroderma magnirostrum Tent-building bat 38 Baker et al. (1979) 415 Platyrrhinus vittatus White-lined bat 30 Baker et al. (1979) 416 Platyrrhinus vittatus lineatus White-lined bat 30 Varella-Garcia et al. (1989) 416 CONTENTS xvii K1 ftoc.qxd 12/29/2005 1:57 PM Page xvii Vampyressa pusilla Yellow-eared bat 18 Baker et al. (1979) 417 Vampyressa nymphaea Yellow-eared bat 26 Baker et al. (1979) 417 Vampyressa brocki Yellow-eared bat 24 Baker et al. (1979) 417 Chiroderma villosum Big-eyed bat/White-lined bat 26 Varella-Garcia et al. (1989) 418 Chiroderma doriae Big-eyed bat/White-lined bat 26 Varella-Garcia et al. (1989) 419 Mesophylla macconnelli Little yellow-faced bat 21 Baker et al. (1979) 420 Chiroderma improvisum Big-eyed bat/White-lined bat 26 Baker et al. (1979) 420 Ectophylla alba White bat 30 Baker et al. (1979) 420 Enchisthenes hartii Hart?s little fruit bat 31 Baker et al. (1979) 421 Artibeus jamaicensis Neotropical fruit bat 30 Baker et al. (1979) 421 Ardops nichollsi Tree bat 31 Baker et al. (1979) 421 Artibeus lituratus Neotropical fruit bat 31 Varella-Garcia et al. (1989) 422 Phyllops haitiensis Falcate-winged bat 31 Baker et al. (1979) 423 Ariteus flavescens Jamaican fig-eating bat 31 Baker et al. (1979) 423 Ametrida centurio Little white-shouldered bat 31 Baker et al. (1979) 423 Sphaeronycteris toxophyllum Visored bat/Red fruit bat 28 Baker et al. (1979) 424 Family Mystacinidae Mystacina tuberculata New Zealand short-tailed bat 36 Bickhman et al. (1980) 424 Family Natalidae Natalus major Funnel-eared bat 36 Hoyt et al. (1980) 425 Family Vespertilionidae Myotis keenii Little brown bat 44 J.W. Bickhman (1979a) 425 Myotis thysanodes Little brown bat 44 J.W. Bickhman (1979a) 425 Myotis mystacina Little brown bat 44 M. Volleth (1987) 426 Myotis sodalis Little brown bat/Indiana bat 44 J.W. Bickhman (1979a) 426 Myotis nigricans Little brown bat 44 J.W. Bickhman (1979a) 426 Myotis nigricans Ideogram Little brown bat 44 J.W. Bickhman (1979a) 427 Pipistrellus pipistrellus Pipistrelle 44 M. Volleth (1987) 427 Pipistrellus ceylonicus Pipistrelle 36 Sreepada et al. (1996) 428 Pipistrellus javanicus Pipistrelle 34 Volleth et al. (2001) 428 Pipistrellus coromandra Pipistrelle 30 Sreepada et al. (1996) 428 Pipistrellus (Hypsugo) crassulus Pipistrelle 30 Volleth et al. (2001) 429 Pipistrellus kuhli Pipistrelle 42 Volleth et al. (2001) 429 Pipistrellus (Vespadelus) vulturnus Pipistrelle 44 Volleth et al. (1989) 430 Pipistrellus (Vespadelus) sagittula Pipistrelle 44 Volleth et al. (1989) 430 Pipistrellus stenopterus Pipistrelle 32 Volleth et al. (2001) 430 Pipistrellus (Falsistrellus) tasmaniensis Pipistrelle 44 Volleth et al. (1991) 431 Pipistrellus mimus Pipistrelle 38 Volleth et al. (2001) 431 Pipistrellus (Hypsugo)eisentrauti Pipistrelle 42 Volleth et al. (2001) 432 Scotozous dormeri Dormer?s bat 30 Volleth et al. (2001) 432 Hesperoptenus blandfordi Blandford?s bat 32 Volleth et al. (2001) 433 Chalinolobus morio Chocolate bat/Lobe-lipped bat/Groove-lipped 44 Volleth et al. (1989) 433 bat/Wattled bat Tylonycteris pachypus Club-footed bat/Bamboo bat 32 Volleth et al. (2001) 433 Tylonycteris robustula Club-footed bat/Bamboo bat 46 Volleth et al. (2001) 434 Scotorepens balstoni Lesser broad-nosed bat 30 Volleth et al. (1991) 434 Eptesicus bottae House bat/Big brown bat/Serotine bat 50 Volleth et al. (2001) 435 Eptesicus fuscus House bat/Big brown bat/Serotine bat 50 E. Teeling et al. (Unpublished) 436 Scotophilus kuhlii House bat/Yellow bat 36 A.D. Stock (1975) 436 Scotophilus heathi House bat/Yellow bat 36 A.D. Stock (1975) 437 Corynorhinus townsendii Lump-nosed bat/American long-eared bat 32 A.D. Stock (1983) 437 Lasiurus borealis Hairy-tailed bat/Red bat 28 Varella-Garcia et al. (1989) 438 Idionycteris phyllotis Allen?s big-eared bat/Lappet-eared bat 30 A.D. Stock (1983) 438 Euderma maculatum Spotted bat/Pinto bat 30 A.D. Stock (1983) 439 xviii CONTENTS K1 ftoc.qxd 12/29/2005 1:57 PM Page xviii Murina cyclotis Tube-nosed insectivora bat 44 Rickart et al. (1999) 439 Nyctophilus gouldi Australian big-eared bat 44 Volleth et al. (1989) 440 Family Molossidae Molossops temminckii Broad-faced bat 48 Morielle-Versute et al. (1996) 440 Molossops abrasus Broad-faced bat 34 Morielle-Versute et al. (1996) 441 Nyctinomops laticaudatus New world free-tailed bat 48 Morielle-Versute et al. (1996) 441 Eumops perotis Mastiff bat/Bonneted bat 48 Morielle-Versute et al. (1996) 441 Eumops glaucinus Mastiff bat/Bonneted bat 40 Morielle-Versute et al. (1996) 442 Molossus molossus Velvety free-tailed bat 48 Morielle-Versute et al. (1996) 442 Molossus rufus(ater) Velvety free-tailed 48 Morielle-Versute et al. (1996) 442 Order Carnivora Family Canidae Vulpes vulpes Red fox 34 ??Bs Graphodatsky et al. (Unpublished) 449 Vulpes vulpes Ideogram Red fox 34 ??Bs N.B. Rubtsov (1998) 450 Vulpes corsac Corsac fox 36 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 451 Vulpes macrotis Kit fox 50 Wayne et al. (1987a) 451 Fennecus zerda Fennec fox 64 A. Graphodatsky (Unpublished) 452 Alopex lagopus Arctic fox 50 Nash et al. (2001) 453 Alopex lagopus Ideogram Arctic fox 50 Nash et al. (2001) 454 Urocyon cinereoargenteus Grey fox 66 Wayne et al. (1987a) 455 Cerdocyon thous Crab-eating fox 74 Nash et al. (2001) 456 Cerdocyon thous Ideogram Crab-eating fox 74 Nash et al. (2001) 457 Nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus Japanese raccoon dog 38 ??Bs Nash et al. (2001) 458 Nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus Ideogram Japanese raccoon dog 38 ??Bs Nash et al. (2001) 459 Nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides Chinese raccoon dog 54 ??Bs Graphodatsky et al. (Unpublished) 460 Atelocynus microtis Small-eared dog/Round-eared dog 74 Wurster-Hill et al. (1982) 461 Speothos venaticus Bush dog 74 Wayne et al. (1987) 462 Canis latrans Coyote 78 Wurster-Hill et al. (1982) 463 Canis lupus Grey wolf 78 Wurster-Hill et al. (1982) 464 Canis familiaris Domestic dog 78 Graphodatsky et al. (Unpublished) 465 Canis familiaris Ideogram Domestic dog 78 Graphodatsky et al. (2000) 466 Chrysocyon brachyurus Maned wolf 76 Wayne et al. (1987a) 467 Otocyon megalotis Bat-eared fox 72 Wayne et al. (1987a) 468 Family Ursidae Tremarctos ornatus Spectacled bear 52 W.G. Nash (Unpublished) 469 Tremarctos ornatus Ideogram Spectacled bear 52 W.G. Nash (Unpublished) 470 Ursus thibetanus Asiatic black bear 74 Nash et al. (1987) 471 Ursus americanus American black bear 74 Nash et al. (1987) 472 Ursus arctos Brown bear 74 Nash et al. (1987) 473 Ursus maritimus Polar bear 74 Nash et al. (1987) 474 Ursus malayanus Sun bear 74 Nash et al. (1987) 475 Ursus ursinus Sloth bear 74 Nash et al. (1987) 476 Ailuropoda melanoleuca Giant panda 42 W.G. Nash (Unpublished) 477 Ailuropoda melanoleuca Ideogram Giant panda 42 Nash et al. (1998) 478 Family Procyonidae Ailurus fulgens Lesser panda 36 W.G. Nash (Unpublished) 479 Bassariscus astutus Ringtail/Cacomistle 38 W.G. Nash (Unpublished) 479 Potos flavus Kinkajou 38 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 480 Procyon lotor Raccoon 38 R. Stanyon (Unpublished) 480 Procyon lotor Ideogram Raccoon 38 Stanyon et al. (1993) 481 Bassaricyon sp. Olingo 38 Wurster-Hill et al. (1975) 482 Family Mustelidae Mustela erminea Ermine/Stoat 44 A. Graphodatsky (Unpublished) 482 CONTENTS xix K1 ftoc.qxd 12/29/2005 1:57 PM Page xix Mustela nivalis Least weasel 42 Perelman et al. (Unpublished) 483 Mustela altaica Mountain weasel 44 Perelman et al. (Unpublished) 484 Mustela lutreola European mink 38 A. Graphodatsky (Unpublished) 485 Mustela sibirica Siberian weasel 38 A. Graphodatsky (Unpublished) 485 Mustela sibirica itatsi Japanese weasel 38 A. Graphodatsky (Unpublished) 486 Mustela vison American mink 30 W.G. Nash (Unpublished) 486 Mustela vison Ideogram American mink 30 O.L. Serov (1998b) 487 Mustela putorius putorius Wild polecat 40 A. Graphodatsky (Unpublished) 487 Mustela putorius furo Domesticated ferret 40 A. Graphodatsky (Unpublished) 488 Mustela eversmanni Steppe polecat 38 A. Graphodatsky (Unpublished) 489 Martes foina Beech marten 38 Nei et al. (2002) 489 Vormela peregusna Marbled polecat 38 A. Graphodatsky (Unpublished) 490 Martes martes Pine marten 38 A. Graphodatsky (Unpublished) 491 Martes zibellina Sable 38 A. Graphodatsky (Unpublished) 491 Martes melampus Japanese marten 38 Perelman et al. (Unpublished) 492 Martes flavigula Yellow-throated marten 40 Nei et al. (2002) 492 Eira barbara Tayra 38 Wurster-Hill et al. (1982) 493 Galictis vittata Allamand?s grisón/Greater grisón 38 Wurster-Hill et al. (1982) 493 Ictonix striatus Striped polecat/Zorilla 38 Perelman et al. (Unpublished) 494 Gulo gulo Wolverine 42 A. Graphodatsky (Unpublished) 495 Mellivora capensis Ratel/Honey badger 40 Wurster-Hill et al. (1982) 495 Meles meles Old world badger 44 Nei et al. (2002) 496 Melogale sp Ferret badger 38 Wurster-Hill et al. (1982) 496 Spilogale gracilis latifrons Spotted skunk 60 K. Benirschke (1969c) 497 Spilogale putorius interrupta Spotted skunk 64 K. Benirschke (1969c) 497 Lutra lutra European river otter 36 A. Graphodatsky (Unpublished) 498 Family Viverridae Viverricula indica Lesser oriental civet/Rasse 38 Wurster-Hill et al. (1975) 498 Genetta genetta Small spotted genet 54 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 499 Genetta tigrina Large spotted genet 54 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 499 Prionodon linsang Banded linsang/Oriental linsang 34 Wurster-Hill et al. (1975) 500 Nandinia binotata African palm civet 38 Wurster-Hill et al. (1975) 500 Paradoxurus hermaphroditus Palm civet 42 Wurster-Hill et al. (1975) 501 Arctictis binturong Binturong 42 Wurster-Hill et al. (1975) 501 Paguma larvata Masked palm civet 44 Graphodatsky et al. (Unpublished) 502 Hemigalus derbyanus Banded palm civet 42 Wurster-Hill et al. (1975) 503 Fossa fossa (fossana) Malagasy civet 42 W.G. Nash (Unpublished) 503 Family Herpestidae Galidia elegans Malagasy ring-tailed mongoose 44 Wurster-Hill et al. (1975) 504 Herpestes javanicus Java mongoose 36 Yang et al. (Unpublished) 504 Helogale parvula Dwarf mongoose 36 W.G. Nash (Unpublished) 505 Bdeogale sp Black-legged mongoose 36 Wurster-Hill et al. (1975) 505 Atilax paludinosus African marsh mongoose/Water mongoose 35 Wurster-Hill et al. (1975) 506 Cryptoprocta ferox Fossa 42 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 506 Family Hyaenidae Parahyaena brunnea Brown hyena 40 Perelman et al. (Unpublished) 507 Crocuta crocuta Spotted hyena 40 W.G. Nash (Unpublished) 508 Family Felidae Leopardus pardalis Ocelot 36 Wurster-Hill et al. (1975) 509 Leopardus tigrinus Tiger cat/Little spotted cat 38 Wurster-Hill et al. (1982) 509 Lynchailurus colocolo Pampas cat 38 Wurster-Hill et al. (1973) 510 Oncifelis geoffroyi Geoffroy?s cat 36 W.G. Nash (Unpublished) 511 Felis catus Domestic cat 38 W.G. Nash (Unpublished) 512 Felis catus Ideogram Domestic cat 38 Cho et al. (1997) 513 xx CONTENTS K1 ftoc.qxd 12/29/2005 1:57 PM Page xx Felis chaus Jungle cat 38 Wurster-Hill et al. (1973) 514 Felis margarita Sand cat 38 Wurster-Hill et al. (1975) 514 Felis nigripes Black-footed cat 38 W.G. Nash (Unpublished) 515 Panthera leo Lion 38 W.G. Nash (Unpublished) 516 Panthera tigris altaica Siberian tiger 38 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 517 Neofelis nebulosa diardi Bornean clouded leopard 38 W.G. Nash (Unpublished) 518 Neofelis nebulosa Mainland clouded leopard 38 W.G. Nash (Unpublished) 519 Puma concolor Puma/Cougar/Mountain lion 38 Wurster-Hill et al. (1973) 520 Acinonyx jubatus Cheetah 38 W.G. Nash (Unpublished) 521 Herpailurus yagouaroundi Jaguarundi 38 Wurster-Hill et al. (1973) 522 Lynx lynx Eurasian lynx 38 Fang et al. (Unpublished) 522 Prionailurus bengalensis Asian leopard cat 38 Wurster-Hill et al. (1973) 523 Prionailurus viverrinus Fishing cat 38 Wurster-Hill et al. (1973) 524 Caracal caracal Caracal 38 Wurster-Hill et al. (1973) 525 Profelis temmincki Asian golden cat 38 Wurster-Hill et al. (1973) 525 Leptailurus serval Serval 38 Wurster-Hill et al. (1982) 526 Octocolobus manul Pallas?s cat 38 Wurster-Hill et al. (1975) 527 Family Otariidae Callorhinus ursinus Northern fur seal 36 U. Arnason (1997) 528 Arctocephalus pusillus South African fur seal/Southern fur seal 36 U. Arnason (1997) 528 Zalophus californianus California sea lion 36 U. Arnason (1974b) 529 Eumetopias jubatus Northern sea lion/Steller sea lion 36 U. Arnason (1974b) 529 Family Odobenidae Odobenus rosmarus Walrus 32 U. Arnason (1997) 530 Family Phocidae Monachus schauinslandi Hawaiian monk seal 34 U. Arnason (1997) 530 Leptonychotes weddelli Weddell seal 34 U. Arnason (1974b) 531 Mirounga angustirostris Northern elephant seal 34 U. Arnason (1974b) 531 Erignathus barbatus Bearded seal 34 U. Arnason (1974b) 532 Cystophora cristata Hooded seal 34 U. Arnason (1974b) 532 Halichoerus grypus Gray seal 32 U. Arnason (1974b) 533 Phoca groenlandica Harp seal 32 U. Arnason (1974c) 533 Phoca hispida Ringed seal 32 U. Arnason (1974c) 534 Phoca fasciata Ribbon seal 32 U. Arnason (1997) 534 Phoca vitulina Harbor seal/Common seal 32 W.G. Nash (Unpublished) 535 Phoca vitulina Ideogram Harbor seal/Common seal 32 L. Froenicke (Unpublished) 536 Order Pholidota Family Manidae Manis javanica Javan pangolin/Malayan pangolin/Scaly 38 F. Yang (Unpublished) 538 anteater Order Cetartiodactyla Family Lipotidae Lipotes vexillifer Baiji/Chinese river dolphin 44 Minrong et al. (1986) 545 Family Monodontidae Delphinapterus leucas Beluga whale/White whale 44 Jarrell et al. (1981) 546 Family Phocoenidae Phocoena phocoena Harbor porpoise/Common porpoise 44 U. Arnason (1980a) 547 Family Delphinidae Stenella clymene Atlantic spinner dolphin 44 U. Arnason (1980a) 547 Stenella attenuata Pantropical spotted dolphin 44 A.D. Stock (1981) 548 Stenella dubia Spotted dolphin 44 U. Arnason (1974c) 549 Delphinus delphis Common dolphin/Saddlebacked dolphin 44 U. Arnason (1974a) 549 CONTENTS xxi K1 ftoc.qxd 12/29/2005 1:57 PM Page xxi Lagenorhynchus albirostris White-beaked dolphin 44 U. Arnason (1980a) 550 Tursiops truncatus Bottle-nosed dolphin 44 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 550 Tursiops truncatus Ideogram Bottle-nosed dolphin 44 Bielec et al. (1997) 551 Orcinus orca Killer whale 44 Arnason et al. (1980b) 552 Globicephala macrorhynchus Pilot whale/Blackfish 44 U. Arnason (1974a) 553 Family Ziphiidae Mesoplodon carlhubbsi Hubbs? beaked whale 42 Arnason et al. (1977) 553 Mesoplodon europaeus Gervais? beaked whale 42 Arnason et al. (1977) 554 Family Physeteridae Kogia breviceps Pygmy sperm whale 42 Arnason et al. (1973) 555 Physeter macrocephalus Sperm whale 42 Arnason et al. (1973) 556 Family Eschrichtiidae Eschrichtius robustus Gray whale 44 U. Arnason (1981a) 557 Family Balaenidae Balaena mysticetus Bowhead whale/Greenland right whale 42 G.H. Jarelle (1979) 557 Family Balaenopteridae Balaenoptera acutorostrata Minke whale 44 U. Arnason (1981a) 558 Balaenoptera physalus Fin whale 44 U. Arnason (1974a) 558 Balaenoptera borealis Sei whale 44 W.G. Nash (Unpublished) 559 Balaenoptera musculus Blue whale 44 U. Arnason (1989) 560 Megaptera novaeangliae Humpback whale 44 U. Arnason (1974a) 561 Order Cetartiodactyla Family Suidae Sus scrofa domestica Domestic pig/Hog/Boar 38 A. Graphodatsky (Unpublished) 564 Sus scrofa domestica Ideogram Domestic pig/Hog/Boar 38 Biltueva et al. (2004) 565 Sus scrofa scrofa European wild boar/Hog/Boar 36 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 565 Sus barbatus Bearded pig/Hog/Boar 38 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 566 Sus cebifrons Visayan warty pig/Hog/Boar 34 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 566 Potamochoerus porcus Red river hog 34 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 567 Potamachoerus larvatus Southern bush pig/African bush pig 34 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 568 Phacochoerus africanus sundervallii Southern warthog 34 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 569 Babyrousa babyrussa celebensis Sulawesi babirusa 38 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 569 Family Tayassuidae Catagonus wagneri Chacoan peccary 20 Benirschke et al. (1989) 570 Tayassu pecari White-lipped peccary 26 Benirschke et al. (1989) 570 Tayassu tajacu Collared peccary 30 Benirschke et al. (1989) 571 Family Hippopotamidae Hippopotamus amphibius Hippopotamus 36 R. Stanyon (Unpublished) 571 Family Camelidae Camelus bactrianus Bactrian camel/Two-humped camel 74 A. Graphodatsky (Unpublished) 572 Camelus dromedarius Dromedary camel/One-humped camel 74 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 573 Family Tragulidae Tragulus javanicus Lesser malay chevrotain/Asiatic mouse deer 32 Gallagher et al. (1996) 574 Family Giraffidae Okapia johnstoni Okapi 45?46 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 575 Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi Masai giraffe 30 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 575 Family Moschidae Moschus moschiferus Siberian musk deer 58 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 576 Family Cervidae Elaphodus cephalophus Tufted deer 46?48 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 577 Muntiacus muntjak vaginalis North Indian muntjac/Barking deer 6F/7M CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 577 xxii CONTENTS K1 ftoc.qxd 12/29/2005 1:57 PM Page xxii Muntiacus feae Fea?s muntjac/Barking deer 14M Soma et al. (1983) 578 Muntiacus reevesi Chinese muntjac/Barking deer 46 Yang et al. (1995) 578 Muntiacus reevesi Ideogram Chinese muntjac/Barking deer 46 Yang et al. (1995) 579 Muntiacus gongshanensis Gongshan muntjac/Barking deer 8F Yang et al. (1995) 580 Muntiacus crinifons Black muntjac/Barking deer 8F/9M Yang et al. (1995) 580 Dama mesopotamica (dama) Persian fallow deer 68 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 581 Axis kuhlii Kuhl?s deer/Axis deer 68 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 582 Axis calamianensis Calamian deer/Axis deer 68 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 583 Cervus unicolor malaccensis Malayan sambar deer/Wapiti 56 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 584 Cervus nippon hortulorum Dybowski?s sika 66 A. Graphodatsky (Unpublished) 585 Cervus nippon mandarinus Mandarin sika 66 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 586 Cervus albirostris White-lipped deer/Thorold?s deer 66 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 587 Cervus elaphus bactrianus Bactrian wapiti/Red deer 68 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 588 Cervus elaphus sibiricus Red deer/Wapiti 68 A. Graphodatsky (Unpublished) 589 Alces alces Moose/Elk 68 A. Graphodatsky (Unpublished) 590 Rangifer tarandus Siberian reindeer/Caribou 70 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 591 Capreolus pygargus Roe deer 70 ??B?s A. Graphodatsky (Unpublished) 592 Family Antilocapridae Antilocapra americana Pronghorn 58 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 593 Family Bovidae Tragelaphus angasii Lowland nyala 55 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 594 Tragelaphus strepsiceros Greater kudu 32 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 595 Tragelaphus imberbis Lesser kudu 38 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 596 Tragelaphus eurycerus Bongo 34F/33M CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 597 Taurotragus oryx pattersonianus Patterson?s eland 32F/31M CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 597 Taurotragus derbianus Giant eland 32F/31M CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 598 Boselaphus tragocamelus Nilgai 46 Gallagher et al. (1998) 599 Bubalus bubalis Asian water buffalo 50 L. Iannuzzi (1994) 600 Bubalus bubalis Ideogram Asian water buffalo 50 L. Iannuzzi (1994) 601 Bubalus depressicornis Lowland anoa 48 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 602 Syncerus caffer Forest buffalo/African buffalo 54?56 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 603 Bos taurus Domestic cattle 60 Graphodatsky et al. (Unpublished) 604 Bos taurus Ideogram Domestic cattle 60 Cribiu et al. (2001) 605 Bos javaniscus Javan banteng/Bali cattle 60 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 606 Bos frontalis (gaurus) Gaur/Seladang 58 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 607 Bos grunniens Yak/Oxen 60 Graphodatsky et al. (Unpublished) 608 Bison bonasus European bison/Wisent 60 A. Graphodatsky (Unpublished) 609 Cephalophus rufilatus Red-flanked duiker 60 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 610 Cephalophus niger Black duiker 60 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 611 Cephalophus sylvicultor Yellow-backed duiker 60 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 612 Cephalophus dorsalis Bay duiker 60 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 613 Cephalophus monticola Blue duiker 60 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 614 Kobus ellipsiprymnus defassa Defassa waterbuck 53?54 Kingswood et al. (1998b) 615 Kobus ellipsiprymnus ellipsiprymnus Ellipsen waterbuck 50?52 Kingswood et al. (1998b) 615 Kobus megaceros Nile lechwe 52 Kingswood et al. (2000) 616 Kobus leche Red lechwe 48 Kingswood et al. (2000) 617 Kobus kob thomasi Uganda kob 50 Kingswood et al. (2000) 618 Pelea capreolus Rhebok 56 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 619 Hippotragus equinus Roan antelope 60 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 620 Hippotragus niger Sable antelope 60 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 621 Oryx dammah Scimitar-horned oryx 56?58 Kumamoto et al. (1999) 622 Oryx leucoryx Arabian oryx 57?58 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 623 Oryx gazella beisa Beisa oryx 58 Kumamoto et al. (1999) 624 Oryx gazella callotis Fringe-eared oryx 58 Kumamoto et al. (1999) 625 CONTENTS xxiii K1 ftoc.qxd 12/29/2005 1:57 PM Page xxiii Oryx gazella gazella Gemsbok 56 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 626 Addax nasomaculatus Addax 58 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 627 Damaliscus hunteri Hunter?s hartebeest 44 Kumamoto et al. (1996) 628 Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi Blesbok 38 Kumamoto et al. (1996) 629 Damaliscus lunatus topi Topi 36 Kumamoto et al. (1996) 630 Alcelaphus buselaphus jacksoni Jackson?s hartebeest 40 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 631 Connochaetes gnou White-tailed gnu/Black wildebeest 58 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 632 Connochaetes taurinus albojubatus Brindled gnu 58 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 632 Oreotagus oretragus stevensoni Klipspringer 60 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 633 Raphicerus campestris Steenbok 30 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 634 Neotragus moschatus Suni antelope/Dwarf antelope 52?56 Kingswood et al. (1998a) 634 Madoqua guentheri Guenther?s dik-dik 48?50 Kingswood et al. (1996) 635 Madoqua kirkii Kirk?s dik-dik 46?48 Kingswood et al. (1997) 636 Antilope cervicapra Blackbuck 30?33 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 637 Aepyceros melampus petersi Black-faced impala 58?60 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 638 Gazella saudiya Saudi gazelle 46?53 Kumamoto et al. (1995) 639 Gazella bennettii Chinkara/Gazelle/Indian gazelle 49?52 Kumamoto et al. (1995) 639 Gazella gazella Mountain gazelle 34F/35M CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 640 Gazella spekei Speke?s gazelle 32F/33M CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 640 Gazella cuvieri Cuvier?s gazelle 32F/33M CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 641 Gazella rufifrons laevipes Red-fronted gazelle 58 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 641 Gazella subgutturosa subgutturosa Persian goitered gazelle 32F/31M CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 642 Gazella subgutturosa marica Sand gazelle 30?32F Kingswood et al. (1996) 642 31?33M Gazella thomsonii Thomson?s gazelle 58 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 643 Gazella granti roosevelti Roosevelt?s gazelle 30F/31M CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 643 Gazella dama ruficollis Addra gazelle 38?40 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 644 Gazella dama mhorr Mhorr gazella 38?40 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 644 Gazella soemmerringii Soemmerring?s gazelle 34?39 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 645 Antidorcas marsupialis Springbok/Springbuck 56 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 646 Oreamnos americanus Rocky mountain goat 42 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 646 Capricornis crispus Serow 50 Biltueva et al. (Unpublished) 647 Naemorhedus goral Goral 56 Biltueva et al. (Unpublished) 648 Budorcas taxicolor Takin 52 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 649 Ovibos moschatus Muskox 48 Graphodatsky et al. (Unpublished) 650 Capra hircus Domestic goat 60 Biltueva et al. (Unpublished) 651 Capra cylindricornis East Caucasian tur/Goat 60 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 652 Capra pyrenaica hispanica Spanish ibex/Goat 60 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 653 Pseudois nayaur szechuanensis Chinese bharal/Blue Sheep 56 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 654 Ovis orientalis musimon European mouflon/Sheep 54 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 655 Ovis aries Domestic sheep 54 Cribiu et al. (2001) 656 Ovis aries Ideogram Domestic sheep 54 Cribiu et al. (2001) 657 Ovis canadensis Rocky mountain bighorn sheep 54 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 658 Order Perissodactyla Family Equidae Equus asinus Donkey 62 Alaoui et al. (2004) 663 Equus asinus (africanus) somaliensis Somali wild ass 62?64 Houck et al. (1998) 663 Equus hemionus onager Onager 55?56 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 664 Equus hemionus kulan Kulan 54?55 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 665 Equus przewalskii Przewalski wild horse 66 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 666 Equus caballus Domestic horse 64 Stanyon et al. (Unpublished) 667 Equus caballus Ideogram Domestic horse 64 Bowling et al. (1997) 668 Equus burchelli Burchell?s zebra 44 Graphodatsky et al. (Unpublished) 669 Equus quagga boehmi Grant?s zebra/Quagga 44?45 CRES San Diego (Unpublished) 670 xxiv CONTENTS K1 ftoc.qxd 12/29/2005 1:57 PM Page xxiv Family Tapiridae Tapirus terrestris Lowland tapir 80 Houck et al. (2000) 671 Tapirus pinchaque Mountain tapir 76 Houck et al. (2000) 672 Tapirus bairdii Baird?s tapir 80 Houck et al. (2000) 673 Tapirus indicus Malayan tapir 52 Houck et al. (2000) 674 Family Rhinocerotidae Rhinoceros unicornis Greater Indian rhinoceros 82 Houck et al. (1995) 675 Ceratotherium simum simum Southern white rhinoceros/Square-lipped 82 Houck et al. (1994) 676 rhinoceros Diceros bicornis Black rhinoceros 84 Houck et al. (1995) 677
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Karyotypes -- Atlases.
Mammals -- Atlases.
Chromosomes, Mammalian -- Atlases.