We thank John Stein and Gina Ylitalo for careful review of this manuscript, and Sharon Giese and Barbara Bennett for editorial comments and assistance. We would like to thank Dr. R. C. Gupta, Dr. M. V. Reddy, Dr. B. Dunn and, in particular, Dr. Kurt Randerath for many helpful discussions on the 32P-postlabeling process. In particular, we are indebted to Dr. Usha Varanasi for her insights and enthusiasm for the studies of genotoxicity in marine species. This work was supported, in part, by funds from NOAA's Coastal Ocean Program and the National Status and Trends Program.
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| ADP | adenosine diphosphate |
| AMP | adenosine monophosphate |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate |
| BaP | benzo[a]pyrene |
| CHES | 2[N-cyclohexylamino]ethanesulfonic acid (a buffer) |
| Ci | curie (1 curie = 2.22x1012 dpm) |
| CIA | chloroform/isoamyl alcohol, 24:1, v/v |
| CIP | chloroform/isoamyl alcohol/phenol, 24:1:25, v/v/v |
| cpm | counts per minute |
| D1 | direction for solvent development (see Fig. 5) |
| D2 | direction for solvent development (see Fig. 5) |
| D3 | direction for solvent development (see Fig. 5) |
| D4 | direction for solvent development (see Fig. 5) |
| DBC | dibenzo[c,g]carbazole |
| ddH2O | deionized distilled water |
| dpm | disintegrations per minute |
| DRZ | diagonal radioactive zone |
| EDTA | ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid |
| EtOH | ethanol |
| HCl | hydrochloric acid |
| HPLC | high performance liquid chromatography |
| LFU | lithium formate/urea solvent system used for developing chromatograms in the D3 direction |
| LiCl | lithium chloride |
| LSS | liquid scintillation spectrometry |
| LTU | lithium chloride/Tris/urea solvent system used for developing chromatograms in the D4 direction |
| mCi | millicuries |
| MN | micrococcal nuclease |
| PAH | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon |
| dpGp | 3', 5'-deoxyguanosine bisphosphate |
| PEI | polyethyleneimine |
| PNK | polynucleotide kinase |
| PPL | 32P-postlabeling |
| PTU | sodium phosphate/Tris/urea |
| Rf | distance of the spot from the start/distance of the solvent front from the start |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid |
| SDS | sodium dodecyl sulfate |
| SPD | spleen phosphodiesterase |
| TE | 10 mM Tris, 1mM EDTA, pH 7.5 |
| TLC | thin-layer chromatography |
| UV | ultraviolet |
| v/v | volume by volume |