TITLE: Cultural and Mechanical Weed Control
PUBLICATION DATE: August 1994
ENTRY DATE: April 1995
EXPIRATION DATE:
UPDATE FREQUENCY:
CONTACT: Jane Gates
Alternative Farming Systems Information Center
National Agricultural Library
Room 304, 10301 Baltimore Ave.
Beltsville, MD 20705-2351
Telephone: (301) 504-6559
FAX: (301) 504-6409
DOCUMENT TYPE: text
DOCUMENT SIZE: 240k (132 pages)
==============================================================
ISSN: 1052-5378
United States Department of Agriculture
National Agricultural Library
10301 Baltimore Blvd.
Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351
Cultural and Mechanical Weed Control
January 1991 - April 1994
QB 94-52
Quick Bibliography Series Bibliographies in the Quick Bibliography Series of the
National Agricultural Library, are intended primarily for
current awareness, and as the title of the series implies, are
not indepth exhaustive bibliographies on any given subject.
However, the citations are a substantial resource for recent
investigations on a given topic. They also serve the purpose
of bringing the literature of agriculture to the interested
user who, in many cases, could not access it by any other
means. The bibliographies are derived from computerized on-
line searches of the AGRICOLA data base. Timeliness of topic
and evidence of extensive interest are the selection criteria.
The author/searcher determines the purpose, length, and search
strategy of the Quick Bibliography. Information regarding
these is available upon request from the author/searcher.
Copies of this bibliography may be made or used for
distribution without prior approval. The inclusion or
omission of a particular publication or citation may not be
construed as endorsement or disapproval.
To request a copy of a bibliography in this series, send the
series title, series number and self-addressed gummed label
to:
U.S. Department of Agriculture
National Agricultural Library
Public Services Division, Room 111
Beltsville, Maryland 20705-2351
ultural and Mechanical Weed Control
January 1991 - April
Quick Bibliography Series: QB 94-52
Updates QB 91-119
241 citations in English from AGRICOLA
Mary V. Gold
Alternative Farming Systems Information Center
August 1994
National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record:
Gold, Mary V.
Double cropping and interplanting : January 1991-February
1994.
(Quick bibliography series ; 94-51)
1. Double cropping--Bibliography. I. Title.
aZ5071.N3 no.94-51
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits
discrimination in its programs on the basis of race, color,
national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political
beliefs, and marital or familial status. (Not all prohibited
bases apply to all programs). Persons with disabilities who
require alternative means for communication of program
information (braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should
contact the USDA Office of Communications at (202) 720-5881
(voice) or (202) 720-7808 (TDD).
To file a complaint, write the Secretary of Agriculture, U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. 20250, or call
(202) 720-7327 (voice) or (202) 720-1127 (TDD). USDA is an
equal employment opportunity employer.
AGRICOLA
Citations in this bibliography were entered in the AGRICOLA
database between January 1979 and the present.
SAMPLE CITATIONS
Citations in this bibliography are from the National
Agricultural Library's AGRICOLA database. An explanation of
sample journal article, book, and audiovisual citations
appears below.
JOURNAL ARTICLE:
Citation # NAL Call No.
Article title.
Author. Place of publication: Publisher. Journal Title.
Date. Volume (Issue). Pages. (NAL Call Number).
Example:
1 NAL Call No.: DNAL 389.8.SCH6
Morrison, S.B. Denver, Colo.: American School Food Service
Association. School foodservice journal. Sept 1987. v. 41
(8). p.48-50. ill.
BOOK:
Citation # NAL Call Number
Title.
Author. Place of publication: Publisher, date. Information
on pagination, indices, or bibliographies.
Example:
1 NAL Call No.: DNAL RM218.K36 1987
Exploring careers in dietetics and nutrition.
Kane, June Kozak. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, 1987.
Includes index. xii, 133 p.: ill.; 22 cm. Bibliography:
p. 126.
AUDIOVISUAL:
Citation # NAL Call Number
Title.
Author. Place of publication: Publisher, date.
Supplemental information such as funding. Media format
(i.e., videocassette): Description (sound, color, size).
Example:
1 NAL Call No.: DNAL FNCTX364.A425 F&N AV
All aboard the nutri-train.
Mayo, Cynthia. Richmond, Va.: Richmond Public Schools,
1981. NET funded. Activity packet prepared by Cynthia
Mayo. 1 videocassette (30 min.): sd., col.; 3/4 in. +
activity packet.
Cultural and Mechanical Weed Control
SEARCH STRATEGY
SET DESCRIPTION
1 WEED?(3N)(CONTROL? OR MANAG?)
2 CULTURAL? OR MECHANICAL? OR MANUAL? OR CULTIVAT?
OR NONCHEMICAL? OR (NON()CHEMICAL?)
3 S1 AND S2
4 S3 AND SH=F900
5 MULCH? OR (PLASTIC()FILM) OR (POLYETHYLENE()FILM)
OR ALLELOPATH? OR PLOWING OR DISKING OR DISCING
OR RELAY OR INTERCROP? OR (INTER()CROP?) OR
FLAME? OR FLAMING? OR BURNING OR HOE OR HOES OR
HOEING OR (SOIL(2N)SOLARIZ?) OR FREEZING OR GEESE
6 S5/TI,DE,ID
7 (S6 AND S1) OR (S6 AND SH=F900)
8 S3 OR S7
9 S8/ENG
10 S9/1991-1994
Cultural and Mechanical Weed Control
1 NAL Call. No.: S1.N32
10 years without herbicides! Fertility practices reduce the
impact of weeds.
Peters, S.
Emmaus, Pa. : Rodale Institute; 1991 Mar.
The New farm v. 13 (3): p. 9-11. ill; 1991 Mar.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pennsylvania; Weeds; Cultural weed control;
Cropping systems; Rotations; Tillage; Planting date
2 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
2,2'-oxo-1,1'-azobenzene: microbial transformation of rye
(Secale cereale L.) allelochemical in field soils by
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus. III. Chase, W.R.; Nair, M.G.;
Putnam, A.R.; Mishra, S.K.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1991 Aug.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 17 (8): p. 1575-1584; 1991 Aug.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Secale cereale; Plant composition;
Allelochemicals; Acinetobacter calcoaceticus; Allelopathy;
Microbial activities
Abstract: Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, a gram-negative
bacterium isolated from field soil, was found to be
responsible for the biotransformation of 2(3H)-benzoxazolinone
(BOA) to 2,2'-oxo-1,1'-azobenzene (AZOB). Experiments were
conducted to evaluate the transformation of BOA to AZOB by
this microbe in sterile and nonsterile soil. Transformation
studies with soils inoculated with A. calcoaceticus indicated
that the production of AZOB increased linearly with the
concentration of BOA in sterile soil and showed a quadratic
trend in nonsterile soils. This also indicated that all soil
types studied for the transformation experiments might contain
A. calcoaceticus capable of the conversion of
benzoxazolinones.
3 NAL Call. No.: 464.8 P566
Abiotic and biotic factors affecting Rhagoletis mendax
[Diptera: Tephritidae] populations in eastern Canadian lowbush
blueberry fields. Geddes, P.S.; Le Blanc, J.P.R.; Yule, W.N.
Saint-Hyacinthe : Quebec Society for the Protection of Plants;
1992 Aug.
Phytoprotection v. 73 (2): p. 73-78; 1992 Aug. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nova Scotia; New Brunswick; Rhagoletis mendax;
Vaccinium angustifolium; Infestation; Soil acidity; Migration;
Prescribed burning; Weeds
4 NAL Call. No.: 1.962 C5T71
Advantages of an effective weed control program for Populus
hybrids.
Bowersox, T.W.; Stover, L.R.; Strauss, C.H.; Blankenhorn, P.R.
Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1992.
Tree planters' notes - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest
Service v. 43 (3): p. 81-86; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pennsylvania; Populus trichocarpa; Populus
maximowiczii; Hybrids; Weed control; Mechanical methods;
Chemical control; Glyphosate; Forest plantations
5 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Allelopathic activity in wheat-conventional and wheat-no-till
soils: development of soil extract bioassays.
Blum, U.; Gerig, T.M.; Worsham, A.D.; Holappa, L.D.; King,
L.D. New York, N.Y. : Plenum Publishing Corporation; 1992 Dec.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 18 (12): p. 2191-2221; 1992
Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Cabt; Triticum aestivum; Glycine
max; Allelopathy; Germination; Bioassays; Phenolic acids;
Hydroxamic acids; Soil analysis; Extraction; Tillage;
Pharbitis hederacea; Trifolium incarnatum; Weed control
Abstract: The primary objective of this research was to
determine if soil extracts could be used directly in bioassays
for the detection of allelopathic activity. Here we describe:
(1) a way to estimate levels of allelopathic compounds in
soil; (2) how pH, solute potential, and/or ion content of
extracts may modify the action of allelopathic compounds on
germination and radicle and hypocotyl length of crimson clover
(Trifolium incarnatum L.) and ivy-leaved morning glory
(Ipomoea hederacea L. Jacquin.), and 3) how biological
activity of soil extracts may be determined. A water-autoclave
extraction procedure was chosen over the immediate-water and
5-hr EDTA extraction procedures, because the autoclave
procedure was effective in extracting solution and reversibly
bound ferulic acid as well as phenolic acids from wheat
debris. The resulting soil extracts were used directly in
germination bioassays. A mixture of phenolic acids similar to
that obtained from wheat-no-till soils did not affect
germination of clover or morning glory and radicle and
hypocotyl length of morning glory. The mixture did, however,
reduce radicle and hypocotyl length of clover. Individual
phenolic acids also did not inhibit germination, but did
reduce radicle and hypocotyl length of both species. 6-MBOA
(6-methoxy-2,3-benzoxazolinone), a conversion product of 2-o-
glucosyl-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxacin-3-one, a hydroxamic acid in
living wheat plants, inhibited germination and radicle and
hypocotyl length of clover and morning glory. 6-MBOA, however,
was not detected in wheat debris, stubble, or soil extracts.
Total phenolic acids (FC) in extracts were determined with
Folin and Ciocalteu's phenol reagent. Levels of FC in wheat-
conventional-till soil extracts were not related to
germination or radicle and hypocotyl length either species.
Levels of FC in wheat-no-till soil extracts were also not
related to germination of clover or morning glory, but were
inversely related to radicle and hypocotyl length of clover
and morning glory. FC values, solute potential, and acidity of
wheat-no-till soil extracts appeared to be independent
(additive) in action on clover radicle and hypocotyl length.
Radicle and hypocotyl length of clover was inversely related
to increasing FC and solute potential and directly related to
decreasing acidity. Biological activity of extracts was
determined best from slopes of radicle and hypocotyl length
obtained from bioassays of extract dilutions, Thus, data
derived from the water-autoclave extraction procedure, FC
analysis, and slope analysis for extract activity in
conjunction with data on extract pH and solute potential can
be used to estimate allelopathic activity of wheat-no-till
soils
6 NAL Call. No.: 79.9 SO8 (P)
Allelopathic cover crops to reduce herbicide input.
Worsham, A.D.
Raleigh, N.C. : The Society :.; 1991.
Proceedings - Southern Weed Science Society v. 44: p. 58-69;
1991. Paper
presented at the meeting on "Perception: Fact or Fiction",
held January 14-16, 1991, San Antonio, Texas. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Cover crops; Allelopathy;
Herbicides; Application rates; Weed control
7 NAL Call. No.: S596.53.S69
Allelopathic effect of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) cultivars
on certain weed
and vegetable species.
Reinhardt, C.F.; Meissner, R.; Nel, P.C.
Pretoria : Bureau for Scientific Publications, Foundation for
Education, Science and Technology, [1984-; 1993 Feb.
South African journal of plant and soil; Suid-Afrikaanse
tydskrif vir plant en
grond v. 10 (1): p. 41-44; 1993 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ipomoea batatas; Cultivars; Allelopathy
8 NAL Call. No.: SB617.45.W47N69 1991
Allelopathy.
Stevens, K.L.
Boulder : Westview Press; 1991.
Noxious range weeds / edited by Lynn F. James ... [et al.]..
p. 127-137; 1991.
(Westview special studies in agriculture science and policy).
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Weeds; Rangelands; Plant interaction; Plant
competition
9 NAL Call. No.: S51.E2
Allelopathy as a factor in the pasture ecosystem.
Smith, A.E.
Athens, Ga. : The Stations; 1991 May.
Research bulletin - University of Georgia, Agricultural
Experiment Stations
(399): 11 p.; 1991 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Pastures; Fodder crops; Weeds;
Allelopathy
10 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Alternative weed management systems for the production of
kidney beans
(Phaseolus vulgaris).
Burnside, O.C.; Krause, N.H.; Wiens, M.J.; Johnson, M.M.;
Ristau, E.A.
Champaign, Ill. : The Weed Science Society of America; 1993
Oct. Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society
of America v. 7 (4): p. 940-945; 1993 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Minnesota; Cabt; Phaseolus vulgaris; Weed
control; Irrigated
conditions; Setaria viridis; Solanum sarrachoides; Crop weed
competition; Cover crops; Tillage; Cultural weed control;
Sustainability; Crop yield; Economic analysis; Herbicides;
Cultural methods
11 NAL Call. No.: QH541.5.F6F67
Alternatives to herbicides: comparison of two mechanical
methods for control
of competing vegetation in two Jeffrey pine plantations.
Weaver, S.E.
Redding. Calif. : The Conference; 1992.
Proceedings ... annual Forest Vegetation Management
Conference. p. 104-108; 1992. Meeting held on January 14-16,
1992, Eureka, California.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Cabt; Pinus jeffreyi; Forest
plantations; Undergrowth; Understory; Manual weed control;
Weeding; Ripping; Cutting; Plant
height
12 NAL Call. No.: QH540.E23
Application of weed seedbank ecology to low-input crop
management. Forcella, F.; Eradat-Oskoui, K.; Wagner, S.W.
Tempe, Ariz. : Ecological Society of America; 1993 Feb.
Ecological applications v. 3 (1): p. 74-83; 1993 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Minnesota; Weeds; Weed biology; Seed banks; Weed
control; Amaranthus retroflexus; Chenopodium album; Setaria
(gramineae); Setaria viridis; Seed dormancy; Seedling
emergence; Buried seeds; Soil temperature; Tillage; Cultural
weed control; Sustainability; Plant density
13 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 OK41C
Atrazine and burning in tallgrass prairie infested with
prairie threeawn.
Engle, D.M.; Bidwell, T.G.; Stritzke, J.F.; Rollins, D.
Stillwater, Okla. : The Service; 1992 Feb.
Circular E - Oklahoma State University, Cooperative Extension
Service (905): p. 7; 1992 Feb. In the series analytic: Range
research highlights, 1983-1991
/ edited by T.G. Bidwell, D. Titus and D. Cassels.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oklahoma; Range management; Weed control;
Atrazine; Prescribed
burning; Savannas; Field tests
14 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 OK41C
Atrazine, spring burning, and nitrogen for improvement of
tallgrass prairie.
Gillen, R.L.; Rollins, D.; Stritzke, J.F.
Stillwater, Okla. : The Service; 1992 Feb.
Circular E - Oklahoma State University, Cooperative Extension
Service (905): p. 7-8; 1992 Feb. In the series analytic:
Range research highlights, 1983-1991 / edited by T.G. Bidwell,
D. Titus and D. Cassels.
Language: English
Descriptors: Range management; Atrazine; Prescribed burning;
Nitrogen; Weed
control; Brush control; Prairies; Field tests
15 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82
Avian community response to fire and mechanical shrub control
in south
Florida.
Fitzgerald, S.M.; Tanner, G.W.
Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1992 Jul.
Journal of range management v. 45 (4): p. 396-400; 1992 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Prairies; Brush control; Vegetation
management; Prescribed burning; Cultural weed control; Winter;
Summer; Birds; Communities; Community ecology; Seasonal
abundance
Abstract: Effects of prescribed fire and roller chopping
applied in 2 seasons on woody vegetation and the associated
avian community of a southwestern Florida former dry prairie
were studied. There were 5 vegetation treatments with 2
replications of each; treatments were control, winter burn,
winter chop, summer burn, and summer chop. Percent shrub cover
was sampled with line intercept transects. Birds were censused
25 times using the variable circular plot method. Burning in
either season reduced shrub cover temporarily; chopping in
either season reduced shrub cover significantly and it
remained reduced throughout the 15 months of this study. Bird
species richness and abundance were similar in control and
burn plots. Birds were not seen in summer chop plots up to 5
months posttreatment. Bird species richness and abundance
remained low in both winter and summer chop plots. Bird
species that were observed in chop plots were mostly open
country, grassland inhabitants, indicating a trend toward
prairie restoration.
16 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Banded herbicide applications and cultivation in a modified
no-till corn (Zea mays) system.
Eadie, A.G.; Swanton, C.J.; Shaw, J.E.; Anderson, G.W.
Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1992 Jul.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of
America v. 6 (3): p. 535-542; 1992 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ontario; Zea mays; Cultivars; No-tillage;
Atrazine; Metolachlor; Herbicide mixtures; Application rates;
Band placement; Broadcasting; Interrow cultivation; Integrated
pest management; Weed control; Weeds; Biomass production; Crop
yield
17 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.O74
Beating the weeds in upstate New York.
Jesiolowski, J.
Emmaus, Pa. : Rodale Press, Inc; 1992 Jul.
Organic gardening v. 39 (6): p. 54-56; 1992 Jul.
Language: English
Descriptors: New York; Weeds; Cultural weed control; Organic
farming; Cultivation
18 NAL Call. No.: A00109
The better way...controlling weeds with intercropping.
Washington, DC : National Biotechnology Policy Center of the
National Wildlife
Federation; 1991 Dec.
The gene exchange v. 2 (4): p. 8; 1991 Dec.
Language: English
Descriptors: Trifolium repens; Zea mays; Intercropping; Crop
yield
19 NAL Call. No.: SB950.A1P3
Biological control of Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae)
by Cassia uniflora Mill (Leguminosae), in Bangalore, India.
Joshi, S.
London : Taylor & Francis; 1991 Apr.
Tropical pest management v. 37 (2): p. 182-184; 1991 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Karnataka; Parthenium hysterophorus; Weed
control; Biological control; Cassia; Biological control
agents; Competitive ability; Allelopathy; Seeds; Leachates;
Germination inhibitors; Seed germination
20 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 W27PN
Blackgrass Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.
Aldrich-Markham, S.
Corvallis, Or. : The Service; 1992 Jan.
PNW - Pacific Northwest Extension Publication, Washington,
Oregon, and Idaho State Universities, Cooperative Extension
Service (377): 4 p.; 1992 Jan. In
Subseries: Weeds. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Washington; Oregon; Alopecurus myosuroides; Weed
control; No-tillage; Cultural control; Plowing; Herbicides
21 NAL Call. No.: SB950.A1I66
Brassica alternatives to herbicides and soil fumigants.
Grossman, J.
Berkeley, CA : Bio-Integral Resource Center,; 1993 Jul.
The IPM practitioner : the newsletter of integrated pest
management v. 15 (7): p. 1-10; 1993 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Crops; Weed control; Brassica; Biological
control; Live mulches; Allelopathy; Cover crops; Plant disease
control; Pest control; Cultural control; Nematode control;
Green manures; Soil solarization; Plant parasitic nematodes;
Alternative farming
22 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) control with disking and
herbicides.
Zimdahl, R.L.; Foster, G.
Champaign, Ill. : The Weed Science Society of America; 1993
Jan. Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society
of America v. 7 (1): p. 146-149; 1993 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cirsium arvense; Weed control; Chemical control;
Cultural weed
control; Discing; Chlorsulfuron; Clopyralid; Dicamba;
Glyphosate; Picloram; 2,4-d; Application date; Timing;
Integrated control
23 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.B5
Changing perceptions of allelopathy and biological control.
Lovett, J.V.
Oxon : A B Academic Publishers; 1991.
Biological agriculture and horticulture : an international
journal v. 8 (2): p. 89-100; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alternative farming; Sustainability; Farming
systems; Biological
control; Allelopathy; Allelochemicals; Responses; Plant
protection; Weed
control; Biological control agents; Mycoherbicides; Cost
benefit analysis; Control methods; Crop production; Reviews
24 NAL Call. No.: A99.9 F764U
Chemical and mechanical control of false hellebore (Veratrum
californicum) in
an alpine community.
Anderson, V.J.; Thompson, R.M.
Ogden, Utah : U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,
Intermountain
Research Station; 1993 Dec.
Research paper INT / (469): 6 p.; 1993 Dec. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Utah; Cabt; Veratrum californicum; Weed control;
Mechanical
methods; Herbicides; Rotary cultivators
25 NAL Call. No.: S79.E3
Chemical, mechanical, and economic relationships of weed
control methods in
Mississippi cotton.
Snipes, C.E.; Spurlock, S.R.
Mississippi State, Miss. : The Station; 1992 Aug.
Bulletin - Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment
Station (984): 9
p.; 1992 Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Gossypium hirsutum; Weed control;
Chemical control; Fluometuron; Application methods; Crop weed
competition; Cultural methods; Crop yield; Cottonseed
26 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W41
Common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) control in soybean
(Glycine max) with
reduced bentazon rates and cultivation.
Buhler, D.D.; Gunsolus, J.L.; Ralston, D.F.
Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1993 Jul.
Weed science v. 41 (3): p. 447-453; 1993 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Minnesota; Cabt; Glycine max; Weed control;
Chemical control; Xanthium strumarium; Bentazone; Application
rates; Broadcasting; Band
placement; Cultural weed control; Integrated control; Interrow
cultivation; Crop yield; Precipitation; Environmental factors
Abstract: Common cocklebur is a very competitive and
difficult to control weed species in soybean production. Field
research was conducted at Rosemount, MN, from 1989 to 1991 to
evaluate reduced rates of bentazon applied broadcast or banded
over the crop row in combination with interrow cultivation for
common cocklebur control in soybean. Bentazon at 0.6 kg ai
ha-1 applied in a 38-cm-wide band over the soybean row
followed by two cultivations controlled almost 90% of the
common cocklebur when environmental conditions were favorable,
and the majority of the common cocklebur emerged prior to
bentazon application. However, when precipitation was below
normal prior to bentazon application and a high proportion of
the common cocklebur emerged after the initial bentazon
application, sequential bentazon treatments controlled more
common cocklebur and resulted in greater soybean yields than
combinations of bentazon plus cultivation. Differences in
soybean yield were attributed to differences in common
cocklebur control rather than injury from cultivation or
bentazon.
27 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 W27Pn
Common velvetgrass & German velvetgrass--Holcus lanatus L. and
H. mollis.
Fitzsimmons, J.P.; Burrill, L.C.
Corvallis, Or. : Washington, Oregon, and Idaho State
Universities, Cooperative
Extension Service; 1993 Mar.
PNW (441): 2 p.; 1993 Mar. In subseries: Weeds.
Language: English
Descriptors: Idaho; Cabt; Holcus lanatus; Holcus mollis;
Weeds; Chemical vs.
cultural weed control
28 NAL Call. No.: SB950.A1P3
A comparison of methods for the control of Cyperus rotundus L.
Hawton, D.; Howitt, C.J.; Johnson, I.D.G.
London : Taylor & Francis; 1992 Jul.
Tropical pest management v. 38 (3): p. 305-309; 1992 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Queensland; Cyperus rotundus; Glyphosate;
Application rates; Chemical control; Cultural control;
Herbicides; Weed control
29 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16
A comparison of the freezing tolerance of downy brome,
Japaneses brome and
Norstar winter wheat.
O'Connor, B.J.; Paquette, S.P.; Gusta, L.V.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1991 Apr.
Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de
phytotechnie v. 71 (2): p. 565-569; 1991 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Triticum aestivum; Bromus tectorum;
Bromus
japonicus; Freezing; Cold tolerance; Cultivars; Crop weed
competition
30 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.B5
Comparison of weed biomass and flora in four cover crops and a
subsequent
lettuce crop on three New England organic farms.
Schonbeck, M.; Browne, J.; Deziel, G.; DeGregorio, R.
Oxon : A B Academic Publishers; 1991.
Biological agriculture and horticulture : an international
journal v. 8 (2): p. 123-143; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Fagopyrum esculentum; Fagopyrum tataricum; Secale
cereale; Avena
sativa; Sorghum bicolor; Trifolium pratense; Lolium
multiflorum; Echinochloa
crus-galli; Cover crops; Lactuca sativa; Cultural weed
control; Weeds; Biomass; Botanical composition; Dry matter
accumulation; Coverage; Crop
residues; Crop weed competition; Environmental factors;
Climatic factors; Soil
fertility; Crop yield; Establishment; Regrowth; Suppression;
Tillage
31 NAL Call. No.: SB317.5.H68
Comparisons of shredded newspaper and wheat straw as crop
mulches. Munn, D.A.
Alexandria, VA : American Society for Horticultural Science,
c1991-; 1992 Jul.
HortTechnology v. 2 (3): p. 361-366; 1992 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Glycine max; Lycopersicon esculentum; Zea mays;
Mulches; Newspapers; Waste utilization; Wheat straw; Mulching;
Cultural weed control; Soil water content; Soil temperature;
Crop yield
32 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Competitiveness of lathyrus grown in monoculture and
intercropping systems
with cereals.
Wall, D.A.; Campbell, C.G.
Madison, WI : American Society of Agronomy, c1987-; 1993 Jul.
Journal of production agriculture v. 6 (3): p. 399-403; 1993
Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lathyrus sativus; Cereals; Volunteer plants;
Intercropping; Crop
weed competition; Interspecific competition; Crop yield
33 NAL Call. No.: QH301.A76
Control and management of Reynoutria species (Knotweed).
Child, L.E.; De Wall, L.C.; Wade, P.M.; Palmer, J.P.
Wellesbourne, Warwick : The Association of Applied Biologists;
1992.
Aspects of applied biology (29): p. 295-307; 1992. In the
series analytic: Vegetation management in forestry, amenity
and conservation areas. Paper
presented at the conference of the Association, April 7-9,
1992, University of
York, England. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Reynoutria; Reynoutria japonica; Weed control;
Chemical control; Manual weed control; Mechanical methods;
Biological control; Literature
reviews
34 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Control of downy brome (Bromus tectorum) and volunteer wheat
(Triticum
aestivum) in fallow with tillage and pronamide.
Ogg, A.G. Jr
Champaign, Ill. : The Weed Science Society of America; 1993
Jul. Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society
of America v. 7 (3): p. 686-692; 1993 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Washington; Cabt; Winter; Fallow; Integrated
control; Weed
control; Bromus tectorum; Triticum aestivum; Crop plants as
weeds; Volunteer
plants; Autumn; No-tillage; Chemical control; Application
rates; Propyzamide; Cultural weed control
35 NAL Call. No.: 100 C12Cag
Controlling dodder in alfalfa hay calls for an integrated
procedure.
Orloff, S.B.; Cudney, D.W.
Oakland, Calif. : Division of Agriculture and Natural
Resources, University of
California; 1993 Nov.
California agriculture v. 47 (6): p. 32-35; 1993 Nov.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Cabt; Cuscuta; Medicago sativa; Weed
control; Mowing; Burning; Costs; Comparisons
36 NAL Call. No.: SB321.G85
Coping with weeds organically.
Grubinger, V.
Storrs, Conn. : Coop. Ext. Serv., USDA, College of Agriculture
& Natural
Resources, Univ. of Conn; 1993 Jul.
The Grower : vegetable and small fruit newsletter v. 93 (7):
p. 1-4; 1993 Jul.
Language: English
Descriptors: Weed control; Cultural weed control; Rotations;
Mulching; Weeders; Identification; Tillage
37 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Cost effective vegetation management on a recently cleared
electric transmission line right-of-way.
Nowak, C.A.; Abrahamson, L.P.; Neuhauser, E.F.; Foreback,
C.G.; Freed, H.D.; Shaheen, S.B.; Stevens, C.H.
Champaign, Ill. : The Weed Science Society of America; 1992
Oct. Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society
of America v. 6 (4): p. 828-837; 1992 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New York; Cabt; Vegetation management; Power
lines; Weed control; Cultural control; Chemical control;
Application methods; 2,4-d; Picloram; Triclopyr; Cost
effectiveness analysis
38 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Cost-efficient weed control in soybean (Glycine max) with
cultivation and
banded herbicide applications.
Poston, D.H.; Murdock, E.C.; Toler, J.E.
Champaign, Ill. : The Weed Science Society of America; 1992
Oct. Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society
of America v. 6 (4): p. 990-995; 1992 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Carolina; Cabt; Glycine max; Cultivation;
Band placement; Width; Crop yield; Alachlor; Imazaquin; Weed
control; Chemical control; Cultural control; Returns
39 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) yield response to cultivation
timing and
frequency.
Snipes, C.E.; Colvin, D.L.; Patterson, M.G.; Crawford, S.H.
Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1992 Jan.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of
America v. 6 (1): p. 31-35; 1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Alabama; Florida; Louisiana;
Gossypium hirsutum; Cultural weed control; Tillage; Timing;
Crop yield; Seeds
40 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W41
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) yield response to mechanical and
chemical weed
control systems.
Snipes, C.E.; Mueller, T.C.
Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1992 Apr.
Weed science v. 40 (2): p. 249-254; 1992 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Weed control; Chemical
control; Cultural weed
control; Weeding; Fluometuron; Msma; Crop weed competition;
Ipomoea; Sida
spinosa; Sesbania exaltata; Plant density; Weeds; Crop yield;
Yield losses
Abstract: Cotton yield response was evaluated in 1987, 1988,
and 1989 when weeds were managed with preemergence fluometuron
[none (0%), band (50%), or broadcast (100%) surface coverage],
cultivation (none, one, two, or three times), and postdirected
fluometuron + MSMA. Weed densities (primarily prickly sida,
morningglories, and hemp sesbania) varied widely among years
and were directly related to early season rainfall.
Postdirected herbicide application or cultivation(s) had
little effect on weed density. The use of a banded fluometuron
application reduced weed biomass 28 to 47%. A further decrease
was observed when preemergence fluometuron was increased from
banded to broadcast coverage. Seed cotton yields were low with
no preemergence fluometuron. Banded fluometuron and at least
one cultivation had yields similar to broadcast fluometuron
only. Cotton yields were related to weed density and weed
biomass in a hyperbolic relationship. Low weed densities
caused more yield loss per unit weed density than higher
densities.
41 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Cover crop management and weed control in corn (Zea mays).
Johnson, G.A.; DeFelice, M.S.; Helsel, Z.R.
Champaign, Ill. : The Weed Science Society of America; 1993
Apr. Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society
of America v. 7 (2): p. 425-430; 1993 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Missouri; Cabt; Zea mays; Cover crops; Secale
cereale; Vicia
villosa; Weed control; Setaria faberi; Xanthium strumarium;
No-tillage; Tillage; Stubble; Crop yield; Grain; Cultural weed
control; Chemical control; Atrazine; Glyphosate
42 NAL Call. No.: SB610.2.B74
Cover plants in field grown vegetables: prospects and
limitations. Muller-Scharer, H.; Potter, C.A.
Surrey : BCPC Registered Office; 1991.
Brighton Crop Protection Conference-Weeds v. 2: p. 599-604;
1991. Conference
held November 18-21, 1991, Brighton, England. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Allium porrum; Weed control; Cultural control
43 NAL Call. No.: 10 Ex72
Crop and soil responses to post-emergence tillage and weed
control in lowland
rice.
Siopongco, J.D.L.C.; Ingram, K.T.; Pablico, P.P.; Moody, K.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1994 Jan.
Experimental agriculture v. 30 (1): p. 95-103; 1994 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: India; Cabt; Oryza sativa; Lowland areas; Crop
management; Crop
establishment; Emergence; Flooded rice; Plowing; Soil physical
properties; Rooting; Weeds; Weed control; Cultural control;
Chemical control; Herbicides; Crop yield
44 NAL Call. No.: 64.8 C883
Crop ecology, production & management.
Mumera, L.M.; Below, F.E.
Madison, Wis. : Crop Science Society of America, 1961-; 1993
Jul. Crop science v. 33 (4): p. 758-763; 1993 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kenya; Cabt; Zea mays; Parasitic weeds; Striga
hermonthica; Pest
resistance; Nitrogen fertilizers; Application rates; Nutrient
availability; Nutrient uptake; Soil fertility; Source sink
relations; Assimilation; Dry
matter accumulation; Carbohydrates; Plant composition; Crop
yield; Grain; Harvest index; Cultural weed control
Abstract: Striga [Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth.] is a
parasitic angiosperm that infects tropical cereals causing
severe yield losses. This study was conducted to determine if
Striga damage in maize (Zea mays L.) can be mediated by the
amount, form, and timing of N availability; and if the
efficacy of N is contingent upon its regulation of assimilate
partitioning. Two experiments were conducted in Kibos, western
Kenya, in 1989 and 1990 on fields that had uniform Striga
infestation. One experiment evaluated N rates of 0, 30, 60,
and 90 kg N ha(-1) supplied as either urea, calcium ammonium
nitrate, ammonium sulfate, or ammonium sulfate plus the
nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide, while a second
experiment evaluated similar N rates applied at 14, 21, 28,
and 35 d after planting. Although Striga infection generally
declined with increasing N availability, the impact was
partially dependent on the severity of infestation as all N
rates decreased infection in 1990, while only 90 kg N ha(-1)
reduced infection in 1989. Under high parasite densities in
1989, only urea reduced Striga (26%), while in 1990, infection
was significantly decreased (an average of 30%) by all sources
of N. In both years, N application at 28 d after planting
resulted in the least Striga infection. Although assimilate
partitioning during vegetative growth was unresponsive to N
treatments, N availability during reproductive growth altered
dry matter partitioning in favor of the ear over the
vegetation. Averaged across N rates, this alteration resulted
in increases in grain yield (64%) and harvest index (27%), and
a decrease in source-sink partitioning (41%) and in the
concentration of nonstructural carbohydrates in the stalk
(16%). Based on these data, N fertility can mediate the impact
of Striga infestation on maize by altering assimilate
partitioning in favor of the ear.
45 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Crop residue reduces jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica)
seedling growth.
Anderson, R.L.
Champaign, Ill. : The Weed Science Society of America; 1993
Jul. Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society
of America v. 7 (3): p. 717-722; 1993 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Colorado; Cabt; Triticum aestivum; Cultural weed
control; Aegilops cylindrica; Allelopathy; Crop residues; Zea
mays; Carthamus
tinctorius; Panicum miliaceum; Sorghum bicolor; Nitrogen
fertilizers; Immobilization; Nitrogen; Integrated control;
Chemical control; Seedling
stage; Triazinone herbicides
46 NAL Call. No.: QH540.E23
Crop rotation and intercropping strategies for weed
management. Liebman, M.; Dyck, E.
Tempe, Ariz. : Ecological Society of America; 1993 Feb.
Ecological applications v. 3 (1): p. 92-122; 1993 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Weeds; Cultural weed control; Weed biology;
Rotations; Intercropping; Seed banks; Plant density; Crop weed
competition; Allelopathy
47 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Cropping history, tillage, and herbage effects on weed flora
composition in
irrigated corn.
Ball, D.A.; Miller, S.D.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy, [1949-; 1993
Jul. Agronomy journal v. 85 (4): p. 817-821; 1993 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Wyoming; Cabt; Zea mays; Phaseolus vulgaris; Beta
vulgaris; Cropping systems; Rotations; Continuous cropping;
Sequences; Conservation; Conservation tillage; Plowing; Row
tillage; Weeds; Population density; Flora; Setaria viridis;
Amaranthus retroflexus; Solanum sarrachoides; Botanical
composition; Weed control; Chemical control; Herbicides;
Application rates; Irrigated conditions
Abstract: A change from conventional tillage to a
conservation tillage system can lead to shifts in weed species
composition. A weed species shift can result in the emergence
of weeds tolerant of existing weed management practices. An
understanding of crop production effects on weed species
shifts can lead to development of improved weed management
strategies. Research evaluated the effects of primary tillage
(moldboard and chisel plowing), row cultivation, and herbicide
input level on weed species changes over a 5-yr period in
three irrigated cropping sequences. The cropping sequences
consisted of continuous corn (Zea mays L.) for 5 yr (CN),
pinto bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) for 3 yr followed by corn
for 2 yr (PB), and sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) for 2 yr
followed by corn for 3 yr (SB). Over the course of the 5-yr
study, total weed density increased from 1 to 245 weeds PB,
from 100 to 209 in SB, and from 2 to 190 in CN cropping
sequences in chisel-plowed treatments, while weed density
increases in moldboard-plowed treatments were negligible.
General observation of each cropping sequence indicated that
during the final year, green foxtail [Setaria viridus (L.) P.
Beauv.] was most prevalent in the CN sequence, redroot pigweed
(Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and hairy nightshade (Solanum
sarruchoides Sendtner) in the PB sequence, and redroot pigweed
and green foxtail in the SB sequence. However, weed species
differences due to cropping sequences were evident only in
treatments receiving chisel plow primary tillage. Further, the
increase in redroot pigweed density due to cropping sequence
and chisel plowing was diminished by high herbicide input
levels. Row cultivation also had an influence on the weed
species composition when compared to uncultivated plots.
48 NAL Call. No.: 79.9 C122
Cultivation for weed control.
Leap, L.E.
Fremont, Calif. : California Weed Conference; 1991.
Proceedings - California Weed Conference (43rd): p. 179-182;
1991. Meeting
held January 21-23, 1991, Santa Barbara, California.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cultural weed control; Tillage
49 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Cultural factors for minimizing bermudagrass invasion into
tall fescue turf.
Brede, A.D.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Nov.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 84 (6): p.
919-922; 1992 Nov.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oklahoma; Festuca arundinacea; Lawns and turf;
Cultural weed
control; Cynodon dactylon; Cutting height; Sowing rates;
Nitrogen fertilizers; Application rates
Abstract: Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is
becoming increasingly
popular for turf in areas where bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon
L. (Pers.)] has traditionally been grown. Volunteer
bermudagrass can be a serious weed problem in tall fescue
lawns, and presently there are no reliable herbicides to
eradicate bermudagrass without injury to the fescue. The
purpose of this study was to examine multiple cultural factors
to see if a combination of treatments might be used to prevent
bermudagrass invasion into fescue turf. Cutting height (19 and
57 mm), fescue cultivar ('Kentucky-31' and 'Mustang'), fescue
seeding rate [2100, 12 900, and 34 400 pure-live seeds (PLS)
m-2], fertilization rate (49 and 244 kg N ha-1 yr-1), and
source of bermudagrass introduction [seed, rhizomes, or
stolons (clippings)] were examined in this 2-yr field study
performed on Kirkland silt loam soil (fine, mixed, thermic,
Udertic Paleustolls) in central Oklahoma. No bermudagrass
invaded plots that were seeded to the two higher fescue
seeding rates and mowed at the higher cutting height. The
greatest number of bermudagrass originations (6 crowns m-2)
and amount of stolon coverage (42%) occurred in plots of
Mustang seeded to the lowest seeding rate, mowed at the lower
cutting height, and fertilized at the heavier rate, with seed
as the source of bermudagrass introduction. In conclusion, if
tall fescue is managed like bermudagrass turf (closer mowing,
higher fertilization), then the stand may eventually give way
to invading bermudagrass.
50 NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3
Cultural or mechanical weed control--January 1979-April 1991.
MacLean, J.T.
Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1991 Jul.
Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculture,
National
Agricultural Library (U.S.). (91-119): 21 p.; 1991 Jul.
Updates QB 90-40.
Bibliography.
Language: English
Descriptors: Weed control; Cultural methods; Mechanical
methods; Bibliographies
51 NAL Call. No.: SD13.C35
Cutting, burning, and mulching to control Kalmia: results of a
greenhouse
experiment.
Mallik, A.U.
Ottawa, Ont. : National Research Council of Canada; 1991 Mar.
Canadian journal of forest research; Revue canadienne de
recherche forestiere
v. 21 (3): p. 417-420; 1991 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kalmia angustifolia; Weed control; Cutting;
Burning; Mulching; Mechanical methods; Regrowth
Abstract: A greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the
effect of cutting, cutting plus burning, and mulching
treatments on Kalmia regrowth. Kalmia plants were transplanted
into plastic buckets, and the treatments were applied in the
greenhouse. After 8 months, the plants receiving cutting and
cutting plus burning treatments showed no significant
difference in the number and length of new sprouts compared
with the control. However, the sprouts that developed after
the cutting and cutting plus burning treatments were robust,
with significantly higher dry weights compared with the
control. Although there was no significant difference in the
number of rhizomes between these treatments, rhizome lengths
and dry weights were significantly smaller than those of the
control. Mulching treatments dramatically reduced Kalmia
regrowth in terms of both aboveground and belowground
components. A field trial is recommended for Kalmia control in
central Newfoundland using mulching equipment.
52 NAL Call. No.: SB950.A1I66
Designing weeds out of urban landscapes.
Daar, S.
Berkeley, CA : Bio-Integral Resource Center,; 1993 Aug.
The IPM practitioner : the newsletter of integrated pest
management v. 15 (8): p. 1-6; 1993 Aug.
Language: English
Descriptors: Weed control; Cultural control; Landscape
architecture; Design; Urban areas
53 NAL Call. No.: S601.A34
Determining optimal clearing treatments for the alien invasive
shrub Acacia
saligna in southwestern Cape, South Africa.
Macdonald, I.A.W.; Wissel, C.
Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1992 Apr.
Agriculture, ecosystems and environment v. 39 (3/4): p.
169-186; 1992 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Africa; Acacia saligna; Non-crop weed
control; Scrub
control; Chemical vs. cultural weed control; Manual weed
control; Arboricides; Glyphosate; Triclopyr; Population
density; Stand density; Integrated control; Cutting; Coppice;
Coppicing; Fire; Survival; Labor costs; Operating costs;
Probabilistic models
54 NAL Call. No.: 79.9 C122
Development of a robotic system for non-chemical weed control.
Slaughter, D.C.; Curley, R.; Chen, P.; Brooks, C.
Fremont, Calif. : California Weed Conference; 1992.
Proceedings - California Weed Conference (44th): p. 103-107;
1992. Paper
presented at the meeting on "Many Benefits of Weed Control,"
January 20-22, 1992, Sacramento, California. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Lycopersicon esculentum; Cultural
weed control; Robots; Cultivars; Computers
55 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Difference in hydroxamic acid content in roots and root
exudates of wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.): possible
role in
allelopathy.
Perez, F.J.; Ormeno-Nunez, J.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1991 Jun.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 17 (6): p. 1037-1043; 1991 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Triticum aestivum; Secale cereale; Root exudates;
Allelopathy; Chemical composition; Bioassays; Weed control;
Biological control
Abstract: Hydroxamic acids (Hx) produced by some cereal crops
have been associated with allelopathy. However, the release of
Hx to the soil by the producing plant--an essential condition
for a compound to be involved in allelopathy--has not been
shown. GC and HPLC analysis of roots and root exudates of
wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.)
cultivars, with high Hx levels in their leaves, demonstrated
the presence of these compounds in the roots of all cultivars
analyzed and in root exudates of rye. Moreover, bioassays
employing root exudates collected from wheat and rye seedlings
demonstrated that only rye exudates inhibited root growth of
wild oats, Avena fatua L., a weed whose root growth is
inhibited by Hx. These results suggest that rye could
potentially interfere with the growth of Avena fatua in nature
and that this interference could be due to the release of Hx
to the soil by way of roots.
56 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W41
Differential inhibition of seed germination by sweetpotato
(Ipomoea batatas)
root periderm extracts.
Peterson, J.K.; Harrison, H.F. Jr
Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1991 Jan.
Weed science v. 39 (1): p. 119-123; 1991 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ipomoea batatas; Competitive ability; Abutilon
theophrasti; Amaranthus retroflexus; Cassia occidentalis;
Eclipta alba; Eleusine indica; Pharbitis purpurea; Panicum
miliaceum; Solanum nigrum; Seed germination; Germination
inhibitors; Allelopathins; Periderm; Sweet potato extract;
Bioassays; Allelopathy; Crop weed competition
Abstract: The effect of sequential hexane, ethyl acetate, and
aqueous methanol extracts of 'Regal' sweetpotato periderm on
seed germination of sweetpotato, proso millet, and seven weed
species was studied. The hexane extract, which contained the
nonpolar components of the periderm tissue, was least
inhibitory. It inhibited velvetleaf, proso millet, black
nightshade, and redroot pigweed germination, and maximum
inhibition was 56% for black nightshade at 200 mg of periderm
extracted ml-1. The ethyl acetate fraction was inhibitory to
proso millet, velvetleaf, black nightshade, goosegrass, tall
morningglory, coffee senna, and redroot pigweed. The estimated
I50(3) for ethyl acetate ranged from 17 mg periderm extracted
ml-1 for black nightshade to 201 mg ml-1 for coffee senna.
Sweetpotato, tall morningglory, and eclipta germination was
not inhibited by this extract at the concentrations tested.
The aqueous methanol extract was much more inhibitory than the
hexane or ethyl acetate extracts, and there was considerable
variation between species in response to this extract The I50
estimates for the aqueous methanol extract were 0.5, 0.6, 2.8,
4.4, 5.1, 9.6, 15.7, 21.0, and 25.8 mg ml-1 for velvetleaf,
proso millet, black nightshade, goosegrass, sweetpotato, tall
morningglory, eclipta, coffee senna, and pigweed,
respectively.
57 NAL Call. No.: 475 M58
Distribution and control of Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae).
Muniappan, R.; Marutani, M.
Mangilao : The University; 1991 Jun.
Micronesica : journal of the University of Guam (suppl.3): p.
103-107; 1991
Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Micronesia; Eupatorium odoratum; Geographical
distribution; Weed
control; Cultural weed control; Chemical control; Biological
control
58 NAL Call. No.: 81 SO12
Economic and horticultural evaluation of chemical and
mechanical weed control
strategies for cowpea.
Kahn, B.A.; Schatzer, R.J.
Alexandria, Va. : The Society; 1992 Mar.
Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science v.
117 (2): p.
255-259; 1992 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oklahoma; Vigna unguiculata; Weed control;
Paraquat; Trifluralin; Metolachlor; Mechanical methods;
Cultivation; Crop yield; Economic evaluation
Abstract: The herbicides paraquat, trifluralin, and
metolachlor were compared for efficacy of weed control in
cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] with and without
cultivation as a supplemental strategy. Herbicides also were
compared against a no cultivation-no herbicide treatment
(control) and against cultivation without an herbicide.
Cultivation had no significant effect on seed yield,
biological yield, or harvest index of cowpea. Paraquat,
applied before seeding but after emergence of weeds, was
ineffective for weed control and usually did not change cowpea
yield from that obtained without an herbicide. Trifluralin and
metolachlor more than tripled cowpea seed yield compared with
that obtained without an herbicide in 1988, when potential
weed pressure was 886 g.m-2 (dry weight). The main effects of
trifluralin and metolachlor were not significant for cowpea
seed yield in 1989, when potential weed pressure was 319 g.m-2
(dry weight). However, in 1989, these two herbicides still
increased cowpea seed yield compared with that of the control
and increased net farm income by more than $300/ha compared
with the income obtained from the control.
59 NAL Call. No.: SB950.A1P3
Economics of chemical and manual weed control in hybrid maize
in the Kenya
highlands.
Hanson, P.M.; Smith, L.M.
London : Taylor & Francis; 1992 Apr.
Tropical pest management v. 38 (2): p. 210-213; 1992 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kenya; Zea mays; Hybrids; Weeds; Chemical
control; Manual weed
control; Crop yield; Economic analysis
60 NAL Call. No.: 79.9 W52R
Economics of manual and chemical weed control in bell peppers.
Lanini, W.; Thomas, W.; Le Strange, M.
S.l. : The Society; 1992.
Research progress report - Western Society of Weed Science. p.
II/9-II/11; 1992. Meeting held on March 9-12, 1992, Salt Lake
City, Utah.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Capsicum frutescens; Chemical vs.
cultural weed
control; Manual weed control; Napropamide; Crop yield; Costs;
Profits
61 NAL Call. No.: SB950.A1P3
Effect of cultural practices on weed management in rainfed
upland rice.
Singh, R.S.; Ghosh, D.C.
London : Taylor & Francis; 1992 Apr.
Tropical pest management v. 38 (2): p. 119-121; 1992 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Bihar; Oryza sativa; Upland rice; Weed control;
Weeds; Cultural
control
62 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16
Effect of diclofop and HOE-6001 on amylolytic enzyme
activities of malt.
McMullan, P.M.; Noll, J.; Therrien, M.C.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1992 Apr.
Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de
phytotechnie v. 72 (2): p. 435-438; 1992 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Manitoba; Hordeum vulgare; Genotypes; Alpha-
amylase; Alpha-glucosidase; Diclofop; Fenoxaprop; Herbicide
resistance; Avena fatua; Setaria viridis; Weed control
63 NAL Call. No.: SB950.A1P3
Effect of land preparation and weeding on maize (Zea mays)
grain yields in the
coastal region in Kenya.
Gacheru, E.N.; Kamau, G.M.; Saha, H.M.; Odhiambo, G.D.;
O'Neil, M.K.
London : Taylor & Francis Ltd., 1993-; 1993 Jan.
International journal of pest management v. 39 (1): p. 57-60;
1993 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kenya; Cabt; Zea mays; Weed control; Weeding;
Chemical control; Site preparation; Slashing; Hoeing; Plowing;
Paraquat; Pendimethalin; Atrazine; Metolachlor; Crop yield;
Grain
64 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Effect of preplant tillage, post-plant cultivation, and
herbicides on weed
density in corn (Zea mays).
Wilson, R.G.
Champaign, Ill. : The Weed Science Society of America; 1993
Jul. Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society
of America v. 7 (3): p. 728-734; 1993 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nebraska; Cabt; Zea mays; Weed control; Chemical
control; Timing; Tillage; Cultural weed control; Cyanazine;
Dicamba; Pendimethalin; Sulfonylurea herbicides; Integrated
control; Amaranthus
retroflexus; Chenopodium album; Helianthus annuus; Cenchrus
longispinus; Kochia scoparia; Panicum miliaceum; Plant
density; Weeds; Crop yield; Grain
65 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.A43
Effect of row width on herbicide and cultivation requirements
in row crops.
Forcella, F.; Westgate, M.E.; Warnes, D.D.
Greenbelt, Md. : Institute for Alternative Agriculture; 1992.
American journal of alternative agriculture v. 7 (4): p.
161-167; 1992.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Minnesota; Zea mays; Weed control; Row spacing;
Glycine max; Helianthus annuus; Sustainability; Herbicides
Abstract: Crops grown in narrow rows (NR, 0.25 to 0.38 m)
shade weed seedlings more than do those grown in traditional
wide rows (WR, 0.76 m). NR crops may require less herbicide
and interrow cultivation than WR crops for equally effective
weed control. This hypothesis was tested by comparing weed
control and crop yield in NR and WR crops when the following
percentages of recommended application rates (RAR) of standard
herbicides were applied: soybean, 0, 50 and 100%, sunflower,
0, 25, 50, and 100%; and corn 0, 33, and 100% in three
separate sets of experiments conducted over 2, 3, and 4 years,
respectively. In all treatments with 100% RAR, excellent weed
control prevented reductions in crop yield. When only 25 to
50% RAR was applied, weed control was consistently high in NR
(82 to 99% control), but variable in WR (42 to 99% control).
Weed control and crop yields typically were lowest in NR
without herbicides. Interrow cultivation controlled 0 to 81%
of weeds in WR crops. In reduced herbicide treatments (25 to
50% RAR), yields of NR soybean and sunflower typically were
about equal to those in WR with 100% RAR, but NR corn yields
were about 10% less. Considering the reduced herbicide use and
lower weed control costs, planting corn, soybean, and
sunflower in narrow rows may represent a practical form of
low-input production of these important crops.
66 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Effect of rye (Secale cereale) mulch on weed control and soil
moisture in
soybean (Glycine max).
Liebl, R.; Simmons, F.W.; Wax, L.M.; Stoller, E.W.
Champaign, Ill. : The Weed Science Society of America; 1992
Oct. Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society
of America v. 6 (4): p. 838-846; 1992 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Illinois; Cabt; Glycine max; Conservation
tillage; No-tillage; Mulching; Secale cereale; Cover crops;
Zea mays; Crop residues; Weed control; Chenopodium album;
Setaria faberi; Amaranthus hybridus; Abutilon theophrasti;
Soil water content; Crop yield; Herbicides; Application date;
Planting date
67 NAL Call. No.: SB610.2.B74
The effect of straw disposal method on weed populations and
the efficacy of
herbicides on Alopecurus myosuroides, Bromus sterilis and
Bromus commutatus in
winter wheat crops.
Rule, J.S.
Surrey : BCPC Registered Office; 1991.
Brighton Crop Protection Conference-Weeds v. 2: p. 799-806;
1991. Conference
held November 18-21, 1991, Brighton, England. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Triticum aestivum; Alopecurus myosuroides; Bromus
sterilis; Bromus commutatus; Weed control; Herbicides; Straw
burning
68 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Effect of temperature and sucrose concentration on
hydroquinone toxicity in
leafy spurge suspension culture cells.
Hogan, M.E.; Manners, G.D.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Publishing Corporation; 1992 Sep.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 18 (9): p. 1541-1549; 1992 Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Euphorbia esula; Callus; Cell suspensions;
Hydroquinone; Phytotoxicity; Sucrose; Temperature; Metabolic
detoxification; Allelopathy; Weed control; Antennaria
microphylla
Abstract: Euphorbia esula (leafy spurge) suspension culture
cell bioassays were used to determine whether sucrose
accumulation enhanced the glucosylation (detoxification) of
hydroquinone in this noxious weed. The bioassay results
indicate that cold temperatures and exogenous hydroquinone
represent a dual stress to spurge cell growth that can be
partially ameliorated by hydrolysis of sucrose. The persistent
susceptibility of leafy spurge suggests that hydroquinone-
producing forage plants (which are not toxic to animals) might
be used as natural competitors.
69 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Effect of the date of initial handweeding on the yield of
groundnut (Arachis
hypogaea).
Ambassa-Kiki, R.; Ngongang, J.C.
Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1992 Apr.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of
America v. 6 (2): p. 413-433; 1992 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cameroon; Arachis hypogaea; Weed control;
Chemical control; Weeding; Manual weed control; Timing;
Ametryn; Prometryn; Application date; Crop yield; Ageratum
conyzoides; Bidens pilosa; Digitaria; Eleusine indica;
Euphorbia heterophylla
70 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Effect of tillage practices and weed management on survival of
stalk borer
(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs and larvae.
Levine, E.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1993 Jun.
Journal of economic entomology v. 86 (3): p. 924-928; 1993
Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Illinois; Zea mays; Seedlings; Papaipema nebris;
Survival; Cultural control; Insect control; Tillage; Weed
control; Weeds
Abstract: Increased use of conservation tillage by midwestern
corn growers in the 1970s and 1980s has led to a greater
incidence of problems with the stalk borer, Papaipema nebris
(Guenee). In particular, serious infestations have occurred
throughout entire fields where no-till is practiced. A 3-yr
factorial experiment (1983-1986) assessed the effect of three
tillage practices (fall moldboard plow and spring disk, fall
chisel plow and spring disk, and no-till) at two levels of
weed management (weed growth present or absent in spring) on
the survival of stalk borer eggs and development of larvae
from surviving eggs. Injury to corn was used as a relative
measure of stalk borer survival. Egg masses were infested on
or immediately adjacent to grassy weeds after harvest but
before tillage operations took place. Winter wheat was sowed
in the fall to supplement natural weed growth in the plots
with no weed control. In plots with the high level of weed
control, plant growth was controlled, as needed, with paraquat
in spring before planting. In all three studies, the tillage X
weed management interaction was not significant and the
moldboard-plow treatment significantly decreased stalk borer
damage when compared with the no-till treatment. The chisel-
plow treatment was generally intermediate between the no-till
treatment and the moldboard-plow treatment in reducing stalk
borer damage. The absence of weed growth in spring tended to
decrease infestations of larvae, although the difference in
damage between the two levels of weed management was
significant in only one of the study periods. In that period,
the interval between predicted 50% stalk borer egg hatch and
the one-leaf-stage of corn development was greater than that
interval for the other two studies. Even with the burial of
eggs by soil with the moldboard-plow treatment, some larvae
successfully eclosed and survived to damage corn seedlings in
two of the three studies, with or without the presence of
weeds. Although the results clearly show that no-tillage
planting practices favor the survival of stalk borer eggs and
larvae, other studies suggest that stalk borers would be
better managed by controlling grassy weeds within fields in
the late summer and early fall to prevent oviposition rather
than relying on tillage or weed control practices to reduce
populations of eggs and larvae after oviposition has already
taken place.
71 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W41
Effect of tillage systems on the emergence depth of giant
(Setaria faberi) and
green foxtail (Setaria viridis).
Buhler, D.D.; Mester, T.C.
Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1991 Apr.
Weed science v. 39 (2): p. 200-203; 1991 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Setaria faberi; Setaria viridis; Weed biology;
Cultural weed
control; Conservation tillage; Plowing; Chiselling; Seedling
emergence; Population density; Buried seeds; Depth
Abstract: The effect of tillage systems on depth of emergence
and densities of giant and green foxtail under different
environmental and cropping conditions were evaluated from 1985
to 1987 at Arlington, Hancock, and Janesville, WI. Mean
emergence depths in no-till were the shallowest, followed by
chisel plow and conventional tillage at each location. At
least 40% of the giant and green foxtail plants emerged from
the upper 1 cm of soil in no-till compared to about 25% in
chisel plow and less than 15% in conventional tillage. As many
as 25% of the plants emerged from greater than 4 cm in
conventional tillage compared to about 10% in chisel plow and
less than 5% in no-till. Seedlings emerged from greater depths
in a loamy sand than in a silt loam soil regardless of tillage
system. At Arlington, green foxtail was the dominant species
in conventional tillage, while giant foxtail dominated in
chisel plow and no-till. Foxtail densities were greater in
chisel plow and no-till than in conventional tillage at all
three locations.
72 NAL Call. No.: 79.9 C122
Effective irrigation for weed control.
Hartin, J.S.
Fremont, Calif. : California Weed Conference; 1991.
Proceedings - California Weed Conference (43rd): p. 55-58;
1991. Meeting held
January 21-23, 1991, Santa Barbara, California.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Cultural weed control; Irrigation
scheduling; Weather
data
73 NAL Call. No.: SB1.H6
The effects of black plastic mulch and weed control strategies
on herb yield.
Ricotta, J.A.; Masiunas, J.B.
Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science;
1991 May.
HortScience v. 26 (5): p. 539-541; 1991 May. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ocimum basilicum; Rosmarinus officinalis;
Petroselinum crispum; Cultural weed control; Mulches;
Polyethylene film; Chemical control; Glyphosate; Napropamide;
Hoeing; Crop yield; Herbage; Dry matter accumulation;
Portulaca oleracea
Abstract: Black polyethylene mulch and weed control
strategies were evaluated for potential use by small acreage
herb producers. In both 1988 and 1989, the mulch greatly
increased fresh and dry weight yields of basil (Ocimum
basilicum L.) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.).
Parsley (Petroselinum crispum Nym.) yield did not respond to
the mulch. Preplant application of napropamide provided weed
control for 2 weeks, but was subsequently not effective on a
heavy infestation of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.). Hand-
hoed and glyphosate-treated plots (both with and without
plastic) produced equivalent yields.
74 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.B5
The effects of crop combination and row arrangement in the
intercropping of
lettuce, favabean and pea on weed biomass and diversity and on
crop yields.
Sharaiha, R.; Gliessman, S.
Oxon : A B Academic Publishers; 1992.
Biological agriculture and horticulture : an international
journal v. 9 (1): p. 1-13; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Lactuca sativa; Pisum sativum; Vicia
faba; Intercrops; Intercropping; Organic farming; Weed
control; Crop weed competition; Species diversity; Biomass;
Crop yield
75 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82
Effects of defoliation, shading and competition on spotted
knapweed and
bluebunch wheatgrass.
Kennett, G.A.; Lacey, J.R.; Butt, C.A.; Olson-Rutz, K.M.;
Haferkamp, M.R.
Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1992 Jul.
Journal of range management v. 45 (4): p. 363-369; 1992 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Montana; Centaurea maculosa; Weed control;
Cultural control; Defoliation; Grazing effects; Plant
competition; Gramineae; Light relations; Shade; Regrowth;
Competitive ability
Abstract: Spotted knapweed (Centaurea maculosa Lam.) is a
noxious plant that has invaded many native ranges in the
Northern Intermountain Region. Although the use of livestock
to control knapweed is intuitively appealing, feasibility of
the strategy has received little attention. This greenhouse
study was conducted to evaluate response of spotted knapweed
to defoliation, light, and competition. Although total
knapweed biomass (g/plant) was not altered by defoliation
treatments, several of the more severe treatments adversely
affected root, crown, and final harvest foliage. Root and
crown growth were also adversely affected by increasing
competition from bluebunch wheatgrass (Pseudoroegneria
spicata). Foliage, root, and crown growth of spotted knapweed
increased significantly when plants received full, rather than
half light. Spotted knapweed was less sensitive to defoliation
than was bluebunch wheatgrass. Although the feasibility of
using livestock to control spotted knapweed cannot be
completely disregarded, data suggest that the knapweed would
have to be selectively and repeatedly grazed during the
growing season.
76 NAL Call. No.: SK357.A1W5
Effects of herbicides and burning on overstory defoliation and
deer forage
production.
Thompson, M.W.; Shaw, M.G.; Umber, R.W.; Skeen, J.E.;
Thackston, R.E.
Bethesda, Md. : The Society; 1991.
Wildlife Society bulletin v. 19 (2): p. 163-170; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oklahoma; Defoliation; Forest fires; Herbicides;
Prescribed
burning; Weed control; Wildlife; Resources; Odocoileus
Virginianus; Browse; Nutrient availability
77 NAL Call. No.: 100 L939
Effects of management practices on surface water quality from
rice fields.
Feagley, S.E.; Sigua, G.C.; Bengston, R.L.; Bollich, P.K.;
Linscombe, S.D.
Baton Rouge, La. : The Station; 1993.
Louisiana agriculture - Louisiana Agricultural Experiment
Station v. 36 (1): p. 8-10; 1993.
Language: English
Descriptors: Louisiana; Oryza sativa; Water pollution; Weed
control; Cultural
control; Fertilizers; Field tests; No-tillage; Cultivation;
Water quality
78 NAL Call. No.: 10 Ex72
The effects of sole and traditional intercropping of millet
and cowpea on soil
and crop productivity.
Reddy, K.C.; Visser, P.L.; Klaij, M.C.; Renard, C.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1994 Jan.
Experimental agriculture v. 30 (1): p. 83-88; 1994 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sahel; Cabt; Niger; Cabt; Pennisetum Americanum;
Vigna unguiculata; Continuous cropping; Intercropping;
Nitrogen fertilizers; Crop
yield; Soil fertility; Nutrient uptake; Nitrogen; Phosphorus;
Striga
hermonthica; Weed control; Low input agriculture
79 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W41
Effects of tillage on vertical distribution and viability of
weed seed in
soil.
Yenish, J.P.; Doll, J.D.; Buhler, D.D.
Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1992 Jul.
Weed science v. 40 (3): p. 429-433; 1992 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Wisconsin; Chenopodium album; Annuals; Weeds;
Seeds; Seed banks; Weed biology; Seed germination; Population
dynamics; Spatial distribution; Tillage; No-tillage;
Conservation tillage; Plowing
Abstract: The effect of different levels of tillage and weed
management on population, distribution, and germination of
weed seed was evaluated in three tillage systems at Arlington
and Hancock, WI, in 1989 and 1990. Over 60% of all weed seed
in the top 19 cm of soil were found in the top 1 cm in no-
tillage at both sites. As depth increased, concentration of
weed seed declined logarithmically in no-tillage. In chisel
plowing, over 30% of seed were in the top 1 cm and seed
concentration decreased linearly with depth. Moldboard plowing
had uniform distribution of weed seed in the top 19 cm of
soil. Preemergence metolachlor plus atrazine decreased weed
seed population by 50% compared with no treatment over all
tillage systems. One year of the herbicide treatment plus
handweeding to assure weed-free conditions did not reduce seed
numbers in chisel plowing or moldboard plowing compared to
herbicide alone. Seed numbers with no-tillage and weed-free
conditions decreased by 40% relative to herbicide alone.
Common lambsquarters germination was 40% greater in moldboard
plowing and chisel plowing compared with no-tillage.
Germination was highest in seed taken from 9 to 19 cm deep in
moldboard plowing and from 0 to 9 cm deep in chisel plowing.
80 NAL Call. No.: 10 J822
Effects of various hand-weeding programmers on yield and
components of yield
of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) grown in the tropical
lowlands of Papua New
Guinea.
Levett, M.P.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1992 Feb.
The Journal of agricultural science v. 118 (pt.1): p. 63-70;
1992 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Papua new guinea; Ipomoea batatas; Weeds; Manual
weed control; Crop weed competition; Crop yield; Cultivars;
Harvesting date; Yield
components; Lowland areas; Tropics
81 NAL Call. No.: 26 T754
Effects of weed control methods on maize and intercrop yields
and net income
of small-holder farmers, Nigeria.
Zuofa, K.; Tariah, N.M.
London : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Apr.
Tropical agriculture v. 69 (2): p. 167-170; 1992 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nigeria; Zea mays; Weed control; Intercrops; Crop
yield; Farm
income; Small farms
82 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82
Enhancing control of eastern redcedar through individual plant
ignition
following prescribed burning.
Engle, D.M.; Stritzke, J.F.
Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1992 Sep.
Journal of range management v. 45 (5): p. 493-495; 1992 Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oklahoma; Juniperus Virginiana; Brush control;
Prescribed
burning; Vegetation management; Pastures; Grassland management
Abstract: Fire-scorched crowns of live eastern redcedar
(Juniperus virginiana L.) were ignited using a propane torch
in 3 studies to quantify the efficacy and to determine the
feasibility of the technique as a follow-up treatment for
killing trees that survived prescribed burns. In the first
study, we ignited 98 fire-scorched, live trees 20 to 64 days
following a prescribed burn. Igniting scorched trees in
several positions killed 90% of the crown and two-thirds of
the trees regardless of tree size. Logistic regression models
indicated reburning was more effective on trees highly damaged
after prescribed burning. In the second study, one person
equipped with a self-contained backpack propane burner used
single-point ignition to treat in average of 1 tree every 17
seconds (range 11 to 20 seconds) on 0.25-ha plots.
Effectiveness of the single-point ignition declined with
increasing tree size. In the third study, the average time
required to burn a tree was 19 seconds in eight 32-ha
pastures. Cost in this field-scale study for labor, propane,
fuel, and equipment depreciation was $0.03/ignited tree.
83 NAL Call. No.: SB1.J66
Evaluation of landscape fabrics in suppressing growth of weed
species.
Martin, C.A.; Ponder, H.G.; Gilliam, C.H.
Washington, D.C. : Horticultural Research Institute; 1991 Mar.
Journal of environmental horticulture v. 9 (1): p. 38-40; 1991
Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Landscape gardening; Amaranthus; Cynodon
dactylon; Cassia
obtusifolia; Cyperus esculentus; Jacquemontia tamnifolia;
Sorghum halepense; Mulching; Cultural weed control; Pine bark;
Polypropylenes; Plastic fabric; Penetration; Growth rate;
Inhibition; Suppression
84 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Evaluation of reduced herbicide application strategies for
weed control in
coarse-textured soils.
Bicki, T.J.; Wax, L.M.; Sipp, S.K.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Oct.
Journal of production agriculture v. 4 (4): p. 516-519; 1991
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Illinois; Zea mays; Glycine max; Coarse textured
soils; Digitaria
sanguinalis; Chenopodium album; Amaranthus hybridus; Ambrosia
artemisiifolia; Weed control; Herbicides; Cultivation; Band
placement; Broadcasting; Application rates; Costs; Seedling
emergence; Crop density; Crop damage; Crop
yield; Grain; Seasonal variation; Cost effectiveness analysis;
Feasibility
85 NAL Call. No.: SB950.A1P3
Evaluation of various weed control practices in cowpea.
Elliot, P.C.; Moody, K.
London : Taylor & Francis; 1992 Jan.
Tropical pest management v. 38 (1): p. 5-8; 1992 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Philippines; Vigna unguiculata; Weeds;
Cultivation; Hoeing; Manual weed control; Crop yield; Economic
analysis; Field experimentation; Planting season
86 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W41
Evidence that sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is allelopathic
to yellow
nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus).
Harrison, H.F. Jr; Peterson, J.K.
Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1991 Apr.
Weed science v. 39 (2): p. 308-312; 1991 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Carolina; Ipomoea batatas; Allelopathy;
Cyperus esculentus; Weed control; Biological control;
Competitive ability; Crop weed competition; Roots; Growth
rate; Inhibition; Plant extracts; Periderm; Crop yield; Tubers
Abstract: In field studies, 'Regal' sweet potato greatly
reduced yellow nutsedge growth when the two species were grown
together using standard cultural practices. At the end of the
growing season, yellow nutsedge shoot dry weight per m2, in
plots where the two species were planted together was less
than 10% of shoot weight in plots where nutsedge was grown
alone. Presence of yellow nutsedge did not markedly affect
sweet potato growth. When grown together in a greenhouse
experiment designed to minimize the competitive effects of
sweet potato on yellow nutsedge, yellow nutsedge growth was
reduced more than 50% by sweet potato 8 and 12 weeks after
planting. The most polar fraction of serially extracted sweet
potato periderm tissue was highly inhibitory to yellow
nutsedge root growth. These results indicate that sweet potato
interference with yellow nutsedge under field conditions is
partially due to allelopathy.
87 NAL Call. No.: 79.9 C122
Evolution to non-chemical weed control in grapes.
Weaver, C.A.
Fremont, Calif. : California Weed Conference; 1993.
Proceedings / (45th): p. 75-76; 1993. Paper presented at the
Conference on
"Weeds and People, Putting Weed Management in Perspective,"
January 18-20, 1993, Costa Mesa, California.
Language: English
Descriptors: Vitis vinifera; Weed control; Integrated control
88 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W41
Fall cultivation and fertilization to reduce winterhardiness
of leafy spurge
(Euphorbia esula).
Lym, R.G.; Messersmith, C.G.
Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1993 Jul.
Weed science v. 41 (3): p. 441-446; 1993 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Euphorbia esula; Weed biology; Perennial weeds;
Winter hardiness; Cold resistance; Weed control; Chemical
control; Picloram; 2,4-d; Cultural
weed control; Nitrogen fertilizers; Autumn; Tillage; Winter
kill; Plant
composition; Carbohydrates
Abstract: Reduced-tillage practices have allowed leafy spurge
to infest cropland. The reduction in leafy spurge infestation
and winterhardiness by fall tillage, N application, or
herbicide treatment was evaluated. Cultivating leafy spurge
twice each fall for 3 yr provided complete control.
Cultivation followed by N application at 225 kg ha-1 reduced
the stand by 85% after 3 yr, whereas N applied alone had
little effect. Picloram plus 2,4-D at 0.6 plus 1 kg ha-1
reduced the infestation to 65% of the untreated control after
2 yr but then the infestation declined rapidly to 1% after a
third application. Leafy spurge cold tolerance decreased as
root depth increased. The GR50 and LT50, the temperatures
required to reduce total dry weight and survival,
respectively, by 50% varied by root depth and treatment. For
example, the LT50 and GR50 for untreated leafy spurge averaged
-19 and < -20 C for crowns, respectively, compared to the -16
and -18 C for roots from 0 to 15 cm deep and -13 and -12.5 C
for roots from 15 to 30 cm deep. The GR50 and LT50 temperature
after 2 yr of treatment was reduced to 0 C by two cultivations
in fall or picloram plus 2,4-D. Carbohydrate content was not a
good indicator of winterhardiness. Cultivation reduced the
leafy spurge root system faster than herbicide treatment
especially at the 15- to 30-cm depth.
89 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Fallow method affects downy brome population in winter wheat.
Tanaka, D.L.; Anderson, R.L.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Jan.
Journal of production agriculture v. 5 (1): p. 117-119; 1992
Jan. Paper
presented at a symposium on "Ecology and Management of Grazing
Systems"
presented at the annual meeting of the American Association
for the Advancement of Science, January 14-19, 1991, San
Francisco, California.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Montana; Triticum aestivum; Winter wheat; Bromus
tectorum; Population change; Stubble mulching; Minimum
tillage; No-tillage; Fallow
90 NAL Call. No.: HD1773.A3N6
A farmer's choice of weed control method and the impacts of
policy and risk.
Olson, K.D.; Eidman V.R.
East Lansing, Mich. : Michigan State University; 1992 Jan.
Review of agricultural economics v. 14 (1): p. 125-137; 1992
Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Minnesota; Maize; Weed control; Decision making;
Herbicides; Mechanical methods; Agricultural policy; Federal
programs; Economic impact; Farm income; Taxes; Subsidies;
Market economics; Incentives; Risk; Constraints; Deficiency
payments; Innovation adoption; Motad
Abstract: The importance of risk in a farmer's decision to
use herbicides should not be forgotten. This paper presents a
theoretical model of the weed control decision and develops a
MOTAD programming model. The model uses herbicides at levels
of risk aversion found in previous empirical studies. This
result was not changed by equal (or even higher) ASCS yields
for not using herbicides, a tax on herbicides, or the
elimination of deficiency payments. The variability of returns
was more important in influencing a farmer to choose
herbicides than the higher expected returns in a nonherbicide
system.
91 NAL Call. No.: 64.8 C883
Field apparatus for testing allelopathy of annual bluegrass on
creeping
bentgrass.
Brede, A.D.
Madison, Wis. : Crop Science Society of America; 1991 Sep.
Crop science v. 31 (5): p. 1372-1374; 1991 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Agrostis stolonifera var. palustris; Crop weed
competition; Poa
annua; Competitive ability; Allelopathy; Leachates; Field
experimentation; Apparatus; Design; Golf green soils
Abstract: Golf-course superintendents have long observed the
competitive nature of annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) as a
weed on creeping bentgrass [Agrostis stolonifera L. var.
palustris (Huds.) Farw.] putting greens. Allelopathy has been
suggested as a contributing factor in this competitiveness.
This study tested the allelopathy hypothesis under putting-
green conditions using a modified field approach of the
conventional stair-step experimental procedure. Annual blue-
grass and creeping bentgrass sand putting greens, each 297 m2,
were established, and leachate from these greens was used to
irrigate replicated sand-based creeping bentgrass test greens.
Moisture sensing and irrigation of the test plots were under
continuous electronic control. The leachate sampling and
delivery system functioned flawlessly throughout the 2-yr
period, in spite of weather extremes (>40 degrees C). After
two growing seasons of monthly monitoring, no consistent
effects on turf color, foliar ground cover, shoot density, or
disease incidence were found in the test green to indicate
allelopathy.
92 NAL Call. No.: SB193.F59
Forage quality of big bluestem in response to time of burning,
fertilization
and atrazine.
Mirchell, R.B.; Masters, R.A.; Waller, S.S.; Moore, K.J.
Columbia, Mo. : American Forage and Grassland Council; 1991.
Proceedings of the Forage and Grassland Conference. p.
273-276; 1991. Meeting
held April 1-4, 1991, Columbia, Missouri. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Andropogon gerardii; Grassland management;
Atrazine; Weed
control; Nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers; Burning; Cultural
methods; Crop
quality; Forage
93 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Germination and growth of leafflower (Phyllanthus urinaria) as
affected by
cultural conditions and herbicides.
Wehtje, G.R.; Gilliam, C.H.; Reeder, J.A.
Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1992 Jan.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of
America v. 6 (1): p. 139-143; 1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Phyllanthus urinaria; Weed control; Oxadiazon;
Oryzalin; Oxyfluorfen; Paraquat; Acifluorfen; Seed
germination; Weed biology; Light
relations; Seedling emergence; Osmotic pressure; Cultural weed
control; Mulching
94 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W41
Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) control in bermudagrass (Cynodon
spp.) turf with
diclofop.
McCarty, L.B.
Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1991 Apr.
Weed science v. 39 (2): p. 255-261; 1991 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Cynodon dactylon; Hybrids; Cultivars;
Lawns and turf; Eleusine indica; Weed control; Chemical
control; Diclofop; Cutting height; Cultural weed control;
Integrated control; Herbicide mixtures; Metribuzin; Msma;
Nonionic surfactants; Application rates; Phytotoxicity;
Varietal
susceptibility; Sports grounds; Golf courses; Crop quality
Abstract: Greenhouse and field experiments were performed to
investigate diclofop rate and mowing height interactions on
goosegrass control and 'Tifgreen' and 'Tifdwarf' bermudagrass
tolerance. In greenhouse experiments, greatest goosegrass
control was achieved with diclofop when plants were maintained
at 1.3 cm. Increased diclofop rates were required to suppress
goosegrass mowed higher than 1.3 cm or unmowed. Greater than
90% goosegrass control was achieved with the combination of
1.3-cm mowing height and 0.6 kg ai ha-1 of diclofop. In field
experiments, a minimum of 2 weeks was necessary for complete
herbicidal activity. Diclofop at 1.1 kg ha-1 provided >90%
control of goosegrass mowed between 1.9 to 2.5 cm. The
addition of nonionic surfactant (0.25% by vol) to diclofop did
not influence control. The addition of metribuzin (0.1 kg ai
ha-1) to diclofop resulted in initial increased control, but
it was transient. The addition of MSMA (2.2 kg ai ha-1) to
diclofop reduced goosegrass control an average of 18% compared
to diclofop treatments alone. Tifdwarf bermudagrass was more
sensitive to diclofop compared to Tifgreen. Seven to 14 days
were required for Tifdwarf to recover from initial injury.
This injury, although significant, was acceptable for
bermudagrass used for golf greens. Clipping weights following
treatment were also less for Tifdwarf than Tifgreen.
95 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Grain rye residues and weed control strategies in reduced
tillage potatoes.
Lanfranconi, L.E.; Bellinder, R.R.; Wallace, R.W.
Champaign, Ill. : The Weed Science Society of America; 1992
Oct. Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society
of America v. 6 (4): p. 1021-1026; 1992 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New York; Cabt; Solanum tuberosum; Tillage;
Minimum tillage; Secale cereale; Linuron; Metolachlor;
Hilling; Metribuzin; Efficacy; Crop
yield; Weed control; Amaranthus retroflexus; Chenopodium
album; Galinsoga
ciliata; Chemical control; Cultural control
96 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82
Growth dynamics of crowns of eastern red-cedar at 3 locations
in Oklahoma.
Engle, D.M.; Kulbeth, J.D.
Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1992 May.
Journal of range management v. 45 (3): p. 301-305; 1992 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oklahoma; Juniperus Virginiana; Brush control;
Prescribed
burning; Timing; Growth analysis; Growth rate; Age of trees;
Plant height; Crown; Canopy; Habit; Range management;
Vegetation management
Abstract: Eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L.) trees
from a location in western, central, and eastern Oklahoma were
aged by tree ring analysis to assess the relationship of tree
age to tree height and crown area. The relationship of tree
age to crown size differed with location. Trees in the oldest
age class, 28 to 29 years, ranged in height from 6.2 m on the
western Oklahoma location to 8.3 m on the eastern Oklahoma
location. The oldest trees at all locations were still
actively growing. Height growth rate of the oldest class of
trees averaged 0.5 to 0.6 m yr-1 on the western and eastern
study locations, respectively. Eastern redcedar reached 2.0 m
in height at about 8 years of age on the eastern Oklahoma
location. Trees reached 2.0 m in height in 10 to 14 years at
the other locations. This suggests that burning intervals
should be more frequent on the eastern Oklahoma location than
on the central and western Oklahoma locations. Crown area as a
function of tree age was not as similar as tree height among
the 3 locations. Not only did the relationship differ among
locations, but it differed also between 2 central Oklahoma
range sites. Crown area of 28-year-old trees ranged from only
15 m(2) on the central Oklahoma Loamy Prairie to 40 m(2) at
the eastern Oklahoma location. These data suggest that the
smaller crown area of trees at the central Oklahoma location
may be a result of an influence other than environment, such
as an introduction of plants of a different race with an
inherent columnar growth habit. The reduction in forage
production associated with eastern redcedar and the efficacy
of prescribed burning for controlling eastern redcedar would
change more rapidly as trees age on the eastern Oklahoma
location than on the other locations.
97 NAL Call. No.: 100 AL1H
Herbicide, cultivation, combination proves best for cotton
weed control.
Patterson, M.G.; Goodman, W.R.; Norris, N.E.; Webster, W.B.
Auburn University, Ala. : The Station; 1991.
Highlights of agricultural research - Alabama Agricultural
Experiment Station
v. 38 (3): p. 6; 1991.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Gossypium; Weed control
98 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Hesperetin 7-rutinoside (Hesperidan) and taxifolin 3-
arabinoside as germination and growth inhibitors in soils
associated with the weed, Pluchea
lanceolata (DC) C.B. Clarke (Asteraceae).
Inderjit; Dakshini, K.M.M.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1991 Aug.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 17 (8): p. 1585-1591; 1991 Aug.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pluchea; Plant composition; Allelopathy; Seed
germination; Bioassays; Extracts; Phenolic compounds; Weed
control
Abstract: Hesperetin 7-rutinoside (Hesperidin) and taxifolin
3-arabinoside were detected in the soils associated with the
rapidly spreading perennial weed, Pluchea lanceolata. In the
present investigations, inhibitory potential of the aqueous
extracts of the two compounds was established and confirmed
through growth experiments pertaining to seed germination and
seedling growth of radish, mustard, and tomato, with 10(-4) M
solutions or the authentic samples. The significance of the
water-soluble compounds present in the rhizosphere zones of
the weed and its interference potential is commented upon.
99 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.O74
How to handle America's ten least wanted weeds.
Jesiolowski, J.
Emmaus, Pa. : Rodale Press, Inc; 1992 Jul.
Organic gardening v. 39 (6): p. 48-53; 1992 Jul.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Canada; Weeds; Manual weed control;
Cultural weed
control; Weeding; Cultivation; Domestic gardens
100 NAL Call. No.: SB476.G7
How to use landscape fabrics.
Overland Park, Kan. : Intertec Publishing Corporation; 1993
Mar. Grounds maintenance v. 28 (3): p. 60-61; 1993 Mar.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Landscaping; Weed control; Fabrics;
Mulches; Stapling
101 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N6N62
Hydrilla: a rapidly spreading aquatic weed in North Carolina.
Kay, S.H.
Raleigh, N.C. : The Service; 1992 May.
AG - North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service, North
Carolina State
University (449): 11 p.; 1992 May.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Hydrilla verticillata; Weed
control; Aquatic
weeds; Biological control; Cultural control; Chemical control
102 NAL Call. No.: 99.9 SO82
The impact of weeds and two legume crops on Eucalyptus hybrid
clone establishment.
Schumann, A.W.
Pretoria : South African Forestry Association; 1992 Mar.
South African forestry journal (160): p. 43-48; 1992 Mar.
Paper presented at
the IUFRO Symposium on "Intensive Forestry: The Role of
Eucalypts," held Sept
1991, Durban, South Africa. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Eucalyptus; Forest plantations; Crop weed
competition; Weed
control; Cultural methods; Mucuna pruriens; Vigna unguiculata;
Herbicides; Cover crops
103 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82
An improved method for measuring temperatures during range
fires. Jacoby, P.W.; Ansley, R.J.; Trevino, B.A.
Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1992 Mar.
Journal of range management v. 45 (2): p. 216-220; 1992 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Rangelands; Fires; Prescribed burning;
Measurement; Temperature; Thermocouples; Fire behavior
Abstract: A technique for recording time-temperature curves
within field-scale range fires was accomplished using a
commercially available data logger capable of rapidly reading
large numbers of thermocouples. A specially designed fireproof
box was utilized to house and protect the data logger within
the center of the burned area. Programming features allowed
temperatures to be measured and recorded rapidly (each second)
during the passage of the fire front and recorded as 1-minute
means before and after the combustion interval. Strategic
placement of thermocouples provided time-temperature profiles
for various heights above ground, rate of spread, and duration
of heat above specific temperatures. Additionally, measurement
of preheating prior to the actual flame passage was obtained
by placement of the recorder and thermocouples well within the
burned area. This technique may provide better quantification
of fire effects on vegetation, especially woody weeds targeted
for control with fire, by documenting temperature extremes and
their duration at critical growing points on plants.
104 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W412
Influence of pasture grass and legume swards on seedling
emergence and growth
of Carduus nutans L. and Cirsium vulgare L.
Wardle, D.A.; Rahman, A.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1992 Apr.
Weed research v. 32 (2): p. 119-128; 1992 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pastures; Dactylis glomerata; Phalaris aquatica;
Lolium perenne; Bromus catharticus; Holcus lanatus; Festuca
arundinacea; Medicago sativa; Trifolium pratense; Trifolium
subterraneum; Trifolium repens; Crop weed
competition; Carduus nutans; Cirsium vulgare; Seedling
emergence; Growth rate; Inhibition; Weed control; Biological
control; Allelopathy
105 NAL Call. No.: 23 AU792
Influence of preseason weed management and in-crop treatments
on two
successive wheat crops. 2. Take-all severity and incidence of
rhizoctonia root
rot.
Wong, P.T.W.; Dowling, P.M.; Tesoriero, L.A.; Nicol, H.I. East
Melbourne : Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research
Organization; 1993.
Australian journal of experimental agriculture v. 33 (2): p.
173-177; 1993.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New South Wales; Triticum; Weed control; Weeds;
Cultural control; Cultivation; Gaeumannomyces graminis;
Herbicides; Interactions; Rhizoctonia
solani; Root rots; Crop yield
106 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W41
Influence of tillage, crop rotation, and weed management on
giant foxtail
(Setaria faberi) population dynamics and corn yield.
Schreiber, M.M.
Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1992.
Weed science v. 40 (4): p. 645-653; 1992. Paper presented at
the "Symposium
on crop/weed management and the dynamics of weed seedbanks,"
February 11, 1992, Orlando, Florida. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Indiana; Zea mays; Setaria faberi; Weed biology;
Seed banks; Population density; Population dynamics; Plowing;
No-tillage; Rotations; Allelopathy; Cropping systems; Crop
yield; Weed control; Chemical control; Herbicides
Abstract: A long-term integrated pest management study
initiated in 1980 and continued through 1991 was conducted to
determine interactions of tillage, crop rotation, and
herbicide use levels on weed seed populations, weed
populations, and crop yield. This paper presents giant foxtail
seed population and stand along with corn yield in continuous
corn, corn rotated with soybean, or corn following wheat in a
soybean-wheat-corn rotation. Increasing herbicide use levels
above the minimum reduced giant foxtail seed in the 0-to 2.5-
cm depth of soil. Reducing tillage from conventional moldboard
plowing to chiseling to no-tilling increased giant foxtail
seed in only the top 0 to 2.5 cm of soil. No-tilling increased
giant foxtail seed over conventional tillage in each year data
were collected. Growing corn in a soybean-corn or soybean-
wheat-corn rotation reduced giant foxtail seed from corn grown
continuously in all three soil depths sampled: 0 to 2.5 cm,
2.5 to 10 cm, and 10 to 20 cm. Although stands of giant
foxtail tended to follow soil weed seed counts, crop rotation
significantly reduced giant foxtail stand with maximum
reduction in the soybean-wheat-corn rotation in all tillage
systems. Giant foxtail stands were reduced following wheat in
no-tilling, probably because of the allelopathic influence of
wheat straw. Corn yields showed weed management levels above
minimum control are not justified regardless of tillage and
crop rotation.
107 NAL Call. No.: SB599.C8
Influence of weed-control practices in the first crop on the
tillage
requirements for the succeeding crops in an upland
rice-maize-cowpea cropping
sequence.
Elliot, P.C.; Moody, K.
Guildford : Butterworths; 1991 Feb.
Crop protection v. 10 (1): p. 28-33; 1991 Feb. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Philippines; Oryza sativa; Upland rice;
Sequential cropping; Zea
mays; Vigna unguiculata; Weeding; Hoeing; Manual weed control;
Chemical
control; Pendimethalin; No-tillage; Plowing; Harrowing; Crop
yield; Grain; Cost benefit analysis
108 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Inhibition of weed seed germination by microwaves.
Barker, A.V.; Craker, L.E.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Mar.
Agronomy journal v. 83 (2): p. 302-305; 1991 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Avena sativa; Weeds; Seeds; Microwave treatment;
Microwave
radiation; Heat treatment; Cultural weed control; Seed
germination; Germination inhibitors; Soil sterilization
Abstract: Irradiation with radiofrequency energy (RF), which
includes microwaves, brings about dielectric beating of moist
materials. Some agricultural applications of dielectric
heating by RF have included insects control in stored grains
and improved germination of seed stocks. The objective of the
present research was to evaluate microwave heating of soils as
a technique for weed control. Approximately 800-g masses of
soil of variable wetness (10-280 g H2O/kg soil) containing
seeds of oat (Avena sativa L.) and indigenous weeds were
heated in a microwave (2.45 GHz) oven for 15 to 240 s. Soil
masses were 5 cm deep in flats. Oat seeds were placed 2 cm
deep into the soil. Heating of soils to 80 degrees C or higher
inhibited emergence of oats and weed species. About 120 s of
heating were needed to reach 80 degrees C. Maintaining this
temperature for 30 s was needed for strong inhibition.
Moisture content in this experiment had little effect on
dielectric heating. Time required to heat soil to killing
temperatures appears to be a factor limiting application of
this technique. The procedure may be applicable to soil
sterilization in cases in which other physical processes or
chemical means are inconvenient or undesirable.
109 NAL Call. No.: 81 M384
In-row rotary tilling for orchard weed control.
McCue, J.J.; Schupp, J.R.
North Amherst, Mass. : The Association; 1992.
New England fruit meetings ... Proceedings of the ... annual
meeting -
Massachusetts Fruit Growers' Association v. 98: p. 114-116;
1992.
Language: English
Descriptors: Maine; Malus pumila; Orchards; Weed control; Row
tillage; Rotary
cultivators; Fruit trees; Growth; Crop yield; Fruit; Size
110 NAL Call. No.: SB469.G76
Integrated weed management (IWM)--does it exist?.
San Rafael, CA : Cooperative Extension; 1992 May.
Growing points - University of California Cooperative
Extension v. 28 (10): p.
3-4; 1992 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Landscaping; Weed control; Integrated pest
management; Herbicides; Mulching; Trickle irrigation
111 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
An integrated weed management procedure for the control of
dodder (Cuscuta
indecora) in alfalfa (Medicago sativa).
Cudney, D.W.; Orloff, S.B.; Reints, J.S.
Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1992 Jul.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of
America v. 6 (3): p. 603-606; 1992 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Medicago sativa; Cuscuta indecora;
Integrated
control; Weed control; Trifluralin; Chemical control; Mowing;
Burning; Cost
analysis; Crop yield; Crop density; Seeds; Viability
112 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Integrated weed management techniques to reduce herbicide
inputs in soybean.
Buhler, D.D.; Gunsolus, J.L.; Ralston, D.F.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Nov.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 84 (6): p.
973-978; 1992 Nov.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Minnesota; Glycine max; Weed control; Chemical
control; Farm
inputs; Alachlor; Metribuzin; Application rates; Hoeing;
Manual weed control; Chemical vs. cultural weed control;
Weeds; Plant density; Crop yield
Abstract: Information on integrated weed management systems
is needed so that producers can develop systems that minimize
the environmental impacts of weed control without sacrificing
profitability of crop production. Reduced rates of broadcast-
or band-applied alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-
(methoxymethyl)acetamide] plus metribuzin [4-amino-6-(1,1-
dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-4(4H) -one] and
rotary hoeing, each in combination with between-row
cultivation, were evaluated for weed control in soybean
[Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. One or two between-row cultivations
allowed for a 50 to 75% reduction in the amount of herbicide
used without reducing weed control or soybean yield. Reducing
herbicide rates also decreased soybean injury. Two passes of a
rotary hoe reduced weed densities up to 75% and increased the
effectiveness of subsequent cultivations. However, two passes
of the rotary hoe reduced soybean density as compared to other
treatments. In 1989, under low weed densities, several
mechanical weed control systems resulted in soybean yields
similar to the weed-free control. In 1990, under greater weed
densities, mechanical weed control systems resulted in reduced
soybean yields compared to weed control systems that included
herbicides. Based on the results of this research, switching
from chemical-intensive systems to mechanical weed management
systems under high weed pressure is not advisable. Under high
weed pressure, reduced rates of herbicide, broadcasted or
banded over the soybean row, in combination with cultivation
provided excellent weed control. Mechanical weed control as a
part of an integrated weed management system should maximize
weed control while minimizing herbicide use.
113 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Integrated wild oat (Avena fatua) management affects spring
barley (Hordeum
vulgare) yield and economics.
Barton, D.L.; Thill, D.C.; Shafii, B.
Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1992 Jan.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of
America v. 6 (1): p. 129-135; 1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Idaho; Hordeum vulgare; Weed control; Avena
fatua; Chemical
control; Diclofop; Tri-allate; Difenzoquat; Cultural weed
control; Row
spacing; Sowing rates; Integrated control; Crop yield; Grain;
Economic
analysis; Returns
114 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Integrating reduced herbicide use with mechanical weeding in
corn (Zea mays).
Mulder, T.A.; Doll, J.D.
Champaign, Ill. : The Weed Science Society of America; 1993
Apr. Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society
of America v. 7 (2): p. 382-389; 1993 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Wisconsin; Cabt; Zea mays; Weed control;
Integrated control; Chemical control; Hoeing; Atrazine;
Metolachlor; Herbicide mixtures; Broadcasting; Band placement;
Crop yield; Grain; Returns; Economic analysis; Soil
compaction; Low input agriculture
115 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Integration of cereal cover crops in ridge-tillage corn (Zea
mays) production.
Eadie, A.G.; Swanton, C.J.; Shaw, J.E.; Anderson, G.W.
Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1992 Jul.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of
America v. 6 (3): p. 553-560; 1992 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ontario; Zea mays; Cultivars; Minimum tillage;
Ridging; Cereals; Cover crops; Crop residues; Intercropping;
Biomass production; Weed control; Crop establishment; Plant
density; Crop yield
116 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W41
Interaction of light, soil moisture, and temperature with weed
suppression by
hairy vetch residue.
Teasdale, J.R.
Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1993 Jan.
Weed science v. 41 (1): p. 46-51; 1993 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Vicia; Vetch; Cover crops; Light relations;
Allelopathy; Soil
water; Temperature; Shade; Establishment; Zea mays; Abutilon
theophrasti; Setaria viridis; Chenopodium album; Night
temperature; Weed control; Suppression
Abstract: The influence of light, soil moisture. and
temperature on establishment of selected species through hairy
vetch residue on the soil surface was investigated under
controlled conditions in the greenhouse. Hairy vetch residue
at rates ranging from 0 to 616 g m-2 had no effect on corn,
slightly reduced velvetleaf and green foxtail establishment,
and severely inhibited common lambsquarters establishment
under full sunlight conditions. The same rates of hairy vetch
residue reduced velvetleaf, green foxtail, and common
lambsquarters establishment more under a shade cloth with 9%
light transmittance than under full sunlight. Day/night
temperatures of 24/16 or 32/26 degrees C had no effect and
soil moistures of 50 or 133% field capacity had little effect
on response of all species to residue rates. Weed
establishment was similar under shade cloth without residue as
under residue with an equivalent light transmittance,
suggesting that light was more important than allelopathy or
physical impedance for weed suppression by hairy vetch
residue.
117 NAL Call. No.: SB610.2.B74
Interactions between three weed species of winter wheat in
response to
management practices.
McCloskey, M.; Firbank, L.G.; Watkinson, A.R.
Surrey : BCPC Registered Office; 1991.
Brighton Crop Protection Conference-Weeds v. 2: p. 791-798;
1991. Conference
held November 18-21, 1991, Brighton, England. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Triticum aestivum; Bromus sterilis; Galium
aparine; Papaver
rhoeas; Weed control; Herbicides; Cultural control
118 NAL Call. No.: 79.9 C122
Interplanting cereals and grasses during the last year of an
alfalfa stand.
Bendixen, W.E.; Lanini, T.
Fremont, Calif. : California Weed Conference; 1993.
Proceedings / (45th): p. 93-101; 1993. Paper presented at the
Conference on
"Weeds and People, Putting Weed Management in Perspective,"
January 18-20, 1993, Costa Mesa, California.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Cabt; Medicago sativa; Interplanting;
Cereals; Grasses; Cultural weed control; Crop weed
competition; Competitive ability; Crop yield; Hay; Forage
119 NAL Call. No.: SB476.G7
Irrigation pond weed control.
Gallagher, J.E.
Overland Park, Kan. : Intertec Publishing Corporation; 1991
Oct. Grounds maintenance v. 26 (10): p. 26, 28, 30, 50; 1991
Oct.
Language: English
Descriptors: Irrigation water; Ponds; Weed control; Aquatic
weeds; Design; Herbicides; Manual weed control; Chemical
control; Carp; Biological control; 2,4-d; Diquat; Endothal;
Fluridone; Simazine; Copper sulfate; Glyphosate
120 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Isolation of substance from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
periderm tissue
that inhibits seed germination.
Peterson, J.K.; Harrison, H.F. Jr
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1991 May.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 17 (5): p. 943-951; 1991 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ipomoea batatas; Periderm; Plant composition;
Allelopathy; Seed
germination; Inhibition; Weed control
Abstract: Chromatographic procedures were used to isolate
inhibitors of seed germination from sweet potato root periderm
tissue. The inhibitory activity of all fractions was monitored
using a proso millet seed germination bioassay. A single HPLC
peak, representing approximately 1.2% of the periderm dry
weight, accounted for most of the inhibitory activity. The
active fraction was labile in methanolic solution. Further
fractionation of this peak by HPLC methods was not successful.
In vitro seed germination dose-response relationships were
established for the peak. The various seed species exhibited
an extremely wide range of sensitivity. The I50 values were
0.16, 0.013 and 0.011 mg/ml for redroot pigweed, velvetleaf,
and proso millet, respectively. Tall morning glory was not
inhibited by any concentration tested.
121 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W41
Jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica) ecology and
interference in winter
wheat.
Anderson, R.L.
Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1993 Jul.
Weed science v. 41 (3): p. 388-393; 1993 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Triticum aestivum; Aegilops cylindrica; Weed
biology; Crop weed
competition; Phenology; Emergence; Plant development; Water
uptake; Growth
rate; Cultural weed control; Crop yield; Yield losses
Abstract: Jointed goatgrass is a serious weed in winter
wheat, and presently no herbicides are available for its
selective control. This study examined the effect of time of
emergence and removal on jointed goatgrass interference in
winter wheat, as well as its rate of development and soil
water extraction. The goal of this study was to suggest
cultural practices that minimize jointed goatgrass
interference in winter wheat. Jointed goatgrass development
was identical to 'Vona' winter wheat in two crop seasons, even
though precipitation differed drastically between seasons.
Depth of soil water extraction of both species was also
similar. Jointed goatgrass at 18 plantsm-2 reduced grain yield
27 and 17% when emerging 0 and 42 d after Vona, respectively.
The relationship between time of jointed goatgrass emergence
after winter wheat and grain yield loss was Y = 30.6 - 0.29X
(X = days, r = 0.72), indicating that plants emerging in late
fall still caused yield loss. Removing jointed goatgrass by
early March prevented winter wheat grain yield loss. The
interference data suggests that producers assess infestation
levels and plan control measures in early March.
122 NAL Call. No.: SB476.G7
Keeping turfgrass out of flower beds.
Agnew, N.H.
Overland Park, Kan. : Intertec Publishing Corporation; 1993
Apr. Grounds maintenance v. 28 (4): p. 46, 48; 1993 Apr.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Ornamental plants; Weed control; Grasses;
Lawns and turf; Herbicides; Barriers; Manual weed control;
Rhizomes; Tillers
123 NAL Call. No.: S541.5.A2R47
Landscape fabrics suppress growth of weed species.
Martin, C.A.; Gilliam, C.H.; Ponder, H.G.
Auburn, Ala. : The Station; 1991 Sep.
Research report series - Alabama Agricultural Experiment
Station, Auburn
University (7): p. 29-31; 1991 Sep.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cultural weed control; Polypropylenes
124 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Light transmittance, soil temperature, and soil moisture under
residue of
hairy vetch and rye.
Teasdale, J.R.; Mohler, C.L.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy, [1949-; 1993
May. Agronomy journal v. 85 (3): p. 673-680; 1993 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Maryland; Cabt; New York; Cabt; Secale cereale;
Vicia villosa; Cover crops; Crop residues; Biomass;
Microenvironments; Weeds; Seed banks; Seed germination; Soil
temperature; Light penetration; Soil water content; Cultural
weed control
Abstract: Cover crop residue on the surface of soils in no-
tillage systems can suppress weed emergence and growth.
Although allelopathy often is invoked to explain weed
suppression by residue, physical alterations of the seed
environment could be important as well. This experiment was
conducted to determine the light, temperature, and moisture
conditions under cover crop residue. Hairy vetch (Vicia
villosa Roth) and rye (Secale cereale L.) were desiccated with
a contact herbicide and residue rates ranging from one-fourth
to four times the natural residue biomass were established in
experiments at Beltsville, MD and Ithaca, N.Y. Photosynthetic
photon flux density (PPFD) was determined above and below
residue at approximately monthly intervals after initiation of
the experiment. Transmittance of PPFD through residue declined
according to an exponential decay function of residue biomass.
Transmittance was similar through hairy vetch and rye residue
initially, but as the experiment progressed, transmittance
through hairy vetch residue was greater than that through rye
because of faster decomposition of hairy vetch residue.
Spectral analysis from 400 to 1100 nm showed a slight increase
in transmittance as wavelength increased resulting in a slight
lowering of the red (660 nm) to far-red (730 nm) ratio
relative to that of unobstructed sunlight. Soil maximum
temperature and daily soil temperature amplitude were reduced
by cover crop residue. Residue prevented the decline of soil
water content during droughty periods. Results indicated that
reductions in light transmittance and daily soil temperature
amplitude by cover crop residue were sufficient to reduce
emergence of weeds but that maintenance of soil moisture could
increase weed emergence.
125 NAL Call. No.: S596.53.S69
Long-term effects of conservation practices on the nitrogen
fertility of a
soil cropped annually to wheat.
Wiltshire, G.H.; Du Preez, C.C.
Pretoria : Bureau for Scientific Publications, Foundation for
Education, Science and Technology, [1984-; 1993 May.
South African journal of plant and soil; Suid-Afrikaanse
tydskrif vir plant en
grond v. 10 (2): p. 70-76; 1993 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Africa; Cabt; Triticum aestivum;
Agricultural soils; Grassland soils; Uncultivated ground;
Comparisons; Soil fertility; Sustainability; Resource
conservation; Straw burning; Stubble mulching; Plowing; No-
tillage; Chemical vs. cultural weed control; Nitrogen
fertilizers; Application rates; Soil organic matter; Carbon;
Nitrogen; Nutrient availability; Mineralization; Nitrogen
content; Carbon-nitrogen ratio; Soil
depth; Soil degradation
126 NAL Call. No.: 100 C12CAG
Low-input management of weeds in vegetable fields.
Lanini, W.T.; LeStrange, M.
Oakland, Calif. : Division of Agriculture and Natural
Resources, University of
California; 1991 Jan.
California agriculture v. 45 (1): p. 11-13. ill; 1991 Jan.
Language: English
Descriptors: Weeds; Crop yield; Manual weed control;
Herbicides
127 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T
Mathematical simulation of a water hyacinth (Eichhornia
crassipes) towing
system.
Petrell, R.J.; Smerage, G.H.; Bagnall, L.O.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1992 Sep.
Transactions of the ASAE v. 35 (5): p. 1691-1698; 1992 Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Eichhornia crassipes; Mechanical
harvesting; Weed
control; Mathematical models; Simulation models; Compaction
Abstract: A mathematical model representing a water hyacinth
towing system of moderate size was formulated as a network of
mechanical components. The system consisted of a rectangular
device enclosing water hyacinth mats of various shapes and
sizes and towing them by an applied input velocity. Three
physical properties of a mat were found to be significant:
viscous drag of plant rhizomes in water, viscous friction of
leaves sliding over each other during compaction, and masses
of the mat and accelerated water. Mass of the enclosure and a
spring in the enclosure for measuring towing force also was
incorporated in the model. Descriptions of the components and
their interconnections were based on experimental observations
and physical and hydromechanical fundamentals. Analyses of
model behaviour were performed for towing velocity less than
0.4 m/s, the experimentally observed velocity at the onset of
mat instability. Effects of different acceleration patterns,
mat physical characteristics, and towing velocity on system
behaviour were investigated in physical experiments and
simulations with the model. The model and new information upon
which it was based permit engineering design of different
types of systems for harvesting water hyacinths in sewage
treatment, canals, and lakes.
128 NAL Call. No.: SB611.M42
Mechanical weed control keys to getting yields while reducing
or eliminating
the use of herbicides.
Land Stewardship Project (U.S.)
Lewiston, MN : Land Stewardship Project, [1991?]; 1991.
8 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. Cover title. Includes bibliographical
references (p.
[3] of cover).
Language: English
Descriptors: Weeds; Conservation tillage; Sustainable
agriculture
129 NAL Call. No.: 58.9 In7
Mechanical weed control--the state of the art.
Pullen, D.
Silsoe : Institution of Agricultural Engineers; 1994.
The Agricultural engineer v. 49 (1): p. 25; 1994.
Language: English
Descriptors: England; Cabt; Weed control; Mechanical methods;
Equipment
130 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W412
A model for prediction of yield response in weed harrowing.
Rasmussen, J.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1991 Dec.
Weed research v. 31 (6): p. 401-408; 1991 Dec. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Denmark; Cultural weed control; Harrowing; Crop
yield; Responses; Prediction; Models; Crop damage; Hordeum
vulgare; Weeds; Sowing; Phacelia
tanacetifolia; Brassica napus
131 NAL Call. No.: QH540.E23
A model of the effects of tillage on emergence of weed
seedlings. Mohler, C.L.
Tempe, Ariz. : Ecological Society of America; 1993 Feb.
Ecological applications v. 3 (1): p. 53-73; 1993 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Weeds; Seedling emergence; Plowing; No-tillage;
Rotary cultivation; Seeds; Survival; Soil depth; Mathematical
models; Seed banks; Manual weed control; Cultural weed control
132 NAL Call. No.: 1.98 AG84
More for less--a new way to grow tomatoes.
Stanley, D.
Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1991 Oct.
Agricultural research - U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Agricultural Research
Service v. 39 (10): p. 14-15; 1991 Oct.
Language: English
Descriptors: Maryland; Lycopersicon esculentum; Mulches; Vicia
villosa; Weed
control; Insect control; Plant residues; Crop yield; Growth
133 NAL Call. No.: S37.F72
Moss and algae control in lawns.
Boyd, J.
Little Rock : The Service; 1992 Aug.
FSA - Cooperative Extension Service, University of Arkansas
(2110): 2 p.; 1992
Aug.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lawns and turf; Mmosses; Algae; Weed control;
Herbicides; Cultural control
134 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N7S3
Mulches are alternatives for orchard weed control.
Merwin, I.
Canton, N.Y. : Agricultural Division, St. Lawrence County
Cooperative
Extension Association; 1993 Feb.
St. Lawrence County agricultural news v. 77 (2): p. 7-8; 1993
Feb.
Language: English
Descriptors: Orchards; Weed control; Mulches
135 NAL Call. No.: SB1.J66
Mulches: durability, aesthetic value, weed control, and
temperature.
Skroch, W.A.; Powell, M.A.; Bilderback, T.E.; Henry, P.H.
Washington, D.C. : Horticultural Research Institute; 1992 Mar.
Journal of environmental horticulture v. 10 (1): p. 43-45;
1992 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ornamental woody plants; Mulches; Wood chips;
Pine needles; Pine
bark; Hardwoods; Polyethylene film; Weed control; Soil
temperature; Aesthetic
value; Longevity
136 NAL Call. No.: SB435.5.A645
Mulching: benefits backed by survey.
Rakow, D.A.
Van Nuys, Calif. : Gold Trade Publications; 1992 Sep.
Arbor age v. 12 (9): p. 22, 27, 29; 1992 Sep.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Trees; Mulches; Surveys; Weed control;
Soil water; Bark; Wood chips; Stones; Safety; Ph; Mulching;
Landscaping
137 NAL Call. No.: 1.962 C5T71
Mulching effects of plant fiber and plant fiber--polyester
mats combined with
fertilizer on loblolly pine seedlings.
Haywood, J.D.; Youngquist, J.A.
Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1991.
Tree planters' notes - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest
Service v. 42
(3): p. 32-35; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pinus taeda; Seedlings; Mulching; Mulches; Plant
fibers; Polyesters; Jute; Survival; Weed control
138 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 IO9PA
Multiflora rose and its control.
Hartzler, R.G.; Owen, M.D.K.
Ames, Iowa : The Service; 1992 Mar.
PM - Iowa State University, Cooperative Extension Service v.):
2 p.; 1992 Mar.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rosa multiflora; Weed control; Herbicides;
Cultural control; Biological control
139 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Narrow row spacing and canopy formation reduces weed
resurgence in soybeans
(Glycine max).
Yelverton, F.H.; Coble, H.D.
Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1991 Jan.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of
America v. 5 (1): p. 169-174; 1991 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Glycine max; Row spacing; Canopy;
Leaf area; Cultural weed control; Cultivars; Varietal
reactions; Planting date; Irrigated
conditions
140 NAL Call. No.: QD1.A45
Natural phytotoxins as herbicides.
Duke, S.O.; Lydon, J.
Washington, D.C. : The Society; 1993.
ACS Symposium series - American Chemical Society (524): p.
110-124; 1993. In
the series analytic: Pest control with enhanced environmental
safety / edited
by S.O. Duke, J.J. Menn, and J.R. Plimmer. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Phytotoxins; Plant composition; Herbicidal
properties; Allelopathy
Abstract: Natural products of plants and microbes offer a
vast array of secondary compounds with biological activity,
including phytotoxicity. Many of these compounds have the
potential to be used directly as herbicides or as structural
leads for new synthetic herbicides. Although natural compounds
have made a large impact in the insecticide area, relatively
few successes have been obtained with these compounds as
herbicides. The most notable success is that of glufosinate.
Use of natural products in a herbicide discovery strategy has
been hindered by several problems. The number of options that
must be considered in discovery and development of a natural
product as a herbicide is larger than for a synthetic
herbicide. Furthermore, the molecular complexity, limited
environmental stability, and low herbicidal activity of many
phytotoxic natural products are discouraging. Rediscovery of
known natural phytotoxins can be time-consuming and expensive.
However, advances in chemistry and biotechnology are
increasing the speed and case with which humankind can
discover and develop natural products as herbicides, while
diminishing returns are being experienced with conventional
herbicide discovery efforts based on "synthesize and screen"
strategies.
141 NAL Call. No.: 99.8 F7632
Needlefall, canopy light interception, and productivity of
young intesively
managed slash and loblolly pine stands.
Dalla-Tea, F.; Jokela, E.J.
Bethesda, Md. : Society of American Foresters; 1991 Nov.
Forest science v. 37 (5): p. 1298-1313; 1991 Nov. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Pinus taeda; Pinus elliottii; Forest
plantations; Intensive silviculture; Canopy; Light;
Interception; Weed control; Pine
needles; Leaf fall; Leaf area index; Fertilizers; Biomass
production; Plant
competition
Abstract: Canopy dynamics, fight interception, and
productivity of 6-yr-old slash (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii
Engelm.) and loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) were investigated
using a 2 X 2 X 2 factorial experiment (species, annual
fertilization, sustained weed control) in north central
Florida. The strong nutritional gradient imposed by the
cultural treatments significantly accelerated canopy
development. Needlefall (NF) mass for the weed control +
fertilization treatments was increased over the checks by
about 400% (0.8 to 4.0 Mg ha-1) for slash pine and 1050% (from
0.4 to 4.6 Mg ha-1) for loblolly pine. Levels of annual NF
were strongly correlated (r2 > 0.90) with stand basal area,
and cumulative NF through time was successfully modeled using
a logistic function. Cultural treatments had no significant
effect on needle longevity or temporal NF patterns; however,
large treatment-related responses in leaf area index (LAI;
all-sided) were apparent for both species (slash pine = 1.5 to
7.2 m2m-2; loblolly pine = 1.0 to 10.6 m2m-2). Mean annual
fight interception (photosynthetically active radiation) for
the check and combination treatments paralleled LAI responses
and ranged from 28 to 74% for slash pine and 22 to 81% for
loblolly pine. Significant species differences in aboveground
biomass production (loblolly pine = 3.1 to 16.0 Mg ha -1yr -1;
slash pine = 3.5 to 8.0 Mg ha-1 yr -1) were principally due to
greater LAI (reflecting differences in specific leaf area and
branch structure) and higher fight use efficiency (0.81 vs.
0.47 g MJ-1) of loblolly pine.
142 NAL Call. No.: 79.9 C122
Non-herbicidal techniques for IWM programs.
Kempen, H.M.
Fremont, Calif. : California Weed Conference; 1992.
Proceedings - California Weed Conference (44th): p. 147-155;
1992. Paper
presented at the meeting on "Many Benefits of Weed Control,"
January 20-22, 1992, Sacramento, California. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Weed control; Cultural weed control;
Cultivars; Weeders
143 NAL Call. No.: SB321.G85
Now that the strawberry harvest is over.
Lord, W.; Handley, D.
Storrs, Conn. : Cooperative Extension Service, U.S. Department
of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources,
The University of Connecticut,; 1993 Jun.
The Grower : vegetable and small fruit newsletter / v. 93 (6):
p. 7; 1993 Jun.
Language: English
Descriptors: New england states of U.S.A.; Cabt; Fragaria
ananassa; Weed
control; Fertilizers; Mulching; Irrigation
144 NAL Call. No.: 79.9 C122
Nutsedge control in carrots.
Bell, C.E.
Fremont, Calif. : California Weed Conference; 1993.
Proceedings / (45th): p. 102-104; 1993. Paper presented at
the Conference on
"Weeds and People, Putting Weed Management in Perspective,"
January 18-20, 1993, Costa Mesa, California. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Cabt; Daucus carota; Weed control;
Cyperus esculentus; Cyperus rotundus; Chemical control;
Cultural weed control; Herbicides
145 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Oat companion crop seeding rate effect on alfalfa
establishment, yield, and
weed control.
Lanini, W.T.; Orloff, S.B.; Orr, J.P.; Vargas, R.N.; Marble,
V.L.; Grattan, S.R.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Mar.
Agronomy journal v. 83 (2): p. 330-333; 1991 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Medicago sativa; Companion crops;
Crop density; Avena
sativa; Sowing rates; Crop establishment; Intercropping; Crop
yield; Forage; Herbage; Dry matter accumulation; Weeds;
Population density; Irrigated farming
Abstract: Companion crops have been used in alfalfa (Medicago
sativa L.) establishment to increase forage yield and decrease
weeds. When oat (Avena sativa L.) is used as a companion crop,
the typical seeding rate is 50 to 75 kg ha-1. In irrigated
situations this seeding rate has depressed alfalfa yield and
stand density. This study was conducted under irrigated
conditions to evaluate alfalfa yields, forage composition at
first harvest and alfalfa and weed densities at four oat
seeding rates; 0 to 36 kg ha-1. Two field experiments were
established at Madera and one at Courtland, CA. The
interplanting of oat with alfalfa increased first-harvest
forage yields 2.45 to 8.62 Mg ha-1, relative to alfalfa
planted alone. Alfalfa yields at subsequent cuttings during
the first season were reduced by the oat companion crop. By
the last cutting in the first season and all cuttings in the
second season, yields were equal for all treatments. First-
season forage yields were increased 1.54 to 5.05 Mg ha-1 by an
oat companion crop. The oat component of the first cutting
ranged from 71 to 98%. Alfalfa and weed biomass were both
reduced by the oat companion crop. The oat companion crop
reduced alfalfa stand density during establishment, but
density was higher at the beginning of the second season at
two of the three sites when the oat seeding rate was 18 kg
ha-1. Alfalfa established with an oat companion crop had an
average of 30% fewer weeds in the second year when 9 kg ha-1
were used and almost 50% fewer weeds at 18 kg -1. Thus, the
seeding rate of an oat companion crop considered best for
optimizing yields and reducing weeds under irrigation in
California is approximately 18 kg ha-1.
146 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
On-farm evaluation of mechanical and chemical weed management
practices in
corn (Zea mays).
Hartzler, R.G.; Van Kooten, B.D.; Stoltenberg, D.E.; Hall,
E.M.; Fawcett, R.S.
Champaign, Ill. : The Weed Science Society of America; 1993
Oct. Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society
of America v. 7 (4): p. 1001-1004; 1993 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iowa; Cabt; Zea mays; Weed control; Chemical
control; Herbicides; Band placement; Broadcasting; Chemical
vs. cultural weed control; Cultural
weed control; Hoeing; Tillage; Rotary cultivation; Weeds;
Population density; Crop yield; On-farm training; Extension
147 NAL Call. No.: SB610.2.B74
Optimising the intensity of harrowing for mechanical weed
control in winter
wheat.
Rasmussen, J.
Surrey : BCPC Registered Office; 1991.
Brighton Crop Protection Conference-Weeds v. 1: p. 177-184;
1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Triticum aestivum; Weed control; Mechanical
methods
148 NAL Call. No.: SB1.H6
Orchard floor management practices influence elemental
concentrations in young
pecan trees.
Goff, W.D.; Patterson, M.G.; West, M.S.
Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science;
1991 Nov.
HortScience v. 26 (11): p. 1379-1381; 1991 Nov. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Carya illinoensis; Orchards; Crop weed
competition; Chemical vs. cultural weed control; Irrigation
scheduling; Soil fertility; Potassium; Nitrogen; Phosphorus;
Calcium; Magnesium; Boron; Copper; Iron; Manganese; Zinc; Soil
ph; Plant composition; Plant analysis; Nutrient uptake
Abstract: Nutrient status of young pecan [Carya illinoensis
(Wangenh.) C. Koch] trees grown under eight combinations of
orchard floor management and irrigation was determined by leaf
and soil analyses. Orchard floor management practices were
weedy-unmowed, weedy-mowed, weed control with herbicides, and
weed control by disking, with trees either irrigated or
nonirrigated. The element most affected by treatment was K.
Mean leaf K for the two sample years was significantly (P <
0.01) lower in the weedy plots (0.56% K) than in those where
weeds were controlled (0.76% K), suggesting a highly
competitive effect of weeds for K with young pecan trees. Weed
competition also suppressed leaf Ca and Mg, but presence of
weeds or sod resulted in higher soil pH and higher leaf Zn.
Leaf concentrations of N, P, B, Cu, and Fe were not
significantly affected by the treatments.
149 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Perennial sowthistle (Sonchus arvensis) interference in
soybean (Glycine max)
and dry edible bean (Phaseolus vulgaris).
Zollinger, R.K.; Kells, J.J.
Champaign, Ill. : The Weed Science Society of America; 1993
Jan. Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society
of America v. 7 (1): p. 52-57; 1993 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Michigan; Cabt; Glycine max; Phaseolus vulgaris;
Crop weed
competition; Sonchus arvensis; Plant density; Crop yield;
Yield losses; Growth
rate; Seed quality; Seed germination; Yield components; Seed
weight; Cultural
weed control; Tillage; Weed biology
150 NAL Call. No.: 100 C12CAG
Perennial weeds respond to control by soil solarization.
Elmore, C.L.; Roncoroni, J.A.; Giraud, D.D.
Oakland, Calif. : Division of Agriculture and Natural
Resources, University of
California; 1993 Jan.
California agriculture v. 47 (1): p. 19-22; 1993 Jan.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cynodon dactylon; Sorghum halepense; Convolvulus
arvensis; Soil
solarization; Weed control; Regrowth; Polyethylene film
151 NAL Call. No.: 100 F663
Performance of crisphead lettuce cultivars on plastic-mulched,
drip-irrigated
sandy soils in Florida.
Cantliffe, D.J.
Belle Glade, Fla. : The Center; 1993 Feb.
Belle Glade EREC research report EV - Florida University
Agricultural Research
and Education Center (1993-2): p. 48-56; 1993 Feb. Paper
presented at the
Lettuce Research Workshop, February 4, 1993, Belle Glade,
Florida. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Lactuca sativa; Mulches; Trickle
irrigation; Plastic
film; Crop yield; Sandy soils; Crop quality; Fertilizers; Weed
control
152 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Phenolic acid content of soils from wheat-no till, wheat-
conventional till, and fallow-conventional till soybean
cropping systems.
Blum, U.; Wentworth, T.R.; Klein, K.; Worsham, A.D.; King,
L.D.; Gerig, T.M.; Lyu, S.W.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1991 Jun.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 17 (6): p. 1045-1068; 1991 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Triticum aestivum; Glycine max; Phenolic acids;
Soil chemistry; Allelopathy; Fallow systems; Tillage; Weed
control; Biological control
Abstract: Soil core (0-2.5 and/or 0.10 cm) samples were taken
from wheat-no till, wheat-conventional till, and fallow-
conventional till soybean cropping systems from July to
October of 1989 and extracted with water in an autoclave. The
soil extracts were analyzed for seven common phenolic acids
(p-coumaric, vanillic, p-hydroxybenzoic, syringic, caffeic,
ferulic, and sinapic; in order of importance) by high-
performance liquid chromatography. The highest concentration
observed was 4 micrograms/g soil for p-coumaric acid. Folin &
Ciocalteu's phenol reagent was used to determine total
phenolic acid content. Total phenolic acid content of 0- to
2.5-cm core samples was approximately 34% higher than that of
the 0- to 10-cm core samples. Phenolic acid content of 0- to
2.5-cm core samples from wheat-no till systems was
significantly higher than those from all other cropping
systems. Individual phenolic acids and total phenolic acid
content of soils were highly correlated. The last two
observations were confirmed by principal component analysis.
The concentrations were confirmed by principal component
analysis of individual phenolic acids extracted from soil
samples were related to soil pH, water content of soil
samples, total soil carbon, and total soil nitrogen. Indirect
evidence suggested that phenolic acids recovered by the water-
autoclave procedure used came primarily from bound forms in
the soil samples.
153 NAL Call. No.: QK900.J67
Plant strategy types and vegetation development reflecting
different forms of
vineyard management.
Wilmanns, O.
Uppsala, Sweden : Opulus Press; 1993 Feb.
Journal of vegetation science v. 4 (2): p. 235-240; 1993 Feb.
In the series
analytic: Mechanisms and processes in vegetation dynamics /
edited by A.D.Q.
Agnew, S.L. Collins, and E. van der Maarel. Presented at the
34th IAVS
Symposium on "Mechanisms in vegetation dynamics", August
26-30, 1991, Eger, Hungary. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Germany; Vitis vinifera; Crop management;
Herbicides; Mulching; Plant ecology; Viticulture; Weed control
154 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 OK41C
Prescribed burning of pastures.
Gillen, R.L.
Stillwater, Okla. : The Service; 1991 Mar.
Circular E - Oklahoma State University, Cooperative Extension
Service (901): p. 49-57; 1991 Mar. Paper presented at the
"Old World Bluestem Conference,"
March 29, 1988, Cheyenne, Oklahoma.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oklahoma; Pastures; Prescribed burning; Weed
control; Brush
control; Fire control; Timing; Firebreaks; Sprayers; Weather;
Grassland
management; Grazing
155 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 G29B
Principles and practices of weed control in cotton.
Brown, S.M.
Athens, Ga. : The Service; 1991 Feb.
Bulletin - Cooperative Extension Service, University of
Georgia, College of
Agriculture v.): 15 p. ill; 1991 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium; Weed control; Cultural methods;
Herbicides
156 NAL Call. No.: SB950.A1C62
Products: flame weeding in the garden.
Daar, S.
Berkeley, CA : Bio Integral Resource Center, c1984-; 1992.
Common sense pest control quarterly v. 8 (3): 13-14; 1992.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Cabt; Europe; Cabt; Domestic gardens;
Weed control; Flame
cultivators; Burning; Pest control; Leptinotarsa decemlineata;
Timing
157 NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
Prospects for cultural and biological control of cowpea pests.
Ezueh, M.I.
Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1991.
Insect science and its application v. 12 (5/6): p. 585-592;
1991. Special
issue: Aspects of pest management in relation to agricultural
production and
environmental conservation in Africa / edited by A.M. Alghali,
N.K. Maniania, Mbaye Ndoye, and Z.M. Nyiira. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nigeria; Vigna unguiculata; Insect pests;
Biological control; Cultural control; Harvesting date; Natural
enemies; Planting date; Parasites
of insect pests; Predators of insect pests; Weed control
Abstract: Insect pest problems on cowpeas can be reduced by
use of strategies which involve ecological manipulations.
These include crop diversification (mixed cropping, etc.),
alteration or planting dates, crop rotation, trap-cropping and
weed control. The merits of these cultural methods of pest
control are discussed. The status of biological control of
cowpea pests is still low but promising. The crop is an annual
and therefore offers very limited possibilities for the
application of the classical biological control techniques.
However, a large number of parasitic Hymenoptera, Diptera and
predatory Hemiptera, notably Reduviids have been identified in
the cowpea ecosystem. Ecological studies of some of these have
been carried out and levels or parasitism determined in a few
cases, but their significance in the dynamics of cowpea pest
populations have not been fully established. It is however
known that conservation of parasites and predators in their
wild environment is one of the traditional biological control
methods. Therefore, a rationalized pesticide programme for the
control of cowpea pests should aim at preventing hazards to
their natural enemies so as to increase their biocontrol
efficiency.
158 NAL Call. No.: SB599.C8
Protection of crops against parasitic weeds.
Parker, C.
Guildford : Butterworths; 1991 Feb.
Crop protection v. 10 (1): p. 6-22; 1991 Feb. Literature
review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Parasitic weeds; Scrophulariaceae; Orobanchaceae;
Convolvulaceae; Viscaceae; Loranthaceae; Crop losses; Cultural
weed control; Chemical control; Biological control; Pest
resistance; Genetic control; Varietal susceptibility; Plant
breeding; Host parasite relationships; Mycoherbicides;
Herbicides; Plant
protection; Literature reviews
159 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82
Recent rates of mesquite establishment in the northern
Chihuahuan Desert.
Gibbens, R.P.; Beck, R.F.; McNeely, R.P.; Herbel, C.H.
Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1992 Nov.
Journal of range management v. 45 (6): p. 585-588; 1992 Nov.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New Mexico; Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa;
Brush control; Chemical control; Fenuron; Manual weed control;
Plant density; Seedlings; Survival; Grasslands; Deserts;
Rangelands; Arid zones
Abstract: Honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa Torr. var.
glandulosa populations continue to expand and become more
dense, even on areas once "successfully" treated either with
herbicides or by bulldozing in southern New Mexico. Areas
treated from 1958-1964 for mesquite control on the USDA-ARS
Jornada Experimental Range and the New Mexico State University
College Ranch were sampled to determine mesquite density
changes. On herbicide treated areas sampled in 1976 and again
in 1988, mesquite densities increased 10% to 128% and had
densities from 67 to 494 plants/ha. Two areas treated by
either bulldozing or fenuron in 1959-60, and with original
kills near 100%, had an average density of 377 plants/ha by
1988, with an establishment rate of 13.5 plants/ha/year. On
the College Ranch, mesquite densities increased 11%, from 130
(1982) to 147 (1988) plants/ha. Only 19% of a cohort of
mesquite seedlings which germinated in 1989 were still alive
in May 1990. Even though only a small percentage of the
mesquite that germinated survived into the second year, this
is enough to change former grasslands into mesquite-dominated
rangelands.
160 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 W27Pn
Red sorrell--Rumex acetosella L.
Fitzsimmons, J.P.; Burrill, L.C.
Corvallis, Or. : Washington, Oregon, and Idaho State
Universities, Cooperative
Extension Service; 1993 Mar.
PNW (446): 2 p.; 1993 Mar. In subseries: Weeds.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rumex acetosella; Identification; Toxicity;
Chemical vs. cultural
weed control
161 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Reduced-herbicide weed management systems for no-tillage corn
(Zea mays) in a
hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) cover crop.
Teasdale, J.R.
Champaign, Ill. : The Weed Science Society of America; 1993
Oct. Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society
of America v. 7 (4): p. 879-883; 1993 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Maryland; Cabt; Zea mays; No-tillage; Cover
crops; Vicia villosa; Live mulches; Weed control; Chemical
control; Cultural weed control; Low input
agriculture; Sustainability; Crop yield; Atrazine; Dicamba;
Metolachlor; Sulfonylurea herbicides; Paraquat; Efficacy;
Chemical vs. cultural weed
control; Crop weed competition
162 NAL Call. No.: QH541.5.F6F67
Reducing bearclover by repeated growing-season prescribed
burns: preliminary
test results.
Weatherspoon, C.P.; Skinner, C.N.; Simpton, C.S.
Redding, Calif. The Conference; 1991.
Proceedings ... annual Forest Vegetation Management Conference
(12): p. 1-9; 1991. Meeting held May 14-16, 1991, Redding,
California. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Pinus ponderosa; Woody weeds; Weed
control; Prescribed burning
163 NAL Call. No.: 79.9 W52
"Relay-planting" from alfalfa to cotton, blackeyes or silage
corn. Kempen, H.M.; Muner, D.; Gonzalez, M.P.
Reno, Nev. : The Society; 1991.
Proceedings - Western Society of Weed Science v. 44: p.
103-108; 1991.
Meeting held March 12-14, 1991, Seattle Washington.
Language: English
Descriptors: Medicago sativa; Gossypium; Phaseolus vulgaris;
Zea mays; Relay
cropping; Cultural weed control
164 NAL Call. No.: SB451.34.V8V57
Research: landscape fabrics for weed control in home
landscapes. Derr, J.F.
Blacksburg, Va. : Extension Division, Virginia Polytechnic
Institute and State
University; 1992 Jan.
The Virginia gardener v. 11 (1): p. 3; 1992 Jan.
Language: English
Descriptors: Plastic fabric; Weed control; Mulches
165 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82
Response of cottontail rabbit populations to herbicide and
fire applications
on cross timbers rangeland.
Lochmiller, R.L.; Boggs, J.F.; McMurry, S.T.; Leslie, D.M. Jr;
Engle, D.M.
Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1991 Mar.
Journal of range management v. 44 (2): p. 150-155; 1991 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oklahoma; Sylvilagus floridanus; Population
dynamics; Population
density; Habitats; Brush control; Range management;
Tebuthiuron; Triclopyr; Prescribed burning; Ecotones; Forests;
Prairies
Abstract: Knowledge of how resident wildlife populations
respond to brush management strategies is especially limited
for rangelands in the cross timbers vegetation type of
Oklahoma. We examined how cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus
floridanus) density and habitat use were influenced by
applications of tebuthiuron or triclopyr, with and without
annual burning, on cross timbers rangeland. Line transect
flush-counts, mark-recapture livetrapping, and fecal pellet
counts were used to evaluate seasonal differences in
population density among 5 brush control treatments.
Cottontail rabbits (n = 225) were flushed along 362 km of line
transects during 5 census periods. Density in winter was
consistently lower than summer for all treatments, except for
the untreated control in winter 1987. Line transect density
estimates varied from 0 to 1.975 rabbits/ha and suggested that
herbicide and annual burning treatments had a positive
influence on cottontail rabbit populations compared to
untreated controls. Mark-recapture density estimates did not
differ among treatments. Fecal pellet counts were greater on
herbicide-treated pastures than an untreated control in both
spring and fall. Prairie-eastern redcedar (Juniperus
virginiana L.) and forest-prairie ecotone habitats were
utilized greater than expected by cottontail rabbits. Mature
hardwood overstory and mixed-brush habitats were avoided.
Tebuthiuron and triclopyr effectively deceased hardwood
overstory and increased preferred habitats for cottontail
rabbits.
166 NAL Call. No.: QH301.A76
Response of ground flora to varying cultivation and weed
control programmes on
three contrasting farm forestry sites in Scotland.
Davies, D.H.K.; Palmer, H.E.; Carnegie, H.; Gwynne, D.;
Talbot, M. Wellesbourne, Warwick : The Association of Applied
Biologists; 1992.
Aspects of applied biology (29): p. 219-224; 1992. In the
series analytic: Vegetation management in forestry, amenity
and conservation areas. Paper
presented at the conference of the Association, April 7-9,
1992, University of
York, England. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Scotland; Farm woodlands; Ground cover plants;
Weed control; Weeds; Monitoring; Site factors; Trees;
Establishment
167 NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6
Response of soil microbial biomass and plant litter
decomposition to weed
management strategies in maize and asparagus cropping systems.
Wardle, D.A.; Yeates, G.W.; Watson, R.N.; Nicholson, K.S.
Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1993 Jul.
Soil biology & biochemistry v. 25 (7): p. 857-868; 1993 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New Zealand; Cabt; Zea mays; Asparagus
officinalis; Cultural weed
control; Manual weed control; Chemical control; Soil flora;
Biomass; Biological activity in soil; Litter (plant);
Microbial degradation
Abstract: Five weed management strategies (sawdust mulching,
repeated spring-summer cultivation, hand-hoeing and two
herbicide treatments) were applied to each of two cropping
systems (maize and asparagus) near Hamilton, New Zealand.
Assessments of the response of microbial activity and biomass
were made over an entire annual cropping cycle (from August
1990 to October 1991). Soil respiration and substrate-induced
respiration (SIR) were strongly stimulated by sawdust mulch
over the experimental period, probably as a result of the
enhanced soil moisture status, but the other treatments did
not exert any strong consistent effects. Use of the selective
inhibitor technique demonstrated temporary stimulatory effects
of mulching, cultivation and (occasionally) herbicide
application on both the bacterial and fungal components of the
soil system. The fumigation-incubation technique also
suggested that mulching had stimulatory effects on microbial
activity and biomass but only when control values were not
subtracted. Most of the effects detected occurred in the top 5
cm of the mineral soil. Placement of litter-bags on the
surface and at 10 cm depth indicated that litter decomposition
was often most rapid in the sawdust-mulched plots, probably as
a result of enhanced abiotic decomposition. Soil respiration
and SIR were also greatest for the litter placed on the
mulched plots, over most of the annual cropping cycle. We
concluded that weed management strategies which influence soil
moisture contents are likely to induce the most significant
responses by the soil microflora.
168 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 OK41C
Response of understory vegetation to herbicides and burning on
the cross
timbers experimental range.
Engle, D.M.; Stritzke, J.F.; McCollum, F.T.
Stillwater, Okla. : The Service; 1992 Feb.
Circular E - Oklahoma State University, Cooperative Extension
Service (905): p. 6-7; 1992 Feb. In the series analytic:
Range research highlights, 1983-1991 / edited by T.G. Bidwell,
D. Titus and D. Cassels.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oklahoma; Range management; Weed control;
Herbicides; Prescribed
burning; Savannas; Tebuthiuron; Field tests
169 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W41
Response of weed to tillage and cover crop residue.
Teasdale, J.R.; Beste, C.E.; Potts, W.E.
Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1991 Apr.
Weed science v. 39 (2): p. 195-199; 1991 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Maryland; Zea mays; Secale cereale; Vicia
villosa; Cover crops; Plant residues; No-tillage; Plowing;
Weeds; Population density; Mollugo
verticillata; Chenopodium album; Eleusine indica; Digitaria
sanguinalis; Eragrostis cilianensis; Cultural weed control
Abstract: Total weed density increased after 1 yr of no-
tillage and after 2 yr of conventional tillage in a 4-yr
experiment with repeated assignment of the same treatment to
the same plots. Large crabgrass, goosegrass, and carpetweed
densities were higher in the no-tillage compared with the
conventional-tillage treatment in at least 1 yr whereas common
lambsquarters density was greater in the conventional-tillage
treatment the last year of the experiment. Within the no-
tillage treatment, rye or hairy vetch residue reduced total
weed density an average of 78% compared to the treatment
without cover crop when cover crop biomass exceeded 300 g m-2
and when residue covered more than 90% of the soil.
Goosegrass, stinkgrass, and carpetweed densities were reduced
by cover crop residue in at least 1 yr whereas large crabgrass
was unaffected. Common lambsquarters density increased where
rye was grown as a cover crop prior to conventional tillage.
Despite differences in weed density among treatments, weed
biomass was equivalent in all.
170 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W412
A review of the ecology and control of thistles in Australia.
Sindel, B.M.
Oxford : Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1991 Aug.
Weed research v. 31 (4): p. 189-201; 1991 Aug. Literature
review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Australia; Carduus nutans; Carduus pycnocephalus;
Carduus
tenuiflorus; Carthamus lanatus; Cirsium vulgare; Onopordum
acanthium; Onopordum illyricum; Silybum marianum; Weed
biology; Plant ecology; Weed
control; Pastures; Crop weed competition; Life cycle; Seed
germination; Seed
dormancy; Plant development; Cultural weed control; Chemical
control; Grazing
effects; Edaphic factors
171 NAL Call. No.: 10 EX72
The role of weeds in the productivity of Amazonian bush fallow
agriculture.
Staver, C.
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press; 1991 Jul.
Experimental agriculture v. 27 (3): p. 287-304; 1991 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Peru; Zea mays; Manihot esculenta; Musa; Shifting
cultivation; Shrubs; Trees; Weed control; Weed biology; Weed
competition; Crop weed
competition; Crop yield; Herbage
172 NAL Call. No.: S451.N7A5
Rotary hoe removes young weeds in corn fields.
Pleasant, J.M.
Belmont, N.Y. : Cooperative Extension Association of Allegany
County; 1992
Feb21.
Allegany agriculture v. 17 (1): p. 3-4; 1992 Feb21.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Weed control; Rotary hoes; Field tests
173 NAL Call. No.: 79.9 C122
Rotation techniques for control of weeds.
Kempen, H.M.; Agamalian, H.; Elmore, C.; Cudney, D.
Fremont, Calif. : California Weed Conference; 1991.
Proceedings - California Weed Conference (43rd): p. 70-77;
1991. Meeting held
January 21-23, 1991, Santa Barbara, California. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cultural weed control; Rotations
174 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Runoff and erosion following mechanical and chemical control
of Creosotebush
(Larrea tridentata).
Wood, M.K.; Garcia, E.L.; Tromble, J.M.
Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1991 Jan.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of
America v. 5 (1): p. 48-53; 1991 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New Mexico; Larrea tridentata; Brush control;
Chemical control; Cultural weed control; Deep plowing;
Tebuthiuron; Erosion; Runoff; Sediment
yield
175 NAL Call. No.: SB950.2.I3I4
Rye: more than a mulch for weed control.
Doll, J.; Bauer, T.
Urbana, Ill. : Cooperative Extension Service, Univ of Illinois
at Urbana-Champaign; 1991.
Illinois Agricultural Pesticides Conference summaries of
presentations January
8, 9, 10, 1991, Urbana, Illinois / Univ of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign, Coop
Ext Serv, in coop with the Illinois Natural History Survey. p.
146-149; 1991.
"Proceedings of the 1991 Illinois Agricultural Pesticides
Conference," January
8-10, 1991, Urbana, Illinois. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Wisconsin; Rye; Weed control
176 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Seed germination, physical and chemical control of Catclaw
mimosa (Mimosa
pigra var. pigra).
Creager, R.A.
Champaign, Ill. : The Weed Science Society of America; 1992
Oct. Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society
of America v. 6 (4): p. 884-891; 1992 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Cabt; Mimosa pigra; Aquatic weeds;
Growth; Seed
germination; Herbicides; Chemical control; Efficacy; Burning;
Cutting; Cultural control; Weed control
177 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Seeding arrangement on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) grain
yield and
interaction with Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum).
Appleby, A.P.; Brewster, B.D.
Champaign, Ill. : The Weed Science Society of America; 1992
Oct. Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society
of America v. 6 (4): p. 820-823; 1992 Oct. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oregon; Cabt; Triticum aestivum; Lolium
multiflorum; Weeds; Drilling; Sowing rates; Crop yield; Crop
weed competition; Weed control; Cultural control
178 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Seeding date, seeding rate, and row spacing affect wheat
(Triticum aestivum)
and cheat (Bromus secalinus).
Koscelny, J.A.; Peeper, T.F.; Solie, J.B.; Solomon, S.G. Jr
Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1991 Oct.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of
America v. 5 (4): p. 707-712; 1991 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oklahoma; Triticum aestivum; Bromus secalinus;
Crop weed
competition; Row spacing; Sowing rates; Sowing date; Cultural
weed control; Crop yield; Grain; Tillering
179 NAL Call. No.: SB610.2.B74
Selective wavelength transmitting mulch for yellow nutsedge
control.
Majek, B.A.; Neary, P.E.
Surrey : BCPC Registered Office; 1991.
Brighton Crop Protection Conference-Weeds v. 1: p. 263-268;
1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Vegetables; Weed control; Mulches; Plastic film;
Cyperus
esculentus
180 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
SELOMA: expert system for weed management in herbicide-
intensive crops.
Stigliani, L.; Resina, C.
Champaign, Ill. : The Weed Science Society of America; 1993
Jul. Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society
of America v. 7 (3): p. 550-559; 1993 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Weed control; Decision making; Expert systems;
Hordeum vulgare; Zea mays; Avena sativa; Secale cereale; Beta
vulgaris; Sorghum bicolor; Triticum durum; Computer hardware;
Computer software; Weeds; Integrated
control; Herbicides; Chemical control; Cultural weed control
181 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W41
Simulation analysis of weed population dynamics in ridge-
tilled fields.
Jordan, N.
Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1993 Jul.
Weed science v. 41 (3): p. 468-474; 1993 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Abutilon theophrasti; Setaria pumila; Weed
biology; Population
dynamics; Persistence; Conservation; Tillage; Seed banks;
Cultural weed
control; Threshold models; Simulation models; Emergence;
Sexual reproduction; Survival
Abstract: Effects of nonchemical weed control on weed and
seedbank demography in ridge-tilled fields were simulated to
examine long-term effects on weed population dynamics. Ridge
tillage entails active seedbank management, including removal
of much of the seedbank from the crop growth zone (ridge) to
the interridge zone (furrow) at planting, and other seedbank
manipulations. Dynamics of simulated yellow foxtail and
velvetleaf populations were sharply sensitive to the rate of
seed removal from the ridge. Variation in winter seed
survival, ridge plant demography (emergence, survival, and
seed production), and seed survival in the furrow after
removal from the ridge alsohad strong effects on simulated
dynamics. To prevent rapid population growth in a simulated
corn-soybean rotation, very effective control of seedlings
emerging with each crop was necessary to offset seed
production from seedlings emerging after ridge rebuilding in
corn years. Dynamics of both species were highly sensitive to
cultivation efficiency. Effective "rescue" weed control must
be available to prevent sharp increases in weed seedbanks
during years when cultivation is ineffective.
182 NAL Call. No.: 79.9 C122
Soil solarization.
Bell, C.E.
Fremont, Calif. : California Weed Conference; 1991.
Proceedings - California Weed Conference (43rd): p. 188-191;
1991. Meeting
held January 21-23, 1991, Santa Barbara, California. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Soil solarization; Cultural weed control
183 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Soil solarization for weed management in U.A.E.
Al-Masoom, A.A.; Saghir, A.R.; Itani, S.
Champaign, Ill. : The Weed Science Society of America; 1993
Apr. Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society
of America v. 7 (2): p. 507-510; 1993 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: United arab emirates; Cabt; Lactuca sativa;
Allium sativum; Cultural weed control; Soil solarization;
Sequential cropping; Efficacy; Residual effects
184 NAL Call. No.: 79.9 C122
Soil solarization: weed control using solar energy.
Bell, C.E.
Fremont, Calif. : California Weed Conference; 1993.
Proceedings / (45th): p. 4-7; 1993. Paper presented at the
Conference on
"Weeds and People, Putting Weed Management in Perspective,"
January 18-20, 1993, Costa Mesa, California. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cultural weed control; Soil solarization
185 NAL Call. No.: 64.8 C883
Soil temperature and moisture effects on downy brome vs.
winter canola, wheat, and rye emergence.
Blackshaw, R.E.
Madison, Wis. : Crop Science Society of America; 1991 Jul.
Crop science v. 31 (4): p. 1034-1040; 1991 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alberta; Bromus tectorum; Winter; Crops; Brassica
napus var.
oleifera; Triticum aestivum; Secale cereale; Cultural weed
control; Soil
temperature; Soil water content; Effects; Emergence;
Seedlings; Weed
competition
Abstract: Downy brome (Bromms tectorum L.) causes serious
yield reductions in winter cereals in the western USA and
Canada. Current control practices often are ineffective. A
study was conducted under controlled-environment and field
conditions to determine the effect of soil temperature (5-30
degrees C) and moisture (-O.03 to - 1.53 MPa) on the rate and
total emergence of downy brome relative to that of winter
cultivars of canola (Brassica napus L.), wheat (Triticum
aestivum L.), and rye (Secale cereale L.) with the aim of
developing improved cultural control measures. A strong
temperature-moisture interaction was found for all species.
Downy brome emergence was affected more by varying soil
temperature and moisture conditions than rye or wheat but less
than winter canola. Wheat and rye emergence was > 88 and 82%,
respectively, across the entire range of soil temperature and
moisture conditions. Canola emergence decreased to < 60% in
cool, dry soils. Downy brome emergence remained > 70% for all
soil temperature and moisture conditions, a sufficiently high
percentage to pose a serious weed problem. Downy brome usually
emerged more slowly than the crop species, but the additional
time required to reach 50% emergence compared with that of the
crop species was no more than 8 d. Results indicated that
differences between downy brome and canola, wheat, and rye in
their soil temperature and moisture requirements for optimal
emergence are likely insufficient to allow development of
cultural control practices to reduce the establishment of
competitive stands of downy brome in these winter crops.
186 NAL Call. No.: 99.8 F7623
Some future directions for biologically based vegetation
control in forestry
research.
Jobidon, R.
Ottawa : Canadian Institute of Forestry; 1991 Oct.
The Forestry chronicle v. 67 (5): p. 514-519; 1991 Oct. Paper
presented at
the symposium on "Recent Advances in Forest Pest Management",
Oct 21, 1990, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Vegetation management; Weed control; Biological
control; Phytotoxins; Allelopathy; Microbial pesticides;
Research
Abstract: During the past decade, considerable research
efforts have been devoted towards non-chemical weed control.
Some of these efforts have been directed towards the control
of forest weed species. Non-chemical control of forest
vegetation encompasses many approaches and techniques and only
a few of them are discussed in this paper. Three major and
promising research areas are identified: 1) allelopathy, (2)
microbially produced phytotoxins, and 3) bio-control. Each of
these weed management strategies is briefly presented and
discussed using examples from the forestry literature.
187 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 W27Pn
St. Johnswort--Hypericum perforatum L.
Fitzsimmons, J.P.; Burrill, L.C.
Corvallis, Or. : Washington, Oregon, and Idaho State
Universities, Cooperative
Extension Service; 1993 Mar.
PNW (442): 2 p.; 1993 Mar. In subseries: Weeds.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Cabt; Washington; Cabt; Oregon; Cabt;
Hypericum
perforatum; Weeds; Chemical vs. cultural weed control;
Biological control
188 NAL Call. No.: SB599.C8
Stategies for the control of Avena sterilis in winter wheat
production systems
in central Spain.
Gonzalez-Andujar, J.L.; Fernandez-Quintanilla, C.
Oxford : Butterworths-Heinemann Ltd; 1993 Dec.
Crop protection v. 12 (8): p. 617-623; 1993 Dec. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Spain; Cabt; Triticum; Winter wheat; Avena
sterilis; Continuous
cropping; Fallow; Cultural control; Weed control; Chemical
control; Herbicides; Plant density; Infestation; Crop yield;
Fixed costs; Economic
analysis; Profitability; Deterministic models
189 NAL Call. No.: QL461.I57
Status of biological control of Parthenium hysterophorus L. in
India: a
review.
Srikanth, J.; Pushpalatha, N.A.
Nairobi, Kenya : ICIPE Science Press; 1991 Aug.
Insect science and its application v. 12 (4): p. 347-359; 1991
Aug. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: India; Parthenium hysterophorus; Biological
control; Weed
control; Insects; Mites; Pathogens; Mycotoxins; Parasitic
plants; Natural
enemies; Allelopathy; Surveys; Literature reviews
Abstract: Biological control efforts on Parthenium
hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae) in India have gained momentum
after the limitations of other methods were realized. Native
surveys revealed a large number of insects, but none of them
was host specific. Although the introduced beetle Zygogramma
bicolorata Pallister (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) has
established at the sites of initial releases, its real impact
on the weed and performance in different parts of the country
need further evaluation. Fungal pathogens of the weed hold
promise for classical as well as microherbicidal control. The
use of parthenium phyllody MLO as a biocontrol agent requires
establishment of host and vector specificity. Mycotoxins are a
potential group of herbicides on which serious studies are yet
to begin. Studies on control of the weed through interference
and allelopathy by Cassia uniflora Mill.(= C. sericea Sw.)
(Leguminosae) have produced promising results. Toxic leachates
of C. uniflora and autotoxic principles of the weed deserve
attention. integrated biocontrol strategies envisaged for
wastelands using introduced insects and pathogens,
allelopathic plants, and agroecosystems using native
pathogens, mycotoxins and autotoxic principles, will help
combat this apparently invincible weed.
190 NAL Call. No.: QH301.A76
Strategy for the control of giant hogweed (Heracleum
mantegazzianum) on the
River Ayr in Scotland.
Tiley, G.E.D.; Philp, B.
Wellesbourne, Warwick : The Association of Applied Biologists;
1992.
Aspects of applied biology (29): p. 463-466; 1992. In the
series analytic: Vegetation management in forestry, amenity
and conservation areas. Paper
presented at the conference of the Association, April 7-9,
1992, University of
York, England. Bibliography. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Scotland; Heracleum mantegazzianum; Introduced
species; Invasion; Weed control; Chemical control; Glyphosate;
Mechanical methods; Public health
191 NAL Call. No.: SB950.A1P3
Studies of weeding frequency in cassava in Cameroon.
Ambe, J.T.; Agboola, A.A.; Hahn, S.K.
London : Taylor & Francis; 1992 Jul.
Tropical pest management v. 38 (3): p. 302-304; 1992 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cameroon; Manihot esculenta; Cultivars; Weeds;
Manual weed
control; Frequency
192 NAL Call. No.: SB950.A1P3
Studies on integrated weed management in sorghum.
Ramakrishna, A.; Ong, C.K.; Reddy, S.L.N.
London : Taylor & Francis; 1991 Apr.
Tropical pest management v. 37 (2): p. 159-161; 1991 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Andhra pradesh; Sorghum bicolor; Weed control;
Integrated
control; Chemical control; Metolachlor; Bentazone; Atrazine;
Herbicide
mixtures; Application rates; Manual weed control; Crop yield;
Grain
193 NAL Call. No.: S601.A34
Subterranean clover living mulch: an alternative method of
weed control.
Ilnicki, R.D.; Enache, A.J.
Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1992 May.
Agriculture, ecosystems and environment v. 40 (1/4): p.
249-264; 1992 May. In
the Special Issue: Biotic Diversity in Agroecosystems / edited
by M.G.
Paoletti and D. Pimentel. Proceedings from a symposium on
Agroecology and
Conservation Issues in Tropical and a Temperate Regions,
September 26-29, 1990, Padova, Italy. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New Jersey; Weed control; Live mulches; Trifolium
subterraneum; Mulches; Secale cereale; Cover crops; Zea mays;
Glycine max; Cucurbita pepo; Brassica oleracea; Phaseolus
vulgaris; Lycopersicon esculentum; Tillage; Minimum tillage;
No-tillage; Herbicides; Weeds; Biomass production; Crop
yield; Alternative farming
194 NAL Call. No.: SB950.A1P3
Suitability of organic mulch (distillation waste) and
herbicides for weed
management of perennial aromatic grasses.
Singh, A.; Singh, K.; Singh, D.V.
London : Taylor & Francis; 1991 Apr.
Tropical pest management v. 37 (2): p. 162-165; 1991 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Essential oil plants; Cymbopogon winterianus;
Cymbopogon
flexuosus; Cymbopogon martinii; Weed control; Chemical
control; Simazine; Atrazine; Diuron; 2,4-d; Oxyfluorfen;
Cultural weed control; Mulching; Plant
residues; Distillers' residues; Waste utilization; Crop yield;
Essential oils
195 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.O74
Super secrets of successful weed warriors.
Jesiolowski, J.
Emmaus, PA : Rodale Press, c1988-; 1993 Jul.
Organic gardening v. 40 (6): p. 26-28; 1993 Jul.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Cabt; Vegetable growing; Weed control;
Mulching; Live
mulches; Geese; Intensive cropping; Alternative farming
196 NAL Call. No.: QK900.J67
Suppression of annuals by Tribulus terrestris in an abandoned
field in the
sandy desert of Kuwait.
El-Ghareeb, R.M.
Knivsta, Sweden : Opulus Press; 1991 Apr.
Journal of vegetation science v. 2 (2): p. 147-154; 1991 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kuwait; Tribulus terrestris; Weed competition;
Allelopathy; Germination inhibitors; Invasion; Leachates;
Phenolic compounds; Sandy soils; Annuals; Deserts; Plant
communities; Site factors
197 NAL Call. No.: SB610.2.B74
Surveys of straw disposal methods in England and Wales and
farmers' attitudes
to the forthcoming ban on burning straw.
Townsend, G.M.; Wright, E.; Orson, J.H.
Surrey : BCPC Registered Office; 1991.
Brighton Crop Protection Conference-Weeds v. 2: p. 829-834;
1991. Conference
held November 18-21, 1991, Brighton, England. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: England; Wales; Crop residues; Straw burning; Air
pollution; Weed
control
198 NAL Call. No.: S601.A34
Survival and growth of peach trees and pest populations in
orchard plots
managed with experimental ground covers.
Meyer, J.R.; Zehr, E.I.; Meagher, R.L. Jr; Salvo, S.K.
Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1992 Sep.
Agriculture, ecosystems and environment v. 41 (3/4): p.
353-363; 1992 Sep.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Prunus persica; Crop management; Ground cover
plants; Species; Cover crops; Survival; Growth; Plant pests;
Populations; Population density; Crop damage; Species
differences; Integrated pest management; Weed control;
Cultural control
199 NAL Call. No.: 79.9 C122
Synthetic mulches of weed control.
Elmore, C.L.
Fremont, Calif. : California Weed Conference; 1991.
Proceedings - California Weed Conference (43rd): p. 64-69;
1991. Meeting held
January 21-23, 1991, Santa Barbara, California. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cultural weed control; Mulches
200 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16
Tillage and rotation influences on weed community composition
in wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.) in southwestern Saskatchewan.
Hume, L.; Tessier, S.; Dyck, F.B.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1991 Jul.
Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de
phytotechnie v. 71 (3): p. 783-789; 1991 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Triticum aestivum; Setaria viridis;
Hordeum
jubatum; Weed associations; Crop weed competition; Tillage;
Rotation; Cultural
weed control
201 NAL Call. No.: 75.8 P842
Timing of herbicide application and potato hilling.
Renner, K.A.
Orono, Me. : Potato Association of America; 1992 Mar.
American potato journal v. 69 (3): p. 167-177; 1992 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Michigan; Solanum tuberosum; Weed control;
Chemical control; Metribuzin; Eptc; Metolachlor; Linuron;
Herbicide mixtures; Sethoxydim; Oils; Application rates;
Application date; Timing; Cultural weed control; Hilling;
Cultivars; Crop weed competition; Varietal reactions
202 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.S86S8
Towards promoting sustainable agriculture in Sub-Saharan
Africa: the case of
manual versus chemical weed control among small-holders in
Bauchi State of
Nigeria.
Eziakor, I.G.
Binghamton, N.Y. : Food Products Press; 1992.
Journal of sustainable agriculture v. 3 (1): p. 65-80; 1992.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nigeria; Traditional farming; Tropics; Weed
control; Chemical
control; Manual weed control; Comparisons; Sustainability
203 NAL Call. No.: 100 F663
Transplanting lettuce in a weedy field culture system using
five weed
suppressing treatments and their effect on yields and quality
of crisphead
lettuce.
Guzman, V.L.
Belle Glade, Fla. : The Center; 1993 Feb.
Belle Glade EREC research report EV - Florida University
Agricultural Research
and Education Center (1993-2): p. 25-31; 1993 Feb. Paper
presented at the
Lettuce Research Workshop, February 4, 1993, Belle Glade,
Florida.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Lactuca sativa; Transplanting; Weeds;
Weed control; Herbicides; Crop yield; Crop quality; Manual
weed control
204 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 W27Pn
Tuber oatgrass--Arrhenatherum elatius L. Presl. var. bulbosum
(Willd).
Spenner.
Fitzsimmons, J.P.; Burrill, L.C.
Corvallis, Or. : Washington, Oregon, and Idaho State
Universities, Cooperative
Extension Service; 1993 Mar.
PNW (445): 2 p.; 1993 Mar.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arrhenatherum elatius subsp. bulbosum;
Identification; Chemical
vs. cultural weed control
205 NAL Call. No.: 80 AC82
The use of black plastic mulch and ridges in the production of
herbicide free
herbs.
Galambosi, B.; Szebeni-Galambosi, Z.
Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science;
1992 May.
Acta horticulturae (306): p. 353-356; 1992 May. Paper
presented at the
International Symposium on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants,
September 4-6, 1990, Budapest, Hungary and at the XXIIIrd
International Horticultural Congress, August, 1990, Florence,
Italy. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Finland; Medicinal plants; Weed control; Plastic
film; Ridges; Crop yield
206 NAL Call. No.: SB599.C8
Use of tillage to control Cynodon dactylon under small-scale
farming
conditions.
Phillips, M.C.
Oxford : Butterworths-Heinemann Ltd; 1993 Jun.
Crop protection v. 12 (4): p. 267-272; 1993 Jun. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Botswana; Cabt; Sorghum; Cynodon dactylon;
Regrowth; Plowing; Frequency; Winter; Spring; Tillage; Crop
yield; Stover; Grain; Residual
effects; Weed control; Cultural control
207 NAL Call. No.: SB950.A1C62
Using animals for weed management.
Olkowski, H.; Olkowski, W.
Berkeley, CA : Bio Integral Resource Center, c1984-; 1992.
Common sense pest control quarterly v. 8 (2): p. 5-13; 1992.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Cabt; Weed control; Fowls; Geese; Sheep;
Donkeys; Firebreaks; Animal husbandry; Feeds; Animal manures;
Centaurea solstitialis; Electric fences; Fencing; Sheep dogs
208 NAL Call. No.: 442.8 Z8
Variation within flax (Linum usitatissimum) and barley
(Hordeum vulgare) in
response to allelopathic chemicals.
Ray, H.; Hastings, P.J.
Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer International; 1992.
Theoretical and applied genetics v. 84 (3/4): p. 460-465;
1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Hordeum vulgare; Linum usitatissimum; Avena
fatua; Linum; Genetic
variation; Cultivars; Tolerance; Allelopathins; Allelopathy;
P-coumaric acid; Shoots; Roots; Growth; Phenolic acids; Plant
extracts
Abstract: A possible method of manipulating allelopathy would
be to develop crop varieties showing an increased tolerance to
allelopathic chemicals. We therefore examined four flax (Linum
usitatissimum) varieties and two wild Linum species in the
presence of p-coumaric acid and four barley (Hordeum vulgare)
varieties in the presence of p-coumaric acid, scopoletin and
wild oat (Avena fatua) extract. Analysis of variance indicates
significant interaction between variety and treatment for
shoot and root growth for seedling flax, shoot growth for
older flax, and root growth for seedling barley. These
differences in tolerance between varieties could be exploited
to develop varieties with greater tolerances to the
allelochemicals produced by weeds or in crop residues and
therefore potentially more tolerant of the presence of weeds.
209 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82
Vegetation changes following brush control in creosotebush
communities.
Morton, H.L.; Melgoza, A.
Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1991 Mar.
Journal of range management v. 44 (2): p. 133-139; 1991 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arizona; Mexico; Larrea tridentata; Brush
control; Deserts; Tebuthiuron; Manual weed control; Tillage;
Grasses; Plant density; Botanical
composition; Shrubs; Canopy; Desert plants; Discing
Abstract: Changes in herbaceous plant density and canopy
cover of creosotebush (Larrea tridentata Sesse & Moc. ex DC)
and associated shrubs following brush control treatments were
measured in Sonoran and Chihuahuan Desert communities.
Treatments were applied in 2 successive years st the Santa
Rita Experimental range, Arizona, and 3 locations in
Chihuahua, Mexico. Across all locations and years 1.5 kg/ha
tebuthiuron (N-[5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl]-
N,N'-dimethylurea) > 1.0 kg/ha tebuthiuron= disking = disking
with furrowing >2-way railing >0.5 kg/ha tebuthiuron > land
imprinting in reducing canopy cover of creosotebush and
associated shrubs. At the Santa Rita Experimental Range annual
precipitation was above long-term mean in 1982, 1983, 1984,
and 1985; and grass density increased on all treated and
untreated plots. Annual precipitation was below long-term mean
during 1986 and 1987 and grass density decreased on both
treated and untreated plots but did not decrease to pre-
treatment densities. Forb densities were less than 3 plants/m2
throughout the study, except in 1987 when Russian thistle
(Salsola iberica Sennen & Pau) increased on all plots. At the
Chihuahuan locations, grass densities usually increased during
the first year of the study, but very low precipitation
throughout the study caused subsequent reductions in grass and
forb densities. In dry years brush control treatments did not
increase herbaceous plant density.
210 NAL Call. No.: 79.9 C122
Vegetation management in table grapes.
Jehle, M.
Fremont, Calif. : California Weed Conference; 1992.
Proceedings - California Weed Conference (44th): p. 197-199;
1992. Paper
presented at the meeting on "Many Benefits of Weed Control,"
January 20-22, 1992, Sacramento, California.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Vitis; Weeds; Weed control;
Herbicides; Cultural weed
control
211 NAL Call. No.: 60.18 J82
Vegetation responses to 2 brush management practices in south
Texas.
Bozzo, J.A.; Beasom, S.L.; Fulbright, T.E.
Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1992 Mar.
Journal of range management v. 45 (2): p. 170-175; 1992 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Brush control; Rangelands; Acacia
berlandieri; Acacia
rigidula; Aloysia lycioides; Habitats; Wildlife; Odocoileus
Virginianus; Discing; Vegetation management
Abstract: Brush management for improving wildlife habitat in
South Texas is important because of the economic value of
wildlife. We determined vegetation responses to (1) roller
chopping of guajillo (Acacia berlandieri Benth.)-blackbrush
acacia (A. rigidula Benth.)-dominated rangeland and (2) heavy
discing of whitebrush (Aloysia lycioides Cham.)-dominated
rangeland to improve white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus
Raf.) habitat. Canopy cover of vegetation was estimated
seasonally during August 1988 to April 1990. Both treatments
reduced brush canopy cover, but herbaceous response depended
on rainfall. Mean herbaceous cover was 65 and 136% higher on
roller chopped sites than on untreated sites when averaged
across all sampling dates. Heavy discing reduced relative
canopy cover of whitebrush but increased cover of spiny
hackberry (Celtis pallida Torr.), an important browse species.
Forb species richness was higher on roller chopped and disced
sites than on untreated sites, but species diversity was
similar. Because herbaceous response to brush removal may
depend on rainfall, other factors such as effects on browse
availability and nutritional quality may need to be considered
when planning brush management strategies to improve white-
tailed deer habitat.
212 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 W27PN
Velvetleaf: (Abutilon theophrasti Medic.).
Roche, C.
Corvallis, Or. : The Service; 1991 Jun.
PNW - Pacific Northwest Extension Publication, Washington,
Oregon, and Idaho
State Universities, Cooperative Extension Service (368): 2 p.;
1991 Jun. In
subseries: Weeds.
Language: English
Descriptors: Idaho; Washington; Oregon; Abutilon theophrasti;
Manual weed
control
213 NAL Call. No.: 1.98 AG84
Victims no one mourns.
Hays, S.M.
Washington, D.C. : The Service; 1992 Feb.
Agricultural research - U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Agricultural Research
Service v. 40 (2): p. 10-11; 1992 Feb.
Language: English
Descriptors: Weed control; Aquatic weeds; Allelopathy;
Biological control
214 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.O74
Visual guide to weeds & volunteers.
Jesiolowski, J.
Emmaus, PA : Rodale Press, c1988-; 1994 Apr.
Organic gardening v. 41 (4): p. 28-30, 32-36; 1994 Apr.
Language: English
Descriptors: Weeds; Identification; Weed control; Cultural
control; Domestic
gardens
215 NAL Call. No.: SF85.A1R32
Warm-season grasses in the Northern Great Plains.
Tober, D.A.; Chamrad, A.D.
Denver, Colo. : Society for Range Management; 1992 Aug.
Rangelands v. 14 (4): p. 227-230; 1992 Aug.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Dakota; South Dakota; Minnesota; Nebraska;
Manitoba; Gramineae; Cultivars; Rangelands; Summer; Prescribed
burning; Revegetation; Seed drills; Weed control; Field tests;
Grazing; Plant communities; Wildlife
216 NAL Call. No.: 79.9 C122
Water savings and weed control with mulches and plastics.
Elmore, C.L.; Tafoya, S.M.
Fremont, Calif. : California Weed Conference; 1993.
Proceedings / (45th): p. 147-154; 1993. Paper presented at
the Conference on
"Weeds and People, Putting Weed Management in Perspective,"
January 18-20, 1993, Costa Mesa, California. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cultural weed control; Mulches; Plastic film;
Water conservation; Soil water content
217 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Weed and corn (Zea mays) responses to a hairy vetch (Vicia
villosa) cover
crop.
Hoffman, M.L.; Regnier, E.E.; Cardina, J.
Champaign, Ill. : The Weed Science Society of America; 1993
Jul. Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society
of America v. 7 (3): p. 594-599; 1993 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ohio; Cabt; Zea mays; No-tillage; Cover crops;
Vicia villosa; Cultural weed control; Alternative farming; Low
input agriculture; Glyphosate; Application rates; Efficacy;
Chenopodium album; Competitive ability; Crop
yield; Yield losses; Sowing date
218 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 AL13P
Weed control in cole crops, carrots, lettuce, and peas for
1991. Fairbanks, Alaska : The Service; 1991 Jul.
Publication - University of Alaska, Cooperative Extension
Service v.): 7 p.; 1991 Jul.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alaska; Brassica; Daucus carota; Lactuca sativa;
Pisum sativum; Weed control; Herbicides; Cultural control
219 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.A2C47
Weed control in home gardens.
Everest, J.W.; Williams, J.D.
Auburn, Ala. : The Service; 1992 Feb.
Circular ANR - Alabama Cooperative Extension Service, Auburn
University (322): 4 p.; 1992 Feb. In subseries: Agronomy.
Language: English
Descriptors: Domestic gardens; Weed control; Mulching;
Herbicides; Weeds
220 NAL Call. No.: QH301.A76
Weed control in linseed: a review.
Lutman, P.J.W.
Wellesbourne, Warwick : The Association of Applied Biologists;
1991.
Aspects of applied biology (28): p. 137-144; 1991. In the
series analytic: Production and protection of linseed /
edited by R.J.
Froud-Williams, P.
Gladders, M.C. Heath, J.F. Jenkyn, C.M. Knott, A. Lane, and D.
Pink.
Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Linum usitatissimum; Weeds; Chemical vs. cultural
weed control; Crop weed competition; Herbicides; Literature
reviews
221 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N9C46
Weed control in North Dakota turfgrasses.
Smith, R.C.; Zollinger, R.
Fargo, N.D. : The University; 1991 Mar.
NDSU Extension Service [publication] - North Dakota State
University (H-1009): 4 p.; 1991 Mar.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Dakota; Lawns and turf; Weed control;
Cultural control; Herbicides; Weeds
222 NAL Call. No.: ViBlbVLD5655.V855 1992.V364
Weed control in no-till corn as affected by cultivation,
herbicide banding, and cover crop suppression.
VanLieshout, Lawrence Anthony, 1992; 1992.
xii, 142 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm. Vita. Abstract.
Bibliography: leaves 133-141.
Language: English
Descriptors: Corn; No-tillage
223 NAL Call. No.: SB950.3.A8P535
Weed control in pastures--are we winning?.
Campbell, M.H.
Victoria : R.G. Richardson; 1991.
Plant protection quarterly v. 6 (2): p. 55-63; 1991.
Literature review.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Australia; Range pastures; Weeds; Introduced
species; Quarantine; Infestation; Geographical distribution;
Cost benefit analysis; Weed control; Grazing; Biological
control; Burning; Cultural weed control; Chemical control;
Literature reviews
224 NAL Call. No.: 79.9 C122
Weed control in small grains.
Wright, S.D.
Fremont, Calif. : California Weed Conference; 1993.
Proceedings / (45th): p. 88-92; 1993. Paper presented at the
Conference on
"Weeds and People, Putting Weed Management in Perspective,"
January 18-20, 1993, Costa Mesa, California. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Cabt; Cereals; Grain crops; Weed
control; Chemical
control; Cultural weed control
225 NAL Call. No.: SB610.2.B74
Weed control in the developed world without chemicals:
implications for
agriculture, agriculture-related industries and consumers.
Askew, M.F.
Surrey : BCPC Registered Office; 1991.
Brighton Crop Protection Conference-Weeds v. 2: p. 775-788;
1991. Conference
held November 18-21, 1991, Brighton, England. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Weed control; Herbicides; Cultural weed control;
Crop production
226 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N7A4
Weed control must suit orchard situation.
Stiles, W.C.
Middletown, N.Y. : Cornell Cooperative Ext.--Orange County
Agriculture
Program, Education Center; 1991 Apr.
Agfocus : publication of Cornell Cooperative Extension--Orange
County. p. 12; 1991 Apr.
Language: English
Descriptors: Orchards; Tree fruits; Weed control; Manual weed
control; Mulching; Mowing; Herbicides
227 NAL Call. No.: SB317.5.L65
Weed control strategies: mulches.
Der, J.
Riverhead, N.Y. : Cornell Cooperative Extension; 1991 Feb.
Long Island horticulture news. p. 3; 1991 Feb. Special
landscape insert, page
3.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cultural weed control; Mulching
228 NAL Call. No.: 100 AR42F
Weed control with crop allelopathy.
Dilday, R.H.; Frans, R.E.; Semidey, N.; Smith, R.J.; Oliver,
L.R. Fayetteville, Ark. : The Station; 1992 Jul.
Arkansas farm research - Arkansas Agricultural Experiment
Station v. 41 (4): p. 14-15; 1992 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oryza sativa; Helianthus annuus; Gossypium
hirsutum; Glycine max; Weed control; Allelopathy; Crop yield
229 NAL Call. No.: SB321.G85
Weed IPM in sweet corn.
Ashley, R.A.
Storrs, Conn. : Coop. Ext. Serv., USDA, College of Agriculture
& Natural
Resources, Univ. of Conn; 1992 Apr.
The Grower : vegetable and small fruit newsletter v. 92 (4):
p. 4; 1992 Apr.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Weed control; Integrated pest
management; Herbicides; Cultural control; Row spacing;
Nitrogen
230 NAL Call. No.: 64.8 C883
Weed management and tall fescue quality as influenced by
mowing, nitrogen, and
herbicides.
Dernoeden, P.H.; Carroll, M.J.; Krouse, J.M.
Madison, Wis. : Crop Science Society of America, 1961-; 1993
Sep. Crop science v. 33 (5): p. 1055-1061; 1993 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Maryland; Cabt; Festuca arundinacea; Lawns and
turf; Nitrogen
fertilizers; Application rates; Fenoxaprop; Pyridine
herbicides; Pendimethalin; Weed control; Digitaria ischaemum;
Trifolium repens; Crop
quality; Chemical control; Cultural weed control; Mowing;
Height; Chemical vs.
cultural weed control
Abstract: A 3-yr field study was conducted to determine the
influence of N level (98 and 196 kg ha-1 yr-1), mowing height
(3.2, 5.5, and 8.8 cm), and three herbicides on weed
encroachment and overall quality of tall fescue Festuca
arundinacea Schreb. cv. Rebel II. The major objective of this
study was to identify cultural methods of excluding weed
development in tall fescue. Dithiopyr [3,5-
pyridinedicarbothioic acid, 2-(difluoromethyl)-4-(2-
methylpropyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)-S ,S-dimeth- ylester] and
pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3, 4-dimethyl-2,6-
dinitrobenzenamine] were applied preemergence for smooth
crabgrass [Digitaria ischaemum (Schreber) Schreber ex
Muhlenb.] control, and fenoxaprop [(+/-)-2-[4-[(6-chloro-2-
benzoxazolyl)oxy]- phenoxy]propanoic acid] was applied
postemergence for crabgrass control. Rates of dithiopyr and
pendimethalin were reduced or eliminated on selected plots in
the last 2 yr of the study to determine if reduced herbicide
inputs would continue to provide effective crabgrass control.
Tall fescue mowed at 8.8 cm resisted smooth crabgrass
invasion, exhibited best visual summer turf quality in 1990
and 1991, had poorest winter turf quality, and had highest
white clover (Trifolium repens L.) populations. Other
environmental factors and lower mowing height (3.2 or 5.5 cm)
reduced summer turf quality in 1990 and 1991. High N improved
fall and winter turf quality, but not summer quality.
Nonherbicide-treated plots receiving high N had less smooth
crabgrass than low N plots, but high N provided no additional
crabgrass reduction in herbicide-treated plots. High mowing
(8.8 cm) was the best cultural management strategy for
reducing smooth crabgrass encroachment and maintaining tall
fescue cover. Results indicated that smooth crabgrass control
with label use rates of herbicides was warranted when mowing
tall fescue at 3.2 or 5.5 cm.
231 NAL Call. No.: 26 T754
Weed management in a low-input cropping system in the Peruvian
Amazon region.
Mt Pleasant, J.; McCollum, R.E.; Coble, H.D.
London : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Jul.
Tropical agriculture v. 69 (3): p. 250-259; 1992 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Peru; Oryza sativa; Vigna unguiculata; Weed
control; Cultural
control; Cropping systems; Herbicides; Mulches; Plant density;
Tillage
232 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 IO9PA
Weed management in conservation tillage.
Hartzler, R.G.; Owen, M.D.K.
Ames, Iowa : The Service; 1993 Feb.
PM - Iowa State University, Cooperative Extension Service v.):
4 p.; 1993 Feb.
Language: English
Descriptors: Conservation tillage; No-tillage; Herbicides;
Cultural weed
control
233 NAL Call. No.: SB321.G85
Weed management in day-neutrals.
Bonanno, A.R.
Storrs, Conn. : Coop. Ext. Serv., USDA, College of Agriculture
& Natural
Resources, Univ. of Conn; 1992 Jun.
The Grower : vegetable and small fruit newsletter v. 92 (6):
p. 7-8; 1992 Jun.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Fragaria vesca; Weed control; Herbicides;
Cultivation; Cultural
control; Regulations
234 NAL Call. No.: SB950.A1P3
Weed problems in wheat and their control in the Indian
subcontinent.
Mustafee, T.P.
London : Taylor & Francis; 1991 Jul.
Tropical pest management v. 37 (3): p. 245-251; 1991 Jul.
Literature review.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: India; Triticum aestivum; Weeds; Weed
competition; Crop weed
competition; Manual weed control; Weeding; Cultural weed
control; Minimum
tillage; Herbicides; Herbicide mixtures; Chemical control;
Literature reviews
235 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Weed science--the step child.
Burnside, O.C.
Champaign, Ill. : The Weed Science Society of America; 1993
Apr. Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society
of America v. 7 (2): p. 515-518; 1993 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Cabt; Weed control; Weeds; Agricultural
sciences; Integrated control; Cultural weed control;
Biological control; Chemical
control; Crop production; Trends; History
236 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W41
Weed seedbank response to tillage, herbicides, and crop
rotation sequence.
Ball, D.A.
Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1992.
Weed science v. 40 (4): p. 654-659; 1992. Paper presented at
the "Symposium
on crop/weed management and the dynamics of weed seedbanks,"
February 11, 1992, Orlando, Florida. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Phaseolus vulgaris; Beta vulgaris; Weed
biology; Weed
control; Chemical control; Herbicides; Seed banks; Plowing;
No-tillage; Conservation tillage; Population dynamics;
Cropping systems; Models
Abstract: Changes in the weed seedbank due to crop production
practices are an important determinant of subsequent weed
problems. Research was conducted to evaluate effects of
primary tillage (moldboard plowing and chisel plowing),
secondary tillage (row cultivation), and herbicides on weed
species changes in the soil seedbank in three irrigated row
crop rotational sequences over a 3-yr period. The cropping
sequences consisted of continuous corn for 3 yr, continuous
pinto beans for 3 yr, or sugarbeets for 2 yr followed by corn
in the third year. Cropping sequence was the most dominant
factor influencing species composition in the seedbank. This
was partly due to herbicide use in each cropping sequence
producing a shift in the weed seedbank in favor of species
less susceptible to applied herbicides. A comparison between
moldboard and chisel plowing indicated that weed seed of
predominant species were more prevalent near the soil surface
after chisel plowing. The number of predominant annual weed
seed over the 3-yr period increased more rapidly in the
seedbank after chisel plowing compared to moldboard plowing
unless effective weed control could be maintained to produce a
decline in seedbank number. In this case, seedbank decline was
generally more rapid after moldboard plowing. Row cultivation
generally reduced seedbanks of most species compared to
uncultivated plots in the pinto bean and sugarbeet sequences.
A simple model was developed to validate the observation that
rate of change in the weed seedbank is influenced by type of
tillage and weed control effectiveness.
237 NAL Call. No.: S1.N32
Weeder geese boost berry profits $222/A: unlike herbicides,
they don't leach, drift or worry consumers.
Cramer, C.
Emmaus, Pa. : Rodale Institute; 1992 May.
The New farm v. 14 (4): p. 38-40; 1992 May.
Language: English
Descriptors: Strawberries; Weed control; Biological control;
Geese
238 NAL Call. No.: S544.5.A17W74
Weeds.
Parker, R.; Krall, J.
S.l. : Cooperative Extension, Washington State University,
etc. :.; 1991 Jun.
WREP - Western Region Extension Publication - Cooperative
Extension Service
v.): 20 p.; 1991 Jun. In the series analytic: Alfalfa seed
production and
pest management.
Language: English
Descriptors: Medicago sativa; Seed production; Weed control;
Seeds; Cultural
weed control; Herbicides
239 NAL Call. No.: S1.N32
What goes a-roundup, comes a-roundup.
Logsdon, G.
Emmaus, Pa. : Rodale Institute; 1992 Mar.
The New farm v. 14 (3): p. 42-45, 56; 1992 Mar.
Language: English
Descriptors: Herbicides; Chemical vs. cultural weed control
240 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 W27Pn
Wild carrot--Daucus carota L.
Fitzsimmons, J.P.; Burrill, L.C.
Corvallis, Or. : Washington, Oregon, and Idaho State
Universities, Cooperative
Extension Service; 1993 Mar.
PNW (447): 2 p.; 1993 Mar. In subseries: Weeds.
Language: English
Descriptors: Daucus carota; Identification; Chemical vs.
cultural weed control
241 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 W27Pn
Wild garlic--Allium vineale L.
Fitzsimmons, J.P.; Burrill, L.C.
Corvallis, Or. : Washington, Oregon, and Idaho State
Universities, Cooperative
Extension Service; 1993 Mar.
PNW (444): 2 p.; 1993 Mar. In subseries: Weeds.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oregon; Cabt; Allium vineale; Weeds; Chemical vs.
cultural weed
control
Author Index
Abrahamson, L.P. 37
Agamalian, H. 173
Agboola, A.A. 191
Agnew, N.H. 122
Al-Masoom, A.A. 183
Aldrich-Markham, S. 20
Ambassa-Kiki, R. 69
Ambe, J.T. 191
Anderson, G.W. 16, 115
Anderson, R.L. 45, 89, 118, 121
Anderson, V.J. 24
Ansley, R.J. 103
Appleby, A.P. 177
Ashley, R.A. 229
Askew, M.F. 225
Bagnall, L.O. 127
Ball, D.A. 47, 236
Barker, A.V. 108
Barton, D.L. 113
Bauer, T. 175
Beasom, S.L. 211
Beck, R.F. 159
Bell, C.E. 144, 182, 184
Bellinder, R.R. 95
Below, F.E. 44
Bendixen, W.E. 118
Bengston, R.L. 77
Beste, C.E. 169
Bicki, T.J. 84
Bidwell, T.G. 13
Bilderback, T.E. 135
Blackshaw, R.E. 185
Blankenhorn, P.R. 4
Blum, U. 5, 152
Boggs, J.F. 165
Bollich, P.K. 77
Bonanno, A.R. 233
Bowersox, T.W. 4
Boyd, J. 133
Bozzo, J.A. 211
Brede, A.D. 49, 91
Brewster, B.D. 177
Brooks, C. 54
Brown, S.M. 155
Browne, J. 30
Buhler, D.D. 26, 71, 79, 112
Burnside, O.C. 10, 235
Burrill, L.C. 27, 160, 187, 206, 204, 213, 240, 214, 241
Butt, C.A. 75
Campbell, C.G. 32
Campbell, M.H. 223
Cantliffe, D.J. 151
Cardina, J. 217
Carnegie, H. 166
Carroll, M.J. 230
Chamrad, A.D. 215
Chase, W.R. 2
Chen, P. 54
Child, L.E. 33
Coble, H.D. 139, 231
Colvin, D.L. 39
Craker, L.E. 108
Cramer, C. 237
Crawford, S.H. 39
Creager, R.A. 176
Cudney, D. 173
Cudney, D.W. 35, 111
Curley, R. 54
Daar, S. 52, 156
Dakshini, K.M.M. 98
Dalla-Tea, F. 141
Davies, D.H.K. 166
De Wall, L.C. 33
DeFelice, M.S. 41
DeGregorio, R. 30
Der, J. 227
Dernoeden, P.H. 230
Derr, J.F. 164
Deziel, G. 30
Dilday, R.H. 228
Doll, J. 175
Doll, J.D. 79, 114
Dowling, P.M. 105
Du Preez, C.C. 125
Duke, S.O. 140
Dyck, E. 46
Dyck, F.B. 200
Eadie, A.G. 16, 115
Eidman V.R. 90
El-Ghareeb, R.M. 196
Elliot, P.C. 85, 107
Elmore, C. 173
Elmore, C.L. 150, 199, 216
Enache, A.J. 193
Engle, D.M. 13, 82, 96, 165, 168
Eradat-Oskoui, K. 12
Everest, J.W. 219
Eziakor, I.G. 202
Ezueh, M.I. 157
Fawcett, R.S. 146
Feagley, S.E. 77
Fernandez-Quintanilla, C. 188
Firbank, L.G. 117
Fitzgerald, S.M. 15
Fitzsimmons, J.P. 27, 160, 187, 206, 204, 213, 240, 214, 241
Forcella, F. 12, 65
Foreback, C.G. 37
Foster, G. 22
Frans, R.E. 228
Freed, H.D. 37
Fulbright, T.E. 211
Gacheru, E.N. 63
Galambosi, B. 205
Gallagher, J.E. 119
Garcia, E.L. 174
Geddes, P.S. 3
Gerig, T.M. 5, 152
Ghosh, D.C. 61
Gibbens, R.P. 159
Gillen, R.L. 14, 154
Gilliam, C.H. 83, 93, 123
Giraud, D.D. 150
Gliessman, S. 74
Goff, W.D. 148
Gonzalez, M.P. 163
Gonzalez-Andujar, J.L. 188
Goodman, W.R. 97
Grattan, S.R. 145
Grossman, J. 21
Grubinger, V. 36
Gunsolus, J.L. 26, 112
Gusta, L.V. 29
Guzman, V.L. 203
Gwynne, D. 166
Haferkamp, M.R. 75
Hahn, S.K. 191
Hall, E.M. 146
Handley, D. 143
Hanson, P.M. 59
Harrison, H.F. Jr 56, 86, 120
Hartin, J.S. 72
Hartzler, R.G. 138, 146, 232
Hastings, P.J. 208
Hawton, D. 28
Hays, S.M. 213
Haywood, J.D. 137
Helsel, Z.R. 41
Henry, P.H. 135
Herbel, C.H. 159
Hoffman, M.L. 217
Hogan, M.E. 68
Holappa, L.D. 5
Howitt, C.J. 28
Hume, L. 200
Ilnicki, R.D. 193
Inderjit 98
Ingram, K.T. 43
Itani, S. 183
Jacoby, P.W. 103
Jehle, M. 210
Jesiolowski, J. 17, 99, 195, 214
Jobidon, R. 186
Johnson, G.A. 41
Johnson, I.D.G. 28
Johnson, M.M. 10
Jokela, E.J. 141
Jordan, N. 181
Joshi, S. 19
Kahn, B.A. 58
Kamau, G.M. 63
Kay, S.H. 101
Kells, J.J. 149
Kempen, H.M. 142, 163, 173
Kennett, G.A. 75
King, L.D. 5, 152
Klaij, M.C. 78
Klein, K. 152
Koscelny, J.A. 178
Krall, J. 238
Krause, N.H. 10
Krouse, J.M. 230
Kulbeth, J.D. 96
Lacey, J.R. 75
Land Stewardship Project (U.S.) 128
Lanfranconi, L.E. 95
Lanini, T. 118
Lanini, W. 60
Lanini, W.T. 126, 145
Le Blanc, J.P.R. 3
Le Strange, M. 60
Leap, L.E. 48
Leslie, D.M. Jr 165
LeStrange, M. 126
Levett, M.P. 80
Levine, E. 70
Liebl, R. 66
Liebman, M. 46
Linscombe, S.D. 77
Lochmiller, R.L. 165
Logsdon, G. 239
Lord, W. 143
Lovett, J.V. 23
Lutman, P.J.W. 220
Lydon, J. 140
Lym, R.G. 88
Lyu, S.W. 152
Macdonald, I.A.W. 53
MacLean, J.T. 50
Majek, B.A. 179
Mallik, A.U. 51
Manners, G.D. 68
Marble, V.L. 145
Martin, C.A. 83, 123
Marutani, M. 57
Masiunas, J.B. 73
Masters, R.A. 92
McCarty, L.B. 94
McCloskey, M. 117
McCollum, F.T. 168
McCollum, R.E. 231
McCue, J.J. 109
McMullan, P.M. 62
McMurry, S.T. 165
McNeely, R.P. 159
Meagher, R.L. Jr 198
Meissner, R. 7
Melgoza, A. 209
Merwin, I. 134
Messersmith, C.G. 88
Mester, T.C. 71
Meyer, J.R. 198
Miller, S.D. 47
Mirchell, R.B. 92
Mishra, S.K. 2
Mohler, C.L. 124, 131
Moody, K. 43, 85, 107
Moore, K.J. 92
Morton, H.L. 209
Mt Pleasant, J. 231
Mueller, T.C. 40
Mulder, T.A. 114
Muller-Scharer, H. 42
Mumera, L.M. 44
Muner, D. 163
Muniappan, R. 57
Munn, D.A. 31
Murdock, E.C. 38
Mustafee, T.P. 234
Nair, M.G. 2
Neary, P.E. 179
Nel, P.C. 7
Neuhauser, E.F. 37
Ngongang, J.C. 69
Nicholson, K.S. 167
Nicol, H.I. 105
Noll, J. 62
Norris, N.E. 97
Nowak, C.A. 37
O'Connor, B.J. 29
O'Neil, M.K. 63
Odhiambo, G.D. 63
Ogg, A.G. Jr 34
Oliver, L.R. 228
Olkowski, H. 207
Olkowski, W. 207
Olson, K.D. 90
Olson-Rutz, K.M. 75
Ong, C.K. 192
Orloff, S.B. 35, 111, 145
Ormeno-Nunez, J. 55
Orr, J.P. 145
Orson, J.H. 197
Owen, M.D.K. 138, 232
Pablico, P.P. 43
Palmer, H.E. 166
Palmer, J.P. 33
Paquette, S.P. 29
Parker, C. 158
Parker, R. 238
Patterson, M.G. 39, 97, 148
Peeper, T.F. 178
Perez, F.J. 55
Peters, S. 1
Peterson, J.K. 56, 86, 120
Petrell, R.J. 127
Phillips, M.C. 206
Philp, B. 190
Pleasant, J.M. 172
Ponder, H.G. 83, 123
Poston, D.H. 38
Potter, C.A. 42
Potts, W.E. 169
Powell, M.A. 135
Pullen, D. 129
Pushpalatha, N.A. 189
Putnam, A.R. 2
Rahman, A. 104
Rakow, D.A. 136
Ralston, D.F. 26, 112
Ramakrishna, A. 192
Rasmussen, J. 130, 147
Ray, H. 208
Reddy, K.C. 78
Reddy, S.L.N. 192
Reeder, J.A. 93
Regnier, E.E. 217
Reinhardt, C.F. 7
Reints, J.S. 111
Renard, C. 78
Renner, K.A. 201
Resina, C. 180
Ricotta, J.A. 73
Ristau, E.A. 10
Roche, C. 212
Rollins, D. 13, 14
Roncoroni, J.A. 150
Rule, J.S. 67
Saghir, A.R. 183
Saha, H.M. 63
Salvo, S.K. 198
Schatzer, R.J. 58
Schonbeck, M. 30
Schreiber, M.M. 106
Schumann, A.W. 102
Schupp, J.R. 109
Semidey, N. 228
Shafii, B. 113
Shaheen, S.B. 37
Sharaiha, R. 74
Shaw, J.E. 16, 115
Shaw, M.G. 76
Sigua, G.C. 77
Simmons, F.W. 66
Simpton, C.S. 162
Sindel, B.M. 170
Singh, A. 194
Singh, D.V. 194
Singh, K. 194
Singh, R.S. 61
Siopongco, J.D.L.C. 43
Sipp, S.K. 84
Skeen, J.E. 76
Skinner, C.N. 162
Skroch, W.A. 135
Slaughter, D.C. 54
Smerage, G.H. 127
Smith, A.E. 9
Smith, L.M. 59
Smith, R.C. 221
Smith, R.J. 228
Snipes, C.E. 25, 39, 40
Solie, J.B. 178
Solomon, S.G. Jr 178
Spurlock, S.R. 25
Srikanth, J. 189
Stanley, D. 132
Staver, C. 171
Stevens, C.H. 37
Stevens, K.L. 8
Stigliani, L. 180
Stiles, W.C. 226
Stoller, E.W. 66
Stoltenberg, D.E. 146
Stover, L.R. 4
Strauss, C.H. 4
Stritzke, J.F. 13, 14, 82, 168
Swanton, C.J. 16, 115
Szebeni-Galambosi, Z. 205
Tafoya, S.M. 216
Talbot, M. 166
Tanaka, D.L. 89
Tanner, G.W. 15
Tariah, N.M. 81
Teasdale, J.R. 116, 124, 161, 169
Tesoriero, L.A. 105
Tessier, S. 200
Thackston, R.E. 76
Therrien, M.C. 62
Thill, D.C. 113
Thomas, W. 60
Thompson, M.W. 76
Thompson, R.M. 24
Tiley, G.E.D. 190
Tober, D.A. 215
Toler, J.E. 38
Townsend, G.M. 197
Trevino, B.A. 103
Tromble, J.M. 174
Umber, R.W. 76
Van Kooten, B.D. 146
VanLieshout, Lawrence Anthony, 222
Vargas, R.N. 145
Visser, P.L. 78
Wade, P.M. 33
Wagner, S.W. 12
Wall, D.A. 32
Wallace, R.W. 95
Waller, S.S. 92
Wardle, D.A. 104, 167
Warnes, D.D. 65
Watkinson, A.R. 117
Watson, R.N. 167
Wax, L.M. 66, 84
Weatherspoon, C.P. 162
Weaver, C.A. 87
Weaver, S.E. 11
Webster, W.B. 97
Wehtje, G.R. 93
Wentworth, T.R. 152
West, M.S. 148
Westgate, M.E. 65
Wiens, M.J. 10
Williams, J.D. 219
Wilmanns, O. 153
Wilson, R.G. 64
Wiltshire, G.H. 125
Wissel, C. 53
Wong, P.T.W. 105
Wood, M.K. 174
Worsham, A.D. 5, 6, 152
Wright, E. 197
Wright, S.D. 224
Yeates, G.W. 167
Yelverton, F.H. 139
Yenish, J.P. 79
Youngquist, J.A. 137
Yule, W.N. 3
Zehr, E.I. 198
Zimdahl, R.L. 22
Zollinger, R. 221
Zollinger, R.K. 149
Zuofa, K. 81
Subject Index
2,4-d 22, 37, 88, 119, 194
Abutilon theophrasti 56, 66, 116, 181, 212
Acacia berlandieri 211
Acacia rigidula 211
Acacia saligna 53
Acifluorfen 93
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus 2
Aegilops cylindrica 45, 118, 121, 118, 121
Aesthetic value 135
Age of trees 96
Ageratum conyzoides 69
Agricultural policy 90
Agricultural sciences 235
Agricultural soils 125
Agrostis stolonifera var. palustris 91
Air pollution 197
Alabama 39, 97, 148
Alachlor 38, 112
Alaska 218
Alberta 185
Algae 133
Allelochemicals 2, 23
Allelopathins 56, 208
Allelopathy 2, 5, 6, 7, 9, 19, 21, 23, 45, 46, 55, 56, 68, 86,
91, 98, 104, 106, 116, 120, 140, 152, 186, 189, 196, 208, 213,
228
Allium porrum 42
Allium sativum 183
Allium vineale 214, 241, 214, 241
Alopecurus myosuroides 20, 67
Aloysia lycioides 211
Alpha-amylase 62
Alpha-glucosidase 62
Alternative farming 21, 23, 193, 195, 217
Amaranthus 83
Amaranthus hybridus 66, 84
Amaranthus retroflexus 12, 47, 56, 64, 95
Ambrosia artemisiifolia 84
Ametryn 69
Andhra pradesh 192
Andropogon gerardii 92
Animal husbandry 207
Animal manures 207
Annuals 79, 196
Antennaria microphylla 68
Apparatus 91
Application date 22, 66, 69, 201
Application methods 25, 37
Application rates 6, 16, 26, 28, 34, 44, 47, 49, 84, 94, 112,
125, 192, 201, 217, 230
Aquatic weeds 101, 119, 176, 213
Arachis hypogaea 69
Arboricides 53
Arid zones 159
Arizona 209
Arrhenatherum elatius subsp. bulbosum 206, 204, 206, 204
Asparagus officinalis 167
Assimilation 44
Atrazine 13, 14, 16, 41, 63, 92, 114, 161, 192, 194
Australia 170, 223
Autumn 34, 88
Avena fatua 62, 113, 208
Avena sativa 30, 108, 145, 180
Avena sterilis 188
Band placement 16, 26, 38, 84, 114, 146
Bark 136
Barriers 122
Bentazone 26, 192
Beta vulgaris 47, 180, 236
Bibliographies 50
Bidens pilosa 69
Bihar 61
Bioassays 5, 55, 56, 98
Biological activity in soil 167
Biological control 19, 21, 23, 33, 55, 57, 86, 101, 104, 119,
138, 152, 157, 158, 186, 187, 189, 213, 223, 235, 237
Biological control agents 19, 23
Biomass 30, 74, 124, 167
Biomass production 16, 115, 141, 193
Birds 15
Boron 148
Botanical composition 30, 47, 209
Botswana 206
Brassica 21, 218
Brassica napus 130
Brassica napus var. oleifera 185
Brassica oleracea 193
Broadcasting 16, 26, 84, 114, 146
Bromus catharticus 104
Bromus commutatus 67
Bromus japonicus 29
Bromus secalinus 178
Bromus sterilis 67, 117
Bromus tectorum 29, 34, 89, 185
Browse 76
Brush control 14, 15, 82, 96, 154, 159, 165, 174, 209, 211
Buried seeds 12, 71
Burning 35, 51, 92, 111, 156, 176, 223
Cabt 5, 10, 11, 24, 26, 27, 34, 35, 37, 38, 41, 43, 44, 45,
47, 63, 64, 66, 78, 78, 95, 114, 118, 124, 124, 125, 129, 143,
144, 146, 149, 156, 156, 161, 167, 176, 177, 183, 187, 187,
187, 188, 195, 206, 207, 214, 241, 217, 224, 230, 235, 214,
241
Calcium 148
California 11, 35, 54, 60, 72, 74, 111, 118, 142, 144, 145,
162, 187, 210, 224
Callus 68
Cameroon 69, 191
Canada 99
Canopy 96, 139, 141, 209
Capsicum frutescens 60
Carbohydrates 44, 88
Carbon 125
Carbon-nitrogen ratio 125
Carduus nutans 104, 170
Carduus pycnocephalus 170
Carduus tenuiflorus 170
Carp 119
Carthamus lanatus 170
Carthamus tinctorius 45
Carya illinoensis 148
Cassia 19
Cassia obtusifolia 83
Cassia occidentalis 56
Cell suspensions 68
Cenchrus longispinus 64
Centaurea maculosa 75
Centaurea solstitialis 207
Cereals 32, 115, 118, 224
Chemical composition 55
Chemical control 4, 22, 25, 26, 28, 33, 34, 37, 38, 40, 41,
43, 45, 47, 57, 59, 63, 64, 69, 73, 88, 94, 95, 101, 106, 107,
111, 112, 113, 114, 119, 144, 146, 158, 159, 161, 167, 170,
174, 176, 180, 188, 190, 192, 194, 201, 202, 223, 224, 230,
234, 235, 236
Chemical vs. cultural weed control 27, 53, 60, 112, 125, 146,
148, 160, 161, 187, 206, 204, 206, 204, 213, 240, 214, 241,
220, 230, 239, 213, 240, 214, 241
Chenopodium album 12, 64, 66, 79, 84, 95, 116, 169, 217
Chiselling 71
Chlorsulfuron 22
Cirsium arvense 22
Cirsium vulgare 104, 170
Climatic factors 30
Clopyralid 22
Coarse textured soils 84
Cold resistance 88
Cold tolerance 29
Colorado 45
Communities 15
Community ecology 15
Compaction 127
Companion crops 145
Comparisons 35, 125, 202
Competitive ability 19, 56, 75, 86, 91, 118, 217
Computer hardware 180
Computer software 180
Computers 54
Conservation 47, 181
Conservation tillage 47, 66, 71, 79, 128, 232, 236
Constraints 90
Continuous cropping 47, 78, 188
Control methods 23
Convolvulaceae 158
Convolvulus arvensis 150
Copper 148
Copper sulfate 119
Coppice 53
Coppicing 53
Corn 222
Cost analysis 111
Cost benefit analysis 23, 107, 223
Cost effectiveness analysis 37, 84
Costs 35, 60, 84
Cottonseed 25
Cover crops 6, 10, 21, 30, 41, 66, 102, 115, 116, 124, 161,
169, 193, 198, 217
Coverage 30
Crop damage 84, 130, 198
Crop density 84, 111, 145
Crop establishment 43, 115, 145
Crop losses 158
Crop management 43, 153, 198
Crop plants as weeds 34
Crop production 23, 225, 235
Crop quality 92, 94, 151, 203, 230
Crop residues 30, 45, 66, 115, 124, 197
Crop weed competition 10, 25, 29, 30, 32, 40, 46, 56, 74, 80,
86, 91, 102, 104, 118, 121, 118, 118, 121, 148, 149, 161, 170,
171, 177, 178, 200, 201, 220, 234
Crop yield 10, 16, 18, 25, 26, 30, 31, 32, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43,
44, 58, 59, 60, 63, 64, 66, 69, 73, 74, 78, 80, 81, 84, 85,
86, 95, 105, 106, 107, 109, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 118, 121,
118, 118, 121, 126, 130, 132, 145, 146, 149, 151, 161, 171,
177, 178, 188, 192, 193, 194, 203, 205, 206, 217, 228
Cropping systems 1, 47, 106, 231, 236
Crops 21, 185
Crown 96
Cucurbita pepo 193
Cultivars 7, 16, 29, 54, 80, 94, 115, 139, 142, 191, 201, 208,
215
Cultivation 17, 38, 58, 77, 84, 85, 99, 105, 233
Cultural control 20, 21, 28, 37, 38, 42, 43, 52, 61, 70, 75,
77, 95, 101, 105, 117, 133, 138, 157, 176, 177, 188, 198, 206,
214, 218, 221, 229, 231, 233
Cultural methods 10, 25, 50, 92, 102, 155
Cultural weed control 1, 10, 12, 15, 17, 22, 26, 30, 31, 34,
36, 39, 40, 41, 44, 45, 46, 48, 49, 54, 57, 64, 71, 72, 73,
83, 88, 93, 94, 99, 108, 113, 118, 121, 118, 118, 121, 123,
124, 130, 131, 139, 142, 144, 146, 149, 158, 161, 163, 167,
169, 170, 173, 174, 178, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 194,
199, 200, 201, 210, 216, 217, 223, 224, 225, 227, 230, 232,
234, 235, 238
Cuscuta 35
Cuscuta indecora 111
Cutting 11, 51, 53, 176
Cutting height 49, 94
Cyanazine 64
Cymbopogon flexuosus 194
Cymbopogon martinii 194
Cymbopogon winterianus 194
Cynodon dactylon 49, 83, 94, 150, 206
Cyperus esculentus 83, 86, 144, 179
Cyperus rotundus 28, 144
Dactylis glomerata 104
Daucus carota 144, 213, 240, 218, 213, 240
Decision making 90, 180
Deep plowing 174
Deficiency payments 90
Defoliation 75, 76
Denmark 130
Depth 71
Desert plants 209
Deserts 159, 196, 209
Design 52, 91, 119
Deterministic models 188
Dicamba 22, 64, 161
Diclofop 62, 94, 113
Difenzoquat 113
Digitaria 69
Digitaria ischaemum 230
Digitaria sanguinalis 84, 169
Diquat 119
Discing 22, 209, 211
Distillers' residues 194
Diuron 194
Domestic gardens 99, 156, 214, 219
Donkeys 207
Drilling 177
Dry matter accumulation 30, 44, 73, 145
Echinochloa crus-galli 30
Eclipta alba 56
Economic analysis 10, 59, 85, 113, 114, 188
Economic evaluation 58
Economic impact 90
Ecotones 165
Edaphic factors 170
Effects 185
Efficacy 95, 161, 176, 183, 217
Eichhornia crassipes 127
Electric fences 207
Eleusine indica 56, 69, 94, 169
Emergence 43, 118, 121, 118, 121, 181, 185
Endothal 119
England 129, 197
Environmental factors 26, 30
Eptc 201
Equipment 129
Eragrostis cilianensis 169
Erosion 174
Essential oil plants 194
Essential oils 194
Establishment 30, 116, 166
Eucalyptus 102
Eupatorium odoratum 57
Euphorbia esula 68, 88
Euphorbia heterophylla 69
Europe 156
Expert systems 180
Extension 146
Extraction 5
Extracts 98
Fabrics 100
Fagopyrum esculentum 30
Fagopyrum tataricum 30
Fallow 34, 89, 188
Fallow systems 152
Farm income 81, 90
Farm inputs 112
Farm woodlands 166
Farming systems 23
Feasibility 84
Federal programs 90
Feeds 207
Fencing 207
Fenoxaprop 62, 230
Fenuron 159
Fertilizers 77, 141, 143, 151
Festuca arundinacea 49, 104, 230
Field experimentation 85, 91
Field tests 13, 14, 77, 168, 172, 215
Finland 205
Fire 53
Fire behavior 103
Fire control 154
Firebreaks 154, 207
Fires 103
Fixed costs 188
Flame cultivators 156
Flooded rice 43
Flora 47
Florida 15, 39, 94, 127, 141, 151, 176, 203
Fluometuron 25, 40
Fluridone 119
Fodder crops 9
Forage 92, 118, 145
Forest fires 76
Forest plantations 4, 11, 102, 141
Forests 165
Fowls 207
Fragaria ananassa 143
Fragaria vesca 233
Freezing 29
Frequency 191, 206
Fruit 109
Fruit trees 109
Gaeumannomyces graminis 105
Galinsoga ciliata 95
Galium aparine 117
Geese 195, 207, 237
Genetic control 158
Genetic variation 208
Genotypes 62
Geographical distribution 57, 223
Georgia 9
Germany 153
Germination 5
Germination inhibitors 19, 56, 108, 196
Glycine max 5, 26, 31, 38, 65, 66, 84, 112, 139, 149, 152,
193, 228
Glyphosate 4, 22, 28, 41, 53, 73, 119, 190, 217
Golf courses 94
Golf green soils 91
Gossypium 97, 155, 163
Gossypium hirsutum 25, 39, 40, 228
Grain 41, 44, 63, 64, 84, 107, 113, 114, 178, 192, 206
Grain crops 224
Gramineae 75, 215
Grasses 118, 122, 209
Grassland management 82, 92, 154
Grassland soils 125
Grasslands 159
Grazing 154, 215, 223
Grazing effects 75, 170
Green manures 21
Ground cover plants 166, 198
Growth 109, 132, 176, 198, 208
Growth analysis 96
Growth rate 83, 86, 96, 104, 118, 121, 118, 121, 149
Habit 96
Habitats 165, 211
Hardwoods 135
Harrowing 107, 130
Harvest index 44
Harvesting date 80, 157
Hay 118
Heat treatment 108
Height 230
Helianthus annuus 64, 65, 228
Heracleum mantegazzianum 190
Herbage 73, 145, 171
Herbicidal properties 140
Herbicide mixtures 16, 94, 114, 192, 201, 234
Herbicide resistance 62
Herbicides 6, 10, 20, 24, 28, 43, 47, 65, 66, 67, 76, 84, 90,
102, 105, 106, 110, 117, 119, 122, 126, 133, 138, 144, 146,
153, 155, 158, 168, 176, 180, 188, 193, 203, 210, 218, 219,
220, 221, 225, 226, 229, 231, 232, 233, 234, 236, 238, 239
Hilling 95, 201
History 235
Hoeing 63, 73, 85, 107, 112, 114, 146
Holcus lanatus 27, 104
Holcus mollis 27
Hordeum jubatum 200
Hordeum vulgare 62, 113, 130, 180, 208
Host parasite relationships 158
Hybrids 4, 59, 94
Hydrilla verticillata 101
Hydroquinone 68
Hydroxamic acids 5
Hypericum perforatum 187
Idaho 27, 113, 212
Identification 36, 160, 206, 204, 206, 204, 213, 240, 214,
213, 240
Illinois 66, 70, 84
Imazaquin 38
Immobilization 45
Incentives 90
India 43, 189, 234
Indiana 106
Infestation 3, 188, 223
Inhibition 83, 86, 104, 120
Innovation adoption 90
Insect control 70, 132
Insect pests 157
Insects 189
Integrated control 22, 26, 34, 45, 53, 64, 87, 94, 111, 113,
114, 180, 192, 235
Integrated pest management 16, 110, 198, 229
Intensive cropping 195
Intensive silviculture 141
Interactions 105
Interception 141
Intercropping 18, 32, 46, 74, 78, 115, 145
Intercrops 74, 81
Interplanting 118
Interrow cultivation 16, 26
Interspecific competition 32
Introduced species 190, 223
Invasion 190, 196
Iowa 146
Ipomoea 40
Ipomoea batatas 7, 56, 80, 86, 120
Iron 148
Irrigated conditions 10, 47, 139
Irrigated farming 145
Irrigation 143
Irrigation scheduling 72, 148
Irrigation water 119
Jacquemontia tamnifolia 83
Juniperus Virginiana 82, 96
Jute 137
Kalmia angustifolia 51
Karnataka 19
Kenya 44, 59, 63
Kochia scoparia 64
Kuwait 196
Labor costs 53
Lactuca sativa 30, 74, 151, 183, 203, 218
Landscape architecture 52
Landscape gardening 83
Landscaping 100, 110, 136
Larrea tridentata 174, 209
Lathyrus sativus 32
Lawns and turf 49, 94, 122, 133, 221, 230
Leachates 19, 91, 196
Leaf area 139
Leaf area index 141
Leaf fall 141
Leptinotarsa decemlineata 156
Life cycle 170
Light 141
Light penetration 124
Light relations 75, 93, 116
Linum 208
Linum usitatissimum 208, 220
Linuron 95, 201
Literature reviews 33, 158, 189, 220, 223, 234
Litter (plant) 167
Live mulches 21, 161, 193, 195
Lolium multiflorum 30, 177
Lolium perenne 104
Longevity 135
Loranthaceae 158
Louisiana 39, 77
Low input agriculture 78, 114, 161, 217
Lowland areas 43, 80
Lycopersicon esculentum 31, 54, 132, 193
Magnesium 148
Maine 109
Maize 90
Malus pumila 109
Manganese 148
Manihot esculenta 171, 191
Manitoba 62, 215
Manual weed control 11, 33, 53, 59, 60, 69, 80, 85, 99, 107,
112, 119, 122, 126, 131, 159, 167, 191, 192, 202, 203, 209,
212, 226, 234
Market economics 90
Maryland 124, 132, 161, 169, 230
Mathematical models 127, 131
Measurement 103
Mechanical harvesting 127
Mechanical methods 4, 24, 33, 50, 51, 58, 90, 129, 147, 190
Medicago sativa 35, 104, 111, 118, 145, 163, 238
Medicinal plants 205
Metabolic detoxification 68
Metolachlor 16, 58, 63, 95, 114, 161, 192, 201
Metribuzin 94, 95, 112, 201
Mexico 209
Michigan 149, 201
Microbial activities 2
Microbial degradation 167
Microbial pesticides 186
Microenvironments 124
Micronesia 57
Microwave radiation 108
Microwave treatment 108
Migration 3
Mimosa pigra 176
Mineralization 125
Minimum tillage 89, 95, 115, 193, 234
Minnesota 10, 12, 26, 65, 90, 112, 215
Mississippi 25, 39
Missouri 41
Mites 189
Mmosses 133
Models 130, 236
Mollugo verticillata 169
Monitoring 166
Montana 75, 89
Motad 90
Mowing 35, 111, 226, 230
Msma 40, 94
Mucuna pruriens 102
Mulches 31, 73, 100, 132, 134, 135, 136, 137, 151, 164, 179,
193, 199, 216, 231
Mulching 31, 36, 51, 66, 83, 93, 110, 136, 137, 143, 153, 194,
195, 219, 226, 227
Musa 171
Mycoherbicides 23, 158
Mycotoxins 189
Napropamide 60, 73
Natural enemies 157, 189
Nebraska 64, 215
Nematode control 21
New Brunswick 3
New england states of U.S.A. 143
New Jersey 193
New Mexico 159, 174
New South Wales 105
New York 17, 37, 95, 124
New Zealand 167
Newspapers 31
Niger 78
Nigeria 81, 157, 202
Night temperature 116
Nitrogen 14, 45, 78, 125, 148, 229
Nitrogen content 125
Nitrogen fertilizers 44, 45, 49, 78, 88, 125, 230
Nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers 92
No-tillage 16, 20, 34, 41, 66, 77, 79, 89, 106, 107, 125, 131,
161, 169, 193, 217, 222, 232, 236
Non-crop weed control 53
Nonionic surfactants 94
North Carolina 5, 6, 101, 139
North Dakota 215, 221
Nova Scotia 3
Nutrient availability 44, 76, 125
Nutrient uptake 44, 78, 148
Ocimum basilicum 73
Odocoileus Virginianus 76, 211
Ohio 217
Oils 201
Oklahoma 13, 49, 58, 76, 82, 96, 154, 165, 168, 178
On-farm training 146
Onopordum acanthium 170
Onopordum illyricum 170
Ontario 16, 115
Operating costs 53
Orchards 109, 134, 148, 226
Oregon 20, 177, 187, 212, 214, 241, 214, 241
Organic farming 17, 74
Ornamental plants 122
Ornamental woody plants 135
Orobanchaceae 158
Oryza sativa 43, 61, 77, 107, 228, 231
Oryzalin 93
Osmotic pressure 93
Oxadiazon 93
Oxyfluorfen 93, 194
P-coumaric acid 208
Panicum miliaceum 45, 56, 64
Papaipema nebris 70
Papaver rhoeas 117
Papua new guinea 80
Paraquat 58, 63, 93, 161
Parasites of insect pests 157
Parasitic plants 189
Parasitic weeds 44, 158
Parthenium hysterophorus 19, 189
Pastures 9, 82, 104, 154, 170
Pathogens 189
Pendimethalin 63, 64, 107, 230
Penetration 83
Pennisetum Americanum 78
Pennsylvania 1, 4
Perennial weeds 88
Periderm 56, 86, 120
Persistence 181
Peru 171, 231
Pest control 21, 156
Pest resistance 44, 158
Petroselinum crispum 73
Ph 136
Phacelia tanacetifolia 130
Phalaris aquatica 104
Pharbitis hederacea 5
Pharbitis purpurea 56
Phaseolus vulgaris 10, 47, 149, 163, 193, 236
Phenolic acids 5, 152, 208
Phenolic compounds 98, 196
Phenology 118, 121, 118, 121
Philippines 85, 107
Phosphorus 78, 148
Phyllanthus urinaria 93
Phytotoxicity 68, 94
Phytotoxins 140, 186
Picloram 22, 37, 88
Pine bark 83, 135
Pine needles 135, 141
Pinus elliottii 141
Pinus jeffreyi 11
Pinus ponderosa 162
Pinus taeda 137, 141
Pisum sativum 74, 218
Plant analysis 148
Plant breeding 158
Plant communities 196, 215
Plant competition 8, 75, 141
Plant composition 2, 44, 88, 98, 120, 140, 148
Plant density 12, 40, 46, 64, 112, 115, 149, 159, 188, 209,
231 Plant development 118, 121, 118, 121, 170
Plant disease control 21
Plant ecology 153, 170
Plant extracts 86, 208
Plant fibers 137
Plant height 11, 96
Plant interaction 8
Plant parasitic nematodes 21
Plant pests 198
Plant protection 23, 158
Plant residues 132, 169, 194
Planting date 1, 66, 139, 157
Planting season 85
Plastic fabric 83, 164
Plastic film 151, 179, 205, 216
Plowing 20, 43, 47, 63, 71, 79, 106, 107, 125, 131, 169, 206,
236
Pluchea 98
Poa annua 91
Polyesters 137
Polyethylene film 73, 135, 150
Polypropylenes 83, 123
Ponds 119
Population change 89
Population density 47, 53, 71, 106, 145, 146, 165, 169, 198
Population dynamics 79, 106, 165, 181, 236
Populations 198
Populus maximowiczii 4
Populus trichocarpa 4
Portulaca oleracea 73
Potassium 148
Power lines 37
Prairies 14, 15, 165
Precipitation 26
Predators of insect pests 157
Prediction 130
Prescribed burning 3, 13, 14, 15, 76, 82, 96, 103, 154, 162,
165, 168, 215
Probabilistic models 53
Profitability 188
Profits 60
Prometryn 69
Propyzamide 34
Prosopis glandulosa var. glandulosa 159
Prunus persica 198
Public health 190
Pyridine herbicides 230
Quarantine 223
Queensland 28
Range management 13, 14, 96, 165, 168
Range pastures 223
Rangelands 8, 103, 159, 211, 215
Regrowth 30, 51, 75, 150, 206
Regulations 233
Relay cropping 163
Research 186
Residual effects 183, 206
Resource conservation 125
Resources 76
Responses 23, 130
Returns 38, 113, 114
Revegetation 215
Reviews 23
Reynoutria 33
Reynoutria japonica 33
Rhagoletis mendax 3
Rhizoctonia solani 105
Rhizomes 122
Ridges 205
Ridging 115
Ripping 11
Risk 90
Robots 54
Root exudates 55
Root rots 105
Rooting 43
Roots 86, 208
Rosa multiflora 138
Rosmarinus officinalis 73
Rotary cultivation 131, 146
Rotary cultivators 24, 109
Rotary hoes 172
Rotation 200
Rotations 1, 36, 46, 47, 106, 173
Row spacing 65, 113, 139, 178, 229
Row tillage 47, 109
Rumex acetosella 160
Runoff 174
Rye 175
Safety 136
Sahel 78
Sandy soils 151, 196
Saskatchewan 29, 200
Savannas 13, 168
Scotland 166, 190
Scrophulariaceae 158
Scrub control 53
Seasonal abundance 15
Seasonal variation 84
Secale cereale 2, 30, 41, 55, 66, 95, 124, 169, 180, 185, 193
Sediment yield 174
Seed banks 12, 46, 79, 106, 124, 131, 181, 236
Seed dormancy 12, 170
Seed drills 215
Seed germination 19, 56, 79, 93, 98, 108, 120, 124, 149, 170,
176
Seed production 238
Seed quality 149
Seed weight 149
Seedling emergence 12, 71, 84, 93, 104, 131
Seedling stage 45
Seedlings 70, 137, 159, 185
Seeds 19, 39, 79, 108, 111, 131, 238
Sequences 47
Sequential cropping 107, 183
Sesbania exaltata 40
Setaria (gramineae) 12
Setaria faberi 41, 66, 71, 106
Setaria pumila 181
Setaria viridis 10, 12, 47, 62, 71, 116, 200
Sethoxydim 201
Sexual reproduction 181
Shade 75, 116
Sheep 207
Sheep dogs 207
Shifting cultivation 171
Shoots 208
Shrubs 171, 209
Sida spinosa 40
Silybum marianum 170
Simazine 119, 194
Simulation models 127, 181
Site factors 166, 196
Site preparation 63
Size 109
Slashing 63
Small farms 81
Soil acidity 3
Soil analysis 5
Soil chemistry 152
Soil compaction 114
Soil degradation 125
Soil depth 125, 131
Soil fertility 30, 44, 78, 125, 148
Soil flora 167
Soil organic matter 125
Soil ph 148
Soil physical properties 43
Soil solarization 21, 150, 182, 183, 184
Soil sterilization 108
Soil temperature 12, 31, 124, 135, 185
Soil water 116, 136
Soil water content 31, 66, 124, 185, 216
Solanum nigrum 56
Solanum sarrachoides 10, 47
Solanum tuberosum 95, 201
Sonchus arvensis 149
Sorghum 206
Sorghum bicolor 30, 45, 180, 192
Sorghum halepense 83, 150
Source sink relations 44
South Africa 53, 125
South Carolina 38, 86
South Dakota 215
Sowing 130
Sowing date 178, 217
Sowing rates 49, 113, 145, 177, 178
Spain 188
Spatial distribution 79
Species 198
Species differences 198
Species diversity 74
Sports grounds 94
Sprayers 154
Spring 206
Stand density 53
Stapling 100
Stones 136
Stover 206
Straw burning 67, 125, 197
Strawberries 237
Striga hermonthica 44, 78
Stubble 41
Stubble mulching 89, 125
Subsidies 90
Sucrose 68
Sulfonylurea herbicides 64, 161
Summer 15, 215
Suppression 30, 83, 116
Surveys 136, 189
Survival 53, 70, 131, 137, 159, 181, 198
Sustainability 10, 12, 23, 65, 125, 161, 202
Sustainable agriculture 128
Sweet potato extract 56
Sylvilagus floridanus 165
Taxes 90
Tebuthiuron 165, 168, 174, 209
Temperature 68, 103, 116
Texas 103, 211
Thermocouples 103
Threshold models 181
Tillage 1, 5, 10, 12, 30, 36, 39, 41, 48, 64, 70, 79, 88, 95,
146, 149, 152, 181, 193, 200, 206, 209, 231
Tillering 178
Tillers 122
Timing 22, 39, 64, 69, 96, 154, 156, 201
Tolerance 208
Toxicity 160
Traditional farming 202
Transplanting 203
Tree fruits 226
Trees 136, 166, 171
Trends 235
Tri-allate 113
Triazinone herbicides 45
Tribulus terrestris 196
Trickle irrigation 110, 151
Triclopyr 37, 53, 165
Trifluralin 58, 111
Trifolium incarnatum 5
Trifolium pratense 30, 104
Trifolium repens 18, 104, 230
Trifolium subterraneum 104, 193
Triticum 105, 188
Triticum aestivum 5, 29, 34, 45, 55, 67, 89, 117, 118, 121,
118, 121, 125, 147, 152, 177, 178, 185, 200, 234
Triticum durum 180
Tropics 80, 202
Tubers 86
U.S.A. 99, 100, 122, 136, 156, 195, 207, 235
Uncultivated ground 125
Undergrowth 11
Understory 11
United arab emirates 183
Upland rice 61, 107
Urban areas 52
Utah 24
Vaccinium angustifolium 3
Varietal reactions 139, 201
Varietal susceptibility 94, 158
Vegetable growing 195
Vegetables 179
Vegetation management 15, 37, 82, 96, 186, 211
Veratrum californicum 24
Vetch 116
Viability 111
Vicia 116
Vicia faba 74
Vicia villosa 41, 124, 132, 161, 169, 217
Vigna unguiculata 58, 78, 85, 102, 107, 157, 231
Viscaceae 158
Viticulture 153
Vitis 210
Vitis vinifera 87, 153
Volunteer plants 32, 34
Wales 197
Washington 20, 34, 187, 212
Waste utilization 31, 194
Water conservation 216
Water pollution 77
Water quality 77
Water uptake 118, 121, 118, 121
Weather 154
Weather data 72
Weed associations 200
Weed biology 12, 46, 71, 79, 88, 93, 106, 118, 121, 118, 121,
149, 170, 171, 181, 236
Weed competition 171, 185, 196, 234
Weed control 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,
24, 25, 26, 28, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 47,
50, 51, 52, 55, 57, 58, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69,
70, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 81, 84, 86, 87, 88, 90, 92, 93, 94,
95, 97, 98, 100, 101, 102, 104, 105, 106, 109, 110, 111, 112,
113, 114, 115, 116, 117, 119, 120, 122, 127, 129, 132, 133,
134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 141, 142, 143, 144, 146, 147, 150,
151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 161, 162, 164, 166, 168,
170, 171, 172, 175, 176, 177, 179, 180, 186, 188, 189, 190,
192, 193, 194, 195, 197, 198, 201, 202, 203, 205, 206, 207,
210, 213, 214, 215, 218, 219, 221, 223, 224, 225, 226, 228,
229, 230, 231, 233, 235, 236, 237, 238
Weeders 36, 142
Weeding 11, 40, 63, 69, 99, 107, 234
Weeds 1, 3, 8, 9, 12, 16, 17, 27, 30, 40, 43, 46, 47, 59, 61,
64, 70, 79, 80, 85, 99, 105, 108, 112, 124, 126, 128, 130,
131, 145, 146, 166, 169, 177, 180, 187, 191, 193, 203, 210,
214, 241, 214, 219, 220, 221, 223, 234, 235, 214, 241
Wheat straw 31
Width 38
Wildlife 76, 211, 215
Winter 15, 34, 185, 206
Winter hardiness 88
Winter kill 88
Winter wheat 89, 188
Wisconsin 79, 114, 175
Wood chips 135, 136
Woody weeds 162
Wyoming 47
Xanthium strumarium 26, 41
Yield components 80, 149
Yield losses 40, 118, 121, 118, 121, 149, 217
Zea mays 16, 18, 31, 41, 44, 45, 47, 59, 63, 64, 65, 66, 70,
81, 84, 106, 107, 114, 115, 116, 146, 161, 163, 167, 169, 171,
172, 180, 193, 217, 229, 236
Zinc 148