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Art Inquiry: The White Cloud, Head Chief of the Iowas
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George Catlin, The White Cloud, Head Chief of the Iowas
(1844/1845)
The Indian Removal Act of 1830 forced American Indians from their lands east of the Mississippi River so that settlers could live there. The Iowas were moved to a reservation in present-day Nebraska.

Learn more about this work of art by answering the multiple-choice questions below. Mouse over the image for clues!

1. White Cloud was a chief of the Iowa nation of American Indians, who hunted and lived on the Great Plains. Where was his tribe located?

  1. On the east coast
  2. On the west coast
  3. In the southwest
  4. In middle America

2. Why were American Indians forced from their lands in the Indian Removal Act of 1830?

  1. They did not take good care of the land.
  2. They did not want to live there anyway.
  3. To make room for white settlers
  4. To make room for more Indians

3. Why is White Cloud wearing a bear-claw necklace?

  1. His neck is cold.
  2. It was in style at the time.
  3. To show he is a good hunter and warrior
  4. Because he thought of himself as a bear

4. In addition to the bear-claw necklace, what else is White Cloud wearing that comes from animals?

  1. White wolf skin
  2. Deerskin shirt
  3. Deer’s tail headdress
  4. All of the above

5. Why did the artist make White Cloud’s figure take up most of the portrait?

  1. To show that he was a dignified, important man
  2. To show that he was a large man
  3. The artist did not know how to paint backgrounds.
  4. There are too many details in White Cloud’s outfit to have more in the background.
 
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George Catlin, The White Cloud, Head Chief of the Iowas, 1844/1845, oil on canvas, National Gallery of Art,
Paul Mellon Collection