ILRS Missions Working Group Meeting

Graham Appleby, David Carter, John Degnan, Bud Donovan, Werner Gurtner, Julie Horvath, Van Husson, Jim Long, Carey Noll, Ron Noomen, Toshi Otsubo, Mike Pearlman, Ivan Prochazka, Randy Ricklefs, Ulli Schreiber, Wolfgang Schluter, Wolfgang Seemueller, Peter Shelus, Scott Wetzel

MWG Membership and Review of Efforts since Last Meeting

There was a general discussion on the need for new members was made. Also, the following topics were discussed as to what MWG actions were either completed or initiated since the last meeting. Included was the need for a change in the Mission Support Request Form to reflect the satellite name in the mail message Subject line. Also, the new mailing list which includes the coordinators for each of the working groups (AWG, NW&E, DF&P, and the TIGER teams), the director of the CB, the secretary of the CB and the Chairman of GB has gone into operation and has worked well on MWG issues.

Campaign Status

Etalon-1, -2

Ron Noomen provided a report on the success of the Etalon tracking campaign. The Analysis Working Group (AWG) originally requested this campaign in Nice, France, in March 2001. This 6-month campaign was requested to determine if a robust data set from Etalon 1 & 2 would improve Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP) in the SLR solutions. The campaign was extended at the Toulouse meeting until the end of March ‘02 and was further extended by the Governing Board until the Nice meeting for convenience.

Results provided by Noomen showed that despite data volume increased by a factor of 2, EOP improvement was small (~5%). Noomen stated that the campaign should continue despite of the small improvement in EOP as the data could support other aspects of the program, namely station bias, GM and gravity field study. The AWG was tasked to meet the next week and develop a requirement for requesting the extension for the Etalon campaign.

LRE (Laser Ranging Equipment)

Maki Maeda from NASDA provided a report on the LRE campaign. The Official LRE campaign was to last 1 month in September 2001. Due to a 3 hour delay in launch it became very difficult to acquire the target as LRE lost good terminator conditions for the first 3 months of the overall mission. Grasse LLR station finally caught it in December 2001, then Yarragadee, then CRL.

NASDA would like to keep the LRE campaign going on a “track as you can” basis and will provide TIRV’s routinely and keep LRE at the bottom of the tracking priority list. Lessons Learned from the campaign includes that the ILRS was not ready for this type of campaign, we need to work on better station pointing. Wetzel also requested that the LRE team provide retroreflector specifications to confirm the compensation basis for the velocity abberation. Toshi Otsubo stated that he had given a paper in the Toulouse meeting in 2001 and would forward a copy of the paper to the MWG.

Reflector

Reflector is a Russian satellite launched on December 10, 2001, where SLR is used to support POD research for space debris detection . Temporary emergency approval was given by the GB on December 20, 2001 to support a campaign with a duration of 9 months. SLR began on December 21, 2001. The first operational Reflector pass received by Yarragadee. Since then, tracking leaders are Yarragadee, Monument Peak and Graz with a total of 28 systems currently tracking Reflector. The success of campaign needs to be reviewed by IPIE and a report needs to be filed by the IPIE to the MWG and ILRS.

Starshine 3

Starshine 3 was never determined to be an ILRS supported satellite. The Starshine satellites were to be tracked by NASA stations and others if desired to determine utility of the retroreflectors.

Starshine 3 launched on September 30, 2001. The firstStarshine-3 pass received by Yarragadee on October 3, 2001. Since Starshine-3 was not an ILRS supported mission, tracking limited to NASA stations and anyone who wanted to try tracking. There were a total of 9 systems tracking Starshine 3.

In an effort to increase the quality of the predictions, NRL provided high quality predictions to help support acquisition. Although this has aided in acquisition, the low altitude and lack of tracking has made it difficult to acquire Starshine 3. Starshine-3 scheduled to de-orbit on approximately October 30, 2002

Starshine 2

Starshine 2 was deployed from STS-108 on December 16, 2001. No tracking attempted due to limitations of tracking Starshine 3. Currently, Starshine is predicted to decay Apr 26, 2235Z

Recent Launches and New Missions

Jason

Jason was launched on Dec. 7, 2001 and placed in tandem orbit with TOPEX/ Poseidon (~1 minute separation, Jason leading). SLR was attempted by several systems prior to operational commitment to confirm array performance. SLR tracking of Jason officially began on January 14, 2002 with the first operational Jason pass received by Yarragadee. Since then, tracking leaders are Yarragadee, Graz with good support from Monument Peak, Greenbelt, Zimmerwald & Wettzell. There are currently 32 systems tracking Jason.

Tracking scenario as requested from Jason Team has been discussed with the MWG since prior to the launch of Jason with tracking to occur by alternating successful full-pass tracking between Jason and TOPEX/Poseidon. Systems can pick up first minute of Jason pass when tracking TOPEX or last minute of TOPEX when tracking Jason. Currently, several systems are experimenting with interleaving during each pass - being reviewed by Jason team. The Jason team is examining these passes and will continue to work with the MWG on a formal tracking procedure.

Envisat-1

Envisat-1 launched on March 1, 2002 and placed in tandem orbit with ERS-2 (~30 minute separation)

SLR scheduled to begin at ~launch + 40 days, began on April 10, 2002. The first Envisat pass received by Metsahovi and Riga (same time). Since then, tracking leaders are Metsahovi, Monument Peak and Herstmonceux. Currently 11 systems tracking Envisat-1. A member of the Envisat-1 team was to provide status at ILRS General Assembly

GRACE

GRACE A&B were launched on March 17, 2002 and placed in tandem orbit with each other (~30 secs separation). SLR was required ASAP from separation from S/C. A tracking scenario as requested from GRACE Team which included alternating successful full-pass tracking between GRACE A & B unless systems are able to quickly alternate between satellites. Currently, several systems are experimenting with interleaving during each pass. The data is being reviewed by GRACE team.

The first GRACE A pass received by Yarragadee. Tracking leaders in the beginning of the mission are Yarragadee, Herstmonceux. The first GRACE B pass received by Yarragadee. Tracking leaders in the beginning of the mission are Yarragadee, Herstmonceux, and Monument Peak

Currently there almost twice as many GRACE A passes as GRACE B. What is the impact on GRACE and why is this happening are the current questions to be resolved. The GRACE team is to provide status at ILRS General Assembly

Meteor-3M

Meteor-3M was launched on December 10, 2001 along with Reflector. Meteor-3M is using an Optical Luneberg Lens for SLR tracking that was shown at several SLR meetings in the past. SLR was originally limited by agreement to Greenbelt, Monument Peak and a Russian station near Moscow as a test only. The SAGE project, a NASA instrument on board Meteor-3M was concerned about interference in their solar experiments, consequently there were several restrictions in tracking like, limited stations, restricted tracking elevations and tracking in nighttime hours only.

At a meeting with the SAGE team in February it was disclosed that the GLONASS/GPS receiver on-board Meteor-3M was not function.. SLR had now become the only method for POD in support of SAGE. Until then Meteor-3M was supported by radar tracking which was to end on April 30, 2002. The SAGE team requested to Meteor-3M group to support SLR with no restrictions for elevation or daylight tracking and would include tracking by the entire ILRS network.

On April 3rd a Mission Support Request Form was submitted for ILRS support of Meteor-3M. Based on limited responses MWG endorsed support for Meteor-3M.

The ILRS GB approved support at GB meeting on April 24^th with tracking to begin ASAP.

Upcoming Missions

Wetzel presented the updated table that included the upcoming ILRS missions for the next few years. They are shown in the table below. This table has been updated to include the Starshine 4/5 mission.

Satellite	Owner	Mission Type	Planned Launch Date	Mission Duration	Received Mission Request Form	Received ILRS GB Approval
Meteor-3M	ROSAVIACOSMOS	Solar Research / new array testing	Dec 10, 2001	3 years	Yes	Yes
IceSat (GLAS)	NASA	Ice sheet research	Dec 16, 2002	3-5 years	Yes	Yes
Gravity Probe B	NASA	Relativity research	Oct 30, 2002	1-2 years	Yes	Yes
ADEOS-II	NASDA	Altimeter calibration	Nov 2002	3 years	Yes	Yes
Starshine 4/5	Starshine	Atmosphere Density	Jan 2003	6 months	No	No
CryoSat	ESA	Earth Sensing	Apr/May 2004	3.5 years	Yes	Awaiting MWG Recommendation
ALOS	NASDA	Altimeter calibration	Jul/Aug. 2004	3 years	No	No
ETS-VIII	NASDA	Time transfer experiment	Jul./Aug. 2004	3 years	No	No

Takashi Uchimura from NASDA provided a report on the ADEOS-II satellite and the SLR support requirements. ADEOS-II is an Earth Sensing mission hosted by NASDA that is currently scheduled to be launched between November 1-30, 2002. SLR support is currently to occur for only the first 39 days of the mission to support POD. During this time the GPS receiver will be turned off.

NASDA believes that the on-board Global Imager (GLI) is sensitive to the 532 nm lasr and my be damaged if explosed to laser radiation from the ILRS. Based on NASDA’s concerns, Uchimura provided 2 options for support for dates past Launch + 39 days (L+39). They include:

Full SLR support for the first 39 days of the mission, then restrict SLR tracking of ADEOS-II to the areas provided by NASDA in a tracking mask in order to eliminate illumination of GLI in restricted area of sensor

It was generally agreed upon that option 2 would not be realistic since no system could not guarantee not tracking in the restricted area without extensive hardware/software/procedure modifications.

Uchimura will provide specifications for the GLI to MWG for analysis for possible GLI damage from SLR.

Peter Shelus, UTEX/CSR, presented a review for the ICESat satellite mission and the SLR requirements. ICESat is a NASA mission to measure the ice sheet mass, balance, cloud and aerosol heights, optical densities, vegetation and land topography hosted by NASA / CSR. ICESat is currently scheduled to be launched in December 16, 2002. Preparations for SLR support are ongoing at University of Texas, with good coordination with ILRS. Currently, HTSI to include GPS data in prediction generation.

Scott Wetzel provided a brief report on the Gravity Probe-B mission. GPB is a NASA / Stanford University relativity mission which is scheduled for launch in October 2002. Coordination between NASA, HTSI, and Stanford University is ongoing with the mission support document being developed and is currently in review.

Starshine 4/5

Scott Wetzel provided a brief report on the upcoming Starshine 4/5 mission. NASA has firmly manifested Starshine 4/5 dual-satellite experiment on the STS-114 Shuttle mission to the International Space Station in January of 2003. Starshine 4/5 will have mounted 1000 mirrors and 31 laser retroreflectors on its external shell.

The Starshine 4/5 Mission Plan includes, the release from Starshine 4, a 4 inch (10 cm) hollow aluminum sphere, instead, which will be Starshine 5. This small sub-satellite will be released shortly after Starshine 4 is deployed from Space Shuttle Atlantis. Both Starshine 4 and 5 will carry 31 laser retroreflectors on their surfaces, and Starshine 5 will have no mirrors and will thus not be naked-eye visible, so tracking will dependent totally on ILRS (if approved) and Space Command tracking for orbit determination.

By comparing the orbital decay rates of Starshine 4 and 5, it will possible for to determine the density of the earth's atmosphere more precisely than we've been able to do on previous missions.

Mission Status Changes

Wetzel reported the following changes in mission status that occurred during the previous period.

BEC had its mission status change from a campaign to full mission status in January 2002, see SLR Mail No. 0873 on January 3, 2002. The UTex/CSR requested Mission Status to strengthen long-term changes in gravity field. BEC retains same tracking priority level as during campaign.

SLR support for WESTPAC was suspended in January 2002, see SLR Mail No. 0877 on January 7, 2002. WESTPAC was being used for very little for research and the data set was very weak and the satellite was difficult to acquire satellite. The satellite originators agreed with the suspension of SLR support.

At the request of the IGLOS-PP, the set of 3 GLONASS satellites to be tracked by SLR was changed to 84, 86 and 87, see SLR Mail No. 0900 on February 20, 2002. All GLONASS satellites supported now all have the same type of (reduced sized) retroreflector arrays. The new array time limits some stations to night time tracking only resulting in loss of data

Missions to drop from list

Wetzel reported that the following upcoming missions were to be dropped from the tracking list of new satellites and provided a brief explanation for why they were dropped. Included were the OICETS from NASDA and VCL from NASA whose missions are indefinitely postponed. No response from the IRS-P5 from ISRO, and SAC-C from CONAE for a long period of time are the reason for dropping these missions from the list.

Other Issues

Dynamic Tracking Priorities

Peter Shelus recommended that we continuously monitor all tracking and adjust tracking priorities to pick up on weak satellites. Scott Wetzel took the action item to work this issue from the MWG.

Weak initial tracking support of new satellites

Scott Wetzel reported early analysis about weak tracking support on new satellites. For the first several weeks of tracking of new satellites usually have same few stations supporting with others following later. This should not be happening during critical phase of mission. Possible causes are being investigated at HTSI.

More information about Mission Support planning and implementation status on web

Greater detail to the mission summaries with respect to mission support activities will be posted on the web

Spacecraft COM. The MWG responsible for providing Signal Processing Group S/C COM models from satellite host. This needs to be done in the early stages of mission planning.

Next Meeting

The next ILRS Missions Working Group Meeting will occur at the 13^th International Laser Ranging Instrumentation Workshop in Washington DC, USA during the week of October 7-11, 2002.

Last modified date: Friday, November 05, 2004
Author: Scott Wetzel
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