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Issue Date Org. Code            
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE     Part  Chap.
8/31/92     W/OM11                          Operations Manual                        C       21

This WSOM Chapter is Effective Immediately

LOCAL AND REGIONAL STATEMENTS, SUMMARIES, AND TABLES

Table of Contents:

1. Purpose

2. Objective

3. Operational Responsibilities

4. Selected Local/Regional Products

        4.1 Summary
                4.1.1 State Weather Summary (SWS, ABUS30)
                4.1.2 Regional Weather Summary (RWS, ABUS31)
        4.2   State Maximum/Minimum Temperature and Precipitation Table (STP, ABUS21)
        4.3 State Weather Roundup (SWR)
        4.4 Report
                4.4.1 Record Report (RER, SXUS99)
        4.4.2         Climatological Report (Daily) (CLI, CSUS2)
                4.4.3 Climatological Report (Longer Term) (CLM, CSUS3)
                4.4.4 Recreational Report (REC, FWUS1)
        4.5 Statement
                4.5.1 Severe Weather Statement (SVS, WWUS34)
                4.5.2 Special Weather Statement (SPS, WWUS35)
                4.5.3 Public Information Statement (PNS, ABUS34)
                4.5.4 Other Statements

 


1. Purpose. This chapter defines certain local and regional public weather products, establishes their general content and format, and identifies proper Automation of Field Operations and Services (AFOS) product categories and abbreviated World Meteorological Organization (WMO) headers. AFOS categories are used for product identification on NOAA Weather Wire Service (NWWS), and WMO headers are used for product identification on the Family of Services circuits.

2. Objective. The objective of these public weather products is to provide uniform and authoritative weather information to the mass news media, the public, and other users. Increasingly, the public weather products in this chapter are being requested by users outside the local area covered by a product. This requires some standardization in product identification, format, and content.

The NWS is proceeding with the modernization and associated restructuring (MAR). Guidance outlined in this chapter will be valid through the period of the MAR that is characterized by the introduction of the Weather Surveillance Radar 1988 Doppler (WSR-88D), which was developed by the Next Generation Radar (NEXRAD) program, and the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS).

3. Operational Responsibilities. The Operations Division of the Office of Meteorology handles matters relative to this chapter at the Weather Service Headquarters (WSH) level. Regional Headquarters will maintain quality control and submit recommended changes to WSH. Weather Service Offices (WSO), NEXRAD Weather Service Offices (NWSO), Weather Service Forecast Offices (WSFO), and NEXRAD Weather Service Forecast Offices (NWSFO) are responsible for coordination with adjacent offices, preparation, and quality control to ensure consistency of information provided.

4. Selected Local/Regional Products. This section defines a series of local and regional products that includes summaries, tables, roundups, reports, and statements. Routine products are issued at regular intervals. Nonroutine products are issued on an as needed basis. The abbreviated AFOS product category and abbreviated WMO header are shown respectively in parenthesis after the product title.

4.1 Summary. A summary is a brief narrative message describing past, present, or future weather events in common terms. It may or may not be a routine product.

4.1.1 State Weather Summary (SWS, ABUS30). This is a routine product and should be issued at least twice daily by a WSFO or NWSFO, by midmorning and early or midevening.

This product provides a brief narrative for recent past weather (up to 24 hours back), present weather, and forecast conditions (up to 24 hours in the future). The emphasis should be on past and current weather. At times, it may be necessary to include a description of weather events from nearby areas. Record or near-record temperatures and/or precipitation amounts should be mentioned. The synoptic features causing the weather may be mentioned but only in the very simplest nontechnical terms.

Example:

OMASWSNE
TTAA00 KOMA 290050

NEBRASKA WEATHER SUMMARY
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE OMAHA NE
750 PM CDT TUE MAY 28 1991

...CLEAR AND MILD WEATHER PREVAILED ACROSS NEBRASKA THIS AFTERNOON...

HIGH TEMPERATURES THIS AFTERNOON RANGED FROM THE MID 70S IN THE EAST TO THE MID 80S IN THE PANHANDLE. OMAHA AND FALLS CITY WERE THE COOLEST WITH HIGHS OF 77 WHILE SCOTTSBLUFF WAS THE WARMEST WITH A HIGH OF 86.

A FEW LIGHT SHOWERS OCCURRED IN EASTERN NEBRASKA THIS MORNING. OTHERWISE IT WAS MOSTLY CLEAR ACROSS THE STATE. OMAHA RECEIVED 0.05 INCHES OF RAIN AND BEATRICE 0.02 INCHES.

HIGH PRESSURE OVER THE SOUTHERN PLAINS WILL BRING FAIR WEATHER TO NEBRASKA THROUGH WEDNESDAY. AS THE HIGH MOVES EAST...SOUTHWEST WINDS WILL BRING IN WARMER AIR. LOWS TONIGHT WILL RANGE FROM THE UPPER 50S WEST TO THE MID 60S EAST. HIGH TEMPERATURES WEDNESDAY WILL BE IN THE UPPER 80S TO MID 90S.

4.1.2 Regional Weather Summary (RWS, ABUS31). This routine product provides a brief narrative on the weather situation for a multistate area. The Regional Headquarters may designate WSFOs or NWSFOs to prepare this product. Where prepared, it should be consistent with forecasts and summaries issued for states within the region covered. This product describes recent past weather (up to 24 hours back), present weather, and forecast conditions (up to 24 hours in the future). The emphasis should be on past and current weather. The synoptic features causing the weather may be mentioned but only in the very simplest nontechnical terms. Two suggested issuance times are midmorning and early to midevening.

Example:

WBCRWSWBC
TTAA00 KWBC 092200

REGIONAL WEATHER SUMMARY
FOR VIRGINIA...MARYLAND...DELAWARE...AND THE EASTERN PANHANDLE OF WEST VIRGINIA
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WASHINGTON DC
600 PM EDT SUN JUN 9 1991

...SUMMER WEATHER RETURNS...

A SUMMER WEATHER PATTERN WITH SUNNY SKIES RETURNED FOR THE FOUR STATE REGION AS TEMPERATURES CLIMBED FROM MORNING LOWS IN THE 60S TO THE UPPER 80S AND LOWER 90S. A T 5 PM EDT WASHINGTON NATIONAL AIRPORT RECORDED 88 DEGREES...BALTIMORE 90...WASHINGTON DULLES AIRPORT 87...AND RICHMOND 88.

AS THE HIGH PRESSURE CENTER OVER THE REGION MOVES OFFSHORE...A LIGHT SOUTHWEST FLOW OF WARM AIR WILL BRING HOT WEATHER TO THE REGION THROUGH MONDAY.

4.2 State Maximum/Minimum Temperature and Precipitation Table (STP, ABUS21). This tabular product contains the maximum and minimum temperatures (in Fahrenheit) and 24-hour precipitation totals from available reporting stations within the state or WSFO management area. Items, such as current weather and snow depth, may be included. Keep any additional data to a minimum.

In support of the Selected Cities Weather Summary and Forecasts (WSOM Chapter C-20, National Public Weather Products), this routine product shall be issued twice a day by WSFO/NWSFOs, or WSO/NWSOs they may designate, in the morning before 1230 Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) and in the afternoon or evening before 0030 UTC. Offices may send updated reports later as additional data become available. Offices also are strongly encouraged to list the highest and lowest temperatures for their state or area at the bottom of the report.

 

Example 1...Morning Issuance:

MSPSTPMN
TTAA00 KMSP 151216

MINNESOTA MAXIMUM/MINIMUM TEMPERATURE/PRECIPITATION TABLE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MINNEAPOLIS/ST PAUL MN
615 AM CST FRI NOV 15 1991

WEATHER AT 6 AM HIGH YDA 12 HR
LOW
24 HR PRECIP SNOW DEPTH
INCHES
STATION          
ALEXANDRIA CLEAR 45 30   2
DULUTH CLOUDY 55 31   13
HIBBING PTCLDY 47 31   8
INTL FALLS CLEAR 40 23   5
MPLS ST PAUL CLEAR 39 35 0.02 5
REDWOOD FALLS PTCLDY 37 33 T 2
ROCHESTER DRZL 41 36 0.35  
ST CLOUD CLEAR 39 33   3

HIGHEST TEMPERATURE REPORTED YESTERDAY...55 AT DULUTH

LOWEST TEMPERATURE REPORTED THIS MORNING...23 AT INTERNATIONAL FALLS

Example 2...Evening Issuance:

MSPSTPMN
TTAA00 KMSP 160016

MINNESOTA MAXIMUM/MINIMUM TEMPERATURE/PRECIPITATION TABLE
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MINNEAPOLIS/ST PAUL MN
615 PM CST FRI NOV 15 1991

  WEATHER AT 6 PM HIGH TODAY 18 HR
LOW
24 HR
PRECIP
STATION        
ALEXANDRIA CLEAR 40 26  
DULUTH CLOUDY 44 31  
HIBBING PTCLDY 41 26  
INTL FALLS CLEAR 39 21  
MPLS ST PAUL CLEAR 47 35 T
REDWOOD FALLS PTCLDY 49 33 T
ROCHESTER PTCLDY 41 36 0.01
ST CLOUD CLEAR 45 30 T

HIGHEST TEMPERATURE REPORTED TODAY...49 AT REDWOOD FALLS LOWEST
TEMPERATURE REPORTED THIS MORNING...21 AT INTERNATIONAL FALLS

4.3 State Weather Roundup (SWR). This product provides routine, standardized hourly observations within the state through NWWS. This product is automatically composed and transmitted at each WSFO/NWSFO, or designated WSO/NWSO, by use of a standard applications program that decodes the surface aviation observations. The AFOS product HRR (Hourly Weather Roundup) shall be exclusively an internal-to-AFOS message and used only for entering supplementary weather observations into the SWRs via the applications program. (NOTE: Different procedures may apply outside the conterminous United States.)

Each state's SWR has several groups of observations according to a geographical partitioning of the state. Each group of observations includes a Universal Generic Code header assigned for the public forecast zones within that part of the state. The partitioning is determined by the WSFO/NWSFO with consent of the Regional Headquarters. This allows users to select those states or parts of states they wish to receive to create their own "regional" weather roundup.

The SWRs are only to be uplinked on NWWS or sent locally on AFOS state distribution circuits. They are not to be sent on AFOS regional or national distribution circuits.

Note from the following examples that dew point shall be reported routinely right after temperature and before relative humidity. In remarks, Wind Chill Index shall be abbreviated by "WCI" and Heat Index by "HX." Below zero values for temperatures, dew point, and wind chill shall be indicated with a minus (-), not a "B."

Some observations are available a few minutes before the hour, while others may not be available until shortly after the hour. Therefore, offices may run the applications program just before the hour for fast dissemination of the early observations and again shortly after the hour when the rest of the observations are available. In the examples below, four more observations were available for the second transmission of the weather summary.

Until the complementary satellite cloud cover product is available, reports from unaugmented ASOS stations shall report "fair" in the sky/weather column when there are few or no clouds (i.e., scattered or less) below 12,000 feet with no significant weather and/or obstructions to visibility. A note explaining the meaning of "fair" shall appear after the mass news dissemination header of all SWRs.

Example 1 (1758 UTC):

FTWSWRTX
TTAA00 KFTW 251758

NORTH TEXAS HOURLY WEATHER ROUNDUP
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE FORT WORTH TX
100 PM CDT FRI SEP 25 1992

NOTE: "FAIR" INDICATES FEW OR NO CLOUDS BELOW 12,000 FEET WITH NO SIGNIFICANT WEATHER AND/OR OBSTRUCTIONS TO VISIBILITY.

CITY SKY/WX TEMP DEWPT RH WIND PRES REMARKS
TX021-026-031-251900-              
NORTH CENTRAL TEXAS              
DFW AIRPORT CLOUDY 74 68 82 SW3 29.86F
DALLAS LOVE CLOUDY 74 67 79 CALM 29.86F  
FORT WORTH MEA CLOUDY 75 69 82 SW5 29.85F
WACO CLOUDY 80 69 69 SE5 29.85F  
SHERMAN NOT AVBL            
KILLEEN, GRAY NOT AVBL            

$$

TX027-028-033-251900-

EASTERN NORTH TEXAS            
TYLER NOT AVBL          
LONGVIEW NOT AVBL          
LUFKIN PTCLDY 82 67 61 N7 29.87F

$$

TX020-024-025-251900-

WESTERN NORTH TEXAS
ABILENE CLEAR 80 64 58 SW16 29.85F
WICHITA FALLS CLOUDY 69 62 78 S7 29.86F
STEPHENVILLE PTCLDY 79 67 67 SW6 29.87F

$$

Example 2 (1808 UTC):

FTWSWRTX
TTAA00 RFTW 251808

NORTH TEXAS HOURLY WEATHER ROUNDUP
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE FORT WORTH TX
100 PM CDT FRI SEP 25 1992

NOTE: "FAIR" INDICATES FEW OR NO CLOUDS BELOW 12,000 FEET WITH NO SIGNIFICANT WEATHER AND/OR OBSTRUCTIONS TO VISIBILITY.

 

CITY SKY/WX TEMP DEWPT RH WIND PRES REMARKS
               
TX021-026-031-251900-              
NORTH CENTRAL TEXAS              
DFW AIRPORT CLOUDY 74 68 82 SW3 29.86F  
DALLAS LOVE CLOUDY 74 67 79 CALM 29.86F  
FORT WORTH MEA CLOUDY 75 69 82 SW5 29.85F  
WACO CLOUDY 80 69 69 SE5 29.85F  
SHERMAN PTCLDY 74 69 85 S7 29.85F  
KILLEEN, GRAY PTCLDY 84 73 70 E2 29.84F HX 91

$$

TX027-028-033-251900-            
EASTERN NORTH TEXAS            
TYLER MOCLDY 80 69 69 NE5 29.88F
LONGVIEW MOCLDY 80 70 72 CALM 29.87F
LUFKIN PTCLDY 82 67 61 N7 29.87F

$$

TX020-024-025-251900-            
WESTERN NORTH TEXAS            
ABILENE CLEAR 80 64 58 SW16 29.85F
WICHITA FALLS CLOUDY 69 62 78 S7 29.86F
STEPHENVILLE PTCLDY 79 67 67 SW6 29.87F

 

$$

4.4 Report. This is a routine or nonroutine product dealing primarily with observed data for special application. It may be either in tabular or narrative form or a combination of the two.

4.4.1 Record Report (RER, SXUS99). Use this nonroutine narrative product to report meteorological and hydrological events that equal or exceed existing records. The following are examples that should be reported as data availability allow.

 

Record Variable                                                     For:

Temperature  
maximum day, month, season, all time
minimum day, month, season, all time
highest so early spring
highest so late fall
lowest so late spring
lowest so early fall
lowest maximum day, month, season, all time
highest minimum day, month, season, all time
Sea level pressure...  
highest all time
lowest all time
Wind  
highest speed all time
highest gust all time
Largest hail size all time
Most precipitation/snowfall  
within calendar day day, month, season, all time
within 24-hour period month, season, all time
"storm" total month, season, all time
Greatest snow depth month, season, all time
Highest/lowest river stages all time

Example:

WBCRERBWI
TTAA00 KBWI 081930

RECORD REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BALTIMORE MD
330 PM EDT MON APR 8 1991

...THERE WAS ANOTHER RECORD WARM DAY IN BALTIMORE...

THE TEMPERATURE AT BALTIMORE WASHINGTON INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT REACHED 86 DEGREES THIS AFTERNOON. THIS BREAKS THE DAILY RECORD OF 85 DEGREES SET IN 1959.

4.4.2 Climatological Report (Daily) (CLI, CSUS2). This product presents most data in a tabulated form but may use some narrative statements. Organize the report so that similar items are grouped together (i.e., temperature, precipitation, etc.). This is a routine daily product, issued at least daily in the early morning, similar to the example shown below. Additional abbreviated reports may be suitable, particularly just before major newscast times or in the early evening. Local offices may append specialized data to meet the needs of local users (e.g., hourly air temperatures, water temperatures, sunshine, sky cover, humidity, wind, etc.).

Example:

CLECLICLE
TTAA00 KCLE 130700

CLIMATOLOGICAL REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE CLEVELAND OH
200 AM EST WED JAN 13 1988

CLEVELAND OH CLIMATOLOGICAL SUMMARY FOR TUESDAY JAN 12 1988

WEATHER ITEM
VALUE
ACTUAL
VALUE
RECORD
VALUE
DEPARTURE
FROM NORMAL
LAST
YEAR'S VALUE
TEMPERATURE (F)        
HIGH 37 65 (1916) -2 36
LOW 11 -9 (1886) 0 27
MEAN 24   -1 32
PRECIPITATION TOTALS (IN)        
FOR DAY 0.00 1.47 (1889) -0.08 0.00
FOR MONTH TO DATE 0.16   -0.72 0.92
FOR YEAR TO DATE 0.16   -0.72 0.92
SNOWFALL TOTALS (IN)        
FOR DAY 0.0      
FOR MONTH TO DATE 1.3      
FOR SEASON TO DATE 18.7      
SNOW DEPTH (IN) TRACE      
HEATING DEGREE DAYS        
FOR DAY 41   -1 48
FOR MONTH TO DATE 544   -119 457
SINCE JULY 1 2685 +173 2156
COOLING DEGREE DAYS        
FOR DAY 0   0 0
FOR MONTH TO DATE 0   0 0
SINCE JANUARY 1 0   0 0

********                 ********
(any additional local specialized data)

********                  ********

CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA FOR WED JAN 13 1988

WEATHER ITEM RECORD VALUE NORMAL VALUE LAST YEAR'S VALUE
HIGH TEMPERATURE 69 (1903) 38 38
LOW TEMPERATURE -10 (1886) 11 15
PRECIPITATION 1.89 (1907) 0.05 0.00

SUNRISE: 752 AM EST SUNSET: 520 PM EST

4.4.3 CLIMATOLOGICAL Report (Longer Term) (CLM, CSUS3). This product is used to report miscellaneous climatological data on a routine basis (e.g., weekly, monthly, seasonally, yearly, etc.). This product may also be issued nonroutinely. It may be a mix of tabular and narrative information. It should be organized so similar items are grouped together. A CLM should be issued at least monthly (in the first few days of the month) similar to the example shown below. Local offices may append specialized data to meet the needs of local users (e.g., sunshine, sky cover, humidity, wind, etc.). Record data in the monthly report should include all information suggested in section 4.4.1 for the RER in addition to other information of interest.

Example:

WBCCLMWBC
TTAA00 KWBC 011500

MONTHLY CLIMATOLOGICAL REPORT FOR DECEMBER 1991
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WASHINGTON DC
1000 AM EST WED JAN 1 1992

DECEMBER 1991 WAS WARMER THAN NORMAL. THERE WERE ONLY 8 DAYS DURING THE MONTH WHEN TEMPERATURES AVERAGED BELOW NORMAL. COLD AIR OUTBREAKS ON THE 4TH-5TH, 15TH-16TH, AND 18TH-20TH WERE SHORT LIVED. RAINFALL FOR THE MONTH WAS ABOVE NORMAL. THIS WAS THE WETmanual DECEMBER SINCE 1983. NO SNOW FELL THIS MONTH...THE FIRST DECEMBER WITH NO SNOW SINCE 1972.

THE SIGNIFICANT WEATHER EVENT OF THE MONTH WAS THE STRONG WINDS WHICH ACCOMPANIED A COLD FRONT ON THE AFTERNOON OF THE 14TH WITH NORTHWEST WINDS GUSTING TO 52 MILES AN HOUR. THERE WERE NUMEROUS POWER OUTAGES AND DOWNED TREES ACROSS THE METROPOLITAN AREA.

 

WEATHER ITEM ACTUAL VALUE DEPARTURE FROM NORMAL
TEMPERATURE (F)    
HIGHEST 71 (9TH)  
LOWEST 19 (19TH)  
AVERAGE MAXIMUM 50.4 +3.8
AVERAGE MINIMUM 34.2 +3.0
MEAN 42.3 +3.4
DAYS MAX 90 OR HIGHER 0  
DAYS MAX 32 OR LOWER 0  
DAYS MIN 32 OR LOWER 17  
DAYS MIN ZERO OR LOWER 0  
PRECIPITATION (IN)    
TOTAL 5.07 +1.89
GREAmanual 24 HOUR TOTAL 1.15 (2ND-3RD)  
DAYS PRECIP .01 OR MORE 11  
DAYS PRECIP .10 OR MORE 8  
DAYS PRECIP .50 OR MORE 5  
DAYS PRECIP 1.00 OR MORE 1  
SNOWFALL (IN)    
TOTAL FOR MONTH 0  
TOTAL FOR SEASON TRACE  
GREAmanual 24 HOUR TOTAL 0  
GREAmanual SNOW DEPTH 0  
HEATING DEGREE DAYS    
MONTH 696 -113
SINCE JULY 1 1384 -124
COOLING DEGREE DAYS    
MONTH 0 0
SINCE JANUARY 1 1991 1932 +502
SKY COVER    
CLEAR DAYS 8  
PARTLY CLOUDY DAYS 9  
CLOUDY DAYS 14  

(any additional special localized data)

...RECORD DATA...

DATE TYPE FOR NEW RECORD PREVIOUS RECORD AND YEAR
9 HIGH DAY 71 70 IN 1951
1 HIGHEST MIN DAY 56 52 IN 1914
13 HIGHEST MIN DAY 51 /TIE/ 51 IN 1931

4.4.4 Recreational Report (REC, FWUS1). Use this product to relay reports on conditions for resorts and recreational areas and/or events. This report may also contain forecast information. Reports for recreational areas and resorts are often routine products, typically for a season, but possibly year-round.

Examples:

SLCRECSLC
TTAA00 KSLC 171252

UTAH RECREATION REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SALT LAKE CITY UT
550 AM MST TUE DEC 17 1991

SNOWFALL TOTALS FOR SELECTED SKI RESORTS AS OF 6AM

RESORT TOTAL SNOW INCHES NEW SNOW INCHES REMARKS
       
ALTA 56 3  
BEAVER MTN 28    
BRIAN HEAD 30 1  
BRIGHTON 47    
ELK MEADOWS 36 1  
PARK CITY 39    
PARK WEST 26    
POWDER MTN 46    
SNOWBIRD 45 3  
SOLITUDE 45    

UTAH CROSS COUNTRY SKI AREAS

RESORT KM TRACK OPEN
RUBY'S INN 15 K
SOLITUDE NORDIC 15 K
SUNDANCE 10 K
WHITE PINE 9 K

4.5 Statement. A statement is a narrative message that generally deals with a current or expected condition that may be of significant or general interest. In most cases, use this message to increase public awareness or to encourage the public to take some precautionary action. This is a nonroutine product.

4.5.1 Severe Weather Statement (SVS, WWUS34). Use this statement to provide additional information on severe weather conditions (including blizzard warnings) which have occurred or are occurring and followup information on convective warnings. See WSOM Chapters C-40, Severe Local Storm Warnings; C-42, Winter Weather Warnings; and C-44, Non-Precipitation Weather Hazards, for details.

4.5.2 Special Weather Statement (SPS, WWUS35). SPSs are normally issued to provide additional information about expected and ongoing significant weather changes not covered in other statements. This would include non-severe convective events, winter weather, high wind, heat, and obstructions to visibility. See appropriate WSOM chapters, including C-40, C-42, and C-44, for further details regarding the uses of SPSs in specific program areas. See WSOM Chapter C-41, Hurricane Warnings, for optional use of the SPS for probability of hurricane/tropical storm conditions.

4.5.3 Public Information Statement (PNS, ABUS34). This narrative message can be used for:

o a current or expected nonhazardous event of general interest to the public that can usually be covered with a single message. This may include: unusual atmospheric phenomena such as sun dogs, halos, rainbows, aurora borealis, or lenticular clouds; and stories about a long-term dry/cold/wet/warm spell (although any related new records are also to be reported under RER as indicated in section 4.4.1).

o public educational information and activities, such as storm safety rules, awareness activities, storm drills, etc.

o information regarding service changes, service limitations or interruptions due to reduced or lost power or equipment outages, or special information clarifying interpretation of NWS data. For example, this product may be used to inform users of radar equipment outages or special information clarifying interpretation of radar data originating from an unusual source which may be mistaken for precipitation (such as chaff drops, smoke plumes, etc., that produce echoes on the radar display).

o weather conditions related to special events (parades, ceremonies, spectator sports, etc.).

Examples:

OMAPNSOMA
TTAA00 KOMA 011500

PUBLIC INFORMATION STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE OMAHA NE
1000 AM CDT WED MAY 1 1991

...IT WAS THE WETmanual JANUARY THROUGH APRIL IN OMAHA IN 18 YEARS...

WITH 5.74 INCHES OF PRECIPITATION IN APRIL...OMAHA'S TOTAL PRECIPITATION FOR THE FIRST FOUR MONTHS OF 1991 WAS 11.36 INCHES...NEARLY FIVE INCHES ABOVE THE NORMAL OF 6.39 INCHES FOR THAT PERIOD. IT IS THE THIRD WETmanual FIRST FOUR MONTHS IN OMAHA ON RECORD...AND THE WETmanual IN 18 YEARS WHEN 11.87 INCHES FELL DURING JANUARY THROUGH APRIL OF 1973. THE WETmanual FIRST FOUR MONTHS EVER RECORDED WAS 12.31 INCHES IN 1951.

 

CHIPNSCHI
TTAA00 KCHI 181514

PUBLIC INFORMATION STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE CHICAGO IL
900 AM CST WED DEC 18 1991

THIS IS WINTER WEATHER AWARENESS WEEK. THIS IS THE THIRD IN A SERIES OF STATEMENTS ON WINTER WEATHER. TODAY'S TOPIC IS PROTECTION FROM BITTER COLD WEATHER.

PROLONGED EXPOSURE TO THE COLD CAN RESULT IN HYPOTHERMIA... FROSTBITE...AND EVEN DEATH. TO PROTECT YOURSELF FROM THE COLD...WEAR SEVERAL LAYERS OF LIGHTWEIGHT...LOOSE-FITTING...WARM CLOTHING RATHER THAN ONE SINGLE THICK LAYER. MITTENS ARE WARMER THAN GLOVES. A HAT OR HOOD THAT PROTECTS THE MOUTH AND FACE IS ALSO IMPORTANT.

ARCTIC EXPLORERS AND MILITARY EXPERTS HAVE DEVELOPED WHAT IS CALLED THE WIND CHILL INDEX...WHICH SHOWS THE COMBINED EFFECTS OF WIND AND TEMPERATURE AS EQUIVALENT TO CALM AIR TEMPERATURES. IN EFFECT...THE INDEX DESCRIBES THE COOLING POWER OF THE AIR ON EXPOSED FLESH. THE WIND CHILL INDEX IS DESIGNED FOR HUMAN FLESH AND IS NOT APPLICABLE TO INANIMATE OBJECTS. AN AUTOMOBILE ENGINE WILL NEVER COOL BELOW THE ACTUAL AIR TEMPERATURE BUT A STRONG WIND WILL ALLOW IT TO COOL DOWN FASTER.

WIND CHILL ADVISORIES ARE ISSUED FOR ILLINOIS WHEN THE WIND CHILL IS -30 TO -40 OR COLDER.

TOMORROW'S TOPIC WILL BE WINTER STORM SAFETY ON THE ROAD.

SEAPNSSEA
TTAA00 KSEA 021831

PUBLIC INFORMATION STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE SEATTLE WA
1030 AM PST MON MAR 2 1992

NOAA WEATHER RADIO...KHB-60 SEATTLE...WILL BE INTERMITTENTLY OFF THE AIR THROUGH FRIDAY. THE OUTAGE IS DUE TO MAINTENANCE BEING DONE ON THE ANTENNA AT THE TRANSMITTER SITE ON GOLD MOUNTAIN. PROBLEMS WITH THE ANTENNA HAVE BEEN THE CAUSE OF RECEPTION PROBLEMS EXPERIENCED SINCE LAST THURSDAY.

 

WBCPNSWBC
TTAA00 KWBC 021940

PUBLIC INFORMATION STATEMENT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE WASHINGTON DC
240 PM EST MON MAR 2 1992

...ATTENTION USERS OF NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE RADAR DISPLAYS...

THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE RADAR AT STERLING VA IS DETECTING CHAFF DROPPED BY AIRPLANES CONDUCTING EXERCISES OVER NORTHERN VIRGINIA...FROM HARRISONBURG TO WARRENTON. THERE IS NO PRECIPITATION OCCURRING IN THIS AREA.

4.5.4 Other Statements. For hydrologic, fire weather, agricultural, marine, hurricane, air pollution statements, etc., see appropriate WSOM chapters.