Safety Guidance, Practices, and Procedures

DND-CAT recognizes that the misuse and improper maintenance of hand tools and portable power tools cause a significant number of injuries to even “experienced” workers. Consequently, DND-CAT has adopted the following policies and procedures to minimize the hazards associated with the use of such equipment at the APS.

These guidelines apply to all usage of hand tools and portable power tools by DND-CAT personnel while performing maintenance or installation activities at the APS. Although DND-CAT feels that most of the guidelines also apply to tool usage during experimental activities, DND-CAT will not require that short-term users complete the training described below.

4.2.2 USING TOOLS SAFELY

• If you have not had formal training in the use of common tools, either view the video Hand Power Tool Safety, which is available from the Office of the AOD ES&H Coordinator, or attend ANL ESH Course #141. DND-CAT supervisors or other capable persons designated by supervisors will also demonstrate correct tool usage during on-the-job training. [The APS can provide additional information adaptable to most training needs for air-powered tools.]

• Plan each job well in advance and ensure that the proper tools are available; give consideration to special tools that would provide for greater efficiency and safety.

• Inspect all portable power tools upon receipt, and at least semi-annually thereafter, using the criteria given in Table 1. If a tool is defective, remove it from service immediately and repair or discard it. If it passes the inspection and tests, label it with the inspection date [as indicated in Table 2 ] on commercially available foil labels designed for this purpose.

• Never use a tool that has an out-of-date inspection code without first inspecting it as indicated in Table 1.

• Power tools must be either three-wire grounded or double-insulated and listed by Underwriters’ Laboratories or another recognized listing agency.

• Always plug cord-connected, hand-held electric tools into GFCI-protected receptacles.

• Portable electric tools used in the vicinity of sinks and wet environments must comply with the grounding requirements of Title 29 CFR Part 1910, Subpart S, and they must be powered from a GFCI-protected circuit.

4.2.3 References

The primary references for this set of guidelines are the 10^th Edition of the National Safety Council’s Accident Prevention Manual and the ANL ESH Manual.

4.3 DND-CAT Guidelines for Personal Protective Equipment

4.3.1 Introduction

DND-CAT recognizes that improper selection or misuse of personal protective equipment (PPE) can have severe consequences. Consequently, the CAT has adopted the following policies and procedures to ensure the proper selection and use of such equipment by DND-CAT personnel working at the APS.

4.3.2 Roles & Responsibilities

• The DND-CAT Safety Coordinator or designate shall review and approve PPE as indicated below.

• Supervisors and Principal Investigators shall plan each job well in advance, giving adequate consideration to selecting PPE that would provide for greater safety and efficiency. The DND-CAT Safety Coordinator will then review the selection(s).

• Supervisors, Principal Investigators, and Laboratory Safety Captains shall ensure that appropriate PPE is available when needed.

• Supervisors, Principal Investigators, and Laboratory Safety Captains shall not assume that DND-CAT personnel initially know how to select or safely use PPE. Instead, they shall provide for all necessary instruction and guidance.

• Supervisors and Principal Investigators shall enforce the use of proper PPE.

• Supervisors and Principal Investigators shall routinely observe DND-CAT personnel's use of PPE to ensure that the equipment is being used correctly. They shall also periodically look for signs of abuse or misuse.

• Supervisors, Principal Investigators, and Laboratory Safety Captains shall establish a means of periodically verifying that reusable PPE remains in good condition and that defective PPE is immediately removed from service.

• Supervisors and Principal Investigators shall ensure that required storage facilities are available where needed and that members properly store PPE that is not in use.

• Members shall be instructed to restrict their use of PPE to what has been approved for the member’s intended application.

• As appropriate, members shall inspect PPE and refrain from using equipment that fails to pass the inspection.

4.3.3 PPE Approvals

Because the limitations of various types of PPE are not commonly understood, all personal protective equipment must be approved for its intended use by the DND-CAT Safety Coordinator. In the event the DND-CAT Safety Coordinator is unavailable, a knowledgeable supervisor may approve the use of PPE after consultation with the AOD ES&H Coordinator or ANL ESH Division.

4.3.4 Guidance on Common Types of Personal Protective Equipment

4.3.4.1 Safety Eyewear

DND-CAT personnel will wear appropriate protective eyewear that meets the requirements of the ANSI Standard Z87.1 whenever they are in areas, or performing activities, that pose a danger of eye injury.

Plano (noncorrective) safety glasses, face shields, and chemical splash goggles can be obtained from the APS stockroom. All DND-CAT personnel should specify safety glasses that have side shields. Contact the DND-CAT Safety Coordinator for guidance on obtaining prescription safety glasses.

Personnel who already have safety glasses should seek verification from the DND-CAT Safety Coordinator or AOD ES&H Coordinator that their eyewear satisfies all requirements.

4.3.4.2 Safety Footwear

In posted areas and when activities present a moderate or greater risk of foot injury, DND-CAT personnel should wear safety footwear that meets the requirements of ANSI Standard Z41.

4.3.4.3 Head Protection

DND-CAT members working in construction areas or in other areas where there is a danger of head injury from falling or propelled objects must wear hard hats (safety helmets) that satisfy the requirements of the ANSI Z89.1 or Z89.2 standards. Hard hats are available from the APS stockroom.

4.3.4.4 Hearing Protection

DND-CAT members who wish to use hearing protection equipment should consult with the AOD ES&H Coordinator. The equipment is available from the APS stockroom.

4.3.5 Reference

The primary reference for this set of guidelines is Chapter 12-1 of the ANL ESH Manual.

4.4.1 Introduction

By means of the practices described below, DND-CAT hopes to reduce risks resulting from persons inadvertently entering a hazardous work area.

4.4.2 CREATING AN EXCLUSION ZONE

When performing work that could put others at risk, you must demarcate an exclusion zone around your work. This is typically done with yellow and black plastic “barricade tape.” Use signs, placards, and other postings as necessary to warn others not to enter the demarcated area unless they have business in the area and have authorization (blanket or occasion-specific) to enter. Where appropriate, post special requirements for entry.

4.4.3 Entering an exclusion zone

4.4.4 Warning signs

Caution—Eye Protection Required signs shall be posted at the entry to all areas where the potential for eye injury exists, such as laboratories, shops, and beamline radiation enclosures.

Caution—Hard Hat Required signs shall be posted at the entry to all areas where the potential for head injury exists, such as where installation work is being performed overhead or where persons might bump their heads on low-hanging objects.

Caution—Foot Protection Required signs shall be posted at the entry to all areas where there is a moderate-or-greater likelihood of suffering a foot injury caused by a falling or rolling object.

A HOT sign shall be posted during bakeouts of vacuum equipment and while hot plates and heating mantles are in use.

These hazard and warning signs and others are available through the DND-CAT Secretary or DND-CAT Safety Coordinator.

4.5 DND-CAT Guidelines for ELECTRICAL SAFETY WORK PRACTICES

4.5.1 Purpose

This document provides basic safety guidance for beamline personnel who are constructing, installing, testing, repairing, or modifying electrical equipment in APS laboratories and on the experiment hall floor. This guidance has been adopted from the documents listed under REFERENCES. These references should be consulted for situations that are not covered in this document and when a more detailed examination of the regulations is needed to ensure full compliance. The DND-CAT Electrical Safety Coordinator shall be considered as the authority for interpreting the applicable codes and regulations.

4.5.2 General Work Practices

4.5.2.1 Introduction

Both DND-CAT and the APS strongly emphasize electrical safety awareness. Low-level alternating current can be extremely dangerous if the path of the current is through the heart. This can cause ventricular fibrillation, which may quickly lead to death. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can save some victims if applied immediately. CPR training is available from the ANL Fire Department; biennial recertification is required.

4.5.2.2 Precautions

• Always use safety glasses with plastic frames as the minimum eye protection when fabricating or maintaining electrical equipment.

• Always remove metallic personal articles (e.g., watches, rings, earrings, necklaces, key chains, or wristbands) before working on electrical or electronic equipment.

• Never use metal ladders or metal measuring tape where they may come in contact with electrical equipment. Use ladders with fiberglass side rails instead.

• Report abandoned electrical cables and equipment to your DND-CAT Electrical Safety Coordinator.

• Be alert for stray currents following paths caused by leakage (surface contamination), corona, or the ionizing effect of a flame.

• When working on any equipment that poses a high hazard (i.e., high-voltage power supplies, dischargeable capacitors, step-down transformers, complexes of electrical cabling, etc.), always have at least one person present who is trained in emergency-response procedures and has up-to-date certification in CPR.

• Most importantly, if you observe a potential hazard, report it immediately to your CAT Safety or Electrical Safety Coordinator or APS Floor Coordinator.

The DND-CAT and ANL restrict work on equipment that remains connected to energy sources if workers could contact energized components with a potential of 50 volts or greater to ground. If such work is necessary, strictly follow ANL “working hot” procedures (below). Contact your DND-CAT Electrical Safety Coordinator for further information or consult Chapter 9-1 of the ANL ESH Manual.

4.5.2.3 Safe Cord and Cable Usage

Never use single-to-multiple outlet converters (“cube taps”). Instead, use power distribution strips with integral power cords, built-in circuit breakers, and built-in surge protection. These are available through the Argonne Materials Ordering System (AMOS).

Equipment that is not double-insulated must have a three-prong, grounded plug. Plug tools equipped with a three-prong plug into a three-hole electrical receptacle. If you use an adapter to accommodate a two-prong receptacle, the adapter must be attached to a known ground. Never use any equipment containing a three-prong plug with the ground pin removed.

Use only DND-CAT-issued extension cords. Never run them through walls, windows, or doorways or behind walls, ceilings, or floors, and do not connect extension cords in series.

Flexible cords create a tripping hazard when laid across floors. Use cable trays or similar devices to suspend the cords over the work area if possible. Where this is not feasible, mark the area as a work area with appropriate signs and barricades and use cord ducts or place protective runways over the cords.

Properly identify electrical cables at all points of termination or splicing to facilitate their eventual removal. Also, use cable tables and interwiring diagrams to document any electrical wiring that you install. Immediately remove all cables that are no longer in use and update the tables and diagrams accordingly.

4.5.2.4 Portable Electrical Tools

4.5.3 De-energizing Electrical Equipment

De-energize electrical equipment before working on it, except as noted below. Before working on electrical equipment, notify the DND-CAT Electrical Safety Coordinator and, as appropriate, DND-CAT management that the equipment requires servicing. Upon receiving authorization, de-energize the system using the procedures described below.

4.5.3.1 Plug-and-Cord Connected Equipment

Many types of electrical equipment may be de-energized by simply unplugging the power cord and maintaining control over the plug. Nevertheless, before beginning work, verify that the equipment has not stored electrical energy. In some equipment, circuits having the potential for storing electrical energy are marked at the points where a grounding stick is to be applied. If this is not the case, check the circuits with an appropriate test instrument (e.g., a voltmeter) to locate sources of stored electrical energy. Drain stored energy with a grounding stick and use the test instrument to verify that the energy has been discharged. Keep the grounding stick connected to the main discharge point while working on the equipment.

4.5.3.2 Hard-Wired Equipment: Lockout/Tagout Procedures

For electrical equipment that is hard-wired to breaker or disconnect boxes, use the following lockout/tagout procedure to de-energize the circuit and ensure that it will not be inadvertently reactivated during work. Never attempt to start, energize, or use equipment that is locked out of service, and never attempt to defeat a lock or remove a tag without authorization. The ANL-required lockout/tagout procedures are described below; for more information, refer to Chapter 7-1 of the ANL ESH Manual or consult the Electrical Safety Coordinator.

1. Identify all energy sources and control switches or other energy isolating devices that control the supply of energy to the equipment to be locked out.

2. Notify your CAT Electrical Safety Coordinator, supervisor, and affected personnel about the lockout. This notification can be verbal.

3. If the equipment is operating, notify the person responsible for the equipment that the equipment is to be shut down and verify that the controls have been left in the “OFF” position.

4. Disengage all energy sources, and verify with an appropriate test instrument that power has been turned off.

5. Place a lock on the energy isolating device that controls the energy source (each person working on the equipment must apply a separate lock). Use only approved locks obtained from the lockout/tagout stations throughout the APS site. Register each lock and tag removed from the station in the station logbook and fill out the information required by the lockout tag. Each worker then keeps the key to his or her lock until that lock is removed.

6. Dissipate all stored energy where possible, and use an appropriate instrument to verify that the energy has been dissipated. (See Section on Plug-and-Cord Connected Equipment.)

7. Prior to starting work on equipment that has been locked out, all workers should verify collectively that the equipment is isolated and de-energized. (A grounding stick should be kept in place while work continues, as described above.)

8. If work carries over to the next shift, notify all members of the next shift that the equipment is still under lockout and remove all locks; the members of the next shift must then apply their own locks and tags.

4.5.4 Performing Work on Electrically Energized Circuits ("Working Hot")

4.5.4.1 Developmental Work or Testing

Routine electronic and electrical work of a developmental or testing nature may be done, without a hot work permit or an assigned Safety Watch, while the electrical circuits involved are energized. However, the work must be performed in accordance with the definitive written procedures and DND-CAT rules of electrical safety listed below under "Protective Measures."

4.5.4.2 Other Work on Electrically Energized Circuits

Other than those tasks covered by the section above, work on or near electrically energized components having a potential of 50 volts or greater above ground may be done only after obtaining a Hot Work Permit (Electrical) and designating a Safety Watch. The Electrical Safety Coordinator will specify additional requirements for working hot and will define the applicability of blanket permits. Persons who anticipate a need to work hot while at the APS should discuss their planned activities with the CAT Electrical Safety Coordinator well in advance.

Working hot shall be conducted in accordance with the procedures contained in Chapter 9-1 of the ANL ESH Manual. These procedures are summarized below:

1. A Hot Work Permit (Electrical) must be processed and approved prior to the start of work.

2. Appoint one person as the Safety Watch. A Safety Watch is responsible for ensuring that all protective devices and procedures are used and that all safety requirements are met. The Safety Watch must have:

• immediate access to a telephone or radio to call 911 in case of an emergency, and

3. Obtain proper training and a thorough knowledge of the circuitry involved from a study of the physical system or an up-to-date schematic drawing. Locate and note all de-energizing points and energizing sources.

4. Use proper protective equipment and only those power sources having adequate fault protection.

4.5.4.3 Protective Measures

1. Insulate yourself from contact with ground potential and energized parts by using insulated tools; linemen’s gloves, mats, and sleeves (all inspected and tested); phenolic sheets; dry boards; rubber-soled shoes (no nails); and/or insulative mechanical barriers. Do not depend on the insulation on energized wires for protection; it may have cracks or other defects. All tools used for electrical work must be insulated sufficiently to protect the worker during normal use of the tool. Linemen’s gloves must be tested and rated for more than the voltage of the energized parts. Insulative barriers should prevent anyone from falling or leaning into live parts and should also prevent any live parts such as a wire, cable, or bus bar from falling onto people or grounded metal.

3. Ground all noncurrent-carrying parts that may become accidentally energized by a shorting tool or other object in order to prevent shocks to grounded persons.

4. To protect yourself against the splatter of accidental arcing, wear plastic-framed safety glasses, long sleeves, a buttoned shirt, and a hard hat.

4.5.4.4 References

4.6 DND-CAT Guidelines for The Management of Chemicals

4.6.1 Introduction

This guideline describes the policies and practices that DND-CAT will follow to reduce accidents and control adverse effects that may result from the use of hazardous substances in DND-CAT’s facilities at the APS. This guideline applies to all chemicals used for DND-CAT’s installation and maintenance activities and to all chemical reagents used for laboratory purposes. Experimental samples are included only to the extent specified below.

While this guideline does provide policies and general guidance, it may not include all precautions that are needed for the safe conduct of certain operations. DND-CAT has developed other guidelines that define how hazard controls for individual operations will be determined and implemented. In general, the supervisor or Principal Investigator is responsible for obtaining the information and implementing the controls necessary for workers to perform work without endangering themselves, others, or the environment. DND-CAT welcomes suggestions for alternatives to the proposed controls.

4.6.2 Roles & Responsibilities

4.6.2.1 Users of Chemicals will:

• Become familiar with the hazards associated with the chemicals before using them, and

• Become familiar with the hazard controls for the intended application of the chemicals and verify the proper functioning of such controls before chemical usage begins.

4.6.2.2 Supervisory Personnel (Including Principal Investigators) will:

• Provide the DND-CAT Safety Coordinator or Chemical Safety Coordinator with timely advanced notice of the need to use chemicals;

• Give the DND-CAT Safety Coordinator appropriate safety information for each chemical;

• Become familiar with the hazards associated with the chemicals and ensure that the information is communicated to the persons working with the chemicals; and

• Become familiar with appropriate hazard controls and ensure that required controls are in place before workers begin using the chemicals.

4.6.2.3 Laboratory Safety Captains will:

• Maintain an awareness of the chemical-related activities conducted in the spaces under their control;

• Periodically verify the proper functioning of the engineered controls and the proper maintenance of storage facilities; and

• Periodically verify the proper labeling of chemicals stored in their facilities.

4.6.2.4 The Safety Coordinator and Chemical Safety Coordinator will:

• Review the proposed introduction of new chemicals into DND-CAT’s facilities to verify that sufficient controls are (or will be) in place to ensure that the chemicals can be used safely, and

• Review proposed new uses of chemicals that are currently in stock, to verify that sufficient controls are (or will be) in place to ensure that the chemicals can be used safely.

4.6.3 Controls on the Introduction and Usage of Chemicals

4.6.3.1 Pre-Purchase and Pre-Usage Reviews

DND-CAT personnel wishing to bring new chemicals into the DND-CAT facilities at the APS must obtain approval from the DND-CAT Safety Coordinator or DND-CAT Chemical Safety Coordinator. Obtaining approval requires, at a minimum, submitting Material Safety Data Sheets for the chemicals. DND-CAT will also rely on information gleaned from its Experiment Safety Review procedure to alert it to the planned use of hazardous chemicals.

4.6.3.2 Review Criteria

DND-CAT personnel reviewing the proposed new usage of a chemical in the DND-CAT facilities will consider the following issues:

Approval will not be given until the reviewer is satisfied that all concerns have been addressed, or can be addressed before the chemical is brought in (or used for a new purpose).

4.6.4 HAZARD COMMUNICATION

4.6.4.1 Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

No chemical will be allowed to enter the DND-CAT facilities without a current, manufacturer-provided MSDS. A copy of the MSDS will be given to the DND-CAT Secretary, who will file it with other MSDSs and verify that the chemical appears on the List of Hazardous Chemicals. Additional copies of the MSDS will be filed in the Laboratory Information Binder for each DND-CAT work area where the chemical is to be used and with the Office of the AOD ES&H Coordinator. All DND-CAT personnel will have access to both DND-CAT sets of MSDSs.

4.6.4.2 Container Labels

All containers holding hazardous chemicals in DND-CAT’s facilities at the APS will be labeled in accordance with OSHA requirements (see REFERENCES). DND-CAT will rely on the veracity, accuracy, and sufficiency of the manufacturer-affixed labels on the original containers. DND-CAT personnel shall not remove manufacturer-affixed labels. If DND-CAT personnel transfer hazardous chemicals to other containers, those containers shall be labeled, at a minimum, with:

• The name of the chemical that appears on the original container and the Material Safety Data Sheet; and

DND-CAT permits the use of NFPA 704 labels providing they contain additional text describing health effects and other specific hazard warnings.

4.6.4.3 Training

DND-CAT requires all personnel using its facilities to have all the training required by OSHA with regard to the chemicals being used in their work area. Supervisors and Principal Investigators are responsible for providing personnel working under their direction with this information, which includes the following:

• Methods and observations that may be used to detect the presence or release of a hazardous chemical in the work area;

• The measures that can be taken to protect oneself from these hazards, including specific procedures required by DND-CAT, the use of personal protective equipment and engineered controls specified by DND-CAT, and appropriate emergency procedures.

DND-CAT and its personnel may, as is appropriate on a case-by-case basis, use the training capabilities of Argonne National Laboratory and the APS to satisfy chemical-specific training requirements.

4.6.4.4 Information on Hazardous Chemicals Used in Neighboring Sectors

DND-CAT personnel may request information on chemicals used in neighboring CAT sectors through the Office of the AOD ES&H Coordinator or from an APS Floor Coordinator.

4.6.5 Chemical Hygiene Requirements

DND-CAT’s Chemical Hygiene Plan, including the laboratory-specific requirements of the plan, is contained in the Laboratory Information Binder(s) maintained in the lab(s) where the hazardous chemicals are being used. See the DND-CAT Guideline on Laboratory Information Binders for additional guidance.

4.6.6 References

For more information on the management of hazardous chemicals, see the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard, Title 29 CFR 1910.1200, or Chapter 4 of the ANL ESH Manual.

4.7 DND-CAT Guideline FOR The Management of Hazardous Waste

4.7.1 Introduction

4.7.1.1 Purpose

The procedures described in this guideline are intended to keep the DND-CAT’s APS operations in compliance with Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) requirements and Argonne National Laboratory policies, and minimize the environmental impact caused by use of the DND-CAT facilities at the APS.

4.7.1.2 Definitions

Hazardous waste: any unwanted, nonrecyclable, unsalvageable solid, liquid, or gaseous material that is considered hazardous if released without treatment or control into the environment. A listing of detailed criteria for characterizing materials as hazardous waste is available from the Office of the AOD ES&H Coordinator.

Waste generator: the person whose work with a material first caused the material to become a hazardous waste.

Process knowledge: the waste generator’s knowledge of the source, use, handling, and storage of a material, particularly about the potential for radioactive contamination by activation or cross contamination.

Satellite Accumulation Area: a demarcated area set aside for the temporary storage of hazardous waste at or near the point of generation. Wastes in a Satellite Accumulation Area (SAA) are under the control of the waste generator.

4.7.1.3 Applicability & Scope

This guideline applies to all personnel working at the DND-CAT’s APS facilities and to materials that are hazardous waste or might reasonably be predicted to become hazardous waste. It does not address radioactive materials.

4.7.2 Roles & Responsibilities

4.7.2.1 Waste Generators

• Minimize the volume and toxicity of wastes through advanced planning and control of work methods;

• Communicate anticipated waste storage requirements to the appropriate Laboratory Safety Captain or Chemical Safety Coordinator;

• Manage the handling and documentation of waste so that it can be disposed of by Argonne National Laboratory legally, efficiently, and cost-effectively;

• Establish process controls capable of ensuring that nonradioactive materials are not activated or contaminated with radioactive materials;

• Properly label hazardous waste containers, providing the name of the waste generator, the container’s contents, and the percentages by volume of each hazardous waste;

• Properly package and store the container in an approved Satellite Accumulation Area;

• Advise the Laboratory Safety Captain if the stored waste requires disposal; and

• Complete Form EWM-197, the Chemical Waste Disposal Requisition and Certification Form for Chemical Waste. The Laboratory Safety Captain will provide assistance.

4.7.2.2 Laboratory Safety Captains

• Complete Chemical Waste Generator Training (ESH Course #574) and Waste Certification Training (ESH Course #456);

• Provide guidance on the use of SAAs in laboratories for which they are responsible;

• Assist in the completion of Form EWM-197 (Chemical Waste Disposal Requisition and Certification Form for Chemical Waste); and

4.7.2.3 Chemical Safety Coordinator

• Complete Chemical Waste Generator Training and Waste Certification Training;

• Inform the Sector’s APS Floor Coordinator about planned activities that are expected to generate non-routine or large quantities of hazardous wastes;

• Maintain a supply of EWM-197 forms and SAA Inspection Checklists. (These are available from the Office of the AOD ES&H Coordinator.)

4.7.3 Waste Hazard Controls

4.7.3.1 PLANNING

DND-CAT will advise all personnel working at its APS facilities, including all visiting users, of the importance of maintaining process knowledge so that wastes can be certified as required by the ANL Waste Handling Procedures Manual. All visiting users will also be requested to identify to DND-CAT the hazardous waste likely to be generated during their stay at the APS. The DND-CAT Safety Coordinator or Chemical Safety Coordinator will use this information to arrange for the proper handling, storage, and disposal of the wastes. These arrangements include requesting appropriate storage containers from the ANL EMO-Waste Management Operations group.

DND-CAT staff based at the APS who expect to generate hazardous waste shall complete the ANL Chemical Waste Generator and Waste Certification Training courses. These courses are not currently available on demand, so early planning and registration is important. Details on these courses and schedule information can be obtained through the Office of the AOD ES&H Coordinator.

Visiting researchers and others spending relatively short amounts of time at the APS will follow the guidance in the APS User Safety Guide for the management of hazardous waste.

4.7.3.2 Waste Accumulation Areas

DND-CAT will establish SAAs as needed. Each SAA will be under the control of the waste generator. A description of requirements for SAAs is available from the Office of the AOD ES&H Coordinator.

4.7.3.3 Waste Logbooks

Persons responsible for SAAs shall keep a Waste Logbook to document inspection data (including dates, findings, and the identity of the person performing inspections) and additions of wastes to the SAA (including dates, the identities of the materials, approximate amounts, the identities of the containers to which materials are added, and the names of persons making entries).

4.7.3.4 Waste Receptacles

Waste generators shall use the containers provided by EMO to hold wastes awaiting disposal. The waste generators shall label the containers according to instructions provided by the Chemical Safety Coordinator.

Waste receptacles will be kept out of radiologically controlled areas whenever possible. If a container must be placed in a controlled area, the waste generator shall take all steps necessary to prevent radioactive contamination of the waste.

Any person who creates unforeseen hazardous waste should immediately contact the Chemical Safety Coordinator who, in turn, will arrange for a container and for the disposal of the waste. Under no circumstances should a person add a waste to any container other than one assigned for the disposal of that waste. Persons who improperly add hazardous waste to any other container are subject, as individuals, not only to DND-CAT-imposed sanctions, but possible federal enforcement action and penalties.

4.7.3.5 Waste Certification

DND-CAT personnel will base waste certification on reliable process knowledge. When such knowledge is lacking, the Chemical Safety Coordinator will arrange for analysis of a container’s radiological content as specified by ANL EMO, at the waste generator's expense.

In those instances where Chemical Waste Disposal Requisitions have been completed by waste generators who have not completed ANL Chemical Waste Generator Training and Waste Certification Training, the Chemical Safety Coordinator, if available, or Safety Coordinator will countersign the form as an indication that he or she believes that the information is accurate.

4.7.4 Steps to Follow When Disposing of hazardous Waste

1. Before producing a hazardous waste, the generator should consult with the DND-CAT Chemical Safety Coordinator reviewing the operation to consider the steps that can be taken to minimize the amount and toxicity of the waste and provide for safe handling and storage.

For incoming DND-CAT personnel, this dialog should begin before arrival at the APS. Pertinent information should always be included in the experiment safety review submissions.

2. Waste generators shall place hazardous wastes in receptacles provided by the Chemical Safety Coordinator (who will obtain them through ANL EMO-Waste Management Operations). Prior to the first addition of waste to a container, the generator will label the receptacle as instructed by the Chemical Safety Coordinator. At the time of each addition, the waste generator will document the addition of waste in the Waste Logbook for the SAA. At least once a month, the waste generator will inspect the area as indicated in the SAA Inspection Checklist, which is available from the Chemical Safety Coordinator, and will document the inspection data in the Logbook.

3 When containers are filled to 75% or more of capacity or upon completion of the activities that generated these wastes, generators will complete Chemical Waste Disposal Requisitions (Form EWM-197), available through the Chemical Safety Coordinator. (Generators who cannot, based on reliable process knowledge, complete Sections A and B of the Certification Form with an assertion that the waste is free of radioactive contamination must notify the Chemical Safety Coordinator. The Chemical Safety Coordinator will make necessary arrangements for analysis through the APS.)

4. Waste generators or, in the case of visiting researchers, the Chemical Safety Coordinator will contact the APS Floor Coordinator to arrange for required surveys and pick-up by ANL Waste Management Operations.

4.7.5 Reference

4.8 DND-CAT Guidelines for The Management of Sealed radioactive calibration Sources

4.8.1 Introduction

This policy describes the management of low-activity, sealed radioactive calibration sources for use by DND-CAT personnel at the APS. The guidelines are based on Chapter 5-20 of the ANL ESH Manual. It should be noted that sources brought on site for periods of less than 60 days are exempt from the provisions of Chapter 5-20.

4.8.2 Roles & Responsibilities

1. DND-CAT will appoint a source custodian and an alternate. The source custodian will maintain a list of authorized users for each source, and will provide the list and updates to the AOD Sealed Source Inventory Database (SSID) Coordinator.

2. DND-CAT will complete a New Source Entry Form (available from the Office of the AOD ES&H Coordinator) and submit it to the AOD SSID Coordinator as soon as possible after a new source arrives at the APS.

3 The DND-CAT custodian will ensure that the sources are properly labeled, stored, and tested for integrity on a periodic basis as described in Chapter 5-20. The custodian will also be responsible for knowing the location of all sources at all times and will ensure that all necessary records are maintained. The Sealed Source Checkout Record (see attached sample) will be used for that purpose.

4. To comply with 49 CFR 173, DND-CAT will make advance arrangements with the ANL Special Materials Section for the shipment of radioactive sources to the APS site and between buildings on the site. Prior to shipment, Special Materials Section personnel will assign a control number to the shipment and will provide instructions on the proper packaging, labeling, and addressing of the shipment.

5. DND-CAT will maintain a checkout record for sealed sources in its possession. This record will at a minimum list the source checked out, the ID number of the source, the person who checked it out, the date checked out, the temporary location of the source, and the date checked back in.

4.9 DND-CAT Guidelines for Hoisting and Rigging Operations

4.9.1 Introduction

4.9.1.1 Purpose

This document provides basic guidelines for hoisting and rigging activities conducted by DND-CAT personnel working at the APS. These guidelines are designed to reduce the risks associated with these operations and ensure compliance with all applicable standards and laboratory requirements.

4.9.1.2 Scope & Applicability

The training and user approval requirements defined below apply to all DND-CAT personnel working with hoists and cranes at the APS. The equipment acceptance protocol applies to all hoists, cranes, slings, chain, etc., brought to the APS by DND-CAT.

4.9.1.3 DND-CAT Hoisting & Rigging Experts

The DND-CAT Safety Coordinator [or other individual selected by the CAT] and—if appropriate—other DND-CAT personnel will satisfy the training and qualification requirements specified by ANL for incidental crane operators. Only DND-CAT personnel who have completed such training are authorized to approve operators and make determinations about the suitability and operating condition of hoisting and rigging equipment and perform the other training, evaluation, and oversight functions described below.

4.9.1.4 References

4.9.2 Hoisting and Rigging Equipment

DND-CAT personnel who wish to bring hoisting and rigging equipment to the DND-CAT sector at the APS shall complete the following procedure before the equipment is put into service. Equipment brought to the APS without following this procedure may not be used at the APS.

[If the equipment is being procured by an ANL division and charged to an ANL divisional account rather than another institution's user account, the procurement must be in full compliance with the ANL-E Hoisting and Rigging Manual.]

4.9.2.1 Acceptance Procedure

1. The user ensures that equipment to be brought to the APS has, as appropriate,1manufacturer-affixed load ratings, etc.;

2. The user gives the DND-CAT Safety Coordinator a description of the equipment and its intended use;

3. The user provides the DND-CAT Safety Coordinator with a copy of any certification or manufacturer-conducted testing documentation associated with the equipment. If the equipment has not been certified or tested by the manufacturer, the user has it tested or inspected by a recognized crane-testing organization that is approved by the DND-CAT Safety Coordinator, and gives the Safety Coordinator a copy of the resulting documentation. (The original documentation shall be filed in the DND-CAT offices at the APS when the equipment is moved to the site);

4. The DND-CAT Safety Coordinator determines if the equipment is suitable for the intended use;

5. The DND-CAT Safety Coordinator inspects the equipment and documents his/her acceptance (inspection checklists are available from the Office of the AOD ES&H Coordinator) and files the acceptance document with the certification and testing or inspection reports for the equipment;

6. The DND-CAT Safety Coordinator notifies the appropriate APS Floor Coordinator of the arrival of the equipment, its intended use, and its location by providing the Floor Coordinator with a copy of the Hoisting Equipment Data Sheet shown in Appendix A;

7. The APS performs a cursory inspection of the equipment. Note: Passing this inspection does NOT constitute an approval or certification of the equipment by ANL; and

8. The DND-CAT Safety Coordinator tags the equipment with the information shown in Appendix B.

4.9.2.2 Other Requirements

• The DND-CAT Safety Coordinator or other DND-CAT personnel will perform or arrange for the daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly inspections of the equipment as required by the ANL-E Hoisting and Rigging Manual and will document the inspections (inspection checklists are available from the Office of the AOD ES&H Coordinator). Records shall be filed in the DND-CAT office and will be made available for inspection by the CAT Safety Coordinator and APS ES&H personnel.

• The DND-CAT Safety Coordinator shall periodically check logs to insure that the inspections have been performed as required by the ANL-E Hoisting and Rigging Manual.

4.9.3 Operator Authorization to Perform Hoisting & Rigging

If the possibility exists that a proposed lifting operation could affect the APS storage ring or another CAT's sector, the DND-CAT Safety Coordinator will discuss the planned operation with the APS Floor Coordinator or the AOD ES&H Coordinator. If that person agrees that this possibility exists, the APS will arrange for the operation to be done by ANL Plant Facilities and Services personnel.

If hoisting and rigging equipment is to be operated by an ANL employee, the operator training and certification must be in full compliance with the ANL-E Hoisting and Rigging Manual.

In all other cases, the following process is used to authorize individuals to use hoisting equipment in the DND-CAT sector:

1. The prospective operator submits a completed Crane Operator Questionnaire (see Appendix C) to the DND-CAT Safety Coordinator.

2. The DND-CAT Safety Coordinator determines whether the user's training and experience is suitable for the equipment to be used.

3. The DND-CAT Safety Coordinator informs the user of the additional training, if any, needed to use the equipment. As appropriate, the DND-CAT Safety Coordinator may arrange for training through the AOD Training Management System Representative.

4. The DND-CAT Safety Coordinator provides qualified candidates with an orientation to the hoisting and rigging equipment they need to use and describes the applicable requirements and limitations.

5. The DND-CAT Safety Coordinator logs the name of each qualified candidate and sends a copy of the log to the appropriate APS Floor Coordinator.

4.10 DND-CAT Guidelines FOR The DND-CAT Sector Orientation

4.10.1 Introduction

The orientation described in this guideline is designed to provide the basic information needed by new users to make safe and effective use of DND-CAT’s facilities at the APS. The DND-CAT will also give appropriate parts of this orientation to visitors who are not expected to do hands-on work in DND-CAT's facilities.

4.10.2 Contents of the Orientation

4.10.2.1 Part 1: APS Requirements

• Register with the APS User Office and receive an appropriate safety orientation upon arrival, and

• Complete the APS User Orientation and radiation safety training required by ANL and the APS before a permanent film badge is issued;

• Describe probable activities at the APS, complete any additional safety training that DND-CAT or the APS specifies for those activities, and comply with hazard control measures specified by the DND-CAT;

• Complete sector-specific training as outlined below (DND-CAT will provide this training); and

• Identify on the Experiment Safety Review Form all chemicals, gases, and samples to be used in experiments at the APS.

4.10.2.2 Part 2: DND-CAT Safety Policies and Resources

The CAT member covering the safety policies and resources portion of the sector orientation shall:

• Give the user an orientation to the Environmental, Safety, & Health Plan of the DND-CAT;

• Call attention to the section entitled “General Policies” and point out that, as stated there, this manual is intended to supplement the analogous documents of ANL, APS, and the DND-CAT member institutions;

• Emphasize that the safety first principle is the primary tenet for performing any job, task, or experiment at DND-CAT’s facilities, and that the success of the DND-CAT safety and environmental protection effort depends on the commitment of all DND-CAT personnel;

• Introduce the user to the DND-CAT Safety Coordinator, the Beamline Safety Technician and the DND-CAT Director; and emphasize the importance of bringing all safety and environmental problems and concerns to their attention.

4.10.2.3 Part 3: General Safety Information

The DND-CAT member covering this portion of the sector orientation shall review the following topics:

• Locations of safety equipment (fire extinguisher, shower, eyewash station, stocks of personal protective equipment, etc.);

• The importance of keeping work areas neat and orderly, and the aisles free of obstructions;

• Proper storage of other items (e.g., objects may not be stored on top of cabinets); and

4.10.2.4 Part 4: DND-CAT Beamline Safety Practices

• Point out the locations of the utility shutoffs for water and compressed gases;

1. The APS policy that no one is allowed in the First Optics Enclosures (FOEs) or the Experimental Stations (ESs) when the beam is on or when the interlocks are enabled,

7. The locations of the electrical circuit breakers and main breakers for the beamline.

DND-CAT trainers will also provide the user with additional formal and on-the-job training that is specific to the DND-CAT beamlines, instruments, and facilities that the user will be using.

4.10.3 Documentation

DND-CAT will document each person’s attendance at the sector orientation by recording the name of the attendee, the date(s) of the training, and the signature of the person who conducted the training. Training records will be kept on file by the DND-CAT Secretary.

4.11 DND-CAT Guidelines for LOM Laboratory Information Binders

4.11.1 Purpose and Scope

This guideline provides a model DND-CAT LOM Laboratory Information Binder; the binder is one of the primary means that the CAT will use to provide information on hazards and controls to the individuals using the DND-CAT LOM laboratories.

4.11.2 Responsibilities

DND-CAT Laboratory Safety Captains are responsible for developing and maintaining a Laboratory Information Binder for each LOM laboratory occupied by or managed by DND-CAT.

Principal Investigators are responsible for keeping Laboratory Safety Captains well informed about their activities so that necessary modifications to the Laboratory information Binders can be made in a timely manner and other laboratory users can be informed before new hazards are introduced.

In an emergency, DIAL 911 FIRST, then notify other individuals as indicated below.*

*After summoning help via 911, notify the DND-CAT Director. If he/she is unavailable, notify the APS Floor Coordinator on Duty.

4.11.3 Laboratory-Specific User Responsibilities

4.11.3.1 All Users

Users must obtain permission from the Laboratory Safety Captain before using the laboratories. The Safety Captain will determine appropriate training required before permission is granted. The user must develop a new operating procedure if the work is not covered by any of the procedures in Appendix C.

4.11.3.2 Users of X-ray Generator in 432/A020

Users of the DND-CAT X-ray Generator in 432/A020 should read the “XFD X-ray Laboratory Safety Manual”, as well as the “DND-CAT Addendum to the XFD X-ray Laboratory Safety Manual”. Contact the DND-CAT X-ray Generator Custodian for details about additional training, which will include ANL Rad Worker 1 Training, X-ray Diffraction Training, as well as training specific to the DND-CAT x-ray generator.

4.11.4 Hazard Identification and Control

4.11.5 General Hazard Controls and Emergency Equipment

4.11.5.1 Chemical Storage

This laboratory has cabinets that meet the requirements for storage of flammable liquids, corrosives (both acids and bases), and oxidizers. A label on each cabinet door lists the types of chemicals that may be safely stored in that cabinet, and incompatible chemicals that may not be stored there.

No chemicals may be stored in this laboratory without the prior approval of the Laboratory Safety Captain.

4.11.5.2 Personal Protective Equipment

Safety glasses are required in the laboratories. Additional PPE may be specified as part of specific procedures (see Appendix C).

4.11.6 Inspection Checklist

The Laboratory Safety Captain will conduct monthly inspections using criteria in the Inspection Checklist shown in Appendix A. The Laboratory Safety Captain will use the completed checklist to identify needed corrective actions and will ensure that identified deficiencies are corrected in a timely manner.

4.11.7 List of Hazardous Chemicals and Wastes

4.11.8 Procedures

4.11.9 Contact Information

Contact information for key personnel appears on the cover sheet of this binder.

4.11.10 Chemical Hygiene Plan

The DND-CAT and this laboratory have implemented a Chemical Hygiene Plan that follows the guidelines established by Chapter 4-2 of the ANL ESH Manual. (A copy of Chapter 4-2 is available from the DND-CAT Safety Coordinator.) The remainder of this section describes DND-CAT and laboratory-specific policies, controls, and procedures.

4.11.10.1 General Guidelines

• Use all reasonable precautions to minimize exposure to toxic substances by any route.

• Use and store substances with high acute toxicity or moderate-to-high chronic toxicity only in areas of restricted access with special warning signs.

• Always use a hood or other containment device for procedures that may result in the generation of aerosols or vapors containing this substance. Make sure the system has a cleaner that will trap released contaminants to prevent their discharge with the hood exhaust.

• Always avoid skin contact by use of gloves, long sleeves, and other protective apparel as appropriate. Always wash hands and arms immediately after working with materials posing high acute toxicity or moderate-to-high chronic toxicity.

• Store breakable containers of these substances in chemically resistant trays; also work and mount apparatus above such trays or cover work and storage surfaces with removable, absorbent, plastic backed paper.

• If a major spill occurs outside the hood, evacuate the area. Make sure cleanup personnel wear suitable protective apparel and equipment.

• Make sure at least two people are present at all times if a compound in use is highly toxic or of unknown toxicity.

• Thoroughly decontaminate or properly dispose of contaminated clothing or shoes.

• Store contaminated waste in closed, suitably labeled, impervious containers that comply with EMO-WMO recommendations.

• For materials with high acute toxicity or moderate-to-high chronic toxicity, maintain records of the amounts on hand, amounts used, and the names of the workers involved.

• Protect vacuum pumps against contamination by scrubbers or HEPA filters and vent them into the hood. Decontaminate vacuum pumps or other contaminated equipment, including glassware, in the hood before removing them from a designated area.

4.11.10.2 Standard Operating Procedures

If a proposed laboratory operation requires the use of chemicals, the Principal Investigator must inform the DND-CAT Safety Coordinator of the chemicals and processes involved. If the Safety Coordinator determines that the operation is subject to the requirements imposed under 29 CFR 1910.1450 or that it involves other significant hazards, he or she will advise the Principal Investigator that the proposed operation must follow a standard operating procedure. If no such procedure exists for the operation, the Principal Investigator will write one, and the Laboratory Safety Captain will approve it in consultation with the DND-CAT Chemical Safety Coordinator.

4.11.10.3 Criteria and Procedures Used to Determine Controls

The safety review procedures described in the DND-CAT ES&H Manual will be used to determine the need for controls, including available procedural controls. In addition, the DND-CAT Safety Coordinator may call for the implementation of a procedural or an engineered control. In general, the Safety Coordinator will arrange for any required reviews of engineered chemical exposure controls and personal protective equipment.

The hazard controls for chemicals used in this laboratory are described in the “General Hazard Controls and Emergency Equipment” section of this Laboratory Information Binder.

4.11.10.4 Measures to Assure Proper Operation of Hazard Control Equipment

Eyewash units will be tested monthly by the Laboratory Safety Captain or designee.

ANL-ESH-IH shall be requested to categorize hoods and verify proper air flow at the time new units are installed. PFS-Building Maintenance will test the hoods when installed and annually thereafter. The Laboratory Safety Captain will check the airflow of each chemical fume hood during quarterly inspections. Users will take note of readings on instruments that measure hood performance and indicate problems.

4.11.10.5 Provisions for Laboratory Worker Information and Training

This Laboratory Information Binder contains the basic information that trained personnel will need to work safely in this laboratory.

The Laboratory Safety Captain will provide an orientation to each person authorized to work in the laboratory. The content of the orientation will follow a graded approach; that is, it will be commensurate with the person’s planned activities. During the orientation, the Laboratory Safety Captain will make use of this LOM Laboratory Information Binder.

As appropriate, personnel shall complete substance-specific training before working with chemicals.

4.11.10.6 Medical Consultations and Examinations

DND-CAT personnel shall keep their home institutions informed about any toxic materials to which they might be exposed in their work. DND-CAT will rely on the home institutions to determine medical monitoring requirements.

4.11.10.7 Personnel Responsible for Implementation of Chemical Hygiene Plan

All DND-CAT personnel authorized to work in this laboratory are responsible for complying with the work rules described in this LOM Laboratory Information Binder and any additional rules imposed by the Laboratory Safety Captain.

The Laboratory Safety Captain is responsible for ensuring that the requirements of this Chemical Hygiene Plan are implemented.

The DND-CAT Safety Coordinator is responsible for providing required technical expertise and for conducting surveillance.

4.11.10.8 Designated Areas

All storage and handling of high-toxicity materials, select carcinogens (see ANL ESH Manual Chapter 4-2), and reproductive toxins shall take place in a restricted-access area (hood, glove box, or portion of the laboratory) designated for use of highly toxic substances. All personnel with access to the area will be aware of the substances being used and necessary precautions.

The areas in this laboratory designated for the storage and handling of highly toxic substances, and the substances to be stored/handled there are listed in the “Designated Areas” section of this Laboratory Information Binder.

On leaving a designated area, remove any protective apparel (placing it in an appropriate, labeled container) and thoroughly wash hands, forearms, face, and neck.

In the event of a spill or leak, decontaminate the designated area before normal work is resumed there. Use a wet mop or a vacuum cleaner equipped with a HEPA filter instead of dry sweeping if the highly toxic substance was a dry powder.

For a Monthly Laboratory Inspection Checklist, see DND-CAT Guidelines for LOM Laboratory Information Binders.

4.13 DND-CAT GUIDELINES FOR ACCIDENT INVESTIGATIONS

4.13.1 Introduction

4.13.1.1 Purpose

The primary purpose of an incident or accident investigation is to identify the hazard control systems that either failed or were lacking. By determining the direct, contributing, and root causes, DND-CAT hopes to identify corrective actions that can help prevent similar occurrences.

4.13.1.2 Applicability & Scope

This guideline applies to incidents and accidents occurring in DND-CAT’s facilities at the APS.

4.13.2 Definitions

Accident: an unexpected event that produces personal injury, illness, or death; damage to or loss of property; or environmental releases involving reportable quantities of radiation or hazardous materials.

Incident: an unexpected occurrence that could result in an accident or illness if repeated—a “near miss.”

First aid: one-time treatment and subsequent observation of minor scratches, cuts, splinters, burns, etc., that do not ordinarily require medical care from a physician. (Such treatment is considered first aid even if it is provided by medical personnel.)

Occupational illness: an abnormal physical condition or disorder caused by exposure to chemicals, radiation, or any other factors associated with the work environment.

Reportable accident: any accident whose consequences go beyond the administration of first aid.

4.13.3 Responsibilities

4.13.3.1 Director

The DND-CAT Director shall ensure that the requirements of this guideline are met. The Director shall also review all investigation reports.

4.13.3.2 First-line supervisors

First-line supervisors and Principal Investigators with direct responsibility for the people, equipment, or facility involved in an incident or accident shall ensure that the DND-CAT Safety Coordinator and DND-CAT Director are promptly notified and shall perform the initial investigations. Supervisors are also responsible for ensuring that appropriate corrective actions are implemented.

4.13.3.3 Safety coordinator

• Investigate incidents and accidents (unless the DND-CAT Director assigns another individual to this role) and support the investigatory efforts of other DND-CAT personnel;

• Promptly notify the AOD ES&H Coordinator of any occupational illness or reportable accident; and

• Monitor the progress of corrective actions and advise the Director when schedules are not being met.

4.13.3.4 All DND-CAT personnel

DND-CAT personnel shall immediately report all injuries and illnesses through the 911 system either by calling 911 or by having a co-worker call. DND-CAT personnel shall also report accidents and incidents to DND-CAT line management as described below. DND-CAT personnel, including witnesses to an incident/accident, are expected to participate in investigations as required.

4.13.4 Response to Accidents and Incidents

4.13.4.1 Notification

Any person who witnesses an accident or incident or who comes upon an accident or incident not known to be previously reported shall first call 911 if appropriate and then immediately notify the DND-CAT Director. If he/she is unavailable, notify the APS Floor Coordinator. All phone calls should be made from a safe location.

For further guidance on investigation and reporting requirements, the DND-CAT Safety Coordinator or an alternate shall notify the AOD ES&H Coordinator as soon as is practical after learning of any occupational illness or reportable accident.

4.13.4.2 On-scene actions

Upon arriving at the scene of a reportable accident, DND-CAT personnel shall report to the Area Emergency Supervisor, if present, and secure the area and all related equipment and machinery to prevent further incidents and preserve evidence that may be relevant to subsequent investigations. DND-CAT should notify either the AOD ES&H Coordinator or the APS Floor Coordinator if additional assistance is needed in securing the incident/accident scene.

4.13.4.3 Investigation of incidents and first-aid accidents

The DND-CAT Safety Coordinator (or alternate appointed by the DND-CAT Director) will lead investigations of incidents and first-aid accidents. Reports shall be submitted to the DND-CAT Director for review and concurrence.

4.13.4.4 Investigation of occupational illnesses and reportable accidents

The DND-CAT Safety Coordinator will seek guidance from the AOD ES&H Coordinator upon learning of any occurrence in these categories.

4.13.5 References

4.14 DND-CAT Guideline for Experimental Safety Review

4.14.1 Introduction

This guideline describes how the DND-CAT will ensure that the experiments conducted at its beamlines and in its LOM space by DND-CAT personnel, their collaborators, and independent investigators do not present unacceptable risk.

This experiment safety review process is an example of how DND-CAT has integrated safety into the way it manages its activities at the Advanced Photon Source. The process addresses the core functions of the Integrated Safety Management (ISM) system required at Argonne National Laboratory. In the context of experiment safety review, those functions can be described as:

3. Defining safety envelopes by selecting, specifying, and authorizing required hazard controls,

5. Evaluating the safety performance of completed experiments to provide continuous feedback for improving safety.

The DND-CAT will use the APS Experiment Safety Approval Form (ESAF) to document the experiment safety reviews it conducts. This document is under the control and maintenance of the APS.

The DND-CAT management assumes full responsibility for all the program elements listed above, including the maintenance of auditable records of the process. The DND-CAT management will make records available to personnel engaged in the Independent CAT Safety Assessment process established and overseen by the APS, to representatives of the APS, and to other ANL and DOE personnel that are required to have access. Moreover, before adding to or changing the safety envelopes described in this plan, DND-CAT management will seek assistance from qualified safety personnel from the APS and ANL.

4.14.2 Definitions

The following definitions are derived from the ANL Environment, Safety and Health Manual chapter covering experiment safety review:

Experiment. Preparatory non-office activities including the transportation of hazardous materials, experimental activities taking place on the beamline, and subsequent non-office activities taking place at the APS.

Hazard: Any existing or potential[1][1] condition that, by itself or through interaction with other conditions, has the capacity to cause death, injury, illness, property damage, unacceptable environmental impact, or other losses. In this context, a "condition" means the presence of a material, a piece of equipment or an instrument, an energy source, or an operation. Also see risk.

Risk: A quantitative measure (or estimate) of the product of the probability that a hazard will result in an ill effect and the consequence of that ill effect. (Risk is a measure of the significance of a hazard and an indicator of the need for hazard controls.)

Biohazard: An agent of biological origin that has the capacity to cause deleterious effects in humans. The term includes, but is not necessarily limited to, all infectious microorganisms, their toxins, allergens of biological origin, and genetic fragments.

Flammable: Susceptible to ignition during storage, normal handling, or use. Whether something is flammable has nothing to do with the likelihood that it will ignite. For example, the release of a small quantity of a flammable gas might not result in a gas concentration between the lower and upper flammability limits, but the material would still be considered flammable. The term includes, but is not necessarily limited to:

¨ All combustible solids and liquids having a physical form that makes them easily ignitable if dispersed into ambient atmospheres.

Toxic: Having the capacity to cause illness or diminished function. The determination that something is toxic is made without regard to the likelihood that it will actually produce an ill effect. For example, a small quantity of a toxic material might be thought less than the minimum dose needed to cause a toxic effect, but the material would still be considered toxic. A material that meets one or more of the following criteria should be considered toxic:

¨ Has a published LD₅₀ (median lethal dose) equal to or less than 0.5 g/kg body weight;

¨ Has a published LC₅₀ (median lethal concentration) equal to or less than 1000 ppm;

¨ Has an OSHA permissible exposure limit (PEL) or ACGIH TLV (Threshold Limit Value) equal to or less than 5000 ppm; and/or

4.14.3 General Safety envelope

All DND-CAT activities will be conducted within an envelope of safety created by engineered hazard controls, formal procedures, training, policy, reviews, authorizations and approvals. The general safety envelope at the APS has been defined by:

4. The DND-CAT Management Plan (approved by the APS), including the DND-CAT Safety Plan, which is consistent with the ANL Environment, Safety and Health Manual, and

This DND-CAT experiment review process provides for the establishment of safeguards needed to accommodate experiments with hazards not adequately controlled by the processes, policies, and procedures defining the general safety envelope.

4.14.4 CAT Experiment Approval Authority

DND-CAT recognizes that Chapter 21-1 of the ANL Environment, Safety and Health Manual limits its experiment approval authority to experiments in the Everyday Routine, Routine Laboratory, and Nonroutine Laboratory categories[2][2]. As specified in the ANL Environment, Safety and Health Manual, some activities (e.g., use of Class IV lasers) require additional reviews and approvals by ANL. DND-CAT will comply with these requirements.

4.14.5 Process Overview

To ensure its effectiveness, the experiment hazard evaluations will be conducted by DND-CAT personnel with a background that will enable them to:

DND-CAT reviewers will also attempt to anticipate hazards not well identified by experimenters.

4.14.6 Description of Experiments

DND-CAT will require its members, collaborators and independent investigators to provide detailed written descriptions of the experiments they propose to conduct at DND-CAT’s facilities at the APS. The description of the experiment will be provided on or attached to the APS ESAF. The experiment description (and ESAF) may be submitted on paper or electronically.

4.14.7 Hazard Identification and Analysis

DND-CAT personnel evaluating safety concerns associated with proposed experiments will attempt to identify hazards associated with the following:

DND-CAT recognizes that an adequate experiment safety review requires a good understanding of the planned experiment and may be an iterative process. Consequently, the CAT will advise users that an ESAF containing relevant hazard information in the above three categories must be submitted along with experiment proposals sufficiently far in advance of the experiment to adequately review the proposal. If the DND-CAT does not have adequate time to review the safety aspects of the proposal, the experiment will not be conducted.

4.14.8 Materials

Experimenters planning to use DND-CAT's facilities will provide the following information about each material to be used during the conduct of the experiment:

· Its identity and the amount of material to be used, handled, disposed of, or transported to/from the APS,

Experimenters will also identify the hazards associated with each material, including:

4.14.9 Equipment

DND-CAT reviewers will attempt to anticipate the hazards associated with experimental apparatus (not a part of the operating beamline) by applying their previous experience, knowledge, and intuition. The reviewers will evaluate concerns such as those listed below.

4.14.9.1 Utility Requirements

DND-CAT reviewers will attempt to anticipate hazards associated with using the following utilities:

4.14.9.2 Hazard Categories

§ Produces non-ionizing radiation (radio frequency, microwave) or strong magnetic fields;

§ Supplies or uses electrical current with a potential to ground in excess of 50 volts or flowing at a rate in excess of 15 amperes;

§ Moving parts, nip points, and points of operation (motorized, pressure-driven, not manually driven); and

§ Noise (Emits sound with a sound pressure level of 80 dB(A) as measured at the nearest accessible point during operation).

4.14.10 Processes/Operations

Experimenters will attach copies of procedures describing processes and operations they will (or might) perform while working at the DND-CAT’s facilities at the APS. The DND-CAT reviewer will review these procedures to verify that the procedures are adequate to control anticipated hazards. Common concerns include:

The DND-CAT review of the ESAF will address all experimental activities conducted at the APS according to the way the term experiment is defined in Chapter 21-3 of the ANL Environment, Safety and Health Manual. DND-CAT personnel will consider both the likelihood that an identified hazard could cause an undesirable event and the consequences of such an event. In addition, DND-CAT will identify whether the APS or ANL has specified mandatory control measures applicable to the hazard. Each identified hazard will then be characterized as to whether or not sufficient controls are in place.

4.14.11 Specification of Hazard Controls

If the reviewer judges that sufficient controls are not in place, DND-CAT will specify additional controls that must be put in place before the work may begin.[3][3] Where possible, DND-CAT will work with the experimenter to ensure the acceptability and feasibility of the controls. In all cases, unless a formally issued variance has been obtained, all APS- and ANL-required hazard controls will be specified.

Each hazard control measure specified during the experiment safety review will be identified on the ESAF,[4][4] or on attachments if more space is required.

4.14.12 Use of Standard Experiment Safety Envelopes

An experiment safety envelope is a set of controls, consisting of training requirements, engineered controls, and procedural controls[5][5], that are sufficient to provide for the safe conduct of all individual experiments falling into an associated class.

DND-CAT anticipates that many hazards associated with experiments will fall into the few well-defined groups as specified by the APS in its “Standard Safety Envelopes for Experiment Activities at the Advanced Photon Source”. Individual experiments that appear to fall into such pre-approved classes will only be evaluated to the extent necessary to establish that they do not exceed the evaluated hazard levels and that they do not introduce other hazards not considered with the class that was evaluated.

Before an approved experiment is modified, it will be reevaluated to ensure that it still falls within the previously specified safety envelope. If the safety envelope might not be adequate to reduce associated risk to acceptable levels, a new hazard class will be assigned and experimental work will not continue/begin until appropriate hazard controls are in place.

4.14.13 Verification Requirements

DND-CAT will require a documented last-minute verification whenever hazard controls cannot be put in place until the last minute. DND-CAT will also require documented verification when specified measures are intended to control substantial risks, that is, those with a higher probability of possibly grave consequences. DND-CAT personnel authorizing the experiments will specify on the ESAF who should verify that specified hazard controls are actually in place.

4.14.14 Authorization

No experiment may be started until formally authorized by a designated individual. The DND-CAT Safety Coordinator will provide to the APS the names of all individuals designated to authorize experiments.

4.14.15 Documentation

The DND-CAT will use the completed ESAF, along with attachments as needed to provide adequate detail, to record and retain the results of each experiment safety review. This documentation must include:

¨ The name and signature of the person authorizing the performance of the experiment.

The DND-CAT will forward a copy of the completed APS ESAF and relevant supporting documents to the APS Experiment Safety Coordinator when the decision is made to approve the proposed experiment. In addition, DND-CAT will have an APS Floor Coordinator post the original copy of the ESAF and all relevant attachments on the beamline before or at the commencement of the corresponding beamline activities.

4.14.17 Feedback

The DND-CAT will periodically evaluate the effectiveness of this procedure to determine what changes should be implemented to improve the process. To this end, the DND-CAT will participate in the Independent CAT Safety Assessment process established by the APS. In addition, the DND-CAT will consider recommendations made by review committees appointed by member institutions. Moreover, whenever the review process or a specified envelope fails to control a hazard, DND-CAT will immediately investigate to determine the cause of the failure and what should be done to prevent recurrence. As defined elsewhere in its safety plan, DND-CAT will inform the APS about incidents involving the failure of the review process or a specified control.

1 In general, "as appropriate" means if required under one of the ASME B30 Series standards.

[1][1]The determination of "potential" to cause harm shall be made without considering probability or risk reduction attributable to hazard mitigation measures.

[2][2] These categories are defined as follows:

· Everyday routine—hazards that are routinely encountered and accepted in the course of everyday living by the vast majority of the general public (e.g., office use, computer use, Class 1 and 2 lasers, auto use, routine custodial services).

· Routine laboratory—hazards found in the ANL-E R&D environment that are considered routine and of minimal risk by the scientific community (e.g., Class 3a lasers, routine analytical equipment, electronic calibration equipment, basic machine-shop or craft tools, common solvents, moderate-temperature ovens or heaters).

· Nonroutine laboratory—hazards found in the ANL-E R&D environment that involve specialized materials, energy sources, or equipment that might present limited and localized on-site impact and negligible off-site impacts to people or the environment (e.g., Class 3b and 4 lasers, pressurized systems, high voltage electrical systems, radioactivity, chemistry laboratories handling significant quantities of flammable liquids or hazardous chemicals).

[3][3] Associated experimental activities that do not create or result in exposure to hazards may be performed before all controls are in place.

[4][4] Such specification can be by reference to standard operating procedures, approved safety envelopes, etc.

[5][5] For the purpose of this write-up, obtaining reviews, authorizations and approvals will be treated as procedural requirements.

[6][6] i.e., all measures except those that form the basic safety envelope at the APS.

Safety Function Title	Name	Phone	E-mail Address
Director	John P.G.Quintana	2-0221	jpq@northwestern.edu
DND-CAT Secretary	JerrieLea Hopf	2-0222	jlhopf@northwestern.edu
LOM Shop Coordinator	Alan Philippides	2-0225	aph772@northwestern.edu
Safety Coordinator	Denis T. Keane	2-0224	dtkeane@northwestern.edu
Chemical Safety Coordinator	Alan Philippides	2-0225	aph772@northwestern.edu
Electrical Safety Coordinator	John Kulpin	2-0229	jgk300@northwestern.edu
Laboratory Safety Captain	Alan Philippides	2-0225	aph772@northwestern.edu
X-ray Generator and Sealed Source Custodian	John P. Quintana	2-0223	jpq@northwestern.edu
Beamline Safety Technician	John G. Kulpin	2-0229	jgk300@northwestern.edu

Safety Committee Members	Charles Ginnard	302-695-8472	charles.r.ginnard@usa.dupont.com
	Catherine Foris	302-695-3687	c.m.foris@usa.dupont.com
	Brian Landes	517-638-7059	bglandes@dow.com
	Michael Bedzyk	847-491-3570	bedzyk@northwestern.edu
	Wesley Burghardt	847-467-1401	w-burghardt@northwestern.edu

TABLE 1. Power Tool Inspection/Testing Criteria and Inspection Frequency
Criteria for Removing a Tool from Service	Before and During Use	Semi-Annual Inspection
Cracking, chafing, wear, or other signs of faulty power cord insulation	X	X
Evidence of faulty grounding conductor	X	X
Excessive resistance between tool case and ground connector prong		X
Cracked plug or receptacle housing	X	X
Bent or missing plug or connector prongs	X	X
Dead front plug, receptacle, or connector	X	X
Missing, bent, or otherwise abused switch	X	X
Improperly functioning trigger lock on switch	X	X
Out-of-date semi-annual inspection tape (tag)	X	X
Signs of overheating or excessive sparking	X	X
Insulation resistance (get meter from AOD ES&H Coordinator)		X
Dull, chipped, or broken blades	X	X
Malfunctioning guards	X	X

TABLE 2. Color Code Schedule for Portable Power Tools, Indicating Date of Most Recent Inspection and Test
Months	Year	Tape Color
January through June	2000	Orange
July through December	2000	White
January through June	2001	Black
July through December	2001	Blue
January through June	2002	Red
July through December	2002	Green

Title	Name	Office Phone, Pager	Office Room No.
Laboratory Safety Captain	Alan Philippides	2-0222	432/A002
APS Floor Coordinator (Area Emergency Supervisor)	Kevin Beyer	2-0200	432/C001
DND-CAT Safety Coordinator	Denis T. Keane	2-0224	432/A007
DND-CAT Chemical Safety Coordinator	Alan Philippides	2-0225	432/A002
DND-CAT Electrical Safety Coordinator	John Kulpin	2-0229	432/A002
DND-CAT X-ray Generator and Sealed Source Custodian	John P. G. Quintana	2-0221	432/A008
DND-CAT Director	John P. G,. Quintana	2-0221	432/A008
AOD ES&H Coordinator	Jim Lang	2-7021 4-7021	Bldg. 400 Rm. C4244
APS Floor Coordinator On Duty		2-0101	APS Floor
DND-CAT Secretary	JerrieLea Hopf	2-0222	432/A001

4. SAFETY GUIDANCE, PRACTICES AND PROCEDURES

4.1 Listing of Assignments for Key DND-CAT Safety PersonneL

4.2 DND-CAT Guidelines for Hand Tool and Portable Power Tool Usage

4.2.1 Introduction