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Acknowledgments Note on the Translation Ming Units of Measure and Money Introduction: The Making of The Great Ming Code The Great Ming Code The Imperial Preface to The Great Ming Code Diagrams The Five Punishments The Penal Instruments General Mourning Degrees Formal Mourning Degrees for the Relatives of Nine Generations and Five Mourning Degrees within One's Own Lineage Wife's Mourning Degrees for Husband's Relatives Concubine's Mourning Degrees for Household Head's Relatives Married Daughter's Reduced Mourning Degrees for Her Own Lineage Mourning Degrees for External Relatives Mourning Degrees for Wife's Relatives Mourning Degrees for Three Fathers and Eight Mothers Six Types of Illicit Goods The Meanings of Eight Characters as Used in the General Principles Chapter 1 Laws on Punishments and General Principles Article 1 The Five Punishments Article 2 The Ten Abominations Article 3 The Eight Deliberations Article 4 Committing Crimes by Those Entitled to the Eight Deliberations Article 5 Committing Crimes by Officials Article 6 Committing Crimes by Military Officers Article 7 Committing Public Crimes by Civil or Military Officials Article 8 Committing Private Crimes by Civil or Military Officials Article 9 Committing Crimes by the Parents or Paternal Grandparents of Those Entitled to the Eight Deliberations Article 10 Committing Crimes by Military Officers or Soldiers Who Shall Be Exempted from Penal Servitude or Life Exile Article 11 Committing Crimes for Which Penalties May Be Cumulatively Reduced Article 12 Leaving Offices for Legitimate Reasons Article 13 Committing Crimes by Those Who Have Not Yet Become Officials Article 14 Disenrollment and Labor Service Article 15 Families of Those Punished by Life Exile Article 16 Crimes That Shall Not Be Pardoned under the General Amnesty Article 17 Those Punished by Penal Servitude or Life Exile Are En Route When the Amnesty Is Proclaimed Article 18 Committing Crimes and Remaining at Home to Care for Relatives Article 19 Committing Crimes by Government Artisans, Musicians, and Women Article 20 Committing Crimes Again by Those Punished by Penal Servitude or Life Exile Article 21 Redeeming Punishment by Those Who Are Aged, Juvenile, or Disabled Article 22 Committing Crimes before Becoming Aged or Maimed Article 23 Restitution and Confiscation of Illicit Goods Article 24 Voluntary Confession of Crimes Article 25 Sentencing on the Basis of the Punishment for the More Serious Crime When Two Crimes Are Discovered Together Article 26 Fleeing Together after Committing Crimes Article 27 Committing Public Crimes by Those in the Same Office Article 28 Making Errors in Public Matters Article 29 Distinguishing Principals and Accessories in Joint Crimes Article 30 Fleeing When Crimes Are Discovered Article 31 Mutual Concealment by Relatives Article 32 Committing Capital Crimes by Functionaries Article 33 Executing Military Personnel Guilty of Treason Article 34 Killing Military Personnel Article 35 Military Personnel and Civilians Residing in the Capital Who Commit Crimes Article 36 Committing Crimes by Naturalized Persons Article 37 Specific Articles Having Different Regulations for Punishment Article 38 Principles for Increasing and Reducing Punishments Article 39 The Terms "Carriage" and "Sedan Chair" Article 40 The Terms "Relatives of Mourning for One Year" and "Paternal Grandparents" Article 41 The Term "Shall Be Punished by the Same Penalty" Article 42 The Terms "Supervisors " and "Custodians" Article 43 The Term "Day" as Being One Hundred Units Article 44 The Terms "Daoist Priests" and "Daoist Nuns" Article 45 Judging Crimes in Accordance with the Newly Promulgated Code Article 46 Deciding Cases without Specific Articles Article 47 Places for Penal Servitude, Life Exile, and Banishment Chapter 2 Laws on Personnel Section 1 Administrative Institutions Article 48 Selecting Military Posts Article 49 Selecting Officials by High Ministers without Authorization Article 50 Civil Officials Shall Not Be Designated as Dukes or Marquises Article 51 Officials' Protection Privilege Article 52 Appointing Too Many Officials or Functionaries Article 53 Recommending Inappropriate Persons Article 54 Recommending Officials or Functionaries Who Have Transgressed Article 55 Leaving Official Appointments or Employments without Authorization Article 56 Exceeding the Time Limit by Officials When Going to Their Posts Article 57 Failing to Attend Audiences at the Court or to Fill Official Posts without Reason Article 58 Summoning Subordinate Officials without Authorization Article 59 Career Records of Officials or Functionaries Article 60 Treacherous Cliques Article 61 Associating with Court Attendant Officials Article 62 Memorializing in Praise of the Virtues and Achievements of High Officials Section 2 Official Documents Article 63 Explaining and Reading the Code and Commandment Article 64 Violating Imperial Edicts Article 65 Discarding or Destroying Imperial Edicts or Official Seals Article 66 [Losing Imperial Edicts] Article 67 Mistakenly Violating Name Taboos in Memorials or Statements to the Throne Article 68 Not Memorializing Matters That Ought to Be Memorialized Article 69 Not Returning after Being Sent on Missions with Imperial Edicts Article 70 Divulging Important Military Information Article 71 Delaying Transmitting Official Documents Article 72 Inspecting Documentary Files Article 73 Reviewing Documentary Files Article 74 Colleagues Affixing Dates or Signatures to Documentary Files on Others' Behalf Article 75 Adding to or Subtracting from Official Documents Article 76 Covering Up and Keeping Seals Article 77 Omitting to Affix Seals Article 78 Omitting to Employ Seals on Paper Money Article 79 Employing Seals of Transferring Troops without Authorization Article 80 Warrants Chapter 3 Laws on Revenue Section 1 Households and Corvée Services Article 81 Omitting to Register Households or Household Members Article 82 Households Should Be Established according to the Registers Article 83 Establishing Buddhist or Daoist Monasteries without Authorization and Ordaining Buddhist or Daoist Priests without Authorization Article 84 Illegally Designating Wives' Sons [as Heirs] Article 85 Taking Stray Children Article 86 Unequally Levying Taxes and Corvée Services Article 87 Unequally Assigning [Corvée Services to] Able-Bodied Adult Males Article 88 Hiding [Persons from] Corvée Services Article 89 Prohibition [against Fraudulently Claiming to Be] Security Group Chiefs or Community Heads Article 90 Fleeing to Evade Corvée Services Article 91 Appointing Prison Guards Article 92 Privately Employing Commoners or Government Artisans under One's Jurisdiction to Perform Services Article 93 Establishing Separate Household Registers or Dividing the Family Property Article 94 Inferior or Younger Family Members Making Use of Family Property without Authorization Article 95 Supporting Orphans and Elderly Persons Section 2 Fields and Houses Article 96 Fraudulently Concealing Fields and Their Produce Article 97 Inspecting Fields and Their Produce Damaged by Natural Calamities Article 98 Meritorious Officials' Fields Article 99 Fraudulently Selling Fields and Houses Article 100 Purchasing Fields or Houses [by Officials or Functionaries] in the Locations of Their Service Article 101 Purchasing Fields or Houses by Mortgage Article 102 Fraudulently Cultivating Government or Private Land Article 103 Allowing Land to Go Uncultivated Article 104 Discarding or Destroying Things Such as Utensils or Crops Article 105 Eating Melons or Fruits of Gardens or Orchards without Authorization Article 106 Borrowing Government Carriages or Boats without Authorization Section 3 Marriages Article 107 Marriages of Men and Women Article 108 Mortgaging or Renting Out Wives or Daughters Article 109 Disordering Wives and Concubines Article 110 Expelling Sons-in-Law and Marrying Off Daughters Article 111 Marrying Off or Taking in Marriage during the Mourning Period Article 112 Marrying Off or Taking in Marriage While Parents Are Imprisoned Article 113 Marrying Persons with the Same Surname Article 114 Marrying Superior or Inferior Relatives Article 115 Marrying Relatives' Wives or Concubines Article 116 Marrying Women or Daughters of Those under [the Officials'] Jurisdiction as Wives or Concubines Article 117 Marrying Runaway Women Article 118 Forcibly Seizing Wives or Daughters of Honorable Families Article 119 Marrying Musicians as Wives or Concubines Article 120 Buddhist or Daoist Priests Taking Wives Article 121 Marriages between Honorable and Inferior Persons Article 122 Marriages by Mongols and Semu People Article 123 Repudiating Wives Article 124 Punishments for Matchmakers and Others Who Arrange Marriages That Violate the Code Section 4 Granaries and Treasuries Article 125 Rules of Paper Currency Article 126 Rules of Coinage Article 127 Violating the Time Limits in Collecting Grain Taxes Article 128 Collecting Too Much Grain Tax above the Level of the Grain Measures Article 129 Concealing or Consuming Tax Paid in Grain or Other Taxable Materials Article 130 Monopolizing Payment of Tax Paid in Grain Article 131 Fraudulently Issuing Invoices or Receipts Article 132 Secretly Using Excess Money or Grain to Make Up Deficits Article 133 Borrowing Money or Grain without Authorization Article 134 Borrowing Government Objects without Authorization Article 135 Diverting [Items] in Expenditures or Receipts Article 136 Deceitfully Embezzling by Weighers in Granaries and Employees Article 137 Fraudulently Issuing Government Grain Article 138 Watching Each Other for Money and Grain Article 139 Failing to Discover Theft in Granaries and Treasuries Article 140 Waiting for Money and Grain to Be Expended and Opening Official Seals without Authorization Article 141 Violating [Rules] in Issuing or Receiving Government Goods Article 142 Creating Obstructions in Receiving or Issuing [Government Goods] Article 143 Delivering Gold or Silver in Standard Purity Article 144 Damaging Goods in Granaries or Treasuries Article 145 Transmitting Government Goods Article 146 Deciding the Seizure of Illicit Goods Improperly Article 147 Guarding Goods in the Hands of the Government Article 148 Concealing Household Goods That Go to the Government Section 5 Taxes The Salt Rules (Twelve articles) Articles 149<>60 Article 161 Supervisory [Officials or Functionaries] or Powerful Persons Engaging in Salt Transactions Article 162 Obstructing the Salt Laws Article 163 Illegal Transactions in Tea Article 164 Illegal Transactions in Alum Article 165 Evading Taxes Article 166 Maritime Merchants Hiding Goods Article 167 Households Failing to Pay Taxes Section 6 Monetary Obligations Article 168 Taking Interest in Violation of Prohibitions Article 169 Consuming Property Received in Deposit Article 170 Finding Lost Objects Section 7 Markets Article 171 Filling Positions of Commission Agents or Port Masters without Authorization Article 172 Assessing Prices of Merchandise by Market Authorities Article 173 Monopolizing Markets Article 174 Manufacturing Volume Measures, Weights, or Linear Measures without Authorization Article 175 Failing to Manufacture Utensils and Textiles in Accordance with the Rules Chapter 4 Laws on Rituals Section 1 Sacrifices Article 176 Sacrifices and Imperial Ancestor Worship Article 177 Destroying Mounds or Altars for Great Sacrifices Article 178 Performing Sacrifices to Spirits Recorded in The Sacrificial Canon Article 179 The Mausoleums of Rulers of Previous Dynasties Article 180 Profaning the Spirits Article 181 Prohibiting Sorcery of Wizards and Witches Section 2 Ceremonial Regulations Article 182 Preparing Imperial Medicine Article 183 Clothing or Personal Objects of the "Carriage" Article 184 Collecting and Keeping Proscribed Books and Practicing Astronomy without Authorization Article 185 Clothing and Objects Bestowed by the Emperor Article 186 Making Errors in Imperial Audiences or Congratulatory Ceremonies Article 187 Misbehaving during Ceremonies Article 188 Failing to Observe the Proper Procedure in Making Responses to the Throne Article 189 Obstructing Others from Attending Court Audiences Article 190 Sending Memorials or Making Statements to the Throne Article 191 Incumbent Officials Erecting Stele without Authorization Article 192 Prohibition against Greeting and Bidding Farewell Article 193 Official Messengers Insulting Senior Officials Article 194 Violating Sumptuary Regulations on Clothing and Houses Article 195 Buddhist and Daoist Priests Honoring Parents Article 196 Failing to Prophesy Heavenly Portents Article 197 Soothsayers Recklessly Predicting Disaster or Good Fortune Article 198 Concealing the Death of Parents or Husbands Article 199 Abandoning Relatives to Take Government Offices Article 200 Funerals Article 201 Community Wine-Drinking Ceremonies Chapter 5 Laws on Military Affairs Section 1 Guarding Palaces Article 202 Entering the Gates of the Imperial Ancestral Temple without Authorization Article 203 Entering the Gates of Palaces and Halls without Authorization Article 204 Substituting Imperial Bodyguards or Palace Guards without Authorization Article 205 Delaying in Escorting the "Carriage" Article 206 Walking on the Imperial Pathway Article 207 Substituting Services by Craftsmen Working in the Palace Treasury Article 208 Failing to Leave Palaces or Halls After the Constructions or Manufactures Are Completed Article 209 Leaving or Entering Palace or Hall Gates without Authorization Article 210 Controlling Identification Passes of Palace Eunuchs Who Enter or Leave Article 211 Shooting Arrows at Palaces or Halls Article 212 Arms of Imperial Guards Article 213 Prohibiting Those Who Have Been Convicted from Serving as Imperial Guards Article 214 Intruding into the Imperial Procession: [Failing to Avoid the Imperial Procession] Article 215 Intruding into the Imperial Procession: [Appealing for Redress of Wrongs That Are Not True] Article 216 Intruding into the Imperial Procession: [Failing to Guard against Domestic Animals] Article 217 The Camp Gates of the Imperial Traveling Palaces Article 218 Climbing over City Walls Article 219 Locking Gates through Which Passing Is Prohibited Article 220 Carrying Identification Tablets Section 2 Military Administration Article 221 Moving Government Troops without Authorization Article 222 Reporting Military Matters Article 223 Reporting Military Information at Full Speed Article 224 Requesting Military Supplies at the Frontiers Article 225 Losses or Mistakes in Military Operations Article 226 Violating the Time Limit in Following [Orders] to Go on Campaigns Article 227 Arranging for Substitutes in Service by Military Soldiers Article 228 Commanding Officers Failing to Defend [Their Positions] Tenaciously Article 229 Allowing Troops to Pillage Article 230 Failing to Train Soldiers Article 231 Provoking Honorable Persons to Revolt Article 232 Selling Military Horses without Authorization Article 233 Selling Military Equipment without Authorization Article 234 Destroying or Discarding Military Equipment Article 235 Possessing Prohibited Military Equipment without Authorization Article 236 Allowing Military Soldiers to Abandon Service Article 237 Employing Military Officers or Soldiers by Dukes or Marquises without Authorization Article 238 Officers or Soldiers Fleeing from Campaigns or Defense Article 239 Treating Military Dependents Preferentially Article 240 Curfews Section 3 Guard Posts and Fords Article 241 Passing Guard Posts or Fords without Authorization, by Circumvention, or by Deception Article 242 Deceitfully Issuing Travel Passes Article 243 Causing Difficulties at Checkpoints Article 244 Sending Wives or Daughters of Military Deserters out of Cities Article 245 Interrogating Spies Article 246 Crossing Frontiers without Authorization or Going to Sea in Violation of the Prohibitions Article 247 Employing Constables without Authorization Section 4 Stables and Herds Article 248 Raising Livestock Contrary to Law Article 249 Breeding Horses Article 250 Verifying Livestock Incorrectly Article 251 Raising or Treating Emaciated or Sick Livestock Contrary to Law Article 252 Injuring Government Livestock on Their Backs or Necks When Riding Them Article 253 Failing to Break and Train Government Horses Article 254 Slaughtering Horses and Cattle Article 255 Livestock Biting and Kicking People Article 256 Hiding Newborn Government Livestock Article 257 Borrowing or Lending Government Livestock without Authorization Article 258 Government Messengers Demanding to Borrow Horses Section 5 Postal Relay Stations Article 259 Delivering Government Documents: [Speed of Delivery] Article 260 Delivering Government Documents: [Damaged Documents] Article 261 Delivering Government Documents: [Inspection of Postal Relay Stations] Article 262 Intercepting Sealed Government Documents Article 263 Damaged Postal Relay Station Buildings Article 264 Employing Postal Relay Station Soldiers without Authorization Article 265 Government Messengers Delaying in Their Mission Article 266 Excessively Using Postal Horses Article 267 Accepting Excessive Supplies Article 268 Documents That Should Be Provided with Postal Relay Station Services [for Delivery] but Are Not Provided Article 269 Delaying Government Affairs That Should Be Carried Out Article 270 Occupying the Best Rooms of Postal Relay Stations Article 271 Carrying Private Articles While Riding on Post Horses Article 272 Making Commoners Carry Sedan Chairs without Authorization Article 273 Family Members of Officials Deceased from Illness Returning to Their Home Villages Article 274 Receiving Assignments but Hiring or Sending Others to Perform Them Article 275 Carrying Private Goods While Riding on Government Animals, Carriages, or Boats Article 276 Borrowing Post Horses without Authorization Chapter 6 Laws on Penal Affairs Section 1 Violence and Robbery Article 277 Plotting Rebellion and Great Sedition Article 278 Plotting Treason Article 279 Making Magical Inscriptions and Magical Incantations Article 280 Stealing Sacred Objects of the Spirits Devoted to the Great Sacrifices Article 281 Stealing Imperial Decrees Article 282 Stealing Seals Article 283 Stealing Property from the Palace Treasury Article 284 Stealing Keys to City Gates Article 285 Stealing Military Equipment Article 286 Stealing Plants or Trees within the Imperial Mausoleum Article 287 Supervisors or Custodians Themselves Stealing Money or Grain from Granaries or Treasuries Article 288 Ordinary Persons Stealing Money or Grain from Granaries or Treasuries Article 289 Forcible Robbery Article 290 Rescuing Prisoners by Force Article 291 Forcibly Taking in Daytime Article 292 Theft Article 293 Stealing Horses, Cattle, and Other Livestock Article 294 Stealing Rice and Wheat from Fields Article 295 Relatives Stealing from Each Other Article 296 Obtaining Property by Threats Article 297 Obtaining Government or Private Property by Deceit or Cheating Article 298 Kidnapping Persons or Kidnapping and Selling Persons Article 299 Uncovering Graves Article 300 Entering Others' Houses at Night without Reason Article 301 The Harborers of Thieves and Robbers Article 302 Jointly Plotting to Commit Robbery Article 303 Taking Goods Openly or Secretly Each Constitutes Robbery Article 304 Removing Tattoos Section 2 Homicide Article 305 Plotting to Kill Others Article 306 Plotting to Kill Imperial Emissaries or One's Own Superior Officers Article 307 Plotting to Kill Paternal Grandparents or Parents Article 308 Killing Adulterous Lovers Article 309 Plotting to Kill the Parents of a Deceased Husband Article 310 Killing Three Persons from One Household Article 311 Extracting Vitality by Dismembering Living Persons Article 312 Killing Others by Making or Keeping Gu Poison Article 313 Killing Others in Affrays or by Intention Article 314 Depriving Others of Clothes or Food Article 315 Killing or Injuring Others in Play, by Mistake, or by Negligence Article 316 Husbands Striking Transgressing Wives or Concubines to Death Article 317 Killing Sons, Sons' Sons, or Slaves and Putting the Blame on Others Article 318 Injuring Others with Bows and Arrows Article 319 Killing or Injuring Others with Carriages or Horses Article 320 Incompetent Physicians Killing or Injuring Others Article 321 Killing or Injuring Others with Spring Bows Article 322 Using Coercion to Cause Others to Die Article 323 Making Private Settlements When Superior or Older Relatives Are Killed by Others Article 324 Knowing Companions Plot to Harm Section 3 Affrays and Batteries Article 325 Affrays and Batteries Article 326 The Period of Responsibility for Crimes Article 327 Quarreling within the Palace Article 328 Striking the Imperial Relatives within the Sixth Degree of Mourning Article 329 Striking Imperial Emissaries or One's Own Head Officials Article 330 Associate or Other Subordinate Officials Striking Head Officials Article 331 Superior Officials and Subordinate Officials Striking Each Other Article 332 Officials of the Ninth Rank or Above Striking Head Officials Article 333 Resisting or Striking Persons Sent to Collect Taxes or to Direct Official Tasks Article 334 Striking Teachers from Whom the Offenders Receive Their Education Article 335 Using Coercion or Physical Strength to Restrain or Bind Others Article 336 Honorable and Mean Persons Striking Each Other Article 337 Slaves Striking Household Heads Article 338 Wives or Concubines Striking Husbands Article 339 Relatives of the Same Surname Striking Each Other Article 340 Striking Superior or Older Relatives of the Third Mourning Degree or More Distant Article 341 Striking Superior or Older Relatives of the Second Mourning Degree Article 342 Striking Paternal Grandparents or Parents Article 343 Wives or Concubines and Husbands' Relatives Striking Each Other Article 344 Striking Sons of Wives by Their Former Husbands Article 345 Wives or Concubines Striking Parents of Deceased Husbands Article 346 When Father or Paternal Grandfather Is Struck Section 4 Cursing Article 347 Cursing Others Article 348 Cursing Imperial Emissaries or One's Own Head Official Article 349 Associate or Other Subordinate Officials Cursing Head Officials Article 350 Slaves Cursing Household Heads Article 351 Cursing Superior or Older Relatives Article 352 Cursing Paternal Grandparents or Parents Article 353 Wives or Concubines Cursing Husbands' Superior or Older Relatives of the Second Mourning Degree Article 354 Wives or Concubines Cursing Parents of Deceased Husbands Section 5 Accusations and Suits Article 355 Litigation Bypassing Appropriate Jurisdiction Article 356 Making Anonymous Written Accusations of Offenses against Others Article 357 Not Accepting and Acting on Accusations Article 358 Withdrawing from Trying Cases Article 359 Making False Accusations Article 360 Violating Status and Offending against Righteousness Article 361 Sons or Sons' Sons Violating Instructional Orders Article 362 Prisoners Are Not Permitted to Make Accusations Regarding Others' Matters to the Authorities Article 363 Instigating Litigation Article 364 Coordinating Litigation Involving Military Personnel and Civilians Article 365 Family Members Lodging Accusations on Behalf of Officials or Functionaries Article 366 False Accusations of Offenses Punishable by Military Exile or Banishment Section 6 Accepting Illicit Goods Article 367 Officials or Functionaries Accepting Property Article 368 Committing Crimes Involving Illicit Goods Obtained through Malfeasance Article 369 Accepting Property After Completing the Matters Article 370 Seeking Favorable Decisions of Matters by Offering Property Article 371 Officials Extorting or Borrowing Property from Others Article 372 Household Members [of Officials] Extorting [Property] Article 373 Surveillance Officials or Functionaries Committing Offenses Involving Illicit Goods Article 374 Making Unauthorized Collections for Public Benefit Article 375 Privately Accepting Property from Dukes or Marquises Article 376 Retaining Stolen Goods Article 377 Officials or Functionaries Permitting Promises of Property Section 7 Deceiving and Counterfeiting Article 378 Counterfeiting Imperial Rescripts Article 379 Deceitfully Transmitting Imperial Decrees Article 380 Replying to or Memorializing the Emperor Untruthfully Article 381 Counterfeiting Items Such as Seals and Almanacs Article 382 Counterfeiting Treasure Paper Currency Article 383 Privately Casting Copper Cash Article 384 Deceitfully Impersonating Officials Article 385 Deceitfully Claiming to Be Palace Attendants or Other Officials Article 386 Court Attendants Deceitfully Claiming to Be on Private Missions Article 387 Deceitfully Making False Auspicious Portents Article 388 Avoiding Duties by Feigning Illness, Death, or Injury Article 389 Deceitfully Enticing Others to Violate the Law Section 8 Committing Fornication Article 390 Committing Fornication Article 391 Facilitating and Tolerating Wives or Concubines to Commit Fornication Article 392 Committing Fornication with Relatives Article 393 Falsely Accusing Fathers-in-Law of Fornication Article 394 Slaves or Hired Laborers Committing Fornication with Household Heads' Wives Article 395 Committing Fornication with Wives or Daughters of Subordinates Article 396 Committing Fornication during the Period of Mourning or by Buddhist or Daoist Clergy Article 397 Honorable and Inferior Persons Committing Fornication with Each Other Article 398 Officials or Functionaries Sleeping with Entertainers Article 399 Purchasing Honorable Persons to Be Entertainers Section 9 Miscellaneous Offenses Article 400 Destroying Exhibition Pavilions Article 401 Furnishing Medical Care and Medicine to Artisans and Soldiers Who Are Sick Article 402 Gambling Article 403 Castrating Others Article 404 Seeking Favors in Public Matters Article 405 Privately Settling Public Matters Article 406 Accidentally Setting Fires Article 407 Deliberately Setting Fires and Burning Others' Houses Article 408 Theatrical Performances Article 409 Violating the Commandment Article 410 Doing What Ought Not to Be Done Section 10 Arrests and Escapes Article 411 Pursuing and Arresting Criminals by Those Who Are Charged with the Duty of Arrest Article 412 Criminals Resisting Arrest Article 413 Imprisoned Criminals Escaping from Prisons or Using Force to Break out of Prisons and Running Away Article 414 Criminals under Penal Servitude or Life Exile Running Away Article 415 Delaying in Sending Prisoners Article 416 Custodians Not Discovering the Escape of Prisoners Article 417 Knowing the Circumstances and Concealing Criminals Article 418 Time Limit for Arresting Robbers and Thieves Section 11 Judgment and Imprisonment Article 419 Not Imprisoning Criminals Who Should Be Imprisoned Article 420 Deliberately Imprisoning or Interrogating Innocent Persons Article 421 Prolonging Imprisonment Article 422 Mistreating Prisoners Article 423 Giving Prisoners Edged Metal Tools That Can Be Used to Free Themselves Article 424 Custodians Instructing Prisoners to Contradict Their Confessions Article 425 Prisoners' Clothing and Food Article 426 When Meritorious Officials Are Imprisoned, Their Relatives May Visit Them Article 427 Prisoners Condemned to Death Ordering Others to Kill Them Article 428 Old and Young Persons Are Not Put to Judicial Torture Article 429 Detaining Prisoners during Interrogations to Wait for Direct Confrontation Article 430 Judging Cases in Accordance with the Specifications in the Complaints Article 431 Complainants Not Being Released After the Trial Is Completed Article 432 Prisoners Falsely Accusing Innocent Persons Article 433 Officials Exonerating the Guilty or Implicating the Innocent Article 434 Reversing Unjust Judgments Article 435 The Degrees of Competence of Officials Having Jurisdiction for Executing [Sentences] of Prisoners Article 436 Examining Wounds on Corpses and Making Untrue Reports Article 437 Administering Penalties Not in Accordance with the Law Article 438 Head Officials or Emissaries Committing Offenses Article 439 Citing the Code and the Commandment in Deciding Penalties Article 440 Obtaining Prisoners' Acceptance of Punishment or Petition for Revision Article 441 Incorrectly Deciding Penalties before Amnesties Article 442 Hearing That There Will Be Amnesties and Deliberately Committing Crimes Article 443 Prisoners Sentenced to Penal Servitude Failing to Perform Labor Services Article 444 Women Committing Crimes Article 445 Awaiting Replies to Memorials concerning Prisoners Sentenced to Death Article 446 Deciding Penalties Incorrectly Article 447 Functionaries Writing Confessions for [the Accused] Chapter 7 Laws on Public Works Section 1 Constructions and Manufactures Article 448 Engaging in Constructions and Manufactures without Authorization Article 449 Wasting Labor in Procuring [Things] That Cannot Be Used Article 450 Engaging in Constructions and Manufactures Contrary to the Law Article 451 Fraudulently Taking Excessive Materials Article 452 Bringing in [Private] Materials and Manufacturing Them into Silk Cloth Article 453 Weaving Silk Cloth with Prohibited Designs of Dragons and Phoenixes Article 454 Exceeding Time Limits for Manufacture Article 455 Repairing Granaries or Treasuries Article 456 Officials or Functionaries Having Authority but Not Residing in Public Office Buildings Section 2 Dikes Article 457 Breaching Dikes through Theft Article 458 Failing to Repair Dikes at the Proper Time Article 459 Encroaching on Public Streets and Roads Article 460 Repairing Bridges and Roads Glossary Bibliography Article Index General Index
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Law -- China -- Sources.