U.S. Census Bureau
 American Housing Survey (AHS)




American Housing Survey for the United States: 1999


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Table 2-4. Selected Equipment and Plumbing--Occupied Units
[Numbers in thousands.  Consistent with the 1990 Census.  ... means not applicable or sample too small.  - means zero or rounds to zero.]
Housing unit characteristics
Tenure
Physical problems
Household characteristics
Total
occupied
units		 Owner Renter New con-
struction
4 years		 Mobile
homes		 Severe Moderate Black Hispanic Elderly
(65 years
and over)		 Moved in
past year		 Below
poverty
level		 Total
occupied
units		 In MSAs
Central
cities		 Suburbs Outside
MSAs		 Urban
Total		 Outside
MSAs		 Rural
Total		 Suburbs Outside
MSAs		 Regions
Northeast		 Midwest South West

Total		 102803 68796 34007 5881 6785 2052 4826 12936 9041 21423 17447 14264 102803 31131 48780 22891 73259 7912 29544 14420 14979 19958 24360 36389 22096

Equipment@1

Lacking complete kitchen facilities		 1744 388 1355 70 59 231 1512 390 230 247 611 506 1744 839 634 271 1487 132 257 118 139 392 359 510 483
With complete kitchen (sink,
refrigerator, and oven or burners)		 101059 68407 32652 5811 6726 1821 3313 12546 8811 21176 16837 13757 101059 30292 48147 22620 71772 7780 29287 14302 14840 19566 24001 35879 21613
Kitchen sink 102439 68705 33734 5869 6775 1907 4607 12856 9019 21368 17357 14116 102439 30970 48652 22817 72967 7881 29472 14392 14936 19853 24282 36288 22016
Refrigerator 102360 68633 33727 5862 6766 1918 4517 12827 8991 21356 17307 14095 102360 30948 48614 22798 72931 7880 29429 14367 14918 19847 24260 36255 21998
Cooking stove or range 101955 68499 33457 5842 6706 1863 4483 12773 8945 21291 17186 13999 101955 30780 48454 22721 72589 7839 29366 14339 14882 19774 24159 36102 21921
Burners, no stove or range 141 58 84 7 11 13 17 23 23 25 44 28 141 60 53 29 115 14 26 12 14 35 36 40 30
Microwave oven only 343 129 214 15 25 46 94 49 36 55 106 90 343 129 152 61 270 32 72 43 29 71 78 121 73
Dishwasher 57703 44904 12799 5009 2638 548 1280 4256 3301 10597 9363 4372 57703 14404 32632 10667 40870 3461 16833 9506 7206 9707 12231 21659 14106
Washing machine 80543 65140 15403 5448 5887 1116 2904 8182 5432 17544 10179 8703 80543 19950 40882 19712 53591 6178 26952 13288 13534 14383 19633 29926 16601
Clothes dryer 76454 62738 13716 5386 5511 903 2436 6895 4440 16147 9799 7433 76454 18170 39530 18755 50567 5868 25887 12869 12887 13141 19278 28166 15869
Disposal in kitchen sink 45345 31659 13685 3606 921 468 1062 3910 3714 8408 8736 4137 45345 14222 25321 5802 36895 2849 8450 5395 2952 4430 10912 15130 14872
Trash compactor 3858 3155 703 279 79 35 76 337 288 753 565 291 3858 1096 2144 618 2849 207 1009 581 411 576 681 1433 1168

Air conditioning:
Central		 54878 41167 13711 4939 3728 597 1172 6065 3852 11216 9366 5715 54878 14622 29623 10633 38980 3781 15898 8936 6852 4682 13897 27675 8625
Additional central 3330 2776 554 469 166 32 69 257 256 587 578 291 3330 830 1928 572 2277 174 1054 644 398 206 435 2093 596
1 room unit 16277 8382 7895 244 1244 469 1371 2500 1690 3718 2836 3171 16277 5597 6250 4431 11488 1599 4789 1952 2832 5221 4859 3611 2586
2 room units 7499 4998 2502 60 518 167 712 1213 694 1610 851 1046 7499 2478 3163 1859 5305 645 2194 976 1214 2918 1687 2500 395
3 room units or more 3112 2462 650 15 83 42 349 489 312 602 249 325 3112 1096 1420 596 2452 211 659 272 385 1467 395 1122 127

Main Heating Equipment

Warm-air furnace		 62018 44901 17117 4090 5096 928 1590 7399 4216 12531 10314 7527 62018 17878 30500 13641 44595 4976 17423 8669 8665 8062 19224 20672 14061
Steam or hot water system 13153 7581 5572 193 19 479 590 1867 1188 3147 1831 1763 13153 5553 5716 1885 10766 721 2387 1216 1164 9372 2277 741 764
Electric heat pump 10992 7809 3183 1275 910 88 185 1337 1008 1981 2202 1213 10992 2737 6091 2163 6896 537 4095 2428 1627 330 628 8750 1284
Built-in electric units 4939 2285 2654 120 83 83 190 435 344 1121 1109 857 4939 1198 2055 1686 3234 630 1704 649 1055 1228 1135 912 1664
Floor, wall, or other built-in hot-air
units without ducts		 5310 2403 2907 96 165 170 257 690 1188 1145 1046 1210 5310 2086 2241 983 4390 438 920 373 545 450 559 1473 2828
Room heaters with flue 1624 939 685 22 77 62 76 301 156 488 220 470 1624 373 533 717 879 196 745 219 522 182 230 853 359
Room heaters without flue 1790 1066 723 14 172 62 1728 586 354 466 228 570 1790 549 377 863 1023 307 767 210 556 28 47 1649 66
Portable electric heaters 705 360 345 15 97 27 50 109 240 111 128 207 705 261 364 80 499 23 206 148 58 30 24 459 192
Stoves 1113 914 199 11 91 82 59 81 46 239 64 201 1113 28 449 636 129 31 984 376 606 187 157 442 327
Fireplaces with inserts 138 121 17 16 5 0 0 12 9 24 15 8 138 11 54 73 37 11 101 38 62 10 19 53 57
Fireplaces without inserts 73 51 22 5 4 5 4 10 13 22 12 16 73 11 26 36 31 8 42 14 28 0 3 37 32
Other 289 114 176 12 20 16 24 48 47 53 93 59 289 106 92 91 201 27 88 24 64 33 38 164 54
Cooking stove 116 47 68 0 9 15 5 16 35 26 28 31 116 62 36 18 84 2 31 16 16 48 9 41 17
None 544 206 338 13 38 36 69 45 194 69 156 131 544 279 247 18 493 7 51 39 11 0 10 144 389

Other Heating Equipment@1

Warm-air furnace		 695 565 131 23 56 8 27 76 44 193 78 83 695 175 300 220 411 62 284 126 159 107 224 193 172
Steam or hot water system 236 145 91 5 0 16 22 28 34 65 33 22 236 116 98 22 187 8 49 35 14 163 43 15 15
Electric heat pump 343 291 53 45 8 3 12 20 9 91 26 42 343 58 218 67 188 14 156 101 53 29 57 225 32
Built-in electric units 2811 2125 686 101 78 26 162 215 153 666 341 297 2811 646 1214 951 1641 258 1170 474 693 551 620 780 860
Floor, wall, or other built-in hot-air
units without ducts		 359 269 90 6 22 7 25 66 36 109 39 59 359 95 139 124 229 46 130 51 79 34 61 161 103
Room heaters with flue 853 740 114 35 55 30 52 118 43 279 61 146 853 171 305 377 393 75 460 158 302 170 179 362 142
Room heaters without flue 2145 1714 431 76 287 60 222 269 82 470 144 286 2145 329 818 998 920 212 1225 437 786 355 483 1183 123
Portable electric heaters 7407 5535 1871 175 519 220 583 864 547 1944 706 905 7407 2165 3385 1857 5044 609 2363 1105 1248 1204 1840 2319 2044
Stoves 4599 4145 453 119 324 93 130 178 172 976 297 394 4599 445 2118 2036 1539 324 3060 1338 1712 1268 930 1100 1299
Fireplaces with inserts 4321 3897 423 415 206 46 73 330 218 760 510 301 4321 701 2353 1266 2225 247 2096 1068 1019 418 844 1621 1437
Fireplaces without inserts 3753 3098 655 402 115 37 96 331 284 575 686 281 3753 939 2153 660 2535 201 1218 754 460 322 522 1599 1311
Other 667 569 98 21 38 22 33 28 43 186 33 69 667 112 305 249 314 44 352 147 205 175 147 207 138
Cooking stove 683 446 237 19 39 34 47 121 81 213 81 121 683 264 276 143 508 46 175 78 97 152 148 256 128
None 78165 49127 29039 4580 5157 1534 3513 10623 7324 16053 14552 11567 78165 25526 37133 15506 58974 6071 19191 9639 9436 15846 19160 27771 15388

Used as parallel heating
equipment@1		 4114 3289 824 117 153 106 221 321 280 1024 426 509 4114 819 1910 1385 2200 310 1914 837 1075 770 752 1304 1287
Warm-air furnace 277 228 49 16 19 2 12 19 22 82 30 33 277 63 151 63 171 23 107 66 41 43 84 73 77
Steam or hot water system 109 61 48 0 0 7 16 9 22 25 17 19 109 64 35 10 95 5 15 10 5 67 26 8 8
Electric heat pump 121 111 10 15 0 2 5 5 2 33 2 19 121 14 82 25 69 9 52 34 16 5 7 95 14
Built-in electric units 1191 883 308 14 17 12 78 91 71 272 155 104 1191 290 539 363 760 109 431 177 254 252 230 299 410
Floor, wall, or other built-in hot-air
units without ducts		 147 116 31 0 9 4 8 12 17 46 18 26 147 28 55 64 82 22 65 23 42 1 22 62 62
Room heaters with flue 306 275 31 5 15 16 20 41 17 118 21 86 306 70 99 136 155 28 150 42 108 62 68 129 47
Stoves 946 834 111 11 62 28 36 35 49 252 44 97 946 44 422 480 239 45 707 273 434 244 157 248 297
Fireplaces with inserts 564 477 87 23 21 10 11 47 30 117 59 63 564 95 295 174 295 36 270 129 138 57 85 211 211
Fireplaces with no inserts 490 377 114 28 10 12 29 58 30 78 72 51 490 99 252 140 299 51 192 102 89 35 63 181 212
Cooking stove 63 23 40 0 3 6 9 15 9 17 11 12 63 37 22 4 53 2 10 8 2 16 4 23 21
Other 193 151 41 6 6 16 11 6 27 53 18 39 193 33 94 66 84 3 109 46 63 42 47 73 30

Used as supplemental heating
equipment@1		 19611 15965 3646 1091 1375 394 1039 1852 1167 4334 2150 1985 19611 4313 9229 6069 11130 1514 8480 3900 4555 3334 4349 6905 5022
Warm-air furnace 307 267 40 2 36 5 14 41 12 73 25 31 307 56 114 137 148 28 159 50 109 46 103 86 71
Steam or hot water system 85 59 27 3 0 8 3 6 8 32 3 2 85 38 35 12 63 3 22 13 9 62 12 5 7
Electric heat pump 196 160 37 28 8 0 7 13 6 53 23 21 196 37 118 41 100 5 97 60 37 15 47 118 16
Built-in electric units 1581 1229 352 81 58 14 82 119 74 387 170 181 1581 331 665 585 850 149 731 293 436 290 385 468 438
Floor, wall, or other built-in hot-air
units without ducts		 169 123 45 4 10 2 9 43 16 51 18 23 169 49 69 51 121 21 48 18 30 22 32 84 30
Room heaters with flue 419 369 50 17 36 11 28 64 10 124 26 47 419 62 142 215 161 44 258 87 171 94 93 171 62
Room heaters without flue 2145 1714 431 76 287 60 222 269 82 470 144 286 2145 329 818 998 920 212 1225 437 786 355 483 1183 123
Portable electric heaters 7407 5535 1871 175 519 220 583 864 547 1944 706 905 7407 2165 3385 1857 5044 609 2363 1105 1248 1204 1840 2319 2044
Stoves 3601 3266 335 98 250 66 94 142 119 720 243 293 3601 389 1670 1541 1269 273 2332 1055 1268 1003 764 840 995
Fireplaces with inserts 2928 2718 211 331 173 19 51 225 126 497 340 177 2928 454 1554 920 1414 165 1514 752 755 292 633 1156 848
Fireplaces with no inserts 3228 2692 536 371 105 24 65 273 249 496 602 230 3228 832 1880 516 2216 150 1012 642 367 287 455 1396 1089
Cooking stove 445 298 148 4 22 23 34 88 49 165 32 85 445 169 190 86 338 33 108 54 54 108 89 185 64
Other 458 405 53 15 32 6 22 20 15 129 13 30 458 77 197 183 222 41 236 94 142 124 95 134 105

Plumbing

With all plumbing facilities		 101367 68136 33231 5840 6720 617 4826 12690 8841 21045 17176 13873 101367 30527 48284 22555 72183 7794 29183 14280 14761 19591 24066 35946 21764
Lacking some or all plumbing facilities@1 1436 660 776 41 65 1436 0 246 201 378 272 391 1436 604 496 336 1075 118 360 140 218 367 293 443 332
No hot piped water 319 130 188 14 24 319 0 97 32 86 80 133 319 116 78 124 181 32 138 46 92 76 64 145 34
No bathtub and no shower 316 118 198 11 13 316 0 76 26 81 80 129 316 125 77 114 187 26 130 42 88 88 58 121 49
No flush toilet 293 105 188 11 13 293 0 70 27 70 77 124 293 125 73 95 174 17 119 40 77 80 50 115 48
No exclusive use 1065 515 550 27 41 1065 0 141 165 280 180 235 1065 461 410 194 860 81 205 91 113 281 223 282 279

Primary Source of Water

Public system or private company		 89942 57390 32552 4868 4879 1815 4285 12342 8762 18435 16359 12824 89942 30936 42552 16454 71897 7800 18045 9278 8654 16973 20493 31765 20712
Well serving 1 to 5 units 12400 11040 1360 979 1829 174 521 581 264 2839 1037 1353 12400 176 6096 6128 1315 112 11086 5038 6016 2895 3762 4410 1333
Drilled 10774 9738 1036 907 1551 148 440 423 232 2479 866 1126 10774 157 5333 5284 1164 98 9610 4395 5186 2479 3307 3794 1195
Dug 1078 922 156 55 190 19 62 102 18 268 76 166 1078 6 457 615 70 3 1008 396 612 292 287 407 92
Not reported 548 381 167 18 89 7 19 57 15 92 94 61 548 14 306 228 81 10 467 247 218 124 168 209 46
Other 460 365 95 34 77 63 20 13 15 149 51 87 460 19 131 310 47 0 413 104 309 90 105 214 51

Safety of Primary Source of Water

Selected primary water sources@13		 102773 68781 33991 5879 6783 2045 4823 12933 9030 21419 17436 14258 102773 31120 48768 22884 73236 7912 29537 14420 14973 19956 24354 36384 22078
Safe to drink 91433 62778 28656 5375 6133 1637 4055 11200 6793 19978 14719 12297 91433 26644 43423 21367 63968 7355 27465 13332 14012 17980 22696 32871 17886
Not safe to drink 9997 5212 4785 452 550 369 688 1560 2113 1188 2401 1701 9997 4040 4649 1308 8246 483 1752 903 825 1719 1439 2949 3890
Safety not reported 1342 792 550 52 99 39 81 173 124 253 315 260 1342 436 697 210 1022 74 321 185 136 257 219 563 303

Source of Drinking Water

Primary source not safe to drink		 9997 5212 4785 452 550 369 688 1560 2113 1188 2401 1701 9997 4040 4649 1308 8246 483 1752 903 825 1719 1439 2949 3890
Drinking and primary water source
the same		 1979 1072 908 101 118 108 134 310 338 293 437 430 1979 835 831 313 1598 118 381 182 195 465 405 577 532
Public or private system 1912 1011 901 93 112 94 127 309 334 288 425 416 1912 835 799 277 1587 118 325 161 159 454 386 543 530
Individual well 56 50 7 1 2 4 7 0 4 5 6 9 56 0 24 32 10 0 46 14 32 11 18 24 2
Spring 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cistern 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Stream or lake 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
Other 10 10 0 7 4 10 0 0 0 0 7 4 10 0 7 4 0 0 10 7 4 0 0 10 0
Drinking and primary water source
different		 8000 4129 3871 349 432 256 554 1246 1775 890 1962 1269 8000 3199 3806 995 6633 364 1367 717 631 1243 1031 2372 3353
Public or private system 16 14 2 0 5 3 3 3 0 2 2 7 16 0 7 9 3 0 13 4 9 3 2 9 3
Individual well 48 39 9 6 8 0 7 12 18 14 4 5 48 17 19 12 30 2 18 8 10 8 0 36 4
Spring 188 117 72 0 15 9 21 48 22 34 43 41 188 69 75 45 135 7 54 15 38 109 20 27 32
Cistern 17 11 6 0 0 0 0 1 10 2 2 2 17 4 10 2 12 0 5 3 2 0 4 0 13
Stream or lake 17 6 12 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 5 3 17 3 8 6 14 3 3 0 3 7 3 3 5
Commercial bottled water 6045 2954 3091 263 333 197 435 1058 1364 643 1538 973 6045 2448 2879 718 5043 276 1002 542 443 882 731 1817 2615
Other 1668 989 680 80 71 47 89 117 360 195 369 237 1668 658 809 201 1397 77 272 145 124 235 271 480 682
Source of drinking water not reported 18 11 7 2 0 5 0 4 0 5 1 2 18 6 12 0 14 0 4 4 0 11 2 0 4

Means of Sewage Disposal

Public sewer		 79959 48672 31287 3945 2863 1664 3826 11714 8362 16303 15333 11600 79959 30740 37570 11649 70139 7623 9820 5699 4026 15541 19188 26012 19218
Septic tank, cesspool, chemical toilet 22753 20071 2683 1925 3913 298 999 1204 675 5093 2095 2620 22753 377 11187 11189 3099 287 19654 8704 10902 4407 5164 10317 2865
Other 90 53 37 11 8 90 0 19 4 26 20 43 90 14 23 53 20 2 70 17 51 11 8 59 12
@1Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.
@1Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.
@1Figures may not add to total because more than one category may apply to a unit.
@13Excludes units where primary source of water is commercial bottled water.

Go to American Housing Survey for the United States: 1999
Contact the American Housing Survey Branch by email or by phone at 301-763-3235 or 1-888-518-7365, or visit ask.census.gov for further information on American Housing Survey Data.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Housing and Household Economic Statistics Division
Last Revised: February 18, 2005