January, 1992 - December, 1995
127 Citations from AGRICOLA
by
Diane Doyle
Water Quality Information Center
**************************************************************
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Delivery Services" at
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CRYPTOSPORIDIUM: WATER QUALITY, AGRICULTURE AND HEALTH EFFECTS
1. A 2359-base pair DNA fragment from Cryptosporidium parvum
encoding a repetitive oocyst protein.
Lally, N. C.; Baird, G. D.; McQuay, S. J.; Wright, F.; Oliver, J.
J.
Mol-Biochem-Parasitol v.56, p.69-78. (1992).
Includes references.
Descriptors: cryptosporidium-; oocysts-; protein-; dna-; genes-;
nucleotide-sequences; amino-acid-sequences;
molecular-sequence-data
Abstract: A Cryptosporidium parvum lambda gt11 expression library
was constructed using EcoRI-digested genomic DNA extracted from
in vitro- excysted oocysts. Screening of this library with rat
anti-Cryptosporidium antiserum led to the isolation of a clone
containing a 2359-bp EcoRI fragment. When this fragment was
ligated into the EcoRI site of plasmid vector pMS1S, the
resulting clone expressed a 200-kDa beta- galactosidase fusion
protein. Western blot analysis using serum raised against this
fusion protein indicated that the EcoRI fragment represented
part of a gene encoding a 190-kDa oocyst wall protein of C.
parvum. Sequencing of the fragment revealed a continuous open
reading frame encoding 786 amino acids. The DNA sequence is
relatively low in G + C (39.1%), and the third codon position
contains only 17.9% G + C. The deduced peptide sequence has
unusually high proportions of cysteine, proline, glutamine and
histidine. Another striking feature of the amino acid sequence
is the presence of distinctly repetitive regions based on
conserved cysteine residues.
NAL Call No.: QL757.M6
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2. Age-related resistance in ovine cryptosporidiosis: patterns of
infection and humoral immune repair.
Ortega Mora, L. M.; Wright, S. E.
Infect-immun. Washington, D.C., American Society for
Microbiology. Nov 1994. v. 62 (11) p. 5003-5009.
Includes references.
Descriptors: lambs-; cryptosporidium-parvum; disease-resistance;
age-differences; experimental-infections; oocysts-;
antibody-formation; diarrhea-; humoral-immunity; igg-; iga-;
protozoal-infections
Abstract: The phenomenon of age-related resistance to infection
with Cryptosporidium parvum has been well characterized in rodent
models, and its existence has been demonstrated in calves. To
determine whether this is a genuine age effect in a fully
susceptible animal model or the result of infection with related
pathogens inducing a nonspecific immunity, and to examine several
parameters associated with severity of clinical diseases, lambs
maintained in a parasite-free environment were infected with C.
parvum oocysts at increasing ages. A marked decrease in the
severity of clinical symptoms was observed as the age at
infection increased, though the kinetics of both fecal and serum
antibody responses were similar in all age groups, suggesting
that mechanisms other than humoral response may play an important
role in the development of age- related resistance. This study
demonstrates the first experimental evidence for age-related
resistance to ovine cryptosporidiosis and examines parameters
which may influence the acquisition of resistance to infection.
NAL Call No.: QR1.I57
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3. Analysis of humoral immune response in chickens after
inoculation with Cryptosporidium baileyi or Cryptosporidium
parvum.
Naciri, M.; Mancassola, R.; Reperant, J. M.; Yvore, P.
Avian-dis. Kennett Square, Pa. : American Association of Avian
Pathologists Inc. Oct/Dec 1994. v. 38 (4) p. 832-838.
Includes references.
Descriptors: chickens-; cryptosporidium-; cryptosporidium-parvum;
oocysts-; experimental-infections; antigens-; molecular-weight;
antigen-antibody- reactions; antibody-formation; cross-reaction;
igg-; iga-; protozoal-infections; cryptosporidiosis-
Abstract: White leghorn chickens aged 14 days were orally
inoculated with 1 X 10(6) oocysts of Cryptosporidium baileyi or
C. parvum to compare the specific immune responses.
Cross-reactions were evaluated using homologous or heterologous
antigens in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and
Western blot to determine the occurrence of an antigenic homology
between these two species. Blood, bile, whole intestine, bursa
of Fabricius, and feces were collected daily from the day of
inoculation (day 0) to day 22 postinoculation (PI). Eight control
chickens remained negative up to day 22 PI. Chickens inoculated
with C. baileyi did not express clinical symptoms but shed
oocysts from days 6 to 21 PI. Chickens inoculated with C parvum
exhibited no clinical signs, no oocysts in feces, and no
developmental stages of the parasite. However, a specific immune
response to both antigens appeared on day 9 PI. ELISA using
homologous or heterologous antigens showed that anti-C baileyi
and anti-C parvum antibodies in serum or bile were detectable
using C. baileyi or C. parvum oocysts as antigen, but the
intensity of the response was significantly higher when C.
baileyi was used. Cross-reactions in immunoblot analysis
confirmed ELISA results, revealing a greater number of bands
using C. baileyi as antigen but showing that epitopes recognized
on the protein with a molecular weight of 15,000-17,000 were
different.
NAL Call No.: 41.8-Av5
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4. Arginine aminopeptidase, an integral membrane protein of the
Cryptosporidium parvum sporozoite.
Okhuysen, P. C.; DuPont, H. L.; Sterling, C. R.; Chappell, C. L.
Infect-immun. Washington, D.C., American Society for
Microbiology. Oct 1994. v. 62 (10) p. 4667-4670.
Includes references.
Descriptors: cryptosporidium-parvum; sporozoites-;
aminopeptidases-; arginine-; enzyme-activity; oocysts-;
cell-membranes
Abstract: Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts were studied for the
expression of aminopeptidase by using amino acids bound to the
synthetic fluorescent substrate 7-amino-4-trifluoromethyl
coumarin. After 1 h of incubation, intact oocysts showed no
activity, however, homogenization and solubilization with Triton
X-114 followed by phase separation yielded a 22-fold increase in
aminopeptidase activity in the detergent fraction. With
arginyl-6-amino-2-styrylquinoline as a substrate, aminopeptidase
activity was observed in permeabilized oocysts and freshly
excysted sporozoites but not on intact oocysts or empty oocyst
membranes after excystation. These results suggest that C. parvum
expresses an arginine aminopeptidase that is an integral protein
of the sporozoite membrane.
NAL Call No.: QR1.I57
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5. Attachment of Cryptosporidium parvum sporozoites to MDCK cells
in vitro.
Hamer, D. H.; Ward, H.; Tzipori, S.; Pereira, M. A.; Alroy, J.
P.; Keusch, G. T.
Infect-immun. Washington, D.C., American Society for
Microbiology. June 1994. v. 62 (6) p. 2208-2213.
Includes references.
Descriptors: cryptosporidium-parvum; sporozoites-; adhesion-;
in-vitro; kidneys-; cells-; host-parasite-relationships;
disease-models; time-; temperature-; ph-;
madin-darby-canine-kidney-cells
Abstract: Abstract: The initial attachment of Cryptosporidium
parvum sporozoites to host cells in vivo may be a critical event
in the pathogenesis of this infection. The molecular basis of
attachment and the conditions influencing this host-parasite
interaction have not been studied systematically. Therefore, we
have developed a sporozoite attachment model by using
paraformaldehyde-fixed Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells.
Attachment of sporozoites to fixed MDCK cells was quantitated by
indirect immunofluorescence and confirmed by transmission
electron microscopy. Attachment in this system was time,
temperature (37 degrees C), and pH (7.2 to 7.6) dependent.
Dose-response studies demonstrated that the attachment of
sporozoites to fixed MDCK cells was a saturable process.
Attachment was enhanced in the presence of 10mM manganese, 1 mM
calcium, and 1 to 10 mM zinc. Attachment of sporozoites to MDCK
cells was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by polyclonal
anti-Cryptosporidium antisera and by purified immunoglobulin G
(IgG). This model will be useful for the study of parasite and
host cell molecules involved in the initial interaction of C.
parvum sporozoites with their target cell.
NAL Call No.: QR1.I57
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6. Better treatments for a "new" disease.
Utah-Sci-Utah-Agric-Exp-Stn v.54, p.13-14. (1993).
Descriptors: cryptosporidium-; intestinal-diseases; parasites-;
infection-; medical-treatment; cryptosporidiosis-
NAL Call No.: 100-UT1F
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7. Biopathological data of goat kids with cryptosporidiosis.
Molina, J. M.; Rodriguez Ponce, E.; Ferrer, O.; Gutierrez, A. C.;
Hernandez, S.
Vet-rec v.135, p.67-68. (1994).
Includes references.
Descriptors: kids-; cryptosporidium-; oocysts-; feces-;
blood-picture; blood-composition; pathology-
NAL Call No.: 41.8-V641
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8. Bovine antibody against Cryptosporidium parvum elicits a
circumsporozoite precipitate-like reaction and has
immunotherapeutic effect against persistent cryptosporidiosis in
SCID mice.
Riggs, M. W.; Cama, V. A.; Leary, H. L. Jr.; Sterling, C. R.
Infect-immun. Washington, D.C., American Society for
Microbiology. May 1994. v. 62 (5) p. 1927-1939.
Includes references.
Descriptors: cryptosporidium-parvum; cows-; colostral-immunity;
immunotherapy-; mice-; immunological-deficiency; immune-serum;
surface- antigens
Abstract: Control of cryptosporidiosis is currently hampered by
the absence of drugs or vaccines proven consistently effective
against Cryptosporidium parvum. On the basis of observations
that anti-C parvum antibody has therapeutic effect against
cryptosporidiosis, cows were immunized with C parvum to produce
hyperimmune colostral antibody. An antibody-rich fraction was
prepared and differentiated from control (nonhyperimmune)
antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immunofluorescence
assay, immunoelectron microscopy, and in vitro neutralizing
titer against DEAE-cellulose-isolated C parvum sporozoites.
Oocyst, purified sporozoite, and merozoite antigens recognized by
hyperimmune antibody were defined by Western blot (immunoblot).
Hyperimmune antibody recognized antigens common to oocysts,
sporozoites, and merozoites, as well as stage-specific antigens.
Upon incubation with hyperimmune antibody, sporozoites underwent
distinct morphologic changes characterized by progressive
formation and eventual release of membranous sporozoite surface
antigen-antibody complexes, similar to the malaria
circumsporozoite precipitate reaction. The infectivity of
sporozoites having undergone this reaction was neutralized. The
reaction was minimal or absent on sporozoites incubated with
control antibody. To determine therapeutic effect in vivo,
persistent C. parvum infection was established in adult severe
combined immune-deficient (SCID) mice by oral inoculation with
10(7) oocysts. At 5 weeks postinfection, infected mice were
treated for 10 days with hyperimmune or control antibody by
inclusion in drinking water and daily gavage. Fecal oocyst
shedding and infection scores in the. control antibody-treated
mice. Hyperimmune bovine antibody prepared against C parvum may
provide a first-generation therapy for control of
cryptosporidiosis. Additionally, the defined antigens can be
evaluated as subunit immunogens to produce better-characterized
polyclonal antibody for control of cryptosporidiosis or as
targets for monoclonal antibody-based immunotherapy.
NAL Call No.: QR1.I57
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9. Bovine gastric and intestinal cryptosporidiosis: present
situation.
Anderson, B. C.
Proc-Annu-Conv-Am-Assoc-Bovine-Pract. Stillwater, Okla. : The
Association. Jan 1992. (24) p. 15-18.
Meeting held on September 18-21, 1991, Orlando, Florida.
Descriptors: cattle-; cryptosporidium-
NAL Call No.: SF961.A5
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10. Bovine humoral immune response to Cryptosporidium parvum.
Mosier, D. A.; Kuhls, T. L.; Simons, K. R.; Oberst, R. D.
J-Clin-Microbiol. Washington, D.C. : American Society for
Microbiology. Dec 1992. v. 30 (12) p. 3277-3279.
Includes references.
Descriptors: calves-; cryptosporidium-; serum-; igg-;
experimental-infection; immune-response; humoral-immunity;
age-differences
Abstract: Cryptosporidiosis is a diarrheal disease predominately
affecting cattle and humans. Sera from experimentally infected
calves and calves of various ages with no histories of exposure
were evaluated for immunoglobulin G to Cryptosporidium parvum. An
age-associated increase in immunoglobulin G was present in
experimental calves and in calves with no histories of infection
from 1 to 3, but not > 3, months of age.
NAL Call No.: QR46.J6
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11. A brief review of cryptosporidiosis in newborn calves.
Vassilev, G. D.; Madzima, W. N.
Zimbabwe-Vet-J v.21, p.159-165. (1990).
Includes references.
Descriptors: calves-; cryptosporidium-
NAL Call No.: SF601.R5
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12. A case-control study of selected pathogens including
veroxytotoxigenic Escherichia coli in calf diarrhea on an Ontario
veal farm.
Wilson, J. B.; McEwen, S. A.; Clarke, R. C.; Leslie, K. E.;
Waltner Toews, D.; Gyles, C. L.
Can-J-Vet-Res-Rev-Rev-Can-Rech-Vet v.56, p.184-188. (1992).
Includes references.
Descriptors: veal-calves; diarrhea-; escherichia-coli;
feces-composition; moisture-content; cryptosporidium-; ontario-
NAL Call No.: SF601.C24
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13. Characterization and immunolocalization of a Cryptosporidium
protein containing repeated amino acid motifs.
Ranucci, L.; Muller, H. M.; La Rosa, G.; Reckmann, I.; Gomez
Morales, M. A.; Spano, F.; Pozio, E.; Crisanti, A.
Infect-immun. Washington, D.C., American Society for
Microbiology. June 1993. v. 61 (6) p. 2347-2356.
Includes references.
Descriptors: cryptosporidium-parvum; nucleotide-sequences;
amino-acid-sequences; molecular-sequence-data; genbank; z22537-
Abstract: The oocyst wall is one of the components that permits
cryptosporidia both to survive in the environment and to retain
infectivity. With the aim of identifying Cryptosporidium
proteins specifically expressed at the oocyst stage, we screened
lambda gt11 genomic libraries of Cryptosporidium parvum with
both an oocyst antiserum and a specific genetic probe. We
isolated, from distinct libraries, two overlapping clones
containing an open reading frame encoding a 1,252-amino-acid
polypeptide. The analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence
revealed unusually high contents of cysteine, proline, and
histidine. The sequence was also characterized by two distinct
amino acid motifs, each repeated several times. The DNA
sequences coding for the amino acid repeats showed a high
frequency of synonymous mutations, a result suggesting that the
repeated motifs may be functionally and/or structurally important
to the parasite. Antisera and monoclonal antibodies developed
against a recombinant polypeptide encompassing the first 786
amino acids revealed that the corresponding protein in C. parvum
had an apparent molecular weight of 190,000. Moreover, confocal
microscopy analysis with immunofluorescence indicated that the
protein was localized on the oocyst wall as a uniform stain and
within the oocyst itself as bright granules in close association
with the residual body.
NAL Call No.: QR1.I57
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14. Characterization and immunolocalization of an oocyst wall
antigen of Cryptosporidium parvum (Protozoa: Apicomplexa).
Bonnin, A.; Dubremetz, J. F.; Camerlynck, P.
Parasitology. New York, N.Y. : Cambridge University Press. Oct
1991. v. 103 (pt.2) p. 171-177.
Includes references.
Descriptors: cryptosporidium-; antigens-; oocysts-;
glycoproteins-; monoclonal-antibodies
NAL Call No.: 448.8-P21
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15. Characterization of bovine cellular and serum antibody
responses during infection by Cryptosporidium parvum.
Whitmire, W. M.; Harp, J. A.
Infect-Immun. Washington, D.C. : American Society for
Microbiology. Mar 1991. v. 59 (3) p. 990-995.
Includes references.
Descriptors: calves-; cryptosporidium-; antigens-; antibodies-;
t-lymphocytes; immune-serum; antibody-formation;
cell-mediated-immunity; humoral- immunity; experimental-infection
Abstract: Cellular and serum antibody responses of calves were
monitored for 23 days after oral inoculation of the calves with
oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum. In vitro blastogenic
responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes were assessed after
stimulation with a C. parvum preparation. Specific lymphocyte
blastogenic responses to the parasite were detected 2 days after
inoculation. Parasite-specific antibody titers were demonstrable
7 days after inoculation with oocysts and achieved peak levels 9
days after inoculation, coinciding with oocyst shedding at 5 to
10 days after inoculation. Both lymphocyte and antibody responses
remained elevated until the termination of the experiment.
Immunoblotting the C. parvum preparation with serum from an
infected calf revealed six major parasite antigens. Five of these
antigens reacted on immunoblots from 7 to 14 days after
inoculation with oocysts. A parasite antigen of approximately
11,000 molecular weight demonstrated intense reactivity on
immunoblots from 7 to 23 days after inoculation. The
11,000-molecular-weight antigen also reacted on immunoblots with
parenterally raised antioocyst and antisporozoite rabbit sera.
These results indicate that cell-mediated as well as humoral
immune responses are initiated by cryptosporidial infection in
calves and that the 11,000-molecular-weight parasite antigen is
immunodominant.
NAL Call No.: QR1.I57
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16. Chronic cryptosporidiosis in Australian elapid snakes:
control of an outbreak in a captive colony.
Carmel, B. P.; Groves, V.
Aust-vet-j. Brunswick, Vic. : Australian Veterinary Association,
1927-. Aug 1993. v. 70 (8) p. 293-295.
Includes references.
Descriptors: snakes-; cryptosporidium-; chronic-infections;
disease-control; outbreaks-; histopathology-; notechis-ater;
notechis-scutatus
NAL Call No.: 41.8-Au72
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17. Clinical and pathological findings in young Georgia broiler
chickens with oculofacial respiratory disease ("so-called swollen
heads").
Goodwin, M. A.; Waltman, W. D.
Avian-dis. Kennett Square, Pa. : American Association of Avian
Pathologists Inc. Apr/June 1994. v. 38 (2) p. 376-378.
Includes references.
Descriptors: broilers-; respiratory-diseases; head-; swelling-;
symptoms-; histopathology-; vaccination-; case-reports; georgia-
Abstract: Chickens with swollen heads generally are said to have
swollen head syndrome. In this retrospective study 16 accessions
of young chickens during 1992 had "swollen heads." Clinical
signs and lesions were accompanied by infection with multiple
viruses, bacteria, and Cryptosporidium baileyi. The fact that
almost half of the cases of chickens with swollen heads occurred
in one broiler-producing company and predictably within 14 days
post-vaccination suggests that management factors might be
instrumental in inducing the incidence of swollen heads.
NAL Call No.: 41.8-Av5
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18. Cloning and analysis of a Cryptosporidium parvum gene
encoding a protein with homology to cytoplasmic form Hsp70.
Khramtsov, N. V.; Tilley, M.; Blunt, D. S.; Montelone, B. A.;
Upton, S. J.
J-eukaryot-microbiol. Lawrence, Kan. : Society of
Protozoologists, c1993-. July/Aug 1995. v. 42 (4) p. 416-422.
Includes references.
Descriptors: cryptosporidium-parvum; structural-genes;
heat-shock-proteins; nucleotide-sequences; amino-acid-sequences;
genetic-code; molecular-sequence-data; genbank; u11761-
NAL Call No.: QL366.J67
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19. Cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding epitopes shared by
15- and 60-kilodalton proteins of Cryptosporidium parvum
sporozoites.
Jenkins, M. C.; Fayer, R.; Tilley, M.; Upton, S. J.
Infect-immun. Washington, D.C., American Society for
Microbiology. June 1993. v. 61 (6) p. 2377-2382.
Includes references.
Descriptors: cryptosporidium-parvum; antigenic-determinants
Abstract: A cDNA (CP15/60) encoding epitopes of Cryptosporidium
parvum 15- and 60-kDa sporozoite proteins was isolated and
expressed in Escherichia coli toward the goal of developing an
immunogen for producing high-titer anticryptosporidial colostrum.
Antisera prepared in rats to native C. parvum 15-kDa protein and
used to identify the CP15/60 bacteriophage clone recognized both
15- and 60-kDa in vitro translation products derived from
sporozoite RNA. Antisera specific for recombinant CP15/60 antigen
recognized native 15- and 60-kDa C. parvum sporozoite proteins
by immunoblotting and identified both surface and internal
antigens on C. parvum sporozoites by immunofluorescence
staining. Northern (RNA) and Southern blot hybridization
experiments using sporozoite RNA and DNA indicated that CP15/60
DNA is transcribed as a single 1.4-kb RNA species from a
single-copy gene. Recombinant CP15/60 antigen was recognized by
hyperimmune colostrum from cows immunized with C. parvum
oocyst-sporozoite protein and by convalescent-phase sera from C.
parvum-infected calves.
NAL Call No.: QR1.I57
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20. Coccidia of mule ducks: preliminary survey in three farms of
the south-west region of France. Les coccidies du canard mulard.
Bilan d'une premiere enquete realisee dans trois elevages du
sud-ouest de la France.
Chauve, C. M.; Gounel, J. M.; Reynaud, M. C.
Avian-Pathol-J-W-V-P-A v.20, p.713-719. (1991).
Includes references.
Descriptors: ducks-; coccidia-; eimeria-; cryptosporidium-;
tyzzeria-; new-species; new-geographic-records; incidence-;
france-
NAL Call No.: SF995.A1A9
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21. Coccidiosis and cryptosporidiosis in sheep and goats.
Foreyt, W. J.
Vet-Clin-North-Am-Food-Anim-Pract. Philadelphia, Pa. : W.B.
Saunders Company. Nov 1990. v. 6 (3) p. 655-670.
In the series analytic: Advances in sheep and goat medicine /
edited by M. C. Smith.
Descriptors: sheep-; goats-; digestive-system-diseases; eimeria-;
coccidiosis-; protozoal-infections; epidemiology-;
cryptosporidium-; diagnosis-; control-methods; disease-control;
toxoplasmosis-; life-cycle; treatment-; prevention-;
cryptosporidium-parvum
NAL Call No.: SF601.V535
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22. Coincident enteric cryptosporidiosis and lymphosarcoma in a
cat with diarrhea.
Lent, S. F.; Burkhardt, J. E.; Bolka, D.
J-Am-Anim-Hosp-Assoc. Lakewood, Colo. : The Association. Nov/Dec
1993. v. 29 (6) p. 492-496.
Includes references.
Descriptors: diarrhea-; cryptosporidium-; oocysts-; feces-;
diagnostic-techniques; lymphosarcoma-; intestines-; cats-
NAL Call No.: SF601.A5
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23. Common pathogens that cause foodborne disease: can they be
controlled on the dairy.
Cullor, J. S.
Vet-med. Lenexa, Kan. : Veterinary Medicine Publishing Co. Feb
1995. v. 90 (2) p. 185-186, 188, 190, 192-194.
Includes references.
Descriptors: foodborne-diseases; dairies-; escherichia-coli;
listeria-monocytogenes; salmonella-; campylobacter-jejuni;
cryptosporidium-; dairy-cattle; disease-control; food-safety
NAL Call No.: 41.8-M69
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24. A comparative study of lipid compositions of Cryptosporidium
parvum (Apicomplexa) and Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells.
Mitschler, R. R.; Welti, R.; Upton, S. J.
J-eukaryot-microbiol. Lawrence, Kan. : Society of
Protozoologists, c1993-. Jan/Feb 1994. v. 41 (1) p. 8-12.
Includes references.
Descriptors: goats-; cryptosporidium-parvum; cell-culture;
lipids-; fatty-acids; analysis-
NAL Call No.: QL366.J67
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25. Comparison of Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium
wrairi by reactivity with monoclonal antibodies and ability to
infect severe combined immunodeficient mice.
Chrisp, C. E.; Mason, P.; Perryman, L. E.
Infect-immun. Washington, D.C., American Society for
Microbiology. Jan 1995. v. 63 (1) p. 360-362.
Includes references.
Descriptors: mice-; guinea-pigs; immunological-deficiency;
cryptosporidium-parvum; cryptosporidium-; monoclonal-antibodies;
immunotaxonomy-; antigen-antibody-reactions;
experimental-infections; oocysts-; infectivity-; scid-mice
Abstract: Twenty-three monoclonal antibodies raised to
Cryptosporidium parvum and 12 raised to C. wrairi reacted with
equal intensity with the heterologous species. Despite
demonstration of a close immunologic relationship between these
two species, C. wrairi did not induce persistent infection in
severe combined immunodeficient mice as did C. parvum.
NAL Call No.: QR1.I57
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26. Comparison of the host ranges and antigenicity of
Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium wrairi from guinea
pigs.
Chrisp, C. E.; Suckow, M. A.; Fayer, R.; Arrowood, M. J.; Healey,
M. C.; Sterling, C. R.
J-Protozool. Lawrence, Kan. : Society of Protozoologists.
May/June 1992. v. 39 (3) p. 406-409.
Includes references.
Descriptors: cryptosporidium-; antigens-; host-range; calves-;
guinea-pigs; mice-; monoclonal-antibodies; protozoal-infections
NAL Call No.: 439.8-J82
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27. Concurrent cryptosporidiosis and chicken anaemia virus
infection in broiler chickens.
Dobos Kovacs, M.; Varga, I.; Bekesi, L.; Dren, C. N.; Nemeth, I.;
Farkas, T.
Avian-pathol v.23, p.365-368. (1994).
Includes references.
Descriptors: broilers-; mixed-infections; cryptosporidium-;
chicken-anemia-agent; outbreaks-; mortality-; growth-; symptoms-;
case-reports; hungary-; cryptosporidium-baileyi
NAL Call No.: SF995.A1A9
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28. Correlation of circulating antibody and cellular immunity
with resistance against Cryptosporidium baileyi in broiler
chickens.
Hatkin, J.; Giambrone, J. J.; Blagburn, B. L.
Avian-dis. Kennett Square, Pa. : American Association of Avian
Pathologists. July/Sept 1993. v. 37 (3) p. 800-804.
Includes references.
Descriptors: broilers-; cryptosporidium-; disease-resistance;
susceptibility-; antibody-formation; cell-mediated-immunity;
body-weight; histopathology- ; morbidity-; mortality-
Abstract: The correlation of circulating antibody and
cell-mediated immunity (CMI) with resistance to Crytosporidium
baileyi was studied using hormonal and chemical bur sectomy in
the one experiment and cyclosporin A in a second experiment. In
Expt. 1, there was no correlation between antibody (confirmed by
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and resistance to infection as
measured by body weight, gross lesions, morbidity, and
mortality. Bursectomy altered antibody production, but not CMI,
as measured by the delayed-type hypersensitivity skin reaction.
In Expt. 2, cyclosporin A reduced CMI, but not antibody
production. Chicks treated with cyclosporin A were more
susceptible to C baileyi (more severe respiratory disease) than
untreated controls. Results suggested that CMI is more important
in resistance to C baileyi than circulating antibody.
NAL Call No.: 41.8-Av5
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29. Cross-reactivity of polyclonal serum antibodies generated
against Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts.
Ortega Mora, L. M.; Troncoso, J. M.; Rojo Vazquez, F. A.; Gomez
Bautista, M.
Infect-Immun. Washington, D.C. : American Society for
Microbiology. Aug 1992. v. 60 (8) p. 3442-3445.
Includes references.
Descriptors: lambs-; cryptosporidium-; eimeria-; oocysts-;
toxoplasma-; sarcocystis-; developmental-stages; antibodies-;
antigens-; antigenic- determinants; cross-reaction; serum-;
cystozoites-
Abstract: Polyclonal antibodies raised against Cryptosporidium
parvum oocysts were found to cross-react with Eimeria spp. oocyst
antigens in an indirect immunofluorescence assay, and sera from
Eimeria spp.-infected lambs reacted with some antigens from
sonicated C. parvum oocysts (between 29 to 30 and 66 to 69 kDa)
by Western blot (immunoblot). No cross-reaction was observed with
cystozoites of Toxoplasma and Sarcocystis spp. These results
show the existence of epitopes common to C. parvum and various
Eimeria spp.
NAL Call No.: QR1.I57
*****************************************************************
30. Cryptosporidiosis: a coccidiosis of calves.
Corwin, R. M.
Compend-Contin-Educ-Pract-Vet. Trenton, N.J. : Veterinary
Learning Systems Company, Inc. July 1992. v. 14 (7) p. 1005-1007.
Includes references.
Descriptors: calves-; cryptosporidium-; coccidiosis-; symptoms-;
diagnosis-; staining-; disease-transmission; therapy-;
cryptosporidium-parvum; cryptosporidium-muris
NAL Call No.: SF601.C66
*****************************************************************
31. Cryptosporidiosis--a zoonotic problem.
Palmer, S. R.
Proc-Meet-Soc-Vet-Epidemiol-Prev-Med p.46-52. (1991).
Meeting held on April 17-19, 1991, London.
Descriptors: cryptosporidium-; zoonoses-
NAL Call No.: SF780.9.S63
*****************************************************************
32. Cryptosporidiosis in four cockatoos with psittacine beak and
feather disease.
Latimer, K. S.; Steffens, W. L. I.; Rakich, P. M.; Ritchie, B.
W.; Niagro, F. D.; Kircher, I. M.; Lukert, P. D.
J-Am-Vet-Med-Assoc. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association. Mar 1,
1992. v. 200 (5) p. 707-710.
Corrects AGRICOLA accession number IND92017411 in which the
publication year was incorrectly entered as 1991.
Descriptors: psittaciformes-; cryptosporidium-; feathers-;
histopathology-; case-reports; viral-diseases; predisposition-;
cacatua-
NAL Call No.: 41.8-Am3
*****************************************************************
33. Cryptosporidiosis in newborn red deer (Cervus elaphus).
Simpson, V. R.
Vet-Rec-J-Br-Vet-Assoc v.130, p.116-118. (1992).
Includes references.
Descriptors: red-deer; cryptosporidium-; newborn-animals;
outbreaks-; disease-transmission; predisposition-; vitamin-e;
intrauterine-infection
NAL Call No.: 41.8-V641
*****************************************************************
34. Cryptosporidiosis in suckling laboratory rats.
Moody, K. D.; Brownstein, D. G.; Johnson, E. A.
Lab-Anim-Sci. Cordova, Tenn. : American Association for
Laboratory Animal Science. Dec 1991. v. 41 (6) p. 625-627.
Includes references.
Descriptors: rats-; pups-; cryptosporidium-; symptoms-;
diagnosis-; protozoal-infections
NAL Call No.: 410.9-P94
*****************************************************************
35. Cryptosporidium.
United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Drinking Water
Health Advisory.
Washington, D.C. : The Advisory, [1993?] 19 p. : ill..
Caption title.
Descriptors: Cryptosporidium-; Cryptosporidiosis-;
Drinking-water-Contamination; Protozoan-diseases
NAL Call No.: QL368.C59C79--1993
*****************************************************************
36. Fayer, R. & United States. Dept. of Agriculture. Video, T. &.
R. C. Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis : the parasite and
the disease. Cryptosporidium and USDA. [Washington, D.C.?] : The
Center, [1995?] 1 videocassette (25 min., 14 sec.) : sd., col..
Dr. Ron Fayer presents the life cycle of Cryptosporidium. He also
discusses the geographic distribution, groups at risk from
cryptosporidiosis, the infective dose, and clinical signs of the
disease itself.
Videocassette--no.2173.
Cryptosporidium-/ Cryptosporidiosis-.
37. Cryptosporidium and giardia as agents of foodborne disease.
Smith, J. L.
J-Food-Prot v.56, p.451-461. (1993).
Literature review.
Descriptors: foodborne-diseases; giardia-; cryptosporidium-;
food-safety; literature-reviews; disease-course
Abstract: Infections by the protozoan parasites of the genera
Cryptosporidium and Giardia can be asymptomatic or cause
gastroenteritis in immunocompetent people. However, in
immunocompromised individuals, the infections can be more severe
and even life threatening. Both parasites are common waterborne
pathogens, but on occasion they may be foodborne or transmitted
by body contact. In this review, several aspects of
Cryptosporidium and Giardia are discussed including their life
cycles, resistance to physical and chemical agents, routes of
transmission to humans, the nature of the disease caused by the
parasites, and detection of the organisms in water, feces, and
food. Documented incidents in which Cryptosporidium or Giardia
contaminated foods were implicated as cause of gastroenteritis
are discussed to illustrate conditions leading to foodborne
outbreaks and to suggest means of prevention and control of the
parasites when present in foods.
NAL Call No.: 44.8-J824
*****************************************************************
38. Cryptosporidium and Giardia in beef calves.
National Animal Health Monitoring System (U.S.).
Fort Collins, Colo. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Animal and Plant
Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, [1994] 1 sheet :
ill..
Caption title.
Descriptors: Calves-Diseases-United-States;
Cryptosporidium-United-States; Giardia-United-States
NAL Call No.: aSF961.C792--1994
*****************************************************************
39. Cryptosporidium and the food supply.
Petersen, C.
Lancet. North American ed. New York, NY : The Lancet. May 6,
1995. v. 345 (8958) p. 1128-1129.
Includes references.
Descriptors: apples-; cryptosporidium-; food-contamination;
disease-vectors; disease-transmission; immune-response;
disease-course; human-feces
NAL Call No.: 448.8-L22
*****************************************************************
40. Cryptosporidium in water supplies.
Badenoch, J.; Great Britain. Group of Experts on Cryptosporidium
in Water Supplies.
London : H.M.S.O., 1990. xi, 230 p. : ill. (some col.).
Chairman: Sir John Badenoch.
Descriptors: Cryptosporidiosis-Great-Britain;
Water-supply-Quality-control-Great-Britain;
Swindon-England-Water-supply; Oxford-England-Water- supply
NAL Call No.: RC136.5.C79-1990
*****************************************************************
41. Cryptosporidium infection in cats: prevalence of infection in
domestic and feral cats in the Glasgow area.
Mtambo, M. M. A.; Nash, A. S.; Blewett, D. A.; Smith, H. V.;
Wright, S.
Vet-Rec-J-Br-Vet-Assoc v.129, p.502-504. (1991).
Includes references.
Descriptors: cats-; cryptosporidium-; protozoal-infections;
disease-prevalence; wild-animals; diarrhea-; feline-oncovirus;
feline-immunodeficiency- virus; scotland-
NAL Call No.: 41.8-V641
*****************************************************************
42. Cryptosporidium infection in farm cats in the Glasgow area.
Nash, A. S.; Mtambo, M. M. A.; Gibbs, H. A.
Vet-rec v.133, p.576-577. (1993).
Includes references.
Descriptors: cats-; cryptosporidium-; scotland-
NAL Call No.: 41.8-V641
*****************************************************************
43. Cryptosporidium is common in dairy calves : National Dairy
Heifer Evaluation Project.
National Animal Health Monitoring System.
Fort Collins, Colo. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Animal and Plant
Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, [1993] 1 sheet :
ill..
Caption title.
Descriptors: Dairy-cattle-Parasites-United-States;
Calves-Parasites-United-States; Cryptosporidium-United-States;
Cryptosporidiosis-United-States
NAL Call No.: aSF967.P3C79--1993
*****************************************************************
44. Cryptosporidium merozoite isolation and purification using
differential centrifugation techniques.
Regan, S.; Cama, V.; Sterling, C. R.
J-Protozool. Lawrence, Kan. : Society of Protozoologists. Nov/Dec
1991. v. 38 (6) p. 202S-204S.
Includes references.
Descriptors: bulls-; calves-; holstein-friesian-;
cryptosporidium-; isolation-; purification-; methodology-;
monoclonal-antibodies; proteins-; cryptosporidium-parvum
NAL Call No.: 439.8-J82
*****************************************************************
45. Cryptosporidium muris in adult mice: adoptive transfer of
immunity and protective roles of CD4 versus CD8 cells.
McDonald, V.; Robinson, H. A.; Kelly, J. P.; Bancroft, G. J.
Infect-immun. Washington, D.C., American Society for
Microbiology. June 1994. v. 62 (6) p. 2289-2294.
Includes references.
Descriptors: mice-; cryptosporidium-; disease-models;
t-lymphocytes; immunity-; disease-resistance; cd4-lymphocytes;
cd8-lymphocytes; scid-mice; balb; c-mice
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of
the CD4 and CD8 T cells in immunity to cryptosporidia by using
Cryptosporidium muris and a mouse model of infection. Two
approaches were used, each involving the use of rat anti-T-cell
surface marker monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). In the first, the
adoptive transfer of immunity was studied by using the CB.17 SCID
mouse (which lacks T and B cells) as the host; in the second,
the effect on susceptibility of BALB/c mice to infection was
examined following depletion of T cells or subsets of T cells.
In adoptive immunity experiments, the conditions which
differentiated between resistance associated with reconstitution
of SCID mice with naive BALB/c lymphocytes and the transfer of
immunity with primed lymphocytes from infected animals were
determined. Primed spleen or mesenteric lymph node cells
conferred better protection to recipeints than naive cells when
obtained from donors which had developed resistance to
infection. Adoptive immunity was abrogated when Thy.1 cells or
CD-4 cells were depleted from primed cells, whele depletion of
CD8 cells could reduce the level of protection. In the study of
C. muris in BALB/c mice, treatment with either anti-Thy.1 plus
anti-Lyt.1 or anti- CD4 MAbs increased susceptibility to a
primary infection as determined by the size and duration of
oocyst production, but an anti-CD8 MAb produced an increase only
in oocyst shedding. Thus, both CD4 and, to a lesser extent, CD8
cells appeared to be involved in resistance to primary and
secondary C. muris infection.
NAL Call No.: QR1.I57
*****************************************************************
46. Cryptosporidium muris: prevalence, persistency, and
detrimental effect on milk production in a drylot dairy.
Esteban, E.; Anderson, B. C.
J-dairy-sci. Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science
Association. May 1995. v. 78 (5) p. 1068-1072.
Includes references.
Descriptors: dairy-cows; feces-; cryptosporidium-; oocysts-;
dry-lot-feeding; zero-grazing; disease-prevalence; milk-yield;
latent-infections; california-
Abstract: A total of 1746 individual fecal samples were obtained
from milking cows during three separate visits to a drylot dairy
farm. In addition, 1240 fecal samples were also obtained from
cows in four additional farms. Cryptosporidium muris was
prevalent in all five herds sampled. Cows that were sampled more
than once invariably remained in the same shedding category. Cows
shedding C. muris oocysts produced significantly less milk
(approximately 3.2 kg/d). After corrections for the effects of
age, parity, pen, and DIM in a logistic regression model, mean
daily milk production was significantly associated with shedding
status.
NAL Call No.: 44.8-J822
*****************************************************************
47. Cryptosporidium parvum in calves: kinetics and immunoblot
analysis of specific serum and local antibody responses
(immunoglobulin A [IgA], IgG, and IgM) after natural and
experimental infections.
Peeters, J. E.; Villacorta, I.; Vanopdenbosch, E.; Vandergheynst,
D.; Naciri, M.; Ares Mazas, E.; Yvore, P.
Infect-Immun. Washington, D.C. : American Society for
Microbiology. June 1992. v. 60 (6) p. 2309-2316.
Includes references.
Descriptors: calves-; cryptosporidium-; feces-; serum-;
antigens-; antibodies-; iga-; igg-; igm-; immune-response;
experimental-infection; reinfection-; kinetics-;
natural-infection
Abstract: Fecal and serum anti-Cryptosporidium parvum
immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgM, and IgG were monitored by an
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after experimental and natural
infection of calves with C. parvum. Although all experimentally
infected calves showed high levels of colostral antibodies in
the feces, they acquired C. parvum infection. Three of five
animals died. Calves which acquired natural infection showed
only diarrhea. levels of colostral coproantibodies dropped
quickly. Experimental infection was followed by a rise in local
anti- C. parvum IgM levels from day 5 postinfection (p.i.). IgM
peaked at day 14 p.i. and then disappeared quickly. Anti-C.
parvum IgA levels rose between days 7 and 14 p.i. and decreased
slowly. Rising levels of coproantibodies coincided with failing
oocyst output. Fecal anti-C. parvum IgG levels rose slightly
during oocyst output, and IgG disappeared 3 weeks p.i. Similar
kinetics were established in naturally infected calves. Although
fecal anti-C. parvum IgA levels declined slowly, reinfections
were established 5, 7, and 14 weeks after the primary contact.
Serum anti-C. parvum IgG levels rose during maximal oocyst
excretion, whereas serum anti-C. parvum IgA levels peaked later
than did local IgA levels. Challenge reinfection of naturally
infected calves at day 112 was not followed by clinical signs or
oocyst output or by a secondary antibody response. Sequential
Western immunoblotting with fecal extracts revealed up to 32
different parasite antigens. Convalescent-phase sera recognized
up to 23 antigens. Fecal IgA reacted intensely with antigens with
relative molecular weights (Mr) of approximately 11,000 and
15,000. These antigens were not recognized by convalescent-phase
serum IgG. Both local IgA and serum IgG also showed strong
reactions with 23,000- and 44,000-Mr antigens and with several
antigens of between 66,200 and 200,000 Mr. Most bands remained
detectable for at least 16 weeks p.i.
NAL Call No.: QR1.I57
*****************************************************************
48. Cryptosporidium parvum infection of Caco-2 cell monolayers
induces an apical monolayer defect, selectively increases
transmonolayer permeability, and causes epithelial cell death.
Griffiths, J. K.; Moore, R.; Dooley, S.; Keusch, G. T.; Tzipori,
S.
Infect-immun. Washington, D.C., American Society for
Microbiology. Oct 1994. v. 62 (10) p. 4506-4514.
Includes references.
Descriptors: cryptosporidium-parvum; cell-lines; epithelium-;
in-vitro; infection-; permeability-; viability-
Abstract: Caco-2 cells were grown on permeable filters and
infected with Cryptosporidium parvum. Infection rates exceeded
50% of target cells with a sufficient inoculum dose of
parasites. Infection induced a dose- and time-dependent fall in
transmonolayer resistance, which was closely related to both the
inoculum dose and the number of parasites detected by
immunofluorescence. Caco-2a, MDBK, and MDBK subclone F5D2
evidenced similar declines in resistance when grown and infected
under similar circumstances. Caco-2 monolayers became permeable
to molecules of less than or equal to 1,000 Da but continued to
remain impermeable to exogenously added, or endogenously
produced, proteins of greater than or equal to 1.881 Da. We
found that infected monolayers released up to 50% of the total
cellular lactase dehydrogenase into apical media, but not basal
media, and that the vital dye propidium iodide avidly stained
infected cells, and often parasites, when added to the apical
reservoir. Cryptosporidium infection of Caco-2 monolayers
increases transmonolayer permeability, induces an apical cellular
and monolayer defect, and causes cell death.
NAL Call No.: QR1.I57
*****************************************************************
49. Cryptosporidium parvum: investigation of sporozoite
excystation in vivo and the association of merozoites with
intestinal mucus.
Hill, B. D.; Blewett, D. A.; Dawson, A. M.; Wright, S.
Res-Vet-Sci v.51, p.264-267. (1991).
First of a series.
Descriptors: cryptosporidium-; intestinal-mucosa; merozoites-;
sporozoites-; ileum-; collection-; mice-
Abstract: Enteric cryptosporidiosis was studied in the small
intestine of five-day-old sucking mice after infection with 10(6)
Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. It was shown that excystation
and the majority of subsequent endogenous stages occurred
predominantly in the ileum. During the first three days of
infection the number of merozoites collected in ileal washings
increased over 100-fold to approximately 10(6) merozoites per
mouse on the third day. In contrast to control mice, wash fluid
from infected mice contained numerous strands of dislodged mucus.
Estimates of mucus in the ileal washings of infected mice were
similar to those made in controls until day 4 after infection
when they increased and remained high throughout the remainder
of the experiment. This study describes a method whereby ileal
mucus washings from C parvum infected infant mice could be used
as a rich source of merozoites.
NAL Call No.: 41.8-R312
*****************************************************************
50. Cryptosporidium parvum literature review.
Garber, L.
Animal-health-insight p.3-11. (1993).
Includes references.
Descriptors: cattle-; cryptosporidium-parvum; life-cycle;
disease-prevalence; symptoms-; colostral-immunity; spread-;
disease-control; zoonoses-; geographical-distribution;
diagnostic-techniques; literature-reviews
NAL Call No.: SF623.A64
*****************************************************************
51. Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst shedding in Florida dairy
calves.
McCluskey, B. J.
Animal-health-insight p.1-5. (1992).
Includes references.
Descriptors: calves-; dairy-cattle; cryptosporidium-parvum;
oocysts-; feces-; age-differences; disease-prevalence; florida-;
point-prevalence; period-prevalence
NAL Call No.: SF623.A64
*****************************************************************
52. Cryptosporidium parvum outbreak.
United States. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.
Veterinary Services. Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health.
Fort Collins, Colo. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Animal and Plant
Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, [1993] 1 sheet :
1 ill..
Caption title. Wisconsin Veterinary Services' Area Office, April
1993"--P. [2].
Descriptors: Cryptosporidium-parvum-United-States;
Cattle-Diseases-United-States
NAL Call No.: aSF961.C79--1993
*****************************************************************
53. Cryptosporidium parvum sporozoite staining by propidium
iodide.
Cozon, G.; Cannella, D.; Biron, F.; Piens, M. A.; Jeannin, M.;
Revillard, J. P.
Int-J-Parasitol v.22, p.385-389. (1992).
Includes references.
Descriptors: cryptosporidium-; sporozoites-; staining-; stains-;
oocysts-; iodides-; dna-; feces-
Abstract: Modified Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) acid-fast stain is the
usual method for detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in feces.
Propidium iodide permitted us to stain free or intra-oocyst
sporozoites. With the ZN method only 3-5% of the oocysts purified
from three human and one experimentally infected lamb
dichromate-preserved feces were stained by carbol fuchsin. These
fuchsin-stained oocysts were free of intact sporozoites as
identified by propidium iodide staining. Treatment with 10%
formalin or 0.5% sodium hypochlorite increased the percentage of
acid-fast stained oocysts and thus the sensitivity of acid-fast
staining. Treatment with sodium hypochlorite induced intra-oocyst
sporozoite alterations as demonstrated by flow cytometric
analysis of the oocysts' DNA content. Propidium iodide staining
of fixed oocysts is a simple and rapid method to visualize
sporozoites and to assess oocyst preservation after different
treatments.
NAL Call No.: QH547.I55
*****************************************************************
54. A Cryptosporidium sp in an ostrich.
Penrith, M. L.; Burger, W. P.
J-South-Afr-Vet-Assoc v.64, p.60-61. (1993).
Includes references.
Descriptors: ostriches-; cryptosporidium-
NAL Call No.: 41.8-SO8
*****************************************************************
55. Cryptosporidium sp. infection in the proventriculus of an
Australian diamond firetail finch (Staganoplura bella:
Passeriformes, Estrildidae).
Blagburn, B. L.; Lindsay, D. S.; Hoerr, F. J.; Atlas, A. L.;
Toivio Kinnucan, M.
Avian-dis. Kennett Square, Pa. : American Association of Avian
Pathologists Inc. Oct/Dec 1990. v. 34 (4) p. 1027-1030.
Includes references.
Descriptors: passeriformes-; ornamental-birds; cryptosporidium-;
fatal-infections; proventriculus-; diarrhea-; histopathology-;
pathogenesis-; case- reports; protozoal-infections
Abstract: An Australian diamond firetail finch died following the
acute onset and development of severe diarrhea. The bird was
purchased from a wholesaler and was housed in a pet store aviary
with 12 other birds. Necropsy, histologic evaluation, and
electron microscopic evaluation revealed organisms in the
proventriculus (surface, ductal, and glandular epithelium)
compatible in site of development, size, and morphology with
Cryptosporidium spp. Lesions in the proventriculus were focal
cuboidal metaplasia of glandular epithelial cells and deposition
of amyloid in the perivascular interstitial tissues at the base
of the glands. Amyloid also was present in the duodenum, liver,
spleen, pancreas, and kidney. Inability to recover other
organisms suggested that Cryptosporidium was the primary cause of
diarrhea and death. The affected bird likely suffered
dehydration as a result of acute gastrointestinal disturbance,
concomitant with renal amyloidosis and urate nephrosis.
NAL Call No.: 41.8-Av5
*****************************************************************
56. Cryptosporidium species in imported ostriches and
consideration of possible implications for birds in Canada.
Gajadhar, A. A.
Can-vet-j v.34, p.115-116. (1993).
Includes references.
Descriptors: ostriches-; cryptosporidium-; canada-
NAL Call No.: 41.8-R3224
*****************************************************************
57. Crytosporidium and cryptosporidiosis in man and animals.
O'Donoghue, P. J.
Int-j-parasitol v.25, p.139-195. (1995).
Includes references.
Descriptors: cryptosporidium-; protozoal-infections;
animal-diseases; disease-transmission; diagnosis-; drug-therapy;
molecular-biology; literature- reviews
NAL Call No.: QH547.I55
*****************************************************************
58. Detection and species identification of Cryptosporidium
oocytes using a system based on PCR and endonuclease restriction.
Awad el Kariem, F. M.; Warhurst, D. C.; McDonald, V.
Parasitology v.109, p.19-22. (1994).
Includes references.
Descriptors: cryptosporidium-; cryptosporidium-parvum; oocysts-;
species-differences; identification-; detection-;
polymerase-chain-reaction; restriction-endonuclease-analysis;
cryptosporidium-muris; cryptosporidium-baileyi
NAL Call No.: 448.8-P21
*****************************************************************
59. Determination of lactose and xylose malabsorption in
preruminant diarrheic calves.
Nappert, G.; Hamilton, D.; Petrie, L.; Naylor, J. M.
Can-j-vet-res. [Ottawa, Ont. : Canadian Veterinary Medical
Association, 1986-. July 1993. v. 57 (3) p. 152-158.
Includes references.
Descriptors: calves-; beef-cattle; diarrhea-; physiopathology-;
lactose-; xylose-; malabsorption-; breath-; hydrogen-;
excretion-; blood-sugar; blood- plasma; calf-feeding;
coronavirus-; calf-diarrhea-rotavirus; cryptosporidium-;
acid-base-imbalance; intestinal-microorganisms
NAL Call No.: SF601.C24
*****************************************************************
60. Disaster in Milwaukee: complacency was the root cause.
Smith, V.
Epa-j. Washington, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Summer
1994. v. 20 (1/2) p. 16-18.
Descriptors: drinking-water; cryptosporidium-; water-supply;
contamination-; urban-areas; public-health; wisconsin-
NAL Call No.: TD171.U5
*****************************************************************
61. DNA probe hybridization and PCR detection of Cryptosporidium
compared to immunofluorescence assay.
Johnson, D. W.; Pieniazek, N. J.; Rose, J. B.
Water-Sci-Technol-J-Int-Assoc-Water-Pollut-Res-Control v.27,
p.77-84. (1993).
In the series analytic: Health-related water microbiology 1992 /
edited by R.W. Morris, W.O.K. Grabow and A.P. Dufour. Proceedings
of an International Symposium, Water Quality International '92,
Sixteenth Biennial Conference and Exposition, International
Association on Water Pollution Research and Control, May 24-30,
1992, Washington, D.C.
Descriptors: animal-diseases; cryptosporidium-; detection-;
dna-probes; hybridization-; polymerase-chain-reaction;
immunofluorescence-; assays-
NAL Call No.: TD420.A1P7
*****************************************************************
62. The effect of dietary energy concentration on calf
performance.
Kuehn, C. S.; Otterby, D. E.; Linn, J. G.; Olson, W. G.; Chester
Jones, H.; Marx, G. D.; Barmore, J. A.
J-dairy-sci. Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science
Association. Sept 1994. v. 77 (9) p. 2621-2629.
Includes references.
Descriptors: calves-; dietary-fat; milk-substitutes; feed-intake;
weaning-; liveweight-gain; energy-intake; diarrhea-;
cryptosporidium-; salmonella-; calf- diarrhea-rotavirus;
blood-chemistry; calf-diseases; blood-sugar; fatty-acids
Abstract: At three locations, 120 calves were fed a high fat milk
replacer at 10% of birth weight from d 5 through 13. On d 14,
calves were assigned randomly within sex and date of birth to a
2 X 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Treatments were (on a
DM basis) high fat milk replacer (21.6%) and high fat starter
(7.3%), high fat milk replacer (21.6%) and low fat starter
(3.7%), low fat milk replacer (15.6%) and high fat starter
(7.3%), and low fat milk replacer (15.6%) and low fat starter
(3.7%). Milk replacer was fed at 8% of birth weight/d from d 14
to 35 and at 4% of birth weight/d from d 36 to 42. High fat
replacer depressed DMI before and after weaning. High fat starter
depressed DMI after weaning. Before weaning, calves gained more
BW when fed low fat replacer. Calves fed low fat starter gained
more BW after weaning. On d 56, BW were highest for calves fed
low fat replacer and starter and lowest for those fed high fat
replacer and starter. Growth or health of calves was not
improved by fat addition to the diet.
NAL Call No.: 44.8-J822
*****************************************************************
63. Effect of high temperature on infectivity of Cryptosporidium
parvum oocysts in water.
Fayer, R.
Appl-environ-microbiol v.60, p.2732-2735. (1994).
Includes references.
Descriptors: cryptosporidium-parvum; oocysts-; infectivity-;
heat-; heat-treatment; experimental-infections; mice-;
sterilizing-
Abstract: Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts suspended in 0.5 ml of
distilled water were pipetted into plastic vials which were
inserted into wells in the heated metal block of a thermal DNA
cycler. Block temperatures were set at 5 degrees C incremental
temperatures from 60 to 100 degrees C. At each temperature
setting four vials containing C. parvum oocysts were placed into
wells and held for 15 s before time was recorded as zero, and
then pairs of vials were removed 1 and 5 min later. Upon
removal, all vials were immediately cooled on crushed ice. Also,
at each temperature interval one vial containing 0.5 ml of
distilled water was placed in a well and a digital thermometer
was used to record the actual water temperature at 30-s
intervals. Heated oocyst suspensions as well as unheated control
suspensions were orally inoculated by gavage into 7- to
10-day-old BALB/c mouse pups to test for infectivity. At 96 h
after inoculation the ileum, cecum, and colon from each mouse
were removed and prepared for histology. Tissue sections were
examined microscopically. Developmental-stage C. parvum was
found in all three gut segments from all mice that received
oocysts in unheated water and in water that reached temperatures
of 54.4, 59.9, and 67.5 degrees C at 1 min when vials were
removed from the heat source. C. parvum was also found in the
ileum of one of six mice that received oocysts in water that
reached a temperature of 59.7 degrees C at 5 min. These data
indicated that when water containing C. parvum oocysts reached
temperatures of 72.4 degrees C or higher within 1 min or when the
temperature was held at 64.2 degrees C or higher for 2 min of a
5-min heating cycle, infectivity was lost.
NAL Call No.: 448.3-Ap5
*****************************************************************
64. Effect of sodium hypochlorite exposure on infectivity of
Crytosporidium parvum oocysts for neonatal BALB/c mice.
Fayer, R.
Appl-environ-microbiol v.61, p.844-846. (1995).
Includes references.
Descriptors: cryptosporidium-parvum; oocysts-; disinfection-;
sodium-hypochlorite; infectivity-; experimental-infections;
mice-; newborn-animals
Abstract: Oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum suspended in 5.25,
2.63, or 1.31% aqueous sodium hypochlorite (Clorox laundry
bleach) for 10, 30, 60, or 120 min at 21 degrees C were
administered by gastric intubation to neonatal BALB/c mice.
Microscopic examination of intestinal tissue sections revealed
developmental stages of C. parvum in all of the mice.
NAL Call No.: 448.3-Ap5
*****************************************************************
65. Effect of spleen cell populations on resolution of
Cryptosporidium parvum infection in SCID mice.
Perryman, L. E.; Mason, P. H.; Chrisp, C. E.
Infect-immun. Washington, D.C., American Society for
Microbiology. Apr 1994. v. 62 (4) p. 1474-1477.
Includes references.
Descriptors: cryptosporidium-parvum; spleen-cells; t-lymphocytes;
mice-; immunological-deficiency
Abstract: Persistent infection was established in SCID mice given
10(7) Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. Nine groups of infected
SCID mice were inoculated with 10(6), 10(5), or 10(4) total
spleen cells, CD8-depleted spleen cells, or CD4-depleted spleen
cells from naive BALB/c donors. Infection was significantly
reduced in all treatment groups. The most profound effect
occurred with spleen cell preparations containing CD4 T
lymphocytes but depleted of CD8 T lymphocytes.
NAL Call No.: QR1.I57
*****************************************************************
66. The effect of varying levels of DECCOX on experimental
Cryptosporidia infections in Holstein bull calves.
Redman, D. R.; Fox, J. E.
Proc-annu-conv-Am-Assoc-Bovine-Pract,-Conv. Stillwater, Okla. :
The Association,. Jan 1994. (26th) p. 157-159.
Meeting held September 16-19, 1993, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Descriptors: calves-; decoquinate-; cryptosporidium-; dosage-
NAL Call No.: SF961.A5
*****************************************************************
67. Effects of cryptosporidiosis on feed utilization by yearling
steers.
Goss, L. A.; Thomson, J. U.; Pritchard, R. H.
S-D-Beef-Rep-Anim-Range-Sci-Dep-Agric-Exp-Stn-Coop-Ext-Serv-S-D-State-Univ. [Brookings, S.D.] : Animal and Range Sciences
Department. Sept 1991. (91-20) p. 78-80.
Descriptors: steers-; cryptosporidium-; feeds-; utilization-
NAL Call No.: SF207.S68
*****************************************************************
68. Effects of Cryptosporidium parvum infection on lymphocyte
phenotype and reactivity in calves.
Harp, J. A.; Franklin, S. T.; Goff, J. P.; Nonecke, B. J.
Vet-immunol-immunopathol v.44, p.197-207. (1995).
Includes references.
Descriptors: calves-; cryptosporidium-parvum;
protozoal-infections; lymphocytes-; lymphocyte-transformation;
t-lymphocytes; phytolacca-americana; mitogens-; antigens-;
spleen-; blood-; lymph-nodes; suppressor-cells; null-lymphocytes;
cd8+-lymphocytes; cd4+-lymphocytes; pokeweed-mitogen
NAL Call No.: SF757.2.V38
*****************************************************************
69. Effects of housing and colostrum feeding on the prevalence of
selected infectious organisms in feces of Jersey calves.
Quigley, J. D. I.; Martin, K. R.; Bemis, D. A.; Potgieter, L. N.
D.; Reinemeyer, C. R.; Rohrbach, B. W.; Dowlen, H. H.; Lamar, K.
C.
J-dairy-sci. Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science
Association. Oct 1994. v. 77 (10) p. 3124-3131.
Includes references.
Descriptors: calves-; calf-housing; pens-; colostrum-; suckling-;
birth-weight; body-weight; feces-; cryptosporidium-; eimeria-;
giardia-; mortality-; calf- diarrhea-rotavirus; coronavirus-;
blood-serum; igg-; igm-; dairy-cattle; jersey-; hutches-
Abstract: Neonatal Jersey calves (n = 96) were used to evaluate
effects of housing (individual hutches or wooden pens in a barn)
and colostrum feeding (calves were separated from the dam and
fed 2 L of colostrum in nipple-bottles or allowed to nurse the
dam for 3 d) on the prevalence of selected organisms in feces.
Prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Eimeria were reduced, and
prevalence of rotavirus tended to be reduced, when calves were
housed in hutches. Prevalence of coronavirus was unaffected by
treatment. Weekly prevalence of Giardia was increased when
calves were left to nurse the dam for 3 d. Mean prevalence of
Cryptosporidia (wk 1 to 4), Eimeria (wk 4 to 5), Giardia.
rotavirus, and coronavirus (wk 1 to 5) were 34.7, 20.6, 27.1,
15.8, and 4.9%, respectively. Escherichia coli (K99 positive)
were observed in 3 of 174 samples cultured. Methods of housing
and colostrum feeding affected acquisition of enteropathogens in
this study.
NAL Call No.: 44.8-J822
*****************************************************************
70. Epidemiology of equine Cryptosporidium and Giardia
infections.
Xiao, L.; Herd, R. P.
Equine-vet-j v.26, p.14-17. (1994).
Includes references.
Descriptors: horses-; cryptosporidium-; giardia-
NAL Call No.: SF955.E6
*****************************************************************
71. An episode of diarrhea in calves of a well-managed dairy
herd.
Wright, A. K.; Giger, R.; Arnold, T. M.; Janzen, E. D.
Can-vet-j v.36, p.36-38. (1995).
Includes references.
Descriptors: calves-; dairy-cattle; cryptosporidium-; diarrhea-;
colostral-immunity; cow-colostrum; igg-; vitamin-e; selenium-;
immunological- deficiency; saskatchewan-
NAL Call No.: 41.8-R3224
*****************************************************************
72. Evaluation of recovery of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts
using membrane filtration.
Dawson, D. J.; Maddocks, M.; Roberts, J.; Vidler, J. S.
Lett-appl-microbiol v.17, p.276-279. (1993).
Includes references.
Descriptors: cryptosporidium-parvum; oocysts-;
isolation-techniques; filtration-; filters-; membrane-filters
NAL Call No.: QR1.L47
*****************************************************************
73. Excretion of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts by a herd of beef
suckler cows.
Scott, C. A.; Smith, H. V.; Gibbs, H. A.
Vet-rec v.134, p.172. (1994).
Includes references.
Descriptors: beef-cows; cryptosporidium-parvum; epidemiology-
NAL Call No.: 41.8-V641
*****************************************************************
74. Experimental infection in mice of Cryptosporidium muris
isolated from a camel.
Anderson, B. C.
J-Protozool. Lawrence, Kan. : Society of Protozoologists. Nov/Dec
1991. v. 38 (6) p. 165-175.
Includes references.
Descriptors: camels-; cryptosporidium-; experimental-infection;
mice-; feces-; histopathology-; smears-
NAL Call No.: 439.8-J82
*****************************************************************
75. Giardia and Cryptosporidium in water supplies.
LeChevallier, M. W.; AWWA Research Foundation.
Denver, CO : The Foundation : American Water Works Association,
c1991. xvi, 99 p. : ill..
"1P-7.5C-90583-4/91-JP"--P. [4] of cover.
Descriptors: Water-Purification-Filtration-Evaluation;
Giardia-lamblia-Control-United-States;
Cryptosporidium-parvum-Control-United-States
NAL Call No.: TD441.G52-1991
*****************************************************************
76. Giardia and Cryptosporidium spp. in filtered drinking water
supplies.
LeChevallier, M. W.; Norton, W. D.; Lee, R. G.
Appl-Environ-Microbiol. Washington, D.C. : American Society for
Microbiology. Sept 1991. v. 57 (9) p. 2617-2621.
Includes references.
Descriptors: drinking-water; giardia-; cryptosporidium-;
water-systems; filtration-; surface-water-treatment-rule
Abstract: Giardia and Cryptosporidium levels were determined by
using a combined immunofluorescence test for filtered drinking
water samples collected from 66 surface water treatment plants
in 14 states and 1 Canadian province. Giardia cysts were detected
in 17% of the 83 filtered water effluents. Cryptosporidium
oocysts, were observed in 27% of the drinking water samples.
Overall, cysts or oocysts were found in 39% of the treated
effluent samples. Despite the frequent detection of parasites in
drinking water, microscopic observations of the cysts and oocysts
suggested that most of the organisms were nonviable. Compliance
with the filtration criteria outlined by the Surface Water
Treatment Rule of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency did
not ensure that treated water was free of cysts and oocysts. The
average plant effluent turbidity for sites which were parasite
position was 0.19 nephelometric turbidity units. Of sites that
were positive for Giardia or Cryptosporidium spp., 78% would
have been able to meet the turbidity regulations of the Surface
Water Temperature Rule. Evaluation of the data by using a risk
assessment model developed for Giardia spp. showed that 24% of
the utilities examined would not meet a 1/10,000 annual risk of
Giardia infection. For cold water conditions (0.5 degrees C),
46% of the plants would not achieve the 1/10,000 risk level.
NAL Call No.: 448.3-AP5
*****************************************************************
77. Hyperimmune hens as a novel source of anti-Cryptosporidium
antibodies suitable for passive immune transfer.
Cama, V. A.; Sterling, C. R.
J-Protozool. Lawrence, Kan. : Society of Protozoologists. Nov/Dec
1991. v. 38 (6) p. 425-435.
Includes references.
Descriptors: hens-; hyperimmunization-; cryptosporidium-;
antibodies-; mice-; passive-immunity; cryptosporidium-parvum
NAL Call No.: 439.8-J82
*****************************************************************
78. The immunosuppressive effects of dexamethasone administered
in drinking water to C57BL/6N mice infected with Cryptosporidium
parvum.
Yang, S. U.; Healey, M. C.
J-parasitol. Lawrence, Kan. : American Society of
Parasitologists, 1914. Aug 1993. v. 79 (4) p. 626-630.
Includes references.
Descriptors: mice-; cryptosporidium-parvum; disease-models
NAL Call No.: 448.8-J824
*****************************************************************
79. Immunotherapy of cryptosporidiosis in immunodeficient animal
models.
Perryman, L. E.; Bjorneby, J. M.
J-Protozool. Lawrence, Kan. : Society of Protozoologists. Nov/Dec
1991. v. 38 (6) p. 985-100S.
Includes references.
Descriptors: animal-models; cryptosporidium-; foals-;
immunological-deficiency; immunotherapy-; mice-;
monoclonal-antibodies; cryptosporidium-parvum
NAL Call No.: 439.8-J82
*****************************************************************
80. In vitro excystation of Cryptosporidium parvum.
Robertson, L. J.; Campbell, A. T.; Smith, H. V.
Parasitology. New York, N.Y. : Cambridge University Press. Jan
1993. v. 106 (pt.1) p. 13-19.
Includes references.
Descriptors: cryptosporidium-parvum; in-vitro;
biological-development
NAL Call No.: 448.8-P21
*****************************************************************
81. In vitro proliferation and production of gamma interferon by
murine CD4+ cells in response to Cryptosporidium parvum antigen.
Harp, J. A.; Whitmire, W. M.; Sacco, R.
J-parasitol. Lawrence, Kan. : American Society of
Parasitologists, 1914. Feb 1994. v. 80 (1) p. 67-72.
Includes references.
Descriptors: cryptosporidium-parvum; spleen-cells; cytokines-;
mice-
NAL Call No.: 448.8-J824
*****************************************************************
82. Incidence of respiratory cryptosporidiosis in Georgia
broilers: 1987-92.
Goodwin, M. A.; Brown, J.
Avian-dis. Kennett Square, Pa. : American Association of Avian
Pathologists Inc. Apr/June 1994. v. 38 (2) p. 358-360.
Includes references.
Descriptors: broilers-; cryptosporidium-; respiratory-diseases;
temporal-variation; disease-prevalence; disease-distribution;
geographical-distribution; environmental-temperature; cold-;
georgia-
Abstract: The temporal incidence of respiratory cryptosporidiosis
in Georgia broilers was established for 1987-92. Analyzed data
showed that, for some years, the incidence of respiratory
cryptosporidiosis was higher in southern Georgia than in northern
Georgia. The incidence of respiratory cryptosporidiosis was
never higher in northern Georgia than in southern Georgia.
Because there was a significant (Z[rho] = 3.02, P= 0.003)
relationship between the number of days at less than or equal to
0 C and the diagnostic frequency of respiratory cryptosporidiosis
in the present study, we concluded that as the number of days
below freezing increases, the diagnostic frequency of respiratory
cryptosporidiosis in broilers decreases.
NAL Call No.: 41.8-Av5
*****************************************************************
83. Infective dose size studies on Cryptosporidium parvum using
gnotobiotic lambs.
Blewett, D. A.; Wright, S. E.; Casemore, D. P.; Booth, N. E.;
Jones, C. E.
Water-Sci-Technol-J-Int-Assoc-Water-Pollut-Res-Control v.27,
p.61-64. (1993).
In the series analytic: Health-related water microbiology 1992 /
edited by R.W. Morris, W.O.K. Grabow and A.P. Dufour. Proceedings
of an International Symposium, Water Quality International '92,
Sixteenth Biennial Conference and Exposition, International
Association on Water Pollution Research and Control, May 24-30,
1992, Washington, D.C.
Descriptors: gnotobiotic-animals; lambs-; infection-;
dosage-effects; cryptosporidium-parvum; waterborne-diseases;
water-pollution; oocysts-; disease- transmission
NAL Call No.: TD420.A1P7
*****************************************************************
84. Intestinal cryptosporidiosis and reovirus isolation from
young pen-raised Bobwhite quail with severe diarrhea and high
mortality.
Ley, D. H.; Lowenstine, L.; Turrel, J. M.
Proc-West-Poult-Dis-Conf. Davis, Calif. : University of
California. 1985. (34th) p. 93-95.
Meeting held on March 3-6, 1985, Davis, California.
Descriptors: colinus-virginianus; cryptosporidium-; reovirus-;
diarrhea-; poultry-; farming-; north-carolina
NAL Call No.: SF995.W4
*****************************************************************
85. An intestinal xenograft model for Cryptosporidium parvum
infection.
Thulin, J. D.; Kuhlenschmidt, M. S.; Rolsma, M. D.; Current, W.
L.; Gelberg, H. B.
Infect-immun. Washington, D.C., American Society for
Microbiology. Jan 1994. v. 62 (1) p. 329-331.
Includes references.
Descriptors: cryptosporidium-parvum; xenografts-; animal-models
Abstract: Paired segments of near-term fetal rabbit small
intestine were transplanted subcutaneously into athymic nude
mice. At 5 weeks postsurgery, the xenografts were inoculated
intraluminally with Cryptosporidium parvum sporozoites.
Parasites rapidly and reliably infected the xenograft mucosal
epithelium. Lesions typical of cryptosporidiosis were readily
apparent by light microscopy and scanning and transmission
electron microscopy. Xenografts are well suited to the study of
the early events of C. parvum infection and are of potential
value in the evaluation of anticryptosporidial
chemotherapeutic agents.
NAL Call No.: QR1.I57
*****************************************************************
86. Intractable diarrhea associated with intestinal
cryptosporidiosis in a domestic cat also infected with feline
leukemia virus.
Goodwin, M. A.; Barsanti, J. A.
J-Am-Anim-Hosp-Assoc. Golden, Colo. : The Association. July/Aug
1990. v. 26 (4) p. 365-368.
Includes references.
Descriptors: cat-diseases; cats-; diarrhea-; feline-oncovirus;
cryptosporidium-; case-reports
NAL Call No.: SF601.A5
*****************************************************************
87. Isolation and identification of cryptosporidium parvum
oocysts with continuous percoll gradients and combined alcian
blue-giemsa staining.
Rosales, M. J.; Lazcano, C. M.; Arnedo, T.; Castilla, J. J.
Acta-trop v.56, p.371-373. (1994).
Includes references.
Descriptors: calves-; cryptosporidium-parvum; isolation-;
identification-; giemsa-staining
NAL Call No.: 475-Ac8
*****************************************************************
88. Kinetics of serum antibody responses in broiler chicks
against Cryptosporidium baileyi.
Hatkin, J. M.; Giambrone, J. J.; Blagburn, B. L.
Avian-pathol v.22, p.525-532. (1993).
Includes references.
Descriptors: chicks-; cryptosporidium-; immune-response;
age-differences; igm-; igg-; susceptibility-
NAL Call No.: SF995.A1A9
*****************************************************************
89. Malabsorption of vitamin A in preruminating calves infected
with Cryptosporidium parvum.
Holland, R. E.; Boyle, S. M.; Herdt, T. H.; Grimes, S. D.;
Walker, R. D.
Am-J-Vet-Res. Schaumburg, Ill. : American Veterinary Medical
Association. Oct 1992. v. 53 (10) p. 1947-1952.
Includes references.
Descriptors: calves-; cryptosporidium-; retinol-; malabsorption-;
retinyl-palmitate; blood-serum; jejunum-; ileum-; villi-;
intestinal-mucosa
Abstract: Serum retinol, retinyl palmitate, and total vitamin A
concentrations, and jejunoileal morphology were examined in
neonatal calves infected with Cryptosporidium parvum. Group-1
calves served as noninfected controls and, after an adjustment
period, were given 50 ml of saline solution IV every 12 hours
for 6 days. Group-2 calves were inoculated with 10(7) C parvum
oocysts and, after the onset of diarrhea, were given 50 ml of
saline solution IV every 12 hours for 6 days. Group-3 calves were
inoculated with 10(7) C parvum oocysts and, after the onset of
diarrhea, were treated with difluoromethylornithine (DFMO, 200
mg/kg of body weight IV, q 12 h) for 6 days. Group-4 calves were
naturally infected with C parvum. Jejunoileal biopsy specimens
were excised from calves of groups 1-3 at 3 and again at 15 to 16
days of age. During the course of diarrhea and 3 days after
saline or DFMO administration, water-miscible retinyl palmitate
was administered orally (2,750 micrograms/kg) to each calf in
each group. Cryptosporidium parvum infection was associated with
significant (P < 0.05) reduction in postadministration serum
retinol, retinyl palmitate, and total vitamin A concentrations in
calves of groups 2, 3, and 4. Cryptosporidium parvum infection
caused significant (P < 0.05) reduction in villus height.
Decreased villus height, villus blunting and fusion, and
attenuation of the intestinal mucosa were associated with
reduced absorption of vitamin A, as indicated by lower peak
postadministration retinyl palmitate concentration in C
parvum-infected calves. Intravenous administration of DFMO to
group-3 calves did not improve retinol absorption. Vitamin A
should be provided parenterally to young calves with enteric
cryptosporidiosis in an attempt to avoid depletion of concurrent
low liver vitamin A reserves.
NAL Call No.: 41.8-AM3A
*****************************************************************
90. Mathematical modelling of ammonia volatilization from slurry
stores and its effects on Cryptosporidium oocyst viability.
Ruxton, G. D.
J-agric-sci v.124, p.55-60. (1995).
Includes references.
Descriptors: slurries-; ammonia-; volatilization-;
cryptosporidium-; oocysts-; viability-; mathematical-models
NAL Call No.: 10-J822
*****************************************************************
91. Milwaukee illness: a sick municipal water system's potential
threat to lab animals.
Dreeszen, P. H.
Lab-Anim. New York, N.Y. : Nature Publishing Company. Sept 1993.
v. 22 (8) p. 36-40.
Includes references.
Descriptors: laboratory-animals; cryptosporidium-;
drinking-water; wisconsin-
NAL Call No.: QL55.A1L33
*****************************************************************
92. Monoclonal antibodies identify a subset of dense granules in
Cryptosporidium parvum zoites and gamonts.
Bonnin, A.; Gut, J.; Dubremetz, J. F.; Nelson, R. G.; Camerlynck,
P.
J-eukaryot-microbiol. Lawrence, Kan. : Society of
Protozoologists, c1993-. July/Aug 1995. v. 42 (4) p. 395-401.
Includes references.
Descriptors: cryptosporidium-parvum; oocysts-; sporozoites-;
monoclonal-antibodies; antigens-; immunofluorescence-;
antigenic-determinants; organelles-; cytoplasmic-inclusions;
vacuoles-; membranes-; parasitophorous-vacuole-membrane
NAL Call No.: QL366.J67
*****************************************************************
93. Natural infections by Crytosporidium sp. in farm-raised ducks
and geese.
Richter, D.; Wiegand Tripp, G.; Burkhardt, E.; Kaleta, E. F.
Avian-pathol v.23, p.277-286. (1994).
Includes references.
Descriptors: ducklings-; goslings-; cryptosporidium-;
protozoal-infections; disease-course; oocysts-; animal-tissues;
disease-prevalence; disease- transmission; mice-; calves-
NAL Call No.: SF995.A1A9
*****************************************************************
94. Neutralisation of Cryptosporidium parvum sporozoites by
immunoglobulin and non-immunoglobulin components in serum.
Hill, B. D.; Dawson, A. M.; Blewett, D. A.
Res-vet-sci v.54, p.356-360. (1993).
Includes references.
Descriptors: igg-; lambs-; cryptosporidium-parvum; sporozoites-;
immune-serum; infectivity-; rats-
Abstract: Sporozoites of Cryptosporidium parvum were incubated in
1:10 dilutions of immune or non-immune, heat-inactivated lamb
serum specimens or serum fractions. The infectivity of treated
sporozoites was assessed by inoculating them, per rectum, into
five-day-old rats followed by histological examination of their
intestines at either three or five days after infection. The
infectivity of sporozoites treated with heat-inactivated whole
sera was greatly reduced. This neutralisation had both specific
and nonspecific components. The former was associated with the
IgG fraction of hyperinunune serum raised against sporozoites and
the latter with a heat-stable, non-dialysable component present
in both IgG-depleted hyperimmune serum and uninfected
gnotobiotic serum.
NAL Call No.: 41.8-R312
*****************************************************************
95. Nonpoint pollution from animal sources and shellfish
sanitation.
Stelma, G. N. Jr.; McCabe, L. J.
J-Food-Prot v.55, p.649-656. (1992).
Literature review.
Descriptors: shellfish-; food-sanitation; water-pollution;
fecal-flora; epidemiology-; foodborne-diseases;
literature-reviews; zoonoses-
Abstract: Many of the microorganisms pathogenic to both animals
and man are transmitted via the fecal-oral route. Most of these
pathogens could conceivably be transmitted through a shellfish
vector. Bacteria potentially transmitted from animal to man via
shellfish include most of the salmonellae. Yersinia
enterocolitica, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Escherichia coli
0157:H7, Campylobacter jejuni, and Listeria monocytogenes. The
protozoa most likely to be transmitted this way are Giardia
lamblia and Cryptosporidium spp. Because the enteric viruses are
highly species-specific, they are not likely to be transmitted
from animals to humans. There are environmental data showing that
bacterial pathogens shed by both domestic and wild animals have
been isolated from shellfish. However, there is little
epidemiological evidence that illness outbreaks have been caused
by shellfish harvested from waters polluted by animals.
Unfortunately, epidemiological observations are of limited value
because most illnesses are probably not recorded. In addition,
more than half of the recorded outbreaks are of unknown etiology,
and more than half of the shellfish implicated in illness
outbreaks cannot be traced to their points of origin. More
lenient bacteriological standards should not be established for
waters affected only by animal pollution until health effects
studies have been performed, and an indicator that
differentiates between human and nonhuman fecal pollution is
available. Most of the pollution that originates from domestic
animals could be eliminated by simple and inexpensive measures.
NAL Call No.: 44.8-J824
*****************************************************************
96. Occurrence of cryptosporidia in pet bird species.
Munger, L. L.; Odom, A.
Proc-West-Poult-Dis-Conf. Davis, Calif. : University of
California. 1990. (39th) p. 77-79.
Meeting held March 4-6, 1990, Sacramento, California.
Descriptors: psittaciformes-; cryptosporidium-
NAL Call No.: SF995.W4
*****************************************************************
97. Parasite-associated equine diarrhea.
Love, S.
Compend-Contin-Educ-Pract-Vet. Trenton, N.J. : Veterinary
Learning Systems Company, Inc. May 1992. v. 14 (5) p. 642-646,
648-649, 663.
Literature review.
Descriptors: horses-; diarrhea-; cyathostomum-; strongylus-;
colon-; small-intestine; nematode-infections; histopathology-;
feces-; diagnosis-; giardiasis-; cryptosporidium-;
literature-reviews; fecal-flotation-test; strongyloides-westeri
NAL Call No.: SF601.C66
*****************************************************************
98. Parasite control in sheep.
Coles, G.
In-pract v.16, p.309-318. (1994).
Includes references.
Descriptors: sheep-; coccidia-; eimeria-; cryptosporidium-;
toxoplasma-gondii; benzimidazoles-; fasciola-hepatica;
anthelmintics-; ovicides-and- larvicides;
teladorsagia-circumcincta; nematodirus-battus; melophagus-ovinus;
haemonchus-contortus; drug-therapy; lucilia-sericata; lucilia-
caesar; oestrus-ovis; psoroptes-ovis; hydrotaea-irritans;
ectoparasiticides-
NAL Call No.: SF601.I4
*****************************************************************
99. Parasites of domesticated pet ferrets.
Bell, J. A.
Compend-contin-educ-pract-vet. Trenton, N.J. : Veterinary
Learning Systems Company. May 1994. v. 16 (5) p. 617-622.
Includes references.
Descriptors: ferrets-; domestic-animals; parasitoses-;
ectoparasites-; furbearing-animals; otodectes-cynotis;
dirofilaria-immitis; isospora-; oocytes-; cryptosporidium-parvum;
drug-therapy; anthelmintics-; literature-reviews
NAL Call No.: SF601.C66
*****************************************************************
100. Paromomycin is effective as prophylaxis for
cryptosporidiosis in dairy calves.
Fayer, R.; Ellis, W.
J-parasitol. Lawrence, Kan. : American Society of
Parasitologists, 1914. Oct 1993. v. 79 (5) p. 771-774.
Includes references.
Descriptors: calves-; paromomycin-; cryptosporidium-parvum
NAL Call No.: 448.8-J824
*****************************************************************
101. Pathobiology of cryptosporidiosis (C. baileyi) in broiler
chickens.
Blagburn, B. L.; Lindsay, D. S.; Hoerr, F. J.; Davis, J. F.;
Giambrone, J. J.
J-Protozool. Lawrence, Kan. : Society of Protozoologists. Nov/Dec
1991. v. 38 (6) p. 255-285.
Includes references.
Descriptors: broilers-; cryptosporidium-; escherichia-coli;
infectious-bronchitis-virus; infectious-bursal-disease-virus;
respiratory-diseases; synergism-; pathology-
NAL Call No.: 439.8-J82
*****************************************************************
102. PCR cloning and nucleotide sequence determination of the 18S
rRNA genes and internal transcribed spacer 1 of the protozoan
parasites Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium muris.
Cai, J.; Collins, M. D.; McDonald, V.; Thompson, D. E.
Biochim-Biophys-Acta-Int-J-Biochem-Biophys v.1131, p.317-320.
(1992).
Includes references.
Descriptors: cryptosporidium-; ribosomal-rna; genes-; cloning-;
nucleotide-sequences; molecular-sequence-data; embl; x64340-;
genbank; x64340-; embl; x64343-; genbank; x64343-
Abstract: The genes encoding 18S rRNA and internal transcribed
spacer 1 (ITS1) of Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium
muris were amplified from oocysts by PCR utilizing primers
complementary to conserved regions of the 5' end of 18S and 5.8S
rRNA. PCR products were cloned and the complete nucleotide
sequences of two clones of each Cryptosporidium species were
determined. The 18S RRNA genes of C. parvum and C. muris showed
more than 99% sequence identity.
NAL Call No.: 381-B522
*****************************************************************
103. Periparturient rise in the excretion of Giardia sp. cysts
and Cryptosporidium parvum oocytes as a source of infection for
lambs.
Xiao, L.; Herd, R. P.; McClure, K. E.
J-parasitol. Lawrence, Kan. : American Society of
Parasitologists, 1914. Feb 1994. v. 80 (1) p. 55-59.
Includes references.
Descriptors: lambs-; ewes-; giardia-; cryptosporidium-parvum
NAL Call No.: 448.8-J824
*****************************************************************
104. Phylogenetic relationships of Sarcocyctis species from
sheep, goats, cattle and mice based on ribosomal RNA sequences.
Tenter, A. M.; Baverstock, P. R.; Johnson, A. M.
Int-J-Parasitol v.22, p.503-513. (1992).
Includes references.
Descriptors: sarcocystis-; sarcocystis-capracanis;
sarcocystis-cruzi; sarcocystis-tenella; ribosomal-rna;
nucleotide-sequences; phylogeny-; comparisons- ; eimeria-;
toxoplasma-gondii; cryptosporidium-; chemotaxonomy-;
sarcocystis-arieticanis; molecular-sequence-data
Abstract: Partial sequences of the small subunit ribosomal RNA of
four species of Sarcocystis were obtained by reverse
transcription of total cellular RNA. The semi-conserved regions
of these four species were aligned with homologous sequences of
two other Sarcocystis species and a range of other eukaryotes
including Toxoplasma, Eimeria and Cryptosporidium. Parsimony
analysis of the aligned sequences showed that Sarcocystis and
Toxoplasma had a more recent common ancestor with Eimeria than
with Crptosporidium. The six Sarcocystis spp. did not cluster
together in this analysis; two monophyletic groups were observed,
one formed by the two Sarcocystis spp. with felids as definitive
hosts, and another by the four Sarcocystis spp. with canids as
definitive hosts. These two clades were segregated by Toxoplasma.
An analysis of nucleotide divergence suggests that the
difference between the two groups of Sarcocystis spp. is similar
to that between invertebrates and vertebrates. The results
obtained here question the validity of a separation of the genus
Sarcocystis from Toxoplasma and refute classifications that
place these two genera into two different subfamilies of the
Sarcocystidae.
NAL Call No.: QH547.I55
*****************************************************************
105. Potential risk factors for Cryptosporidium infection in
dairy calves.
Garber, L. P.; Salman, M. D.; Hurd, H. S.; Keefe, T.; Schlater,
J. L.
J-Am-Vet-Med-Assoc. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association. July 1,
1994. v. 205 (1) p. 86-91.
Includes references.
Descriptors: calves-; dairy-cattle; cryptosporidium-; risk-;
protozoal-infections; feces-; oocysts-; disease-prevalence;
seasonal-variation; age- differences; usa-
NAL Call No.: 41.8-Am3
*****************************************************************
106. The presence of Giardia and other zoonotic parasites of
urban dogs in Hobart, Tasmania.
Milstein, T. C.; Goldsmid, J. M.
Aust-vet-j. Brunswick, Vic. : Australian Veterinary Association,
1927-. Apr 1995. v. 72 (4) p. 154-155.
Includes references.
Descriptors: dogs-; giardia-; giardiasis-; zoonoses-;
urban-areas; cryptosporidium-; toxocara-; hookworms-;
trichuris-vulpis; strongyloides-; beaches-; parks-; incidence-;
tasmania-
NAL Call No.: 41.8-Au72
*****************************************************************
107. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium muris-like oocysts among
cattle populations of the United States: preliminary report.
Anderson, B. C.
J-Protozool. Lawrence, Kan. : Society of Protozoologists. Nov/Dec
1991. v. 38 (6) p. 145-155.
Includes references.
Descriptors: beef-cattle; dairy-cattle; cryptosporidium-;
disease-prevalence; disease-surveys; feces-; samples-;
protozoal-infections; usa-
NAL Call No.: 439.8-J82
*****************************************************************
108. Progress being made toward controlling avian
cryptosporidiosis.
Hatkin, J. M.; Giambrone, J. J.; Blagburn, B. L.
Highlights-Agric-Res-Ala-Agric-Exp-Stn. Auburn University, Ala. :
The Station. Winter 1991. v. 38 (4) p. 16.
Descriptors: broilers-; cryptosporidium-; alabama-;
cryptosporidium-baileyi
NAL Call No.: 100-AL1H
*****************************************************************
109. Prolapse of the phallus and cloaca in the ostrich (Struthio
camelus).
Bezuidenhout, A. J.; Penrith, M. L.; Burger, W. P.
J-S-Afr-Vet-Assoc v.64, p.156-158. (1993).
Includes references.
Descriptors: ostriches-; cloaca-; prolapse-; cryptosporidium-;
disease-prevalence; mortality-; drug-therapy
NAL Call No.: 41.8-So8
*****************************************************************
110. Protection of calves with a vaccine against Cryptosporidium
parvum.
Harp, J. A.; Goff, J. P.
J-parasitol. Lawrence, Kan. : American Society of
Parasitologists, 1914. Feb 1995. v. 81 (1) p. 54-57.
Includes references.
Descriptors: calves-; cryptosporidium-parvum;
protozoal-infections; oral-vaccination; inactivated-vaccines;
oocytes-; freeze-drying; experimental- infections; diarrhea-;
vaccine-development; cryptosporidiosis-; lyophilized-oocysts
NAL Call No.: 448.8-J824
*****************************************************************
111. Quantitation of Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts in
fecal samples by direct immunofluorescence assay.
Xiao, L.; Herd, R. P.
J-clin-microbiol v.31, p.2944-2946. (1993).
Includes references.
Descriptors: cryptosporidium-; giardia-; feces-;
immunofluorescence-
Abstract: The lack of quick, simple, and sensitive quantitative
tests has impeded studies on infection patterns and treatment
of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. A quantitative direct
immunofluorescence assay (FA) using a commercial FA kit was
developed and evaluated. Recovery rates of the FA for
Cryptosporidium oocysts in calf feces seeded with 1,000, 10,000,
100,000, and 1,000,000 oocysts per g were 14.8, 40.8, 84.2,
and 78.2%, respectively. Interassay coefficients of variation
were 10.6 to 47.1%. Recovery rates of the FA for Giardia cysts
in feces seeded with 1,000, 10,000, and 100,000 cysts per g
were 76.4, 96.9, and 89.6%, respectively. Interassay
coefficients of variation were 7.4 to 22.1%. By comparison,
recovery rates of Giardia cyst by sucrose gradient flotation
were only 20.5, 51.2, and 42.9%, respectively. Counts of
cysts-per-gram obtained by sucrose gradient flotation with
samples from calves, lambs, and ewes were only 49.1 to 54.8% of
those obtained by the FA. Zinc sulfate flotation detected only
36.4% of infections when there were less than or equal to 1,000
cysts per g. The quantitative FA offers a useful technique for
epidemiological and control studies of these two parasites.
NAL Call No.: QR46.J6
*****************************************************************
112. Resistance of severe combined immunodeficient mice to
infection with Cryptosporidium parvum: the importance of
intestinal microflora.
Harp, J. A.; Chen, W.; Harmsen, A. G.
Infect-Immun. Washington, D.C. : American Society for
Microbiology. Sept 1992. v. 60 (9) p. 3509-3512.
Includes references.
Descriptors: cryptosporidium-; infection-; infectivity-;
intestinal-microorganisms; disease-resistance; immune-response;
histopathology-; immunological-deficiency; mice-
Abstract: Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan parasite which
colonizes intestinal epithelium, causing transient diarrheal
illness in immunocompetent hosts and severe chronic disease in
immunocompromised hosts. We examined the resistance of severe
combined immunodeficient mice, either bearing intestinal flora
or germfree, to intestinal infection with C. parvum. Infection
was not readily detected in flora-bearing adult severe combined
immunodeficient mice until 5 to 7 weeks following oral challenge
with C. parvum. In contrast, germfree adult severe combined
immunodeficient mice were heavily infected 3 weeks following
challenge. These data support the hypothesis that resistance of
adult mice to C. parvum infection does not require a specific
immune response but can be mediated by nonspecific mechanisms
associated with the presence of intestinal flora.
NAL Call No.: QR1.I57
*****************************************************************
113. Respiratory cryptosporidiosis in a bovine.
Mascaro, C.; Arnedo, T.; Rosales, M. J.
J-parasitol. Lawrence, Kan. : American Society of
Parasitologists, 1914. Apr 1994. v. 80 (2) p. 334-336.
Includes references.
Descriptors: calves-; cryptosporidium-; lungs-; intestines-;
case-reports
NAL Call No.: 448.8-J824
*****************************************************************
114. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of
Cryptosporidium parvum isolates of bovine and human origin.
Ortega, Y. R.; Sheehy, R. R.; Cama, V. A.; Oishi, K. K.;
Sterling, C. R.
J-Protozool. Lawrence, Kan. : Society of Protozoologists. Nov/Dec
1991. v. 38 (6) p. 405-415.
Includes references.
Descriptors: cattle-diseases; cryptosporidium-; human-diseases;
oocytes-; restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism
NAL Call No.: 439.8-J82
*****************************************************************
115. Review of equine Cryptosporidium infection.
Xiao, L.; Herd, R. P.
Equine-vet-j v.26, p.9-13. (1994).
Includes references.
Descriptors: horses-; cryptosporidium-
NAL Call No.: SF955.E6
*****************************************************************
116. The role of breast milk in protecting urban Peruvian
children against cryptosporidiosis.
Sterling, C. R.; Gilman, R. H.; Sinclair, N. A.; Cama, V.;
Castillo, R.; Diaz, F.
J-Protozool. Lawrence, Kan. : Society of Protozoologists. Nov/Dec
1991. v. 38 (6) p. 235-255.
Includes references.
Descriptors: child-nutrition; cryptosporidium-; epidemiology-;
human-milk; immunology-; urban-areas; peru-
NAL Call No.: 439.8-J82
*****************************************************************
117. The role of cell mediated immunity in mediating resistance
in chicks to cryptosporidium baileyi infection.
Hatkin, J.
Proc-West-Poult-Dis-Conf. Davis, Calif. : University of
California. 1992. (41st) p. 30.
Meeting held on March 1-3, 1992, Sacramento, California.
Descriptors: chicks-; cell-mediated-immunity; cryptosporidium-
NAL Call No.: SF995.W4
*****************************************************************
118. Skeletal lesions associated with a naturally occurring poult
enteritis.
Perry, R. W.; Rowland, G. N.; Glisson, J. R.; Steffens, W. L.;
Quinn, J. A.
Avian-Dis. Kennett Square, Pa. : American Association of Avian
Pathologists. Jan/Mar 1991. v. 35 (1) p. 158-164.
Includes references.
Descriptors: poults-; enteritis-; etiology-; lesions-; tibia-;
tarsus-; calcium-; phosphorus-; mineral-metabolism; parathyroid-;
rotavirus-; cryptosporidium-; growth-plate; metaphysis-
Abstract: One-day-old poults were placed on contaminated litter
on which poults previously had developed an enteric disease
characterized by diarrhea, increased mortality, and stunting.
These exposed birds were examined for clinical signs and
pathologic changes in bone and parathyroid glands compared with
controls. Intestinal and fecal samples were examined for
potential pathogens. Exposed poults varied in size as early as
day 8 and had significantly decreased weight gains and reduced
shank lengths on days 8, 12, 16, and 21. The proximal tibial
growth plate was narrowed. The mineralized hypertrophy zone was
decreased in length and contained multiple non-mineralized bands
on days 8, 12, 16, and 21. Metaphyseal trabeculae were reduced
in amount on days 16 and 21. Parathyroid glands were hyperplastic
on days 16 and 21. The bone and parathyroid gland lesions
indicated that mineral homeostasis was being maintained at the
expense of the skeleton during the enteric disease. A specific
etiology, for the enteric disease was not determined.
Cryptosporidium, rotavirus, paramyxovirus, and Salmonella were
identified in the exposed poults, and paramyxovirus and
Salmonella were identified in the controls.
NAL Call No.: 41.8-AV5
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119. Small-intestinal cryptosporidiosis in a young pigeon.
Ozkul, I. A.; Aydin, Y.
Avian-pathol v.23, p.369-372. (1994).
Includes references.
Descriptors: pigeons-; cryptosporidium-; symptoms-;
small-intestine; case-reports; turkey-
NAL Call No.: SF995.A1A9
*****************************************************************
120. Specific serum and local antibody responses against
Cryptosporidium parvum during medication of calves with
halofuginone lactate.
Peeters, J. E.; Villacorta, I.; Naciri, M.; Vanopdenbosch, E.
Infect-immun. Washington, D.C., American Society for
Microbiology. Oct 1993. v. 61 (10) p. 4440-4445.
Includes references.
Descriptors: calves-; cryptosporidium-parvum; halofuginone-
Abstract: Fecal and serum anti-Cryptosporidium parvum
immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgM, and IgG were monitored by an enzyme
immunoassay in C. parvum-infected calves after medication with
halofuginone lactate. In a first experiment, four groups of five
1-day-old colostrum-fed calves were inoculated with 10(6)
oocysts of C. parvum. They were medicated with 0, 30, 60, or 120
microgram of halofuginone lactate per kg from days 2 to 8
postinfection (p.i.). Unmedicated calves passed large numbers of
oocysts between 3 and 14 days p.i. Treatment with 30
microgram/kg did not completely inhibit oocyst output during
medication, whereas 60 and 120 microgram/kg did. The latter
groups passed only a reduced number of oocysts when the drag was
withdrawn. In a second experiment, 3- to 6-day-old colostrum-fed
calves were divided into three groups of 16 or 17 animals each.
AH animals had acquired C. parvum infection before arrival at the
fattening unit. They were medicated with 0, 60, or 120
microgram/kg for 7 days beginning on the day of arrival.
Unmedicated calves passed large numbers of oocysts from 0 to 21
days. Medication stopped oocyst output at day 7, but some of the
calves again passed low numbers of oocysts 7 days after
withdrawal of the drug. Experimental infection of unmedicated
calves was followed by a rise in local anti-C. parvum IgA and IgM
titers. Rising coproantibody levels coincided with falling
oocyst output. In halofuginone-medicated and experimentally
infected calves, only specific anti-C. parvum IgM levels rose
during the first 5 days p.i. Specific IgA levels increased in
association with oocyst output after withdrawal of the drug in
the 60- and 120-microgram/kg groups. In naturally infected
calves, on the other hand, both specific IgA and IgM levels rose
further during medication. Although titers. protected from a
challenge with 10(7) oocysts 16 weeks after the first contact
with the parasite.
NAL Call No.: QR1.I57
*****************************************************************
121. Susceptibility of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
class I- and MHC class II-deficient mice to Cryptosporidium
parvum infection.
Aguirre, S. A.; Mason, P. H.; Perryman, L. E.
Infect-immun. Washington, D.C., American Society for
Microbiology. Feb 1994. v. 62 (2) p. 697-699.
Includes references.
Descriptors: cryptosporidium-parvum;
major-histocompatibility-complex
Abstract: Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class
I-deficient and MHC class II-deficient mice lack functional CD8 T
cells and CD4 T cells, respectively. These mice were evaluated
for infection following oral administration of 10(7)
Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. MHC class II- deficient (but not
MHC class I-deficient) mice dosed with C. parvum oocysts at 3 to
5 days of age remained infected 8 weeks postexposure. MHC class
II-deficient mice exposed to C. parvum oocysts at 5 to 6 weeks of
age were significantly more susceptible to infection than control
mice (P < 0.0001).
NAL Call No.: QR1.I57
*****************************************************************
122. Three tandemly repeated 5S ribosomal RNA-encoding genes
identified, cloned and characterized from Cryptosporidium parvum.
Taghi Kilani, R.; Remacha Moreno, M.; Wenman, W. M.
Gene v.142, p.253-258. (1994).
Includes references.
Descriptors: cryptosporidium-parvum; ribosomal-dna;
structural-genes; ribosomal-rna; nucleotide-sequences;
repetitive-dna; molecular-conformation; molecular-sequence-data;
genbank; l20049-; secondary-structure
Abstract: We have characterized the 5S rRNA of Cryptosporidium
parvum. The gene (rDNA) encoding this 5S rRNA was identified,
mapped, the primary and secondary structures determined, and the
copy number estimated. Using a PCR-amplified 5S rDNA as a probe,
it was shown that this gene can specifically recognize C. parvum
genomic DNA, but not other intestinal and environmental organisms
tested. Three repeat units of the 5S rDNA found in genomic C.
parvum oocyst DNA are within the 2012-bp EcoRI-HindIII fragment
and are identical in coding sequence, but differ in flanking
regions. Flanking regions are A + T rich (78-89%). The
termination signal for polymerase III consists of five thymidine
residues at the 3' end of each of three units.
NAL Call No.: QH442.A1G4
*****************************************************************
123. Tracheal aspergillosis in 6 1/2-week-old chickens caused by
Aspergillus flavus.
Barton, J. T.; Daft, B. M.; Read, D. H.; Kinde, H.; Bickford, A.
A.
Avian-dis. Kennett Square, Pa. : American Association of Avian
Pathologists. Oct/Dec 1992. v. 36 (4) p. 1081-1085.
Includes references.
Descriptors: chickens-; aspergillus-flavus; trachea-;
aspergillosis-; symptoms-; histopathology-; mortality-;
case-reports
Abstract: A case of localized tracheal aspergillosis in 6 and
1/2-week-old single-comb white leghorn pullets caused by
Aspergillus flavus is documented. Yellow caseous plaques
adherent to the mucosal surface of the tracheas were observed
grossly. In several tracheas, the plaques occluded the lumina,
and the surrounding tracheal walls were reddened. Histologically,
the mucosa was necrotic and infiltrated with macrophages, and
fibroplasia was evident in the subadjacent tracheal wall. The
lumen of the trachea was almost completely occluded by a
combination of fungal mycelia and pyogranulomatous exudate.
Portions of tracheal cartilage were elevated into the lumen of
the trachea. Other than a sudden increase in mortality to 0.5%
per day, there was no evidence of disease in the flock. Depletion
of bursal lymphocytes, with concomitant cryptosporidiosis, was
evident on histological examination. Acute infectious bursal
disease was diagnosed in the succeeding flock at this ranch
based upon serology and typical histology.
NAL Call No.: 41.8-Av5
*****************************************************************
124. Ultrastructural changes of chick bursal epithelial cells
experimentally infected with Cryptosporidium sp.
Tadeja Simborio, L.; Itakura, C.
Avian-Pathol-J-W-V-P-A v.22, p.113-129. (1993).
Includes references.
Descriptors: chickens-; cryptosporidium-; bursa-fabricii;
epithelium-; histopathology-; cell-ultrastructure
NAL Call No.: SF995.A1A9
*****************************************************************
125. Ultrastructural changes of tracheal epithelial cells of
chicks experimentally infected with Cryptosporidium sp.
Tadeja Simborio, L.; Ochiai, K.; Itakura, C.
Avian-Pathol-J-W-V-P-A v.22, p.363-381. (1993).
Includes references.
Descriptors: chicks-; cryptosporidium-; cell-ultrastructure;
histopathology-; experimental-infections; trachea-; epithelium-;
host-parasite-relationships
NAL Call No.: SF995.A1A9
*****************************************************************
126. Use of paromomycin for treatment of cryptosporidiosis in a
cat.
Barr, S. C.; Jamrosz, G. F.; Hornbuckle, W. E.; Bowman, D. D.;
Fayer, R.
J-Am-Vet-Med-Assoc. Schaumburg, Ill. : The Association. Dec 15,
1994. v. 205 (12) p. 1742-1743.
Includes references.
Descriptors: cats-; paromomycin-; drug-therapy; cryptosporidium-;
drug-effects; case-reports
NAL Call No.: 41.8-Am3
*****************************************************************
127. Whole milk and oral rehydration solution for calves with
diararhea of spontaenous origin.
Garthwaite, B. D.; Drackley, J. K.; McCoy, G. C.; Jaster, E. H.
J-dairy-sci. Champaign, Ill. : American Dairy Science
Association. Mar 1994. v. 77 (3) p. 835-843.
Includes references.
Descriptors: calves-; diarrhea-; oral-rehydration-therapy;
oral-rehydration-solutions; milk-
Abstract: Forty-two calves (mean 10 d of age) that spontaneously
contracted diarrhea were used to test the therapeutic value of an
oral rehydration solution with or without whole milk. Therapy
began on the first feeding after a fecal score was > 2
(five-point scale). Amounts (percentages of BW daily) of milk
and oral rehydration solution on d 1 and 2, 3 and 4, 5 and 6, and
7 for treatments 1, 2, and 3 were 1) 0 and 10, 5 and 5, 7.5 and
2.5, 10 and 0% (in two feedings); 2) 2.5 and 10, 5 and 7.5, 7.5
and 5, 10 and 0% in two feedings); 3) 10 and 10, 10 and 5, 10 and
2.5, 10 and 0% (in three feedings). Oral rehydration solution
was fed 15 min after milk. Fecal score, rectal temperature,
packed cell volume of whole blood, concentrations of glucose and
electrolytes in serum, and strong ion difference of serum were
unaffected by treatments. Calves given treatment 3 gained BW
throughout the experiment, whereas those given treatments 1 or 2
lost BW during the first 3 d of therapy. Fecal cultures
indicated that 70% of calves were infected with Cryptosporidium
on d 1 of therapy. No mortality occurred. Whole milk and oral
rehydration solution fed to calves did not adversely affect
calves or prolong or worsen diarrhea but promoted gain of BW.
NAL Call No.: 44.8-J822
*****************************************************************
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