Stock number: BGS 1
Locus name: Brachytic 1
Locus symbol: brh1

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Brachytic = br (6, 7).
Breviaristatum-i = ari-i (3, 5).
Dwarf x = dx1 (4).

Monofactorial recessive (6, 7).
Located in chromosome 7HS [1S] (1), about 9.3 cM distal from the fch12 (chlorina seedling 12) locus (7).

Plants have short leaves, culms, spikes, awns, and seeds. The seedling leaf is about 2/3 normal length, and a similar reduction in the size of other organs is observed, but the awns are less than 1/3 normal length (4). Seeds are small and yields are low. The mutant phenotype is easy to classify at all stages of growth. Powers (6) states that the assigned gene symbol for this mutant is br and that it was selected by L.J. Stadler.

A spontaneous mutant in Himalaya (CIho 1312) (6, 7).

brh1.a in Himalaya (7); brh1.c (GSHO 229) in Moravian (PI 539135) (8); ari-i.38 (GSHO 1657) in Bonus (PI 189763) (5, 9); brh1.e (GSHO 1690) in Aramir (PI 467786) (8); brh1.f (dx1, GSHO 1422) in Domen (CIho 9562) (4); brh1.t (OUM136, GSHO 1691) in Akashinriki (PI 467400, OUJ659), brh1.x (GSHO 1692) in Volla (PI 280423), brh1.ae (FN53) in Steptoe (CIho 15229) (2).

brh1.a in Himalaya (GSHO 25); brh1.a in Bowman (PI 483237)*7 (GSHO 1820); ari-i.38 in Bowman*6 (GSHO 1821); brh1.e in Bowman*7 (GSHO 1822); brh1.t in Bowman*7 (GSHO 1823); brh1.x in Bowman*7 (GSHO 1824).

1. Fedak, G., T. Tsuchiya, and S.B. Helgason. 1972. Use of monotelotrisomics for linkage mapping in barley. Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 14:949-957.
2. Franckowiak, J.D. 1995. The brachytic class of semidwarf mutants in barley. BGN 24:56-59.
3. Gustafsson, Å., A. Hagberg, U. Lundqvist, and G. Persson. 1969. A proposed system of symbols for the collection of barley mutants at Svalöv. Hereditas 62:409-414.
4. Holm, E., and K. Aastveit. 1966. Induction and effects of the brachytic allele in barley. Adv. Front Plant Sci. 17:81-94.
5. Kucera, J., U. Lundqvist, and Å. Gustafsson. 1975. Inheritance of breviaristatum mutants in barley. Hereditas 80:263-278.
6. Powers, L. 1936. The nature of the interactions of genes affecting four quantitative characters in a cross between Hordeum deficiens and vulgare. Genetics 21:398-420.
7. Swenson, S.P. 1940. Genetic and cytological studies on a brachytic mutant in barley. J. Agric. Res. 60:687-713.
8. Szarejko, I., and M. Maluszynski. 1984. New brachytic mutant of spring barley variety Aramir. BGN 14:33-35.
9. Tsuchiya, T. 1974. Allelic relationships of genes for short-awned mutants in barley. BGN 4:80-81.

T. Tsuchiya and T.E. Haus. 1971. BGN 1:104.

T. Tsuchiya. 1980. BGN 10:100.
J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:44.

Stock number: BGS 2
Locus name: Chlorina seedling 12
Locus symbol: fch12

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Chlorina seedling-c = f_c (3).
Chlorina seedling-fc = clo-fc (6).

Monofactorial recessive (3).
Located in chromosome 7HS [1S] (1, 4), about 3.6 cM distal from the gsh3 (glossy sheath 3) locus (5), and about 9.3 cM proximal from the brh1 (brachytic 1) locus (7).

Seedling leaves are yellow with green tips and new leaves show a yellow base and a green tip. As the plant develops, leaf color changes to pale green (3). Plants are vigorous, but anthesis is delayed and seed yield is low.

A spontaneous mutant in Colsess (CIho 2792) (3).

fch12.b (f_c) in Colsess (Colsess V) (3); fch12.l (Trebi chlorina 453, GSHO 155), fch12.m (Trebi V, GSHO 158), fch12.n (Trebi IX, GSHO 18), fch12.o (Trebi XI, GSHO 163) in Trebi (PI 537442) (2); clo-fc.110 in Bonus (PI 189763) (6); fch12.b may be present in the brachytic chlorina stocks (GSHO 124 and GSHO 174) (8).

fch12.b in Colsess (GSHO 36); fch12.b in Bowman (PI 483237)*7 (GSHO 1826).

1. Fedak, G., T. Tsuchiya, and S.B. Helgason. 1972. Use of monotelotrisomics for linkage mapping in barley. Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 14:949-957.
2. McMullen, M. 1972. Allelism testing of seven chlorina mutants in Trebi barley. BGN 2:76-79.
3. Robertson, D.W., and G.W. Deming. 1930. Genetic studies in barley. J. Hered. 21:283-288.
4. Robertson, D.W., G.W. Deming, and D. Koonce. 1932. Inheritance in barley. J. Agric. Res. 44:445-466.
5. Shahla, A., and T. Tsuchiya. 1987. Cytogenetic studies in barley chromosome 1 by means of telotrisomic, acrotrisomic and conventional analysis. Theor. Appl. Genet. 75:5-12.
6. Simpson, D.J., O. Machold, G. Høyer-Hansen, and D. von Wettstein. 1985. Chlorina mutants of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Carlsberg Res. Commun. 50:223-238.
7. Swenson, S.P. 1940. Genetic and cytological studies on a brachytic mutation in barley. J. Hered. 31:213-214.
8. Wang, S., and T. Tsuchiya. 1991. Genetic analysis of the relationship between new chlorina mutants in genetic stocks and established f series stocks in barley. BGN 20:63-65.

T. Tsuchiya and T. E. Haus. 1971. BGN 1:105.

T. Tsuchiya. 1980. BGN 10:101.
J.D. Franckowiak and A. Hang. 1997. BGN 26:45.

Stock number: BGS 3
Locus name: Virescent seedling 2
Locus symbol: yvs2

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Virescent seedling-c = y_c (2).

Monofactorial recessive (1).
Located in chromosome 7HS [1S] (2), about 24.4 cM proximal from the gsh3 (glossy sheath 3) locus, and 17.0 cM distal from the cer-f (eceriferum-f) locus (3).

The seedling leaf is white with a very marked green tip, which remains green. The green area on the second leaf is very small or lacking. Homozygous recessive seedlings seldom survive beyond the two leaf stage (1). The yvs2.c gene is generally maintained as a heterozygous stock.

A spontaneous mutant in Coast (PI 539103) (1).

yvs2.c in Coast (Coast III) (1).

yvs2.c in Coast (GSHO 41).

1. Robertson, D.W., and G.W. Deming. 1930. Genetic studies in barley. J. Hered. 21:283-288.
2. Robertson, D.W., G.W. Deming, and D. Koonce. 1932. Inheritance in barley. J. Agric. Res. 44:445-466.
3. Søgaard, B. 1973. Continued linkage studies on eceriferum mutants in barley. BGN 3:57-61.

T. Tsuchiya and T.E. Haus. 1971. BGN 1:106.

J.D. Franckowiak and A. Hang. 1997. BGN 26:46.

Stock number: BGS 4
Locus name: Albino seedling 8
Locus symbol: abo8

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

White seedling c2 = a_c2 (4).
Albino seedling c2 = a_c2 (5).
Albina seedling-m = alb-m (7).

Monofactorial recessive (2, 4).
Located in chromosome 7HS [1S] (1, 3, 6), about 27.2 cM distal from the nud (naked caryopsis) locus (2), over 11.3 cM distal from the nud locus (1), and about 18.0 cM distal from the fch8 (chlorina seedling 8) locus (3).

Seedlings are white in color and devoid of normal pigments (4). Plants with this phenotype are classified as albino mutants (5). The abo8.h gene must be maintained as a heterozygous stock.

A spontaneous mutant in Coast (PI 539103) (2, 4).

abo8.h in Coast (Coast II) (4); alb-m.27 in Bonus (PI 539132) (7, 8).

abo8.h in Coast (GSHO 61).

1. Persson, G. 1969. An attempt to find suitable genetic markers for the dense ear loci in barley I. Hereditas 62:25-96.
2. Robertson, D.W. 1937. Maternal inheritance in barley. Genetics 22:104-113.
3. Robertson, D.W. 1967. Linkage studies of various barley mutations (Hordeum species). Crop Sci. 7:41-42.
4. Robertson, D.W., and G.W. Deming. 1930. Genetic studies in barley. J. Hered. 21:283-288.
5. Robertson, D.W., G.A. Wiebe, and F.R. Immer. 1941. A summary of linkage studies in barley. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 33:47-64.
6. Shahla, A., and T. Tsuchiya. 1982. Telotrisomic analysis of the gene a_c2 (albino seedling) in Triplo 1L in barley. BGN 12:32-33.
7. Wettstein, D. von, and K. Kristiansen. 1973. Stock list for nuclear gene mutants affecting the chloroplast. BGN 3:113-117.
8. Wettstein, D. von, and K. Kristiansen. 1975. Report by coordinators on chloroplast genes: Progress report II on diallelic tests between mapped chloroplast genes and chloroplast genes in stock collection at Copenhagen. BGN 5:90-91.

T. Tsuchiya and T.E. Haus. 1971. BGN 1:107.

J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:47.

Stock number: BGS 5
Locus name: Chlorina seedling 8
Locus symbol: fch8

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Chlorina seedling 8 = f8 (2).
Chlorina seedling-f8 = clo-f8^f8 (4).

Monofactorial recessive (2).
Located in chromosome 7HS [1S] (1, 2, 3); about 13.0 cM distal from the nud (naked caryopsis) locus (1, 2), and about 2.7 cM distal from the msg10 (male sterile genetic 10) locus (1).

Seedlings have a yellow-green color and plants retain a chlorina (yellow green) phenotype until ripening (2). Plants are viable in the field, but heading is delayed and seed yield is much reduced.

A spontaneous mutant in Comfort (CIho 4578) (2).

fch8.j in Comfort (Comfort No II) (2).
Mutant used for description and seed stock:
fch8.j in Comfort (GSHO 40); fch8.j in Bowman (PI 483237)*8 (GSHO 1829).

1. Eslick, R.F. 1976. Approximate position of the chlorina mutants f4f4 and f8f8 on chromosome 1. BGN 6:10-13
2. Robertson, D.W. 1969. Linkage studies with five naturally occurring chlorophyll mutations in barley (Hordeum species). Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 9:321-326.
3. Shahla, A., and T. Tsuchiya. 1987. Cytogenetic studies in barley chromosome 1 by means of telotrisomic, acrotrisomic and conventional analysis. Theor. Appl. Genet. 75:5-12.
4. Simpson, D.J., O. Machold, G. Høyer-Hansen, and D. von Wettstein. 1985. Chlorina mutants of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Carlsberg Res. Commun. 50:223-238.

T. Tsuchiya and T.E. Haus. 1971. BGN 1:108.

T. Tsuchiya. 1980. BGN 10:102.
J.D. Franckowiak and U. Lundqvist. 1997. BGN 26:48.

Stock number: BGS 6
Locus name: Six-rowed spike 1
Locus symbol: vrs1

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Two-row vs six-row = Zz (18).
Six-row vs two-row = Aa (6).
Two-rowed = D (15).
Six-row vs two-row = Vv (3).
Six-row vs two-row (distichon) vs two-row (deficiens) = A, a^s, a^f (8).
Reduced lateral spikelet appendage on the lemma = lr (9).
Allelic series v, V^d, V, and V^t (19).
Hexastichon mutants = hex-v (5, 6).
Intermedium spike-d = Int-d (4).
Reduced lateral spikelet appendage on the lemma = v^lr (17).

A multiple allelic series, incomplete dominant allele interactions based on the size and shape of lateral spikelets (1, 17, 19).
Located in chromosome 2HL (3, 6, 10, 12), about 30.5 cM distal from the eog (elongated outer glume) locus (16).

Alleles at this complex locus modify development of the lateral spikelets and the associated lemma awn. The vrs1.a allele (v gene) is present in most six-rowed cultivars and produces well-developed lateral spikelets (6). The lemma awn of lateral spikelets will vary from 3/4 to nearly as long as those of central spikelets, depending upon alleles present at other loci. The Vrs1.b allele (V gene, distichon) is present in many two-rowed cultivars and reduces lateral spikelets to sterile bracts with a rounded tip. The Vrs1.t allele (V^t gene, deficiens) causes an extreme reduction in the size of lateral spikelets. The lr or v^lr (vrs1.c) gene in Nudihaxtoni and Bozu types will not recombine with the vrs1.a allele (10, 17) and produces phenotypes similar to the Vrs1.d allele (V^d gene) of Svanhals (19). The series of induced mutants in two-rowed barley called hex-v and Int-d mutants differ in the size of lateral spikelets, but they interact with the vrs1.a allele as incomplete dominants (5). Many heterozygous combinations with vrs1.a have a pointed tip on the lemma of sterile lateral spikelets. Alleles at the int-c (intermedium spike-c) locus modify lateral size in the presence of vrs1.a, Vrs1.b, and Vrs1.d, but not when Vrs1.t is present (19).

Natural occurrence in most six-rowed barley and induced frequently by mutagenic agents.

vrs1.a in six-rowed cultivars (1, 19); Vrs1.t in a few two-rowed cultivars (19); vrs1.c or lr in Nudihaxtoni (PI 32368) (10, 17); Vrs1.d in Svanhals (PI 5474) (19); 23 induced mutants from programs in Belgium, Germany, and Hungary (2); hex-v.3, -v.4, -v.6, -v.7, -v.8, -v.9, -v.10, -v.11, -v.12, -v.18, -v.44, -v.45, -v.46, -v.47, -v.48 in Bonus (PI 189763), -v.13, -v.14, -v.15, -v.16, -v.17, -v.19, -v.21, -v.22, -v.23, -v.24, -v.25, -v.26, -v.27, -v.28, -v.29, -v.30, -v.31, -v.35 in Foma (CIho 11333), -v.20 in Ingrid (CIho 10083), -v.33, -v.36, -v.38, -v.39, -v.41, -v.42, -v.43 in Kristina (5, 12); hex-v.49 in Bonus, -v.50, -v.51 in Sv 79353, -v.52 in Golf (PI 488529) (11); Int-d.11, -d.12, -d.22, -d.24, -d.28, -d.36 in Foma, -d.40, -d.41, -d.50, -d.57, -d.67, -d.68, -d.69 in Kristina (5, 13); Int-d.73, -d.80, -d.82 in Bonus, -d.93, -d.94, -d.96, -d.97, -d.100 in Hege (11); vrs1.o (v1b) in New Golden (14).
Mutant used for description and seed stock:
vrs1.a in Trebi (PI 537442, GSHO 196); vrs1.a in Bonneville (CIho 7248) (7); vrs1.a from Glenn (CIho 15769) in Bowman (PI 483237)*8 (GSHO 1907); Int-d.12 in Bowman*6 (GSHO 1910).

1. Biffen, R.H. 1906. Experiments on the hybridization of barleys. Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc. 13:304-308.
2. Fukuyama, T., J. Hayashi, I. Moriya, and R. Takahashi. 1972. A test for allelism of 32 induced six-rowed mutants. BGN 2:25-27.
3. Griffee, F. 1925. Correlated inheritance of botanical characters in barley, and manner of reaction to Helminthosporium sativum. J. Agric. Res. 30:915-935.
4. Gustafsson, Å., A. Hagberg, U. Lundqvist, and G. Persson. 1969. A proposed system of symbols for the collection of barley mutants at Svalöv. Hereditas 62:409-414.
5. Gustafsson, Å., and U. Lundqvist. 1980. Hexastichon and intermedium mutants in barley. Hereditas 92:229-236.
6. Harlan, H.V., and H.K. Hayes. 1920. Occurrence of the fixed intermediate, Hordeum intermedium haxtoni, in crosses between H. vulgare pallidium and H. distichum palmella. J. Agric. Res.19:575-591.
7. Hockett, E.A. 1985. Registration of two- and six-rowed isogenic Bonneville barley germplasm. Crop Sci. 25:201.
8. Hor, K.S. 1924. Interrelations of genetic factors in barley. Genetics 9:151-180.
9. Immer, F.R., and M.T. Henderson. 1943. Linkage studies in barley. Genetics 28:419-440.
10. Leonard, W.H. 1942. Inheritance of reduced lateral spikelet appendages in the Nudihaxtoni variety of barley. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 34:211-221.
11. Lundqvist, U. (unpublished).
12. Lundqvist, U., and A. Lundqvist. 1987. Barley mutants - diversity and genetics. p. 251-257. In S. Yasuda and T. Konishi (eds.) Barley Genetics V. Proc. Fifth Int. Barley Genet. Symp., Okayama, 1986. Sanyo Press Co., Okayama.
13. Lundqvist, U., and A. Lundqvist. 1988. Induced intermedium mutants in barley: origin, morphology and inheritance. Hereditas 108:13-26.
14. Makino, T., M. Furusho, and T. Fukuoka. 1995. A mutant having six-rowed gene allelic to v locus. BGN 24:122.
15. Miyake, K., and Y. Imai. 1922. [Genetic studies in barley. 1.] Bot. Mag., Tokyo 36:25-38. [In Japanese.]
16. Swenson, S.P., and D.G. Wells. 1944. The linkage relation of four genes in chromosome 1 of barley. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 36:429-435.
17. Takahashi, R., J. Hayashi, I. Moriya, and S. Yasuda. 1982. Studies on classification and inheritance of barley varieties having awnless or short-awned lateral spikelets (Bozu barley). I. Variation of awn types and classification. Nogaku Kenyu 60:13-24. [In Japanese with English summary.]
18. Ubisch, G. von. 1916. Beitrag zu einer Faktorenanalyse von Gerste. Z. Indukt. Abstammungs. Vererbungsl. 17:120-152.
19. Woodward, R.W. 1949. The inheritance of fertility in the lateral florets of the four barley groups. Agron. J. 41:317-322.

T.E. Haus. 1975. BGN 5:106.

J.D. Franckowiak and U. Lundqvist. 1997. BGN 26:49-50.

Stock number: BGS 7
Locus name: Naked caryopsis
Locus symbol: nud

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Naked caryopsis = k (9).
Naked caryopsis = s (14).
Naked caryopsis = n (3, 4).
Hulless = h (5).

Monofactorial recessive (3, 9, 12).
Located in chromosome 7HL [1L] (1, 6, 7, 9, 13); near the centromere (1, 6), about 9.6 cM proximal from the lks2 (short awn 2) locus (10), and about 10.5 cM proximal from the dsp1 (dense spike 1) locus (10, 11).

The lemma and palea do not adhere to the caryopsis and the grain will thresh free of the hull at maturity. The naked caryopsis trait is expressed in all environments (11).

Natural occurrence in many cultivars, often associated with the dsp1.a (dense spike 1) gene in Japanese cultivars (11).

nud1.a in Himalaya (CIho 1312) (14); nud1.b in Haisa (Mut 4129), nud1.c (Mut 3041/62) in Ackermann's Donaria (PI 161974) (8).

nud1.a in Himalaya (GSHO 115), nud1.a from Sermo (CIho 7776) in Betzes (PI 129430)*7 (CIho 16559, GP 37), nud1.a from Sermo in Compana (CIho 5438)*7 (CIho 16185, GP 41), nud1.a from Sermo in Decap (CIho 3351)*7 (CIho 16563, GP 45) (2); nud1.a from Stamm (PI 194555) in Betzes*7 (CIho 16566, GP 48), nud1.a from Stamm in Compana*7 (CIho 16183, GP 50), nud1.a from Stamm*7 in Freja (CIho 7130)*7 (CIho 16568, GP 52) (2); nud1.a from R.I. Wolfe's Multiple Recessive Marker Stock in Bowman (PI 483237)*8 (GSHO 1847).

1. Fedak, G., T. Tsuchiya, and S.B. Helgason. 1972. Use of monotelotrisomics for linkage mapping in barley. Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 14:949-957.
2. Hockett, E.A. 1981. Registration of hulless and hulless short-awned spring barley germplasm (Reg. nos. GP 35 to 52). Crop Sci. 21:146-147.
3. Hor, K.S. 1924. Interrelations of genetic factors in barley. Genetics 9:151-180.
4. Miyake, K., and Y. Imai. 1922. [Genetic studies in barley. 1.] Bot. Mag., Tokyo 36:25-38. [In Japanese.]
5. Neatby, K.W. 1926. Inheritance of quantitative and other characters in a barley cross. Sci. Agric. 7:77-84.
6. Persson, G. 1969. An attempt to find suitable genetic markers for dense ear loci in barley I. Hereditas 62:25-96.
7. Robertson, D.W. 1937. Inheritance in barley. II. Genetics 22:443-451.
8. Scholz, F. 1955. Mutationsversuche an Kulturpflanzen. IV. Kulturpflanze 3:69-89.
9. So, M., S. Ogura, and Y. Imai. 1919. [A linkage group in barley.] Nogaku Kaiho 208:1093-1117. [In Japanese.]
10. Takahashi, R., J. Hayashi, T. Konishi, and I. Moriya. 1975. Linkage analysis of barley mutants. BGN 5:56-60.
11. Takahashi, R., J. Yamamoto, S. Yasuda, and Y. Itano. 1953. Inheritance and linkage studies in barley. Ber. Ohara Inst. landw. Forsch. 10:29-52.
12. Tschermak, E. von. 1901. Über Züchtung neuer Getreiderassen mittelst künstlicher Kreuzung. Kritisch-historische Betrachtungen. Zeitschrift für das landwirtschaftliche Versuchswesen Oesterreich 4:1029-1060.
13. Tsuchiya, T., and R.J. Singh. 1973. Further information on telotrisomic analysis in barley. BGN 3:75-78.
14. Ubisch, G. von. 1921. Beitrag zu einer Faktorenanalyse von Gerste. III. Z. Indukt. Abstammungs. Vererbungsl. 25:198-200.

T. Tsuchiya and T.E. Haus. 1971. BGN 1:110.

J.D. Franckowiak and T. Konishi. 1997. BGN 26:51-52.

Stock number: BGS 9
Locus name: Dense spike 1
Locus symbol: dsp1

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Dense spike = l (7, 9).
Lax spike = L₁ (4).
Short spike = e (8).

Monofactorial recessive (1, 2, 9).
Located in chromosome 7HS [1S] (3, 4), about 10.5 cM distal from the nud (naked caryopsis) locus (6, 7).

Spike length is reduced because rachis internode length is reduced to about 2/3 normal. The reduction in rachis internode length caused by the dsp1.a and uzu1.a (uzu) alleles is similar and additive (5, 7). In F₂ progenies, the dsp1.a gene has pleiotropic effects on coleoptile length, culm length, and grain size (5).

Natural occurrence in cultivars from China, Japan, and Korea (5).

dsp1.a in many cultivars of Oriental origin, often associated with the short awn gene (5).

dsp1.a in Honen 6 (OUJ469, PI 307495, GSHO 1232); dsp1.a from DWS1081 in Bowman (PI 483237)*7 (GSHO 1833).

1. Biffen, R.H. 1907. The hybridization of barleys. III. J. Agric. Sci. 2:183-206.
2. Hayes, H.K., and H.V. Harlan. 1920. The inheritance of the length of internode in the rachis of the barley spike. U. S. Dept. Agric., Bull. 869. 26 p.
3. Hor, K.S. 1924. Interrelations of genetic factors in barley. Genetics 9:151-180.
4. Miyake, K., and Y. Imai. 1922. [Genetic studies in barley. 1.] Bot. Mag., Tokyo 36:25-38. [In Japanese.]
5. Takahashi, R. 1951. Studies on the classification and geographic distribution of the Japanese barley varieties. II. Correlative inheritance of some quantitative characters with the ear type. Ber. Ohara Inst. landw. Forsch. 9:383-398.
6. Takahashi, R., J. Hayashi, T. Konishi, and I. Moriya. 1975. Linkage analysis of barley mutants. BGN 5:56-60.
7. Takahashi, R., J. Yamamoto, S. Yasuda, and Y. Itano. 1953. Inheritance and linkage studies in barley. Ber. Ohara Inst. landw. Forsch. 10:29-52.
8. Takezaki, Y. 1927. [On the genetical formulae of the length of spikes and awns in barley, with reference to the computation of the valency of the heredity factors.] Rep. Agric. Exp. Sta., Tokyo 46:1-43. [In Japanese.]
9. Ubisch, G. von. 1916. Beitrag zu einer Faktorenanalyse von Gerste. Z. Indukt. Abstammungs. Vererbungsl. 17:120-152.

R. Takahashi. 1972. BGN 2:174.

J.D. Franckowiak and T. Konishi. 1997. BGN 26:53.

Stock number: BGS 10
Locus name: Short awn 2
Locus symbol: lks2

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Short awn = a (13, 14).
Short awn = lk (12).
Short awn 2 = lk₁ (6).
Short awn 2 = lk2 (9).
Short awn 4 = lk4 (1, 4).

Monofactorial recessive (5, 6, 10).
Located in chromosome 7HL [1L] (5, 11), estimates range from 7.9 to 10.5 cM distal from the nud (naked caryopsis) locus (2, 10, 11).

Awns of both central and lateral spikelets are reduced to about 3/5 of the long awned type. Texture of the short awn is finer and more flexible than that of the long awn, especially in non-uzu genotypes (11, 12). Awn length of heterozygotes in some crosses is shorter than in the normal parent.

Spontaneous occurrence in some cultivars distributed in China, Japan, Korea, and Nepal (4, 8, 10, 12).

lks2.b in many cultivars of Oriental origin, often associated with the dsp1.a (dense spike 1) gene (5, 10, 12); a possible mutant in Morex (CIho 15773) (7, 8).

lks2.b in Honen 6 (OUJ469, PI 307495, GSHO 566) (12); lks2.b from Sermo (CIho 7776) in Betzes (PI 129430)*7 (CIho 16558, GP 36), lks2.b from Sermo in Compana (CIho 5438)*7 (CIho 16188, GP 40), lks2.b from Sermo in Decap (CIho 3351)*7 (CIho 16562, GP 44) (3); lks2.b from R.I. Wolfe's Multiple Recessive Stock in Bowman (PI 483237)*9 (GSHO 1850).

1. Eslick, R.F., and E.A. Hockett. 1967. Allelism for awn length, lk2, in barley (Hordeum species). Crop Sci. 7:266-267.
2. Eslick, R.F., and E.A. Hockett. 1972. Recombination values of four genes on chromosome 1. BGN 2:123-126.
3. Hockett, E.A. 1981. Registration of hulless and hulless short-awned spring barley germplasm (Reg. nos. GP 35 to 52). Crop Sci. 21:146-147.
4. Litzenberger, S.C., and J.M. Green. 1951. Inheritance of awns in barley. Agron. J. 43:117-123.
5. Miyake, K., and Y. Imai. 1922. [Genetic studies in barley. 1.] Bot. Mag., Tokyo 36:25-38. [In Japanese.]
6. Myler, J.L. 1942. Awn inheritance in barley. J. Agric. Res. 65:405-412.
7. Ramage, T. 1984. A semi-dominant short awn mutant in Morex. BGN 14:19-20.
8. Ramage, T., and J.L.A. Eckhoff. 1985. Assignment of mutants in Morex to chromosomes. BGN 15:22-25.
9. Robertson, D.W., G.A. Wiebe, and F.R. Immer. 1941. A summary of linkage studies in barley. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 33:47-64.
10. So, M., S. Ogura, and Y. Imai. 1919. [A linkage group in barley.] Nogaku Kaiho 208:1093-1117. [In Japanese.]
11. Takahashi, R., J. Hayashi, T. Konishi, and I. Moriya. 1975. Linkage analysis of barley mutants. BGN 5:56-60.
12. Takahashi, R., J. Yamamoto, S. Yasuda, and Y. Itano. 1953. Inheritance and linkage studies in barley. Ber. Ohara Inst. landw Forsch. 10:29-52.
13. Takezaki, Y. 1927. [On the genetical formulae of the length of spikes and awns in barley, with reference to the computation of the valency of the heredity factors.] Rep. Agric. Exp. Sta., Tokyo 46:1-43. [In Japanese.]
14. Ubisch, G. von. 1921. Beitrag zu einer Faktorenanalyse von Gerste. III. Z. Indukt. Abstammungs. Vererbungsl. 25:198-200.

R. Takahashi. 1972. BGN 2:176.

R. Takahashi and T. Tsuchiya. 1973. BGN 3:119.
J.D. Franckowiak and T. Konishi. 1997. BGN 26:54-55.

Stock number: BGS 11
Locus name: Unbranched style 4
Locus symbol: ubs4

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Unbranched style 4 = u4 (7).
Breviaristatum-15 = ari-15 (3).
Breviaristatum-d = ari-d (1, 2, 3, 5).
Short awn 8 = lk8 (8).

Monofactorial recessive (5, 7).
Located in chromosome 7HL [1L] (5, 6, 7), about 8.0 cM distal from the nud (naked caryopsis) locus (7).

The stigma has only a few very short branches. This prevents normal pollen reception and reduces seed set to 13 to 30% in uzu type plants. Both the uzu1.a and srh1.a (short rachilla hair) genes interact with ubs4.d to further reduce in seed set. Pollen fertility is normal (7). Awn length is about 1/4 normal (3). Seed set on plants of the Bowman backcross-derived line varies from about 10% for plants grown in greenhouses to nearly 50% for plants grown at Aberdeen, Idaho, USA.

A spontaneous mutant in Ao Hadaka (OUJ159) (7).

ubs4.d in Ao Hadaka (Ao Hadaka-hen) (7); ari-d.15, -d.35, -d.51 in Bonus (PI 189763) (3); ari-d.44, -d.57 in Bonus (4); ari-d.105, -d.107, -d.116, -d.129, -d.130, -d.150, -d.160, -d.186, -d.187, -d.192, -d.193, -d.232, -d.239, -d.240, -d.241, -d.242, -d.243, -d.247 in Foma (CIho 11333), -d.288 in Kristina (3).

ubs4.d in Ao Hadaka (GSHO 567); ari-d.15 in Bonus (GSHO 1652); ubs4.d in Bowman (PI 483237)*6 (GSHO 1849); ari-d.15 in Bowman*8 (GSHO 1848).

1. Franckowiak, J.D. (unpublished).
2. Gustafsson, Å., A. Hagberg, U. Lundqvist, and G. Persson. 1969. A proposed system of symbols for the collection of barley mutants at Svalöv. Hereditas 62:409-414.
3. Kucera, J., U. Lundqvist, and Å. Gustafsson. 1975. Inheritance of breviaristatum mutants in barley. Hereditas 80:263-278.
4. Lundqvist, U. (unpublished).
5. Persson, G. 1969. An attempt to find suitable genetic markers for dense ear loci in barley I. Hereditas 62:25-96.
6. Persson, G., and A. Hagberg. 1965. Localization of nine induced mutations in the barley chromosomes. Barley Newsl. 8:52-54.
7. Takahashi, R., J. Yamamoto, and S. Yasuda. 1953. Inheritance of semi-sterility due to defects of stigmatic structure in barley. Nogaku Kenkyu 41:69-78. [In Japanese with English summary.]
8. Tsuchiya, T. 1974. Allelic relationships of genes for short-awned mutants in barley. BGN 4:80-81.

R. Takahashi. 1972. BGN 2:177.

J.D. Franckowiak and U. Lundqvist. 1997. BGN 26:56.

Stock number: BGS 12
Locus name: Desynapsis 1
Locus symbol: des1

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Long chromosome = lc (1, 4, 6).

Monofactorial recessive (1, 4).
Located in chromosome 7H [1] (1, 4).

The name long chromosomes refers to the frequent occurrence of rod bivalents at metaphase I (1). The chromosomes are paired during pachytene, but undergo desynapsis during diplotene. The degree of desynapsis is d = 2.6 +/- 1.6 ranging from 7 ring bivalents (d = 0) to 5 rod bivalents plus 4 univalents (d = 9). Lagging chromosomes and micronuclei are observed frequently at telophase I. Microspore tetrads contain an average of 0.3 micronuclei per tetrad with a range of 0 to 6. Ovule fertility is about 45% (2).

An X-ray induced mutant in Mars (CIho 7015) (1, 4).

des1.a in Mars (1, 4, 5); des1.v in Freja (CIho 7130) (3, 5).

des1.a in Mars (GSHO 592).

1. Burnham, C.R. 1946. A gene for "long" chromosome in barley. Genetics 31:212-213. (Abstr.)
2. Hernandez-Soriano, J.M. 1973. Desynaptic mutants in Betzes barley. M.S. Thesis. Univ. of Arizona, Tucson.
3. Hernandez-Soriano, J.M., and R.T. Ramage. 1973. Coordinator's report. Desynaptic genes. BGN 3:91.
4. McLennan, H.A. 1947. Cytogenetic studies of a strain of barley with long chromosomes. M.S. Thesis. Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul.
5. Ramage, R.T., and J.M. Hernandez-Soriano. 1972. Desynaptic genes in barley. BGN 2:65-68.
6. Robertson, D.W., G.A. Wiebe, and R.G. Shands. 1947. A summary of linkage studies in barley: Supplement I, 1940-1946. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 39:464-473.

J.M. Hernandez-Soriano, R.T. Ramage, and R.F. Eslick. 1973. BGN 3:124.

J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:57.

Stock number: BGS 13
Locus name: Desynapsis 4
Locus symbol: des4

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

None.

Monofactorial recessive (3, 4).
Located in chromosome 7H [1] (1).

The chromosomes are paired during pachytene and undergo desynapsis during diplotene. The degree of desynapsis is d = 3.3 +/- 2.2 with a range from 7 ring bivalents (d = 0) to 3 rod bivalents plus 8 univalents (d = 11). Many of the univalents split longitudinally during anaphase I, and lagging chromosomes and micronuclei are observed frequently at telophase I. Microspore tetrads contain an average of 1.0 micronuclei per tetrad and a range of 0 to 10. Ovule fertility is about 18% (1).

A spontaneous mutant in Betzes (PI 129430) (3, 4).

des4.d, des4.h in Betzes (3, 4); des4.z, des4.aa, des4.ab, des4.ac, des4.ad, des4.ae, des4.af, des4.ag in Klages (CIho 15487) (2, 5); all the Klages mutants may be identical because they were isolated from the same field (2).

des4.d in Betzes (GSHO 595).

1. Hernandez-Soriano, J.M. 1973. Desynaptic mutants in Betzes barley. M.S. Thesis. Univ. of Arizona, Tucson.
2. Hernandez-Soriano, J.M., and R.T. Ramage. 1974. Coordinator's report. Desynaptic genes. BGN 4:123-125.
3. Ramage, R.T., and J.M. Hernandez-Soriano. 1971. Desynaptic genes in Betzes barley. BGN 1:38.
4. Ramage, R.T., and J.M. Hernandez-Soriano. 1972. Desynaptic genes in barley. BGN 2:65-68.
5. Scheuring, J.F., D.R. Clark, and R.T. Ramage. 1976. Coordinator's report: Desynaptic genes. BGN 6:108-109.

J.M. Hernandez-Soriano, R.T. Ramage, and R.F. Eslick. 1973. BGN 3:127.

R.T. Ramage and J.F. Scheuring. 1976. BGN 6:116.
J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:58.

Stock number: BGS 14
Locus name: Desynapsis 5
Locus symbol: des5

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

None.

Monofactorial recessive (2, 3).
Located in chromosome 7H [1] (1).

The chromosomes are paired during pachytene and undergo desynapsis during diplotene. The degree of desynapsis is 11.1 +/- 2.6 ranging from 7 ring bivalents (d = 0) to 14 univalents (d = 14). Many univalents split longitudinally during anaphase I. Lagging chromosomes and micronuclei are observed frequently at telophase I. Microspore quartets contain an average of 4.5 micronuclei per quartet with a range of 0 to 18. Ovule fertility is about 7%. When crossed with non-allelic desynaptic lines, the F₁'s frequently show a low degree of desynapsis (up to 3 rod bivalents per cell) (1).

A spontaneous mutant in Betzes (PI 129430) (2, 3).

des5.e, des5.f, des5.g in Betzes (2, 3).

des5.e in Betzes (GSHO 596).

1. Hernandez-Soriano, J.M. 1973. Desynaptic mutants in Betzes barley. M.S. Thesis. Univ. of Arizona, Tucson.
2. Ramage, R.T., and J.M. Hernandez-Soriano. 1971. Desynaptic genes in Betzes barley. BGN 1:38.
3. Ramage, R.T., and J.M. Hernandez-Soriano. 1972. Desynaptic genes in barley. BGN 2:65-68.

J.M. Hernandez-Soriano, R.T. Ramage, and R.F. Eslick. 1973. BGN 3:128.

J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:59.

Stock number: BGS 15
Locus name: Non-blue aleurone xenia 1
Locus symbol: blx1

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Blue aleurone = Bl (1).
Complementary factors for blue vs white aleurone = Bl1 and bl1 (3).
Complementary factors for blue vs white aleurone = Blx and blx (9).

Monofactorial recessive (1, 3) when complementary dominant alleles are present at the Blx2, Blx3, Blx4, and Blx5 loci (2).
Located in chromosome 4HL (1, 6, 7), over 13.6 cM distal from the glf3 (glossy leaf 3) locus (8).

Blue aleurone color is due to anthocyanin pigments (5) which occur as lumps inside many aleurone granules in some or all aleurone cells (2). Variation in blue color expression from dark blue to an off-white is caused by environmental factors and modifying genes (2, 3). Aleurone color is best observed in well filled grain that is magnified to show individual aleurone cells, after more superficial tissues have been peeled off (4).

Natural occurrence in many cultivars, frequently in those of Occidental origin.

blx1.a in Goldfoil (PI 5975) (6).

blx1.a in Goldfoil (GSHO 185).

1. Buckley, G.F.H. 1930. Inheritance in barley with special reference to the color of caryopsis and lemma. Sci. Agric. 10:460-492.
2. Finch, R. A., and E. Simpson. 1978. New colours and complementary colour genes in barley. Z. Pflanzenzücht. 81:40-53.
3. Kushnak, G.D. 1974. Utilizing linkages of genetic male sterile and aleurone color genes in hybrid barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) systems. Ph.D. Thesis. Montana State Univ., Bozeman.
4. Mullick, D.B., and V.C. Brink. 1970. A method for exposing aleurone tissue of barley for color classification. Can. J. Plant Sci. 50:551-558.
5. Mullick, D.B., D.G. Faris, V.C. Brink, and R.M. Acheson. 1958. Anthocyanins and anthocyanidins of the barley pericarp and aleurone tissues. Can. J. Plant Sci. 38:445-456.
6. Myler, J.L., and E.H. Stanford. 1942. Color inheritance in barley. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 34:427-436.
7. Robertson, D.W., G.W. Deming, and D. Koonce. 1932. Inheritance in barley. J. Agric. Res. 44:445-466.
8. Takahashi, R., J. Hayashi, and I. Moriya. 1971. Linkage studies in barley. BGN 1:51-58.
9. Wiebe, G.A. 1972. Blue aleurone caused by complementary genes in very close translinkage. BGN 2:109.

T.E. Haus. 1975. BGN 5:111.

R.A. Finch. 1978. BGN 8:163.
J.D. Franckowiak and R.A. Finch. 1997. BGN 26:60.

Stock number: BGS 16
Locus name: Waxy endosperm
Locus symbol: wax

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Waxy endosperm = wx (10).
High amylopectin endosperm = glx (1, 6).

Monofactorial recessive (3, 5).
Located in chromosome 7HS [1S] (2, 9), about 1.5 cM proximal from the fch12 (chlorina seedling 12) locus (10), and about 12.6 cM proximal from the Run1 (reaction to Ustilago nuda 1) locus (8).

The endosperm contains primarily amylopectin, chains of alpha-(1 4) D-glucopyranose units branched through alpha-(1 6) linkages, and has a waxy texture. The starch content is reduced, the amount of sucrose and maltose is increased significantly, and more amylodextrin may be deposited (4). The starch in the endosperm and pollen grains has reddish-brown reaction to iodine (3, 5). The estimated spontaneous reversion to normal for six wax1 alleles ranged from 1.9 to 5.6 x 10^-5, and the intralocus recombination frequencies ranged from 0.4 to 194 x 10^-5 (6). Instability of the wax1.a allele from R.I. Wolfe's Multiple Recessive Stock is induced by crossing to mutant line 152 (7).

A spontaneous mutant in Murasaki Mochi (CIho 5899) (3, 5).

wax1.a in Murasaki Mochi (GSHO 84) (3, 5); wax1.b, wax1.c, wax1.d, wax1.e, wax1.f, and wax1.g in Steptoe (CIho 15229) (1, 6).

wax1.a in Oderbrucker (CIho 4666)*10 (Waxy Oderbrucker, CIho 7563, GSHO 908); wax1.a from R.I. Wolfe's Multiple Recessive Stock in Bowman (PI 483237)*8 (GSHO 1828).

1. Kleinhofs, A., R.L. Warner, F.J. Muelbauer, and R.A. Nilan. 1978. Induction and selection of specific gene mutations in Hordeum and Pisum. Mutat. Res. 51:29-35.
2. Kramer, H.H., and B.A. Blander. 1961. Orientating linkage maps on the chromosomes of barley. Crop Sci. 1:339-342.
3. Nakao, S. 1950. On waxy barleys in Japan. Seiken Ziho 4:111-113. [In Japanese with English summary.]
4. Newman, C.W., and R.K. Newman. 1992. Nutritional aspects of barley seed structure and composition. p. 351-368. In P.R. Shewry (ed.) Barley: Genetics, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biotechnology. (Biotechnology in Agriculture no. 5). CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
5. Ono, T., and H. Suzuki. 1957. Endosperm characters in hybrids between barley varieties with starchy and waxy endosperms. Seiken Ziho 8:11-19.
6. Rosichan, R.A., P. Arenaz, and A. Kleinhofs. 1979. Intragenic recombination at the waxy locus in Hordeum vulgare. BGN 9:79-85.
7. Schreiber, H., and A. Habekuß. 1996. High frequencies of forward and reverse genetic changes at the waxy-locus of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). BGN 25:41-45.
8. Shands, R.G. 1964. Inheritance and linkage to stem rust and loose smut resistance and starch type in barley. Phytopathology 54:308-316.
9. Tabata, M. 1961. Studies of a gametophyte factor in barley. Jpn. J. Genet. 36:157-167.
10. Webster, O.J. 1950. Genetics and morphology of rachis internode length. Ph.D. Thesis. Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul.

T.E. Haus. 1975. BGN 5:97.

T. Tsuchiya. 1982. BGN 12:109.
J.D. Franckowiak and T. Konishi. 1997. BGN 26:61-62.

Stock number: BGS 17
Locus name: Chlorina seedling 4
Locus symbol: fch4

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Chlorina seedling 4 = f4 (3, 6).
Yellow viable = yv (6).

Monofactorial recessive (6).
Located in chromosome 7HL [1L] (1, 2, 5, 6), slightly distal from the nud (naked caryopsis) locus and about 4.4 cM proximal from the lks2 (short awn 2) locus (1).

Seedlings are bright yellow-green on emergence and maintain this color until they are nearly mature. Seedlings and plants are relatively vigorous, but heading is delayed (6).

A beta-ray induced mutant in Montcalm (CIho 7149) (6).

fch4.g in Montcalm (Alb Acc 258) (6).

fch4.g in Montcalm (GSHO 1214); fch4.g in Bowman (PI 483237)*7 (GSHO 1851).

1. Eslick, R.F. 1976. Approximate position of the chlorina mutants f4f4 and f8f8 on chromosome 1. BGN 6:10-13.
2. Fedak, G., T. Tsuchiya, and S.B. Helgason. 1972. Use of monotelotrisomics for linkage mapping in barley. Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 14:949-957.
3. Robertson, D.W. 1964. New genes in barley with their relation to linkage groups and chromosomes. p. 159-180. In S. Broekhuizen, G. Dantuma, H. Lamberts, and W. Lange (eds.) Barley Genetics I. Proc. First Int. Barley Genet. Symp., Wageningen, 1963. Centre for Agricultural Publications and Documentation, Wageningen.
4. Robertson, D.W., G.A. Wiebe, R.G. Shands, and A. Hagberg. 1965. A summary of linkage studies in cultivated barley, Hordeum species: Supplement III, 1954-1963. Crop Sci. 5:33-43.
5. Tsuchiya, T. 1972. Cytogenetics of telotrisomics in barley. BGN 2:93-98.
6. Walker, G.W.R., J. Dietrich, R. Miller, and K. Kasha. 1963. Recent barley mutants and their linkages II. Genetic data for further mutants. Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 5:200-219.

T.E. Haus. 1975. BGN 5:98.

T. Tsuchiya. 1980. BGN 10:103.
J.D. Franckowiak and A. Hang. 1997. BGN 26:63.

Stock number: BGS 18
Locus name: Chlorina seedling 5
Locus symbol: fch5

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Chlorina seedling 5 = f5 (4).
Yellow viable = yv2 (4).

Monofactorial recessive (4).
Located in chromosome 7HS [1S] (1, 3, 4), proximal from the brh1 (brachytic 1) locus (1), about 25.9 cM proximal from the Rpg1 (reaction to Puccinia graminis tritici 1) locus (2).

Seedlings are pale yellow to ivory in color at emergence and remain this color until they are nearly mature (4). Seedlings are relatively weak and rarely survive to maturity in the field at Fargo, North Dakota, USA; however, in the greenhouse they gradually become darker green and produce late-maturing plants.

A spontaneous mutant in Gateway (CIho 10072) (4).

fch5.f in Gateway (Alb Acc 328) (4).

fch5.f in Gateway (GSHO 1215); fch5.f in Bowman (PI 483237)*5 (GSHO 1827).

1. Fedak, G., T. Tsuchiya, and S.B. Helgason. 1972. Use of monotelotrisomics for linkage mapping in barley. Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 14:949-957.
2. Jin, Y., B.J. Steffenson, and J.D. Franckowiak. 1993. Linkage between the Rpg1 gene for stem rust resistance and the f5 locus on barley chromosome 1. Crop Sci. 33:642-643.
3. Tsuchiya, T. 1972. Cytogenetics of telotrisomics in barley. BGN 2:93-98.
4. Walker, G.W.R., J. Dietrich, R. Miller, and K. Kasha. 1963. Recent barley mutants and their linkages II. Genetic data for further mutants. Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 5:200-219.

T.E. Haus. 1975. BGN 5:99.

J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:64.

Stock number: BGS 19
Locus name: Non-blue aleurone xenia 2
Locus symbol: blx2

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Blue aleurone 1= Bl₁, a second factor for blue aleurone (5).
Non-blue aleurone 2 = bl2 (6).

Monofactorial recessive when complementary dominant alleles are present at the Blx1, Blx3, Blx4, and Blx5 loci (1, 2).
Located in chromosome 7HL [1L] (1, 2), approximately 9.9 cM distal from the nud (naked caryopsis) locus (5).

Blue aleurone color is due to anthocyanin pigments (4), which occur as lumps inside many aleurone granules in some or all aleurone cells (1). Variation in blue color expression from dark blue to an off-white is caused by environmental factors and modifying genes (1, 2). Aleurone color is best observed in well filled grain that is magnified to show individual aleurone cells, after more superficial tissues have been peeled off (3).

Natural occurrence in some cultivars of Oriental origin.

blx2.b in Nepal (CIho 595) (5).

blx2.b in Nepal (GSHO 209); blx2.b is likely present in Bowman (PI 483237).

1. Finch, R.A., and E. Simpson. 1978. New colours and complementary colour genes in barley. Z. Pflanzenzücht. 81:40-53.
2. Kushnak, G.D. 1974. Utilizing linkages of genetic male sterile and aleurone color genes in hybrid barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) systems. Ph.D. Thesis. Montana State Univ., Bozeman.
3. Mullick, D.B., and V.C. Brink. 1970. A method for exposing aleurone tissue of barley for color classification. Can. J. Plant Sci. 50:551-558.
4. Mullick, D.B., D.G. Faris, V.C. Brink, and R.M. Acheson. 1958. Anthocyanins and anthocyanidins of the barley pericarp and aleurone tissues. Can. J. Plant Sci. 38:445-456.
5. Myler, J.L., and E.H. Stanford. 1942. Color inheritance in barley. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 34:427-436.
6. Robertson, D.W., G.A. Wiebe, and R.G. Shands. 1947. A summary of linkage studies in barley: Supplement I, 1940-1946. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 39:464-473.

T.E. Haus. 1975. BGN 5:100.

R.A. Finch. 1978. BGN 8:164.
J.D. Franckowiak and R.A. Finch. 1997. BGN 26:65.

Stock number: BGS 20
Locus name: Reaction to barley yellow mosaic virus 2 (BaYMV)
Locus symbol: Rym2

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Resistance to BaYMV 2 = Ym2 (4).

Monofactorial incomplete dominant (4).
Located in chromosome 7HL [1L], approximately 31.4 cM distal from the nud (naked caryopsis) locus (4).

Plants with Rym2.b allele have much less yellowing and stunting than susceptible plants when grown in fields that are infested with BaYMV (2). Also, Mihori Hadaka 3 is resistant to BaYMV, BaYMV-2, and BaMMV in Germany (1, 2).

Natural occurrence in Mihori Hadaka 3 (OUJ373, PI 467403) (4), and other cultivars of Oriental origin (2, 3).

Rym2.b in Mihori Hadaka 3 (4).

Rym2.b in Mihori Hadaka 3 (OUJ373, GSHO 984).

1. Götz, R., and W. Friedt. 1993. Mode of inheritance and genetic diversity of BaMMV resistance of exotic barley germplasms carrying genes different from 'ym4'. Theor. Appl. Genet. 86:229-233.
2. Orden, F., and W. Friedt. 1993. Resistance to the barley yellow mosaic virus complex -- Different genotypic reactions and genetics of BaMMV-resistance of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Plant Breed. 111:125-131.
3. Orden, F., R. Götz, and W. Friedt. 1993. Genetic stocks resistant to barley mosaic viruses (BaMMV, BaYMV, BaYMV-2) in Germany. BGN 22:46-50.
4. Takahashi, R., I. Hayashi, T. Inouye, I. Moriya, and C. Hirao. 1973. Studies on resistance to yellow mosaic disease in barley. I. Tests for varietal reaction and genetic analysis of resistance to the disease. Ber. Ohara Inst. landw. Biol., Okayama Univ. 16:1-17.

R.G. Timian. 1976. BGN 6:117.

T. Konishi and J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:66.

Stock number: BGS 21
Locus name: Reaction to Ustilago nuda 1 (loose smut)
Locus symbol: Run1

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Resistance to Ustilago nuda = Un (3).

Monofactorial dominant (2, 6).
Located in chromosome 7HS [1S] (1, 5), about 2.0 cM proximal from the Rpg1 (reaction to Puccinia graminis 1) locus, about 12.7 cM distal from the wax (waxy endosperm) locus (1, 5), and about 15.1 cM distal from the nud (naked caryopsis) locus (8).

Plants have a dominant gene which controls a resistant reaction to "non-Trebi-attacking" cultures of Ustilago nuda and to cultures capable of infecting the "Jet" type of resistance (7).

Natural occurrence in Trebi (PI 537442) (2, 4).

Run1.a in Trebi (4, 5, 7).

Run1.a in Trebi (GSHO 1324).

1. Andrews, J.E. 1956. Inheritance of reaction to loose smut, Ustilago nuda, and to stem rust, Puccinia graminis tritici, in barley. Can. J. Agric. Sci. 36:356-370.
2. Livingston, J.E. 1942. The inheritance of resistance to Ustilago nuda. Phytopathology 32:451-466.
3. Robertson, D.W., G.A. Wiebe, and R.G. Shands. 1947. A summary of linkage studies in barley: Supplement I, 1940-1946. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 39:464-473.
4. Schaller, C.W. 1949. Inheritance of resistance to loose smut, Ustilago nuda, in barley. Phytopathology 39:959-979.
5. Shands, R.G. 1964. Inheritance and linkage to stem rust and loose smut resistance and starch type in barley. Phytopathology 54:308-316.
6. Skoropad, W.P., and P.V. Johnson. 1952. Inheritance of resistance to Ustilago nuda in barley. Can. J. Bot. 30:525-536.
7. Thomas, P.L. 1974. The occurrence of loose smut of barley on commercially grown cultivars possessing genes for resistance from Jet. Can. J. Plant Sci. 54:453-456.
8. Wells, S.A. 1958. Inheritance of reaction to Ustilago hordei (Pers. Lagerh.) in cultivated barley. Can. J. Plant Sci. 38:45-60.

D.R. Metcalfe and P.L. Thomas. 1976. BGN 6:118.

J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:67.

Stock number: BGS 22
Locus name: Reaction to Schizaphis graminum 1 (greenbug)
Locus symbol: Rsg1

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Greenbug resistance = Grb (5).
Resistance to Schizaphis graminum Rondani (greenbug) = Rsg,,a (3).

Monofactorial dominant (2, 3, 6).
Located in chromosome 7H [1] (4).

Resistant seedlings infested with greenbugs (aphids) are not killed, while susceptible seedlings are killed, eight weeks after infestation by the buildup of the greenbug population (2, 3, 4).

Natural occurrence in Bozu Omugi (OUJ028, PI 87181), Derbent (PI 76504), and Kearney (PI 539126) (1, 3).

Rsg1.a in Bozu Omugi, Derbent, Kearney, Dobaku (PI 87817), and CIho 5087 (PI 82683) (3, 6).

Rsg1.a in Bozu Omugi (GSHO 1317).

1. Atkins, I.M., and R.G. Dahms. 1945. Reaction of small-grain varieties to greenbug attack. USDA Tech. Bull. 901.
2. Gardenshire, J.H. 1965. Inheritance and linkage studies on greenbug resistance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Crop Sci. 5:28-29.
3. Gardenshire, J.H., and H.L. Chada. 1961. Inheritance of greenbug resistance in barley. Crop Sci. 1:349-352.
4. Gardenshire, J.H., N.A. Tuleen, and K.W. Stewart. 1973. Trisomic analysis of greenbug resistance in barley, Hordeum vulgare L. Crop Sci. 13:684-685.
5. Robertson, D.W., G.A. Wiebe, and R.G. Shands. 1955. A summary of linkage studies in cultivated barley, Hordeum species: Supplement II, 1947-1953. Agron. J. 47:418-425.
6. Smith, O.D., A.M. Schlehuber, and B.C. Curtis. 1962. Inheritance studies of greenbug (Toxoptera graminum Rond.) resistance in four varieties of winter barley. Crop Sci. 2:489-491.

J.G. Moseman. 1976. BGN 6:119.

J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:68.

Stock number: BGS 23
Locus name: Winding dwarf
Locus symbol: wnd

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

None.

Monofactorial recessive (1).
Located in chromosome 7HS [1S] (1), over 25.4 cM distal from the dsp1 (dense spike 1) locus (1).

Plants are semidwarf (15 cm shorter than the original cultivar) and have a pronounced coiling or winding of the upper portion of peduncle (1). In the Bowman backcross-derived line, which lacks the gene for dense spike (dsp1.a), very little reduction in plant height is observed. However, plants have a distinct coiling of the upper portion of the peduncle.

A gamma-ray induced mutant in Kogen-mugi (OUJ099, PI 383956) from M Toda (1).

wnd1.a in Kogen-mugi (G754) (1).

wnd1.a in Kogen-mugi (OUM309, GSHO 2499); wnd1.a in Bowman (PI 483237)*7 (GSHO 1832).

1. Takahashi, R., J. Hayashi, T. Konishi, and I. Moriya. 1975. Linkage analysis of barley mutants. BGN 5:56-60.

J.D. Franckowiak and T. Konishi. 1997. BGN 26:69.

Stock number: BGS 24
Locus name: Fragile stem 3
Locus symbol: fst3

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Fragile stem 3 = fs3 (2).

Monofactorial recessive (2).
Located in chromosome 7HS [1S] (2), probably proximal from the dsp1 (dense spike 1) locus based on linkage drag (1).

The leaf and stem characteristics of fst3 plants are similar to those of fst1 plants. Leaves and stems are very fragile and easily broken when slightly bent (2). Plants are about 2/3 normal height when protected in the greenhouse, but in the field plants are weak and are easily damaged by wind.

A spontaneous mutant in Kobinkatagi 4 (OUJ066, PI 190757) (2).

fst3.c in Kobinkatagi 4 (OUM382) (2).

fst3.c in Kobinkatagi 4 (GSHO 1746); fst3.c in Bowman (PI 483237)*5 (GSHO 1842).

1. Franckowiak, J.D. 1995. Notes on linkage drag in Bowman backcross derived lines of spring barley. BGN 24:63-70.
2. Hayashi, J., and I. Moriya. 1985. Trisomic analysis of a fragile stem mutant found in Kobinkatagi 4. BGN 15:47-48.

T. Konishi and J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:70.

Stock number: BGS 25
Locus name: Xantha seedling 1
Locus symbol: Xnt1

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Xantha a = X_a (1).

Monofactorial incomplete dominant (1).
Located in chromosome 7HL [1L] (1), over 35.9 cM distal from the lks2 (short awn 2) locus (1, 4).

Segregation is observed each generation for xantha, chlorina, and green seedlings, but only the last two classes survive to maturity. Chlorina plants have a slightly yellow-green color until near maturity. Crosses to chlorina plants produce chlorina and green F₁ plants in a 1:1 ratio. In the progeny of chlorina plants, xantha, chlorina, and green plants occur in a 1:2:1 ratio (1). Color differences between normal and heterozygous plants are observed in the Xnt1.a2 mutant only prior to heading (3). Mutants at the Xnt1 locus must be maintained as heterozygous stocks.

An ethyl methanesulfonate induced mutant in the cross Akashinriki (OUJ659, PI 467400) X linkage tester 191 (OUL094) (1).

Xnt1.a in the hybrid Akashinriki X linkage tester 191 (OUM215) (1, 4); Xnt1.a2 in translocation stock T6-7d (3); Xnt1.a3 in MC 20 (PI 357319) (2).

Xnt1.a in the hybrid Akashinriki X linkage tester 191 (GSHO 1606); Xnt1.a in Bowman (PI 483237)*7 (GSHO 1862).

1. Konishi, T. 1972. An incomplete dominant chlorophyll mutation on chromosome 1. BGN 2:43-45.
2. Prina, A.R., M. del C. Arias, and M.C. de la Fuente. 1996. A new mutant allele for Xa/xa gene and its use for location of newly induced mutants in the long arm of barley's chromosome 1. BGN 25:31-33.
3. Prina, A.R., and E.A. Favret. 1988. Influence of marker genes on the expression of somatic mutations. J. Hered. 79:371-376.
4. Takahashi, R., J. Hayashi, T. Konishi, and I. Moriya. 1972. Inheritance and linkage studies in barley. V. Locating seven new mutant genes. Ber. Ohara Inst. landw. Biol., Okayama Univ. 15:147-168.

T. Konishi and J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:71.

Stock number: BGS 26
Locus name: Subnodal bract
Locus symbol: snb

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Subnodal bract = sb (2, 3).

Monofactorial recessive (2).
Located in chromosome 7HS [1S] (1, 3), near the centromere (1), about 36.3 cM proximal from the brh1 (brachytic 1) locus (3).

A glume-like or stick-like bract arises immediately under the node-base (below and between the outer glumes) of the central spikelets. The bracts are present at only a few internodes on randomly arranged central spikelets. Not all spikes on affected plants have the extra bract (3).

Natural occurrence in L50-220 (Hordeum sativum var ibericum from Russia) (3).

snb1.a in L50-200 (Alb Acc 67A) (2, 3), a recessive allele at the brh1 locus is present in this stock also (3).

snb1.a in L50-200 (GSHO 1217).

1. Fedak, G., T. Tsuchiya, and S.B. Helgason. 1972. Use of monotelotrisomics for linkage mapping in barley. Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 14:949-957.
2. Walker, G.W., K. Kasha, and R.A. Miller. 1958. Recombination studies in barley. Proc. Genet. Soc. Can. 3:41-43.
3. Walker, G.W.R., J. Dietrich, R. Miller, and K.J. Kasha. 1963. Recent barley mutants and their linkages II. Genetic data for further mutants. Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 5:200-219.

J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:72.

Stock number: BGS 27
Locus name: Long basal rachis internode 3
Locus symbol: lbi3

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Long basal rachis internode 3 = lb3 (1).

Monofactorial recessive (1).
Located in chromosome 7HL [1L] (1), over 20.0 cM distal from the nud (naked caryopsis) locus (1).

Mutant plants in the cultivar Montcalm have a marked elongation and weakness of the basal rachis internode of the spike. This region may be 10 to 13 cm long in some tillers. The spike hangs vertically downward from the collar on emergence from the sheath and is often broken off in this region by the wind. When not broken off, spikes have normal fertility, contain well-filled grain, and show normal maturity (1). Expression of the lbi3.c allele in the Bowman-derived line is limited to a slight elongation of the basal rachis internode and a slightly lax spike.

A gamma-ray induced mutant in Montcalm (CIho 7149) (1).

lbi3.c (Alb Acc 291), lbi3.d (Alb Acc 292), lbi3.e (Alb Acc 293), lbi3.m (Alb Acc 290) in Montcalm (1).

lbi3.c in Montcalm (GSHO 536); lbi3.c in Bowman (PI 483237)*7 (GSHO 1840).

1. Kasha, K.J., and G.W.R. Walker. 1960. Several recent barley mutants and their linkages. Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 2:397-415.

J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:73.

Stock number: BGS 28
Locus name: Erectoides-a
Locus symbol: ert-a

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Erectoides-6 = ert-6 (1).

Monofactorial recessive (3).
Located in chromosome 7HS [1S] (2, 8, 9), about 11.4 cM distal from the cer-f (eceriferum-f) locus (6, 7, 10, 11, 12) and about 11.7 cM distal from the nud (naked caryopsis) locus (6, 7, 9).

Spikes of all alleles have a compact appearance caused by a reduction in rachis internode length, with rachis internode length values from 1.7 to 2.6 mm (9). The ert-a.6 allele produces plants with shorter internodes than most other ert-a alleles. Plants with an allele at the ert-a locus are 10 to 15 cm shorter than parental cultivars (4). The effects of the ert-a mutants on spike density are partially reversed by GA₃ treatments (13, 14). Plants of the Bowman backcross-derived line have the above traits and head 3 to 6 days earlier than Bowman.

An X-ray induced mutant in Gull (CIho 1145, GSHO 466) (3, 4).

ert-a.6, -a.11 in Gull, -a.13 (GSHO 215) in Maja (PI 184884), -a.19, -a.21, -a.23, -a.28 in Bonus (PI 189763), -a.29 in Maja (4); ert-a.36, -a.38, -a.49 in Bonus (2, 3); ert-a.77 in Bonus (3); ert-a.99 in Bonus (5); ert-a.131, -a.147, -a.160h in Bonus (9); ert-a.160l, -a.161 in Bonus (5); ert-a.166 in Bonus, -a.315, -a.316 in Foma (CIho 11333) (9); ert-a.323 in Foma (5); ert-a.334, -a.340a, -a.341, -a.343 in Foma (9); ert-a.348 in Foma (5); ert-a.350, -a.364, -a.368, -a.378, -a.388, -a.406, -a.433, -a.481, -a.494 in Foma (9); ert-a.1180, -a.1187, -a.1193, -a.1197, -a.1203, -a.1210, -a.1219 in Bonus (7).

ert-a.6 in Gull (GSHO 468); ert-a.6 in Bowman (PI 483237)*8 (GSHO 1844).
References:
1. Gustafsson, Å. 1947. Mutations in agricultural plants. Hereditas 33:1-100.
2. Hagberg, A. 1958. Cytogenetik einiger Gerstenmutanten. Züchter 28:32-36.
3. Hagberg, A., Å. Gustafsson, and L. Ehrenberg. 1958. Sparsely contra densely ionizing radiations and the origin of erectoid mutants in barley. Hereditas 44:523-530.
4. Hagberg, A., N. Nybom, and Å. Gustafsson. 1952. Allelism of erectoides mutations in barley. Hereditas 38:510-512.
5. Lundqvist, U. (unpublished).
6. Persson, G. 1969. An attempt to find suitable genetic markers for the dense ear loci in barley I. Hereditas 62:25-96.
7. Persson, G. 1969. An attempt to find suitable genetic markers for the dense ear loci in barley II. Hereditas 63:1-28.
8. Persson, G., and A. Hagberg. 1962. Linkage studies with the erectoides loci. Barley Newsl. 5:46-47.
9. Persson, G., and A. Hagberg. 1969. Induced variation in a quantitative character in barley. Morphology and cytogenetics of erectoides mutants. Hereditas 61:115-178.
10. Søgaard, B. 1971. Linkage studies on eceriferum mutants in barley. BGN 1:41-47.
11. Søgaard, B. 1974. The localization of eceriferum loci in barley. III. Three point tests of genes on chromosome 1 in barley. Hereditas 76:41-48.
12. Søgaard, B. 1977. The localization of eceriferum loci in barley. V. Three point tests of genes on chromosome 1 and 3. Carlsberg Res. Commun. 42:67-75.
13. Stoy, V., and A. Hagberg. 1958. Effects of gibberellic acid on erectoides mutations in barley. Hereditas 44:516-522.
14. Stoy, V., and A. Hagberg. 1967. Effects of growth regulators on ear density mutants in barley. Hereditas 58:359-384.

U. Lundqvist and J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:74-75.

Stock number: BGS 29
Locus name: Erectoides-d
Locus symbol: ert-d

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Erectoides-7 = ert-7 (2).

Monofactorial recessive (2, 3, 11).
Located in chromosome 7HS [1S] (1, 4, 11, 12), near the ert-a (erectoides-a) locus (9, 10), and about 4.5 cM distal from the cer-f (eceriferum-f) locus (13, 14, 15).

Spikes have a compact or semicompact appearance caused by a reduction in rachis internode length, with rachis internode length values from 1.5 to 1.8 mm for mutants of group one and 2.1 to 2.7 mm for mutants in group two (12). Plants with an allele at the ert-d locus can be placed in two plant height groups, but mutants with compact spikes are not all in the short plant height group (12). The ert-d.7 allele is in group two based on rachis internode length and is closely linked to the translocation point (7). Rachis internode length increases following GA₃ treatment of plants that have alleles at the ert-d locus (16).

An X-ray induced mutant in Gull (CIho 1145, GSHO 466) (6).

ert-d.7 (trans) in Gull (2, 6); ert-d.14, -d.15, -d.30h (GSHO 476), -d.30l in Maja (PI 184884) (3, 4); ert-d.33, -d.43, -d.60 in Bonus (PI 189763) (4); ert-d.73 in Bonus (12); ert-d.89 in Bonus (5); ert-d.96, -d.100, -d.123 (trans), -d.129, -d.152, -d.158 in Bonus, -d.307, -d.322, -d.335, -d.338, -d.339, -d.372, -d.375, -d.385a in Foma (CIho 11333) (12); ert-d.404 in Foma (8); ert-d.405, -d.420 in Foma (12).

ert-d.7 in Gull (GSHO 475); ert-d.7 in Bowman (PI 483237)*7 (GSHO 1845).

1. Burnham, C. R., and A. Hagberg. 1956. Cytogenetic notes on chromosomal interchanges in barley. Hereditas 42:467-482.
2. Gustafsson, Å. 1947. Mutations in agricultural plants. Hereditas 33:1-100.
3. Hagberg, A. 1954. Cytogenetic analysis of erectoides mutations in barley. Acta Agric. Scand. 4:472-490.
4. Hagberg, A. 1958. Cytogenetik einiger Gerstenmutanten. Züchter 28:32-36.
5. Hagberg, A., Å. Gustafsson, and L. Ehrenberg. 1958. Sparsely contra densely ionizing radiations and the origin of erectoid mutants in barley. Hereditas 44:523-530.
6. Hagberg, A., N. Nybom, and Å. Gustafsson. 1952. Allelism of erectoides mutations in barley. Hereditas 38:510-512.
7. Hagberg, A., and J. H. Tjio. 1950. Cytological localization of the translocation point for the barley mutant erectoides 7. Hereditas 36:487-491.
8. Lundqvist, U. (unpublished).
9. Persson, G. 1969. An attempt to find suitable genetic markers for the dense ear loci in barley I. Hereditas 62:25-96.
10. Persson, G. 1969. An attempt to find suitable genetic markers for the dense ear loci in barley II. Hereditas 63:1-28.
11. Persson, G., and A. Hagberg. 1962. Linkage studies with the erectoides loci. Barley Newsl. 5:46-47.
12. Persson, G., and A. Hagberg. 1969. Induced variation in a quantitative character in barley. Morphology and cytogenetics of erectoides mutants. Hereditas 61:115-178.
13. Søgaard, B. 1971. Linkage studies on eceriferum mutants in barley. BGN 1:41-47.
14. Søgaard, B. 1974. The localization of eceriferum loci in barley. III. Three point tests of genes on chromosome 1 in barley. Hereditas 76:41-48.
15. Søgaard, B. 1977. The localization of eceriferum loci in barley. V. Three point tests of genes on chromosome 1 and 3. Carlsberg Res. Commun. 42:67-75.
16. Stoy, V., and A. Hagberg. 1967. Effects of growth regulators on ear density mutants in barley. Hereditas 58:359-384.

U. Lundqvist and J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:76-77.

Stock number: BGS 30
Locus name: Erectoides-m
Locus symbol: ert-m

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Erectoides-34 = ert-34 (1, 2).

Monofactorial recessive (1, 2, 8).
Located in chromosome 7HS [1S] (4, 5, 6, 8), about 14.7 cM distal from the cer-f (eceriferum-f) locus (9, 10, 11), and near the ant1 (anthocyanin-less 1) locus (8).

Spikes have a compact appearance caused by a reduction in rachis internode length, with rachis internode length values from 2.0 to 2.8 mm. However, the rachis internodes within each spike are often variable in length, and the spike appears irregular similar to those of opposite spikelet mutants. Plants with an allele at the ert-m locus are often 10 to 15 cm shorter than parental cultivars, and some tillers of most plants have one or more extremely shortened upper internodes (8). Alleles at the ert-m locus respond positively to GA₃ treatments designed to increase rachis internode length (12). Some alleles at the ert-m locus lack normal anthocyanin pigmentation. The anthocyanin deficiency can not be separated from the ert-m allele and is apparently an allele at the ant1 locus (7, 8).

A thermal neutron induced mutant in Bonus (PI 189763) (2, 8).

ert-m.34, -m.35, -m.40, -m.41, -m.42, -m.54, -m.64 in Bonus (2); ert-m.87, -m.107, -m.115, -m.130, -m.144, -m.168, -m.169 in Bonus, -m.314 in Foma (CIho 11333) (8); ert-m.328 in Foma (3); ert-m.330, -m.363, -m.384, -m.426 in Foma (8).

ert-m.34 in Bonus (GSHO 487); ert-m.34 in Bowman (PI 483237)*8 (GSHO 1843).

1. Hagberg, A. 1958. Cytogenetik einiger Gerstenmutanten. Züchter 28:32-36.
2. Hagberg, A., Å. Gustafsson, and L. Ehrenberg. 1958. Sparsely contra densely ionizing radiations and the origin of erectoid mutants in barley. Hereditas 44:523-530.
3. Lundqvist, U. (unpublished).
4. Persson, G. 1969. An attempt to find suitable genetic markers for the dense ear loci in barley I. Hereditas 62:25-96.
5. Persson, G. 1969. An attempt to find suitable genetic markers for the dense ear loci in barley II. Hereditas 63:1-28.
6. Persson, G., and A. Hagberg. 1962. Linkage studies with the erectoides loci. Barley Newsl. 5:46-47.
7. Persson, G., and A. Hagberg. 1964. Linkage data from studies on mutations induced in Bonus barley. Barley Newsl. 7:39-41.
8. Persson, G., and A. Hagberg. 1969. Induced variation in a quantitative character in barley. Morphology and cytogenetics of erectoides mutants. Hereditas 61:115-178.
9. Søgaard, B. 1971. Linkage studies on eceriferum mutants in barley. BGN 1:41-47.
10. Søgaard, B. 1974. The localization of eceriferum loci in barley. III. Three point tests of genes on chromosome 1 in barley. Hereditas 76:41-48.
11. Søgaard, B. 1977. The localization of eceriferum loci in barley. V. Three point tests of genes on chromosome 1 and 3. Carlsberg Res. Commun. 42:67-75.
12. Stoy, V., and A. Hagberg. 1967. Effects of growth regulators on ear density mutants in barley. Hereditas 58:359-384.

U. Lundqvist and J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:78-79.

Stock number: BGS 31
Locus name: Shrunken endosperm xenia 6
Locus symbol: sex6

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

None.

Monofactorial recessive (1).
Located in chromosome 7HS [1S] (3), about 2.8 cM distal from the seg2 (shrunken endosperm 2) locus (2), about 3.1 cM from the centromere (3), and over 45.8 cM proximal from the Est5 (esterase 5) locus (3).

After the hard dough stage, kernels develop a depression in the center of the lemma which becomes progressively more distinct with maturity. The depression is similar in size to that produced by sex1 (shrunken endosperm xenia 1) mutants. The mutant expresses xenia permitting classification of kernels from heterozygous plants as normal or shrunken with an expected 3:1 ratio. Field establishment and growth of mutant plants is normal.

A spontaneous mutant in K6827 (an introduction from Turkey) (1).

sex6.h in K6827 (MK6827) (1).

sex6.h in K6827 (GSHO 2476).

1. Biyashev, R.M., V.P. Netsvetaev, and A.A. Sozinov. 1986. Genetic control of some morphological markers for qualitative and biochemical characters and location of three genetic factors on chromosomes 1 and 5 of barley, Hordeum vulgare L. Sov. Genet. 22:226-232. (Translation of Genetika 22:296-303.)
2. Netsvetaev, V.P. 1990. [Location of a shrunken endosperm gene, sex 6, in barley.] Nauchno-Tekh. Bull' VSGI, Odessa. No. 1 (75):31-35. [In Russian.]
3. Netsvetaev, V.P. 1992. [Use of double ditelosomics for gene location in barley.] Cytology and Genetics (Kiev) 26:26-30. [In Russian.]
4. Netsvetaev, V.P., and I.S. Krestinkov. 1993. Chromosomal position of the superoxide dismutase locus, Sod1 (=Sod B), in barley. BGN 22:44-45.

J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:80.

Stock number: BGS 32
Locus name: Reaction to Puccinia hordei 9 (barley leaf rust)
Locus symbol: Rph9

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Resistance to Puccinia hordei Otth 9 = Pa₉ (1, 5, 6).

Monofactorial dominant (1, 5, 6).
Location is unknown, but about 30.4 cM from the Rph13 (reaction to Puccinia hordei 13) locus (3).

The seedling reaction type ranges from 0; or necrotic fleck (1) to 23- or reduced pustule size (2, 4). The reaction of heterozygotes may be intermediate. The resistant reaction of the Rph9.i allele is temperature sensitive and is inactivated above 20 C (1).

Natural occurrence in Abyssinian (Hor 2596, CIho 1234) (1, 5).

Rph9.i in Abyssinian (1, 5).

Rph9.i in Abyssinian (GSHO 1601); Rph9.i in Bowman (PI 483237)*5 (GSHO 1866).

1. Clifford, B.C., and A.C.C. Udeogalanya. 1976. Hypersensitive resistance of barley to brown rust (Puccinia hordei Otth). p. 27-29. In Proc. 4th Eur. Medit. Cereal Rusts Conf., Interlaken, Switzerland.
2. Golan, T., Y. Anikster, J.G. Moseman, and I. Wahl. 1978. A new virulent strain of Puccinia hordei. Euphytica 27:185-189.
3. Jin, Y., G.H. Cui, B.J. Steffenson, and J.D. Franckowiak. 1996. New leaf rust resistance genes in barley and their allelic and linkage relationships with other Rph genes. Phytopathology 86:887-890.
4. Reinhold, M., and E.L. Sharp. 1982. Virulence types of Puccinia hordei from North America, North Africa and the Middle East. Plant. Dis. 66:1009-1011.
5. Tan, B.H. 1977. A new gene for resistance to Puccinia hordei in certain Ethiopian barleys. Cereal Rust Bull. 5:39-43.
6. Udeogalanya, A.C.C., and B.C. Clifford. 1976. Genetical, physiological and pathological relationships of resistance to Puccinia hordei and P. striiformis in Hordeum vulgare. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 71:279-287.

J.D. Franckowiak and Y. Jin. 1997. BGN 26:81.

Stock number: BGS 33
Locus name: Anthocyanin-less 1
Locus symbol: ant1

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Green stem = rs (1).
Exrubrum-a = rub-a (3).

Monofactorial recessive (1, 4).
Located in chromosome 7HS [1S] (1), near the centromere (2), near the ert-m (erectoides-m) locus (6), and about 15.0 cM distal from the nud (naked caryopsis) locus (1).

When grown under favorable light conditions, red pigmentation of the stem does not occur (1). Anthocyanin pigments are not observed in the stem, auricles, awns, or lemma of ant1 mutants (4). However, slight pigmentation of these plant parts may be observed occasionally in plants homozygous for the normal allele Ant1.a at this locus. Expression of alleles at the ant1 locus is easier to observe at the stem base of seedlings.

Natural occurrence in some cultivars, frequently in those of Oriental origin.

ant1.b (rst1.b) in Manchurian introductions; ant1.1, ant1.2, ant1.4 in Bonus (PI 189763) (4); ant1.56 in Bonus (5).

ant1.1 in Bonus (GSHO 1620); Rst1.a in Goldfoil (PI 5975, GSHO 185) (1, 2); ant1.b in Bowman (PI 483237) from six-rowed Manchurian type cultivars; Rst1.a from Mut 4128 in Bowman*6 (GSHO 1834).

1. Briggs, F.N., and E.H. Stanford. 1943. Linkage relations of the Goldfoil factor for resistance to mildew in barley. J. Agric. Res. 66:1-5.
2. Fedak, G., T. Tsuchiya, and S.B. Helgason. 1972. Use of monotelotrisomics for linkage mapping in barley. Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 14:949-957.
3. Gustafsson, Å., A. Hagberg, U. Lundqvist, and G. Persson. 1969. A proposed system of symbols for the collection of barley mutants at Svalöv. Hereditas 62:409-414.
4. Jende-Strid, B., and U. Lundqvist. 1978. Diallelic tests of anthocyanin-deficient mutants. BGN 8:57-59.
5. Jende-Strid, B. 1984. Coordinator's report: Anthocyanin genes. BGN 14:76-79.
6. Persson, G., and A. Hagberg. 1969. Induced variation in a quantitative character in barley. Morphology and cytogenetics of erectoides mutants. Hereditas 61:115-178.

T.E. Haus. 1975. BGN 5:96 as BGS 15, Red stem, Rs.
Revised:
J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:82.

Stock number: BGS 34
Locus name: Male sterile genetic 50
Locus symbol: msg50

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Male sterile genetic hm = msg,,hm (3).

Monofactorial recessive (2, 3).
Located in chromosome 7HL [1L] (1), about 13.6 cM from the lks2 (short awn 2) locus (1).

Selfing - 0% is reported (3), but occasionally 5 to 10% selfed seed set is observed.
Outcrossing - complete female fertility (3).
Stamens - anthers slightly smaller than fertile sib with filament elongation and stomium (3).

A spontaneous mutant in Maris Mink (PI 467824) (3).

msg50.gh in Maris Mink (MSS435) (1, 3); msg50.hm (MSS466) in Berac (PI 355136) (1, 3).

msg50.hm in Berac (GSHO 2404); msg50.hm in Bowman (PI 483237)*7 (GSHO 1861).

1. Franckowiak, J.D. 1991. Association of male sterility genes with a specific chromosome using multiple marker stocks. BGN 20:31-36.
2. Franckowiak, J.D. 1993. Identification of two additional loci that control genetic male sterility in barley. BGN 22:10-11.
3. Hockett, E. A. 1984. Coordinator's report. The genetic male sterile barley collection. BGN 14:70-75.

J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:83.

Stock number: BGS 35
Locus name: Reaction to barley stripe mosaic virus 1 (BSMV)
Locus symbol: rsm1

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Resistance to barley stripe mosaic virus = sm (2).

Monofactorial recessive (4).
Located in chromosome 7HS [1S] (1, 4), over 24.3 cM distal from the nud (naked caryopsis) locus and over 28.2 cM from the lks2 (short awn 2) locus (4), cosegregation with RFLP marker ABC455 (1).

Reaction to BSMV is estimated as the frequency or percentage of plants infected following inoculation of barley seedlings with a specific strain of BSMV. Highly resistant cultivars produce few or no infected plants 7 to 14 days after inoculation. Most or all seedlings of highly susceptible cultivars produce broad mosaic stripes within 7 days after inoculation (3). Several genes control reaction to BSMV and show additive inheritance patterns (2, 5). The study of progeny from crosses between resistant and moderately susceptible cultivars indicate that one recessive factor controls the frequency of infected plants (1, 4). This gene for reaction to BSMV is assigned the gene symbol rsm1.a.

Natural occurrence in Modjo 1 (CIho 14048) and Moreval (PI 95258) (2, 5).

rsm1.a in Modjo 1 (2, 4, 5).

rsm1.a in Modjo 1; rsm1.a in Morex (CIho 15773, GSHO 2492) (1).

1. Edwards, M.C., and B.J. Steffenson. 1996. Genetics and mapping of barley stripe mosaic virus resistance in barley. Phytopathology 86:184-187.
2. Sisler, W.W., and R.G. Timian. 1956. Inheritance of barley stripe mosaic resistance in Modjo (C.I. 3212) and C.I. 3212-1. Plant. Dis. Rep. 40:1106-1107.
3. Timian. R.G. 1974. The range of symbiosis of barley and barley stripe mosaic virus. Phytopathology 64:342-345.
4. Timian, R.G., and J.D. Franckowiak. 1987. Location of a factor for barley stripe mosaic virus reaction on chromosome 1. BGN 17:79-82.
5. Vasquez, G.G., G.A. Peterson, and R.G. Timian. 1974. Inheritance of barley stripe mosaic reaction in crosses among three barley varieties. Crop Sci. 14:429-432.

J.D. Franckowiak and M.C. Edwards. 1997. BGN 26:84.

Stock number: BGS 36
Locus name: Xantha seedling 4
Locus symbol: xnt4

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Yellow seedling (2).
Xantha seedling c2 = x_c2 (3).

Monofactorial recessive (2).
Located in chromosome 7HL [1L], over 22.0 cM from the centromere using the translocation stock T1-6a as a tester (1).

Seedlings have a yellow color and die at a two to three leaf stage (2). The xnt4.d gene must be maintained as a heterozygous stock.

A spontaneous mutant in Coast (PI 539103) (2).

xnt4.d (x_c2) in Coast (Coast I) (2).

xnt4.d in Coast (GSHO 42).

1. Kramer, H.H., and B.A. Swomley Blander. 1961. Orienting linkage maps on the chromosomes of barley. Crop Sci. 1:339-342.
2. Robertson, D.W., and G.W. Deming. 1930. Genetic studies in barley. J. Hered. 21:283-288.
3. Robertson, D.W., G.A. Wiebe, and F.R. Immer. 1941. A summary of linkage studies in barley. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 33:47-64.

J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:85.

Stock number: BGS 37
Locus name: Xantha seedling 9
Locus symbol: xnt9

Previous nomenclature and gene symbolization:

Albino seedling d = alb,,d (1).
Xantha seedling i = xan,,i (2).

Monofactorial recessive (1, 2).
Located in chromosome 7HL [1L], over 7.4 cM from the msg23 (male sterile genetic 23) locus (2).

Seedlings have a yellow color and die at the two to three leaf stage (1). The xnt9.i gene must be maintained as a heterozygous stock.

A spontaneous mutant in Erbet (CIho 13826) (1).

xnt9.i in Erbet (1).

xnt9.i in Erbet (GSHO 584).

1. Rahman, M.M. 1973. Balanced male sterile-lethals systems for hybrid barley production. Ph.D. Thesis. Montana State Univ., Bozeman.
2. Rahman, M.M., and R.F. Eslick. 1976. Linkage of spontaneous mutant seedling lethal genes with genetic male sterile genes. BGN 6:53-58.

J.D. Franckowiak. 1997. BGN 26:86.