NATIONAL RESEARCH CENTER FOR WHEAT - EMBRAPA
Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Trigo, BR 285, Km 174, Caixa Postal 451, 99001-970, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Cantídio N.A. de Sousa, Leo de J.A. Del Duca, Pedro L. Scheeren, Márcio Sóe Silva, and Alfredo do Nascimento Jr.
BRS Angico was selected from the cross 'PF 87107/2*IAC 13' made in Passo Fundo in 1991. The cross was made with the objective of combining the characteristics of IAC 13, a cultivar released in the states of Sao Paulo and Mato Grosso do Sul, and the better resistance to stem and leaf rusts from PF 87107. Bulked in the F9 as line PF 960198 in 1996 using the pedigree method, BRS Angico was released for cultivation in the state of Rio Grande do Sul in 2002.
BRS Angico is an early cultivar, short to medium in height,
and shows good resistance to lodging. A soft wheat cultivar,
BRS Angico has an alveogram W value of 98 x 10^-4^ J (11 samples).
BRS Angico yielded 3,161 kg/ha based on 41 trials conducted in
the state of Rio Grande do Sul from 1999 to 2001. This yield
represents 10.5 % over the check CEP 27-Missoes.
Leo de J.A. Del Duca, Aroldo G. Linhares, Alfredo do Nascimento
Jr,, Cantídio N.A. de Sousa, Gilberto Cunha, Diego Pegoraro,
Eliana M. Guarienti, Leila M. Costamilan, Maria Imaculada P.M.
Lima, Martha Miranda, Márcio Sóe Silva, Osmar Rodrigues,
Pedro L. Scheeren, and Renato S. Fontaneli.
Seeking to diversify sowing times and cycles, minimize risks,
and promote green cover under a no-till system at early planting
dates, the wheat cultivar BRS Figueira was released in 2002 for
the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Developed by Embrapa Trigo, BRS
Figueira was derived from the backcross 'Coker 762*2/CNT 8' made
in Passo Fundo in 1989, looking for selection of a lateearly
cycle (emergency-heading period longer than the conventional early
cultivars) after early sowing.
BRS Figueira has a semilate cycle and a mid to low stature. The cultivar is resistant to powdery mildew, moderately susceptible to leaf rust and glume blotch, susceptible to WSBMV, and resistant to soil aluminum toxicity. In double-purpose trials (forage and grain production) sown in Rio Grande do Sul (Passo Fundo, Cruz Alta, São Borja, Uruguaiana, and Vacaria) between 1999-2001, BRS Figueira produced 1,407 kg/ha of dry matter, 35 % greater than the production of the common black oat (dry matter check). In this period, grain-yield averages were 3,582 kg/ha and 2,651 kg/ha in the treatments without and with one clipping, respectively, 28 % better in both treatments than the average of the two better, early checks (among BR 23, CEP 24, and CEP 27). BRS Figueira is classified as a soft wheat with uses for cookies, sweet shop products, fresh pasta, in mixes with strong wheat for bread, and/or domestic use.
Leo J.A. Del Duca and Eliana M. Guarienti.
Considerations regarding Brazilian wheat production and consumption were previously reported (Ann Wheat Newslet 48:35-7, 2002). With the elevated price of imported wheat and a shortage of the product in the internal market, mainly due to the crop frustration, Brazilian prices increased 46 % in 3 months. Analysis of the national supply indicates that imports for 2003 could reach 7.3 x 10^6^ tons, representing an expenditure of 1.3 x 10^9^ USD. Thus, the wheat sector, several representative entities, and different government levels directly related to agribusiness are contemplating how to stimulate an increase in wheat-growing area for the next 5 years. A plan is being formulated by the development of the Wheat Chain. With those measures, and considering a exchange stability, the expectation is that the price will remain high, favoring a significant increase in the wheat area (AC Jacobina, http://www.conab.gov.br). In 2002, adverse climactic conditions faced by the wheat crop, most notedly in the state of Paraná, were responsible for the fall in the projected Brazilian wheat production (initially in 4 x 106 tons). Production estimates are for an increase for the 2003 crop, which could reach 4.5 x 10^6^ tons (Table 1). High prices this year and the delay of soybean sowing in some areas are two factors that should determine an increase in the wheat-cropping area. However, that scenario depends on the climate, which in the last 2 years has been adverse because of droughts and frosts mainly in Paraná. This Brazilian state is responsible for 55 % of the Brazilian wheat-growing area (http://www.conab.gov.br). On the other hand, Rio Grande do Sul, the second state in terms of wheat-growing area, registered excessive rainfall with negative consequences represented by plant disease and grain-quality damage.
| State | Production (1,000 t) | Grain yield (kg/ha) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2001-02 | 2002-03 | 2001-02 | 2002-03 | |
| Parana | 1,621.6 | 2,426.4 | 1,435 | 1,970 |
| Santa Catarina | 82.2 | 115.9 | 1,550 | 1,900 |
| Rio Grande do Sul | 977.6 | 1,600.2 | 1,300 | 1,900 |
| Total for southern Brazil | 2,681.4 | 4,142.5 | 1,386 | 1,940 |
| Minas Gerais | 26.7 | 45.4 | 4,450 | 4,450 |
| Sao Paulo | 59.5 | 75.6 | 1,700 | 1,800 |
| Total for southeast Brazil | 86.2 | 121.0 | 2,102 | 2,318 |
| Mato Grosso do Sul | 78.8 | 191.5 | 860 | 1,850 |
| Goias | 45.1 | 42.8 | 2,200 | 1,830 |
| Distrito Federal | 2.3 | 2.3 | 4,535 | 4,535 |
| Total for westcentral Brazil | 126.2 | 236.6 | 1,121 | 1,857 |
| Total for all Brazil | 2,893.8 | 4,500.1 | 1,386 | 1,944 |
Leo J.A. Del Duca and Eliana M. Guarienti.
During the 2000-01 wheat seasons in Brazil, 21 cultivars made
up more than 1 % of the total seed available (Table 2). Information
on the pedigree and industrial quality of the cultivars is provided.
| Rank | Cultivar | Cross | Seed (t) | % | Quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | BRS 49 | BR 35/PF 83619//PF 858/PF 8550 | 22,941.36 | 14.13 | bread |
| 2 | IAPAR 78 | VEE SIB/BOW SIB | 14,134.45 | 8.71 | bread |
| 3 | Rubi | PF 869107/KL H 3450 C 3131 | 11,243.90 | 6.93 | bread |
| 4 | IAPAR 53 | Sulino/IA 7929 | 10,384.40 | 6.40 | bread |
| 5 | CEP 24-Industrial | BR 3/CEP 7887//CEP 7775/CEP 11 | 10,190.99 | 6.28 | bread |
| 6 | OR 1 | Embrapa 27/Bagula SIB | 9,591.80 | 5.91 | bread |
| 7 | CEP 27-Missões | CEP 8057/Butuí//CEP 8324 | 9,481.40 | 5.84 | soft |
| 8 | BR 18-Terena | D6301/NAI60//W/RM/3/CIA*2/CHR=ALD45 SEL | 8,603.53 | 5.30 | bread |
| 9 | FUNDACEP 30 | BR 32/CEP 21//CNO 79 | 6,336.02 | 3.90 | soft |
| 10 | Trigo BR 23 | CC/ALD SIB/3/IAS 54-20/COP//CNT 8 | 6,010.28 | 3.70 | soft |
| 11 | CD 104 | PFAU SIB/IAPAR 17 | 4,798.90 | 2.96 | strong |
| 12 | BRS 120 | PF 83899/PF 813//F 27141 | 4,270.57 | 2.63 | soft |
| 13 | BRS 179 | BR 35/PF 8596/3/PF 772003*2/PF 813//PF 83899 | 4,051.57 | 2.50 | soft |
| 14 | Granito | PF 869107/KL H 3450 C 3131 | 3,699.21 | 2.28 | bread |
| 15 | FUNDACEP 31 | BR 8//PVN/ANI SIB | 3,519.42 | 2.17 | bread |
| 16 | FUNDACEP 32 | CEP 85155/3/CEP 7780*2//H499.71A/4*JUP 73/4/BR 23 | 3,094.46 | 1.91 | soft |
| 17 | FUNDACEP 29 | BR 23/CEP 8423//BUC SIB | 2,894.37 | 1.78 | bread |
| 18 | BRS 119 | PF 82252/BR 35//IAPAR 17/PF 8550 | 2,711.90 | 1.67 | bread |
| 19 | Alcover | Ocepar 16/Embrapa 27//Ocepar 16 | 1,820.75 | 1.12 | bread |
| 20 | EMBRAPA 16 | HHN/CNT 7//AMI/CNT 7 | 1,722.40 | 1.06 | bread |
| 21 | EMBRAPA 40 | PF 7650/NS 18-78//CNT 8/PF 7577 |
1,706.34 |
1.05 | bread |
| Range | 19,153.22 | 11.80 | |||
| Total | 162,361.20 | 100.00 |
Considering the industrial quality of these 21 cultivars, only seven are classified as soft wheats (CEP 27-Missoes, FUNDACEP 30, FUNDACEP 32, Trigo BR 23, BRS 120, BRS 179, and FUNDACEP 32). The remaining genotypes, including CD 104 (strong gluten), are considered of good bread-making quality.
Seed production in all Brazilian states was from eight (59.5 %) out of 63 wheat cultivars including BRS 49, IAPAR 78, Rubi, IAPAR 53, CEP 24, OR 1, CEP 27, and BR 18 (each cultivar with more than 5 % of the total seed available).
Larger cultivar diversification is desirable, considering the size of the Brazilian wheat-cropping area in 200001 (1.59 million ha) and the great ecological diversity. The Brazilian wheat crop depends greatly on the climatic variation, which can cause crop failure in one of every 3-4 years (FNP Consultoria & Trade Ltda, Agrianual 2002). Thus, genotype diversification could contribute to reduce risks.
The states of Parana and Rio Grande do Sul are responsible for most Brazilian wheat production. These states have a large number of growing conditions, such as rainfed or irrigated fields, the presence or absence of aluminum toxicity in the soil, and high or low soil fertility levels. The most important wheat cultivars of each state are listed in Table 3, with additional information regarding the cross that originated the genotype and its industrial-quality classification. Similar to the 1999-2000 season, BRS 49 was the most widely adopted Brazilian wheat cultivar, having an outstanding percentage of the production area in the three southern states (Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, and Parana).
| State | Cultivar name | Cross | Quality | Availability | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RS | CEP27-Missões | CEP 8057/Butuí//CEP 8324 | soft | 9,010.40 | 11.94 |
| Rubi | PF 869107/KL H 3450 C 3131 | bread | 8,710.15 | 11.54 | |
| BRS 49 | BR 35/PF 83619//PF 858/PF 8550 | bread | 8,163.86 | 10.82 | |
| SC | BRS 49 | BR 35/PF 83619//PF 858/PF 8550 | bread | 2,178.95 | 31.06 |
| Rubi | PF 869107/KL H 3450 C 3131 | bread | 1,500.35 | 21.39 | |
| BRS 119 | PF 82252/BR 35//IAPAR 17/PF 8550 | bread | 734.80 | 10.48 | |
| PR | IAPAR 78 | VEE SIB/BOW SIB | bread | 14,134.45 | 18.88 |
| BRS 49 | BR 35/PF 83619//PF 858/PF 8550 | bread | 12,591.05 | 16.82 | |
| IAPAR 53 | Sulino/IA 7929 | bread | 10,076.40 | 13.46 | |
| SP | IAC 24Tucurui | IAS 51/IRN 597-70 | strong | 1,428.00 | 53.30 |
| IAC 350Goiapa | 2109-36/SERI | bread | 690.00 | 25.75 | |
| BR 18Terena | D6301/NAI60//W/RM/3/CIA*2/CHR=ALD45SEL | bread | 561.38 | 20.95 | |
| MS | BR 18Terena | D6301/NAI60//W/RM/3/CIA*2/CHR=ALD45SEL | bread | 5,414.95 | 87.52 |
| IAPAR 53 | Sulino/IA 7929 | bread | 308.00 | 4.98 | |
| BR 40Tuiuca | ANA 75/HUAC SIB | strong | 235.17 | 3.80 | |
| MG | BRS 207 | SERI 82/PF 813 | bread | 209.85 | 32.03 |
| IAC 350Goiapa | 2109-36/SERI | bread | 180.00 | 27.48 | |
| IAC 289-Marrua | VEE 5 | bread | 142.50 | 21.75 |