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Contents Chapter Page 1. The Command and the War, January 1968 Command, Forces, and Allies The Enemy and the War A Shifting Policy 2. Prelude to Tet: Warnings and Preparations The Enemy Plans an Offensive Warnings and Preparations Command Problems in I Corps Final Preliminaries How Much of a Surprise? 3. Tet and Its Aftermath Regaining Control I Corps: MACV Versus the Marines Losing the Battle of Perceptions Reinforcement Request and Policy Decision A War Lost in the Mind 4. General Abrams Takes Charge General Westmoreland Departs Continuing the Fight Building Up the RVNAF The Paris Talks and the Bombing Halt ¿One War¿: The Abrams Approach 5. Redeployment and Vietnamization Nixon Sets His Course Redeployment Planning Begins: NSSM 36 Raising the Stakes in Vietnamization Redeployment Accelerates Implementing the Withdrawals A Rear Guard Action 6. MACV Headquarters: The Drawdown Command Relationships under Abrams Changes in MACV Headquarters MACV Intelligence: A Mature Capability Reducing the Command Structure Chapter Page 7. Seasons of Scandal MACV and the Media: A Breakdown of Relations Scandals Proliferate The Impact of My Lai Race, Drugs, and Discipline 8. South Vietnam: Waging the One War The Enemy Return to Protracted War A Change of Mission for MACV Military Operations, 1969¿1971 Pacification A Self-Defending South Vietnam? An Appearance of Success 9. Across the Borders: Cambodia The Situation in Early 1969 MENU and PRUNING KNIFE Into Cambodia Aiding the Cambodians Cambodia Balance Sheet 10. Across and Borders: Laos and North Vietnam More Bombs over Laos, 1969¿1970 ¿Protective Reaction¿ over North Vietnam The 1971 Dry Season Offensive Cross-Border Operations Continue 11. The Easter Offensive A War in the Balance Bracing for the Blow Attack and Counterattack Redeployments and Reorganization The Blow Parried 12. The Final Phasedown Peace Nearly at Hand Preparing for a Cease-Fire The Final Drawdown Epilogue: The Fall of a Nation Chapter Page 13. Conclusion: MACV in Retrospect The Strategy The Generals Command and Control The South Vietnamese Final Judgments Bibliographical Note Glossary Index¿TBD Table U.S. Troop Redeployments Charts No. 1. Organization of MACV Headquarters, 1967 2. Proposed Vietnam Assistance Command Organization, 1971 Maps No. 1. Indochina: 1968 2. Tet Offensive: 1968 3. Cambodian Incursion: May¿June 1970 4. Lam Son 719: February 1971 5. Easter Offensive: March¿May 1972 Illustrations General Westmoreland Greets Secretary of Defense McNamara and Ambassador Bunker on Arrival in Saigon, July 1967. Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara Briefs the Press. General Earle G. Wheeler Aerial View of MACV Headquarters at Tan Son Nhut Viet Cong Troops Equip Themselves with AK47¿s and U.S.-type radios. President Johnson and His Advisers at the White House North Vietnamese Communist Leaders and Government Officials Arrive for an Official Visit in Peking. The Battle for Dak To Peaked with a Costly Attack by the 4th Battalion, 173d Airborne Brigade. Aerial View of the Base at Khe Sanh Page Lt. Gen. Frederick C. Weyand Viet Cong Attack Bachelor Officers Quarters in Saigon Westmoreland Tours the Embassy, 31 January 1968. Aftermath of Viet Cong Attack on Saigon President Johnson Reviewing the Relief Map of Khe Sanh Lt. Gen. William B. Rosson Accompanied by Lt. Col. Hugh J. Bartley Secretary of Defense Clark M. Clifford and Presidential Adviser Walt W. Rostow An F¿4B Phantom of Marine Attack Squadron 542 Completes a Bombing Run. President Johnson Meets with His ¿Wise Men.¿ Korean Troops Parade at General Westmoreland¿s Farewell. Lt. Gen. Richard Stilwell, Commanding General, XXIV Corps, Escorts General Andrew Goodpaster, Deputy Commander, MACV, through Provisional Corps, Vietnam, Headquarters. A View of Mud Ramps with Enemy Rockets in Position U.S. Soldier Trains Members of Platoon 186 of the Popular Forces on How To Fire the M16 rifle. President Richard M. Nixon with Henry Kissinger General Earl G. Wheeler, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff; General Creighton W. Abrams, Commanding General, MACV; and Secretary of Defense Melvin R. Laird President Nguyen Van Thieu of South Vietnam and President Nixon Meet at Conference at Midway Island. First U.S. Marines Leave Vietnam under President Nixon¿s Withdrawal Program. South Vietnamese President Thieu Meets with His Troops. A Self-Propelled 155-mm. Howitzer Backs onto the Ramp of the Landing Ship Tank Pitkin County (LST 1082) at Da Nang. Maj. Gen. John Norton and General Creighton W. Abrams William E. Colby Admiral John McCain, Jr., with General Creighton Abrams Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Elmo R. Zumwalt, Jr. General Abrams with General Cao Van Vien Admiral Thomas H. Moorer and President Nixon Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird, Vice President Spiro Agnew, President-elect Nixon, and Secretary of State William Rogers Sgt. Maj. William O. Wooldridge Col. Robert B. Rheault, 5th Special Forces Group Commander, and His Men at a Press Conference Lt. Gen. William R. Peers A Soldier Wearing Long Hair, Love Beads, and Peace Tattoo Troops Charge at Hamburger Hill. Maj. Gen. Melvin Zais Is Greeted by a Fellow Officer. The Joint Chiefs of Staff Meeting with President Nixon and Members of His Staff at the White House. A Flight of Four U.S. Air Force C¿123s Spray Defoliant during Operation RANCH HAND. Lon Nol and Sirik Matak in Cambodia Page Armored Personnel Carriers and M48 Battle Tanks Blast Away with .50-Caliber Machine Guns during the Allied Sweep into Cambodia. Lt. Gen. Arthur S. Collins Cambodian War Booty Ambassador G. McMurtrie Godley An Air Force F¿4 Phantom Flies Over the Carrier Midway Off the Coast of North Vietnam. Lt. Gen. Hoang Xuan Lam with President Thieu Col. Robert Leonard A 175-mm. Self-Propelled Gun Fires at Enemy Targets in Laos. North Vietnamese Tanks and Artillery General John D. Lavelle Assumes Command of 7th Air Force General John W. Vogt A U.S. Navy A¿7 Pulls Away from a Strike on the Hai Duong Railway Bridge in North Vietnam. An Enemy T¿54 Tank Burns in An Loc, Binh Long Province, South Vietnam. General Frederick C. Weyand Is Named Army Chief of Staff after Serving as COMUSMACV. Henry Kissinger and Le Duc Tho Maj. Gen. Gilbert H. Woodward The Colors of the Military Assistance Command, Vietnam, Were Officially Retired, March 29, during a Deactivation Ceremony. South Vietnamese Soldiers Help the Wounded Leave the Embattled Town of Xuan Loc. Vietnamese Refugees Line Up on the Deck of the USS Hancock for Processing Following Evacuation from Saigon. Vietnamese Refugees Crowd the Decks of the U.S. Merchant Ship Pioneer Contender. Aerial View of MACV Headquarters on Fire. Illustrations courtesy of the following sources: cover and pp. __, Name of Source; pp. ___, U.S. Army Center of Military History, Washington, D.C.; National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), Washington, D.C.; p. __, China Pictorial; pp. __, Lyndon Baines Johnson Library, Austin, Texas; p. __, Tim Page/CORBIS; pp. __, Bettmann/COBRIS; p. __, Naval Historical Center; p. __, Nixon Papers, NARA; p. __ UPI/CORBIS; p. __, Hulton-Deutsch Collection/CORBIS, p. __, Francoise de Mulder/CORBIS; p. __, U.S. Military History Institute; p. __, Getty Images; p. __, U.S. Navy; p. __, Nik Wheeler/CORBIS. All other illustrations from the files of Department of Defense or U.S. Army.
Library of Congress Subject Headings for this publication:
Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- United States.
United States. Military Assistance Command, Vietnam -- History.
Command of troops.
Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- Peace.