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CFSAN/Office of Compliance
March 2, 2004
The figure includes two diagrams, one a perspective view the other a longitudinal cross section.
The perspective view shows a cow in a cow trainer standing on a rubber cow mat. Behind the cow is the gravity flow gutter with a grate over it.
The cross section shows the sides and bottom of a gravity flow gutter and cross channel, the grate, the overflow dam at the end of the gutter, the liquid layer retained by the dam, and the surface of the manure in the gutter. The manure surface is above the level of the overflow dam and slopes 1-3% toward the dam. The cross channel has a 2" minimum depth of manure. Manure incline plus dam height (6" typical) +3" grates
Cross section showing a series of three steps in a gravity flow gutter leading down to a Cross Channel or pipe. Depth of the first step is 23-38" depending on length to first dam, and typical length to first dam is 40"-80". See tables 7 and 8 for recommended dimensions of step height vs. length and depth vs. length. See the following section on construction for more details.
Beside the grate is the Cow Mat. The grate is made of 5/8" smooth steel rods or square stock approximately 2 1/4 " O.C. The rods or square stock are supported by 3/8 x 1 3/4 " support bars, space 18" O.C. On one side of the grate is a 2" continuous slot that is 2" deep. On the other side of the grate is a 1 1/2 x 2 1/2 x 3/16 " angle. Below the grate is the dam. It is recommended that the gutter be 30" across. See the following section on construction for more details.
Cross section showing manure transfer to storage using a 24" diameter pipe. The grates, floor, and barn wall are shown at the top of the diagram. Channels are shown leading straight down from the grates to the pipe. The pipe runs diagonally from channels to the bottom of the manure storage pit. The manure storage pit is loaded from the bottom up. The maximum level of the pit must be a minimum of 4' below the level of the gutters.
Cross section of a convalescent pen demonstrating the layering underneath the floor of the pen. The bottom layer of the cross section is a soil base. On top of the soil base is a 3" layer of crushed rock or Aglime. Above this layer is a 9" layer of sand. Straw bedding is placed on top of the sand. There is a concrete apron beside the pen and a 15 centimeter (6 inch) curb on all exposed sides of the pen.
Along one side of the barn is a a manually adjustable slot inlet that may be adjusted manually from 1" for cold weather to 3" for warm weather. On the opposite side of the barn is a continuous slot inlet of 1" except 10' above the wall fans. Evenly spaced along this wall are two fan houses each of which hold 2 cold weather fans exhausting from the manure pit. One of these fans must operate continuously. Also evenly spaced along this wall are the Manure Agitation and Pumpout Stations with removable covers as necessary. (Warm weather fans are spaced along this wall as necessary.)
Cross section of a Bored Well with Driven Well Point and surrounding ground layers. Above ground, on top of thewell casing, is a pump unit with an outlet pipe going to the right. Between the pump unit and thewell casing is a Sanitary Well Seal. On the ground surrounding the well is a Reinforced Concrete Cover Slab Sloped Away from the Pump to a Cobbled Drain area. Underneath the Concrete Cover Slab is a layer of Reinforcing Steel. The well casing is surrounded by a Grout Seal from the Reinforcing Steel to a depth of 10 feet minimum. The depth of the grout seal is shown as extending through the Surface Soil layer and into the Clay layer past the Artesian Pressure Surface or Piezometric Surface. An Ejector and Foot Valve are shown as inside the well casing below the level of the Artesian Pressure Surface or Piezometric Surface and above the Sandy Clay layer. Inside the well casing a Packer is shown at the interface between the Sandy Clay layer and the layer of Water-Bearing Sand. The well Casing ends at this interface. A Well Point extends beyond the well Casing into the Water-Bearing Sand layer.
Cross section of a Drilled Well with a Submersible Pump and surrounding ground layers. The well is capped with a Sanitary Well Seal. There are 3 tapped openings in the well seal: The largest in the center of the seal is the Discharge Line that is connected to the Submersible Pump. On one side of the Discharge Line there is a self-draining Air Vent that has been capped with a Pipe Plug and has as its opening an overlapping and downward flange. On the other side of the Discharge Line is a smaller opening for a line that emerges from the Well Seal and joins to an underground Connection to a Source of Power.
The Ground Surface is Sloped to Drain Away from the Well. The well casing is surrounded by a Cement Grout Formation Seal. The depth of the Cement Grout Formation Seal is shown as extending from the surface through the Top Soil layer and into the Clay layer. The Cement Grout Formation Seal extends past the Artesian Pressure Surface or Piezometric Surface and the Dynamic (Pumping) Water Level in the Clay layer. A Submersible Pump is shown inside the well casing below the Dynamic (Pumping) Water Level and above the Water-Bearing Sand layer. The Packer is shown at the interface between the Clay layer and the layer of Water-Bearing Sand. The well casing ends in a Drive Shoe in the Water-Bearing Sand layer. A Screen extends beyond the Drive Shoe into the Water-Bearing Sand layer.
Cross section of a Dug Well with Two-Pipe Jet Pump Installation and surrounding ground layers. Above ground, on top of the casing is a pump unit with an outlet pipe going to the right. Between the pump unit and the well is a Sanitary Well Seal. On the ground surrounding the well is a Reinforced Concrete Cover Slab Sloped Away from the Pump to a Cobbled Drain area. The Precast Concrete Pipe well is surrounded by a Grout Seal from the Concrete Cover Slab to a depth of 10 feet minimum and a thickness of 6 inches minimum. The depth of the Grout Seal is shown as extending through the Surface Soil layer and into the Clay layer and ending at the interface of the Clay layer and the Water-Bearing Gravel layer. Inside the well, the Water Level is shown to be at the same depth as the interface between the Clay layer and the Water-Bearing Gravel layer. Inside the well, 2 pipes extend down from the Sanitary Well seal. Above the water level one pipe has an Ejector. Just below the Ejector and above the Water Level the two pipes join. Below the Water Level the pipe has a Foot Valve and ends with an Intake Strainer. The Precast Concrete Pipe well extends past the Intake Strainer and the bottom is packed with Crushed Rock. Arrows pointing from the surrounding Water-Bea ring Gravel layer toward the Crushed Rock at the bottom of the well indicate the direction of water flow. There is a Note: Pump screen to be placed below point of maximum draw-down.
Cross section of a Pumphouse, the well inside it and surrounding ground layers. The Pumphouse sits above ground level with the ground sloping away from it in all directions. The floor of the Pumphouse is Reinforced Concrete 4 inches thick minimum and slopes away from the Pump Unit in the center to gutters along the walls.
The Roof and Walls of the Pumphouse are Removable. The area in the walls between the Studs and the Sheeting and Siding is filled with insulation. The area in the Roof between the Rafters and the Shingles and Sheathing is filled with insulation. The left hand wall of the Pumphouse has an opening for Ventilation.
In the top right hand corner of the Pumphouse there is a Heat Lamp. Below the Heat Lamp on the right wall of the Pumphouse is a Control Box. On the floor Below the Control Box is a Chlorine Jar. A tube leads up from the Chlorine Jar to an Automatic Chlorinator on a shelf. A tube leads from the Automatic Chlorinator to the well casing below the Sanitary Well Seal. The well casing comes up through the middle of the Pumphouse. It is capped by a Sanitary Well Seal and a Pump Unit is above it. A pipe extends to the left from the Pump Unit to a Pressure Tank. There is a gauge on this pipe. A pipe extends downward from the Pressure Tank through the floor of the Pumphouse. It is covered with a Protective Casing until it extends past the Frost Line. At this point the pipe bends and goes to the left 'To House'.
The well extends downward from the middle of the Pumphouse. The well casing is surrounded by a Grout Seal from the surface to a depth of 10 feet minimum. The depth of the grout seal is shown as extending through the Surface Soil layer and into the Clay layer past the Frost Line. At the interface between the Clay layer and the Water Bearing Sand or Gravel layer, the well Casing ends in a Casing Shoe. Inside the Well Casing there is a Lead Packer Expanded. Extending down into the Water Bearing Sand or Gravel layer is a Well Screen ending in a Closed Bail Bottom.
An overhead plan and a side cross section of a spring encasement. Plan: The tank is shown as a large square with thick walls. The opening in the top of the tank is shown as a dotted line square in the lower left hand corner. Three pipes extend to the left from the tank. An Overflow Pipe ends in a gravel area. A pipe To Storage has a Valve and Box assembly outside the tank. A pipe Cleanout Drain leads from a Screened Drain in the tank. It also has a Valve and Box assembly outside the tank. One large pipe extends to the right from the tank. It is joined to a perpendicular Perforated Pipe. Further to the right parallel to the Perforated Pipe is a Surface Water Diversion Ditch. Further to the right is a Fence.
Elevation: The tank is completely underground passing through the Clay layer into the Water-Bearing Gravel layer. Only the opening in the top of the tank is above ground. The opening is covered with a lid that overlaps the edges of the opening by a minimum of 2 inches. The lid is equipped with a lock. Steps in the left hand tank wall go from the opening in the top to the bottom of the tank. The joints between the tank walls and floor have Water Stops.
Three pipes extend from the left hand tank wall. Near the top of the tank at the Maximum Water Level is the Overflow pipe. The ground to the left of the tank slopes downward so the Overflow pipe extends through the surface. The Overflow pipe has a screened downward flange as it's opening. It empties onto a gravel area. 1/4 of the way from the bottom of the tank is the screened inlet to a pipe labeled To Storage. This pipe passes through a Valve and Box assembly outside the tank with a telescoping joint that reaches to the surface. After passing through the Valve and box assembly the pipe bends at a 45 degree angle downwards.
At the bottom left corner of the tank is a Screened Drain. The floor of the tank is slightly sloped toward the drain. The Screened Drain is attached to a pipe labeled Cleanout Drain. This pipe passes through a Valve and Box assembly with a telescoping joint that reaches to the surface.
2/3 of the way up the right hand side of the tank is a thick pipe that angles slightly upward. It extends into the Water-Bearing Gravel layer to join with a perpendicular Perforated Pipe. On the ground surface a minimum of 10 feet to the right of the Perforated Pipe is a Surface Water Diversion Ditch. Further to the right is a Fence.
Overhead view and side cross section of a pond intake system. Two inset figures of an Inlet Screen and a Gate Valve.
A. Plan (overall). Overhead view shows a topographical map of a pond and the ground to the right of the pond. The pond is surrounded by a fence. A dotted line designating a Spillway is shown on the ground to the right of the pond. A square representing the inlet screen is in the middle of the pond. It is connected to the shore by a dotted line. This line continues as a solid line across the ground to the right of the pond. The line splits. One branch has an arrow labeled 'To Livestock Use' the other branch goes left to right through a box labeled Sand Filter, then a box labeled Storage and Disinfection and ends in an arrow labeled Domestic Use. A dotted line with an 'A' at either end shows the area depicted in the side cross section. The dotted line runs from the middle of the pond to the middle of the ground shown to the right of the pond.
B. Section A-A. A side cross section of a pond intake system. On the left side of the image is the pond. The ground to the right of the Pond is seen as a hill on top of 'Existing Ground'. The Existing Ground is the same level as the bottom of the pond. A Screen Inlet is suspended in the pond 12 to 18 inches below the surface by being attached to both a Float and an Anchor. The Screen Inlet is attached to a Flexible Pipe that enters the embankment just above the level of the bottom of the pond and the Existing Ground.
The ground to the right of the Pond looks like a hill. A trapezoid shaped area in its center approximately 1/3 the width of the hill base is labeled as the Core. The side of the hill toward the pond is a Compacted Embankment. The water level of the pond reaches 3/4 of the way up the side of the hill. Above the water level there is a dotted line across the hill labeled 'Spillway Level'. Just above the Spillway Level is the Maximum Flood Water Level. The distance between the Maximum Flood Water Level and the top of the hill embankment is indicated as a Freeboard as Specified by the Engineer.
The Flexible Pipe attached to the Screen Inlet enters the embankment just above the level of the bottom of the pond and the Existing Ground. The pipe slopes slowly downward as it goes to the right through the embankment. The pipe has three Anti-Seepage Collars around it spaced evenly along its length as it travels through the embankment. On the other side of the embankment it is shown as just below the level of the Existing Ground. There is a Gate Valve with a Valve Box on the pipe that is shown in an inset. An arrow pointing from the pipe towards the right, away from the pond, is labeled Outlet.
C. Inset of an Inlet Screen: a rectangular outer screen surrounds a 1/4 inch inner Screen. The space between them is filled with Fiber Glass. The inner screen is attached to a flexible pipe and an arrow pointing away from the screen down the pipe shows the direction of water Intake.
D. Insert of a Gate Valve: Section of pipe showing a Gate Valve placed below the frost line. Above the Gate Valve at surface level is a Valve Box.
From left to right, a cross section of the water's path from the Water Source through the Coagulation and Sedimentation Chamber, a Filter, a Clear Well and into a Pump House.
An underground pipe To the Water Source begins on the left side of the image. A Hand Valve extends above ground between the Water Source and the Filtering Unit. The filtering Unit is shown as a rectangular chamber mostly underground but extending above ground 1 foot. It is covered by a Reinforced Concrete Top with a lip that comes down over the side of the unit. The unit is divided by a low vertical wall into two parts: the Coagulation and Sedimentation Chamber and the Filtration Unit. The pipe from the Water Source enters the Coagulation and Sedimentation Chamber from the bottom. The pipe extends upwards to the top of the unit and curves over so the water enters at the top of the Coagulation and Sedimentation Chamber but below the level of the wall that divides the Coagulation and Sedimentation Chamber from the Filtration Unit. At the top of the Coagulation and Sedimentation Chamber is a Float Valve for the pipe to the chamber and an Alum Feeder. Water enters the Filtration Unit when it rises above the level of the low wall dividing the two chambers. The Filtration Unit is filled with Washed River Sand Screened Through 1/8 inch Sieve. Arrows pointing downward in the Filtration Unit show the direction of water flow. An underground pipe leads from the bottom of the Filtration unit to the Clear Well. A Hand Valve extends above ground between the Filtration Unit and the Clear Well. The Clear Well is also shown as a rectangular chamber mostly underground but extending above ground 1 foot. There is an opening in the middle of the Reinforced Concrete Top. It is covered by a Reinforced Concrete Cover with a lip that comes down over the side of the opening. Underground Concentric Piping With Outer Pipe Under System Pressure leads from the Clear Well to the Automatic Jet Pump in the Pump House. Inside the Pump House the water flow goes from the Automatic Jet Pump through the Automatic Chlorinator then through the Pressure Tank. A pipe from the Pressure Tank leaves the Pump House underground Below the Frost Line to bring the final Purified Water To the House.
A side cross section of a suggested design for a cistern of reinforced concrete and the building to the right of it. There is also a detailed inset figure of a Sand filter.
The Reservoir is completely underground. Only the top of the Reservoir is above ground. The opening in the top is covered with a Manhole Cover that overlaps the edges of the opening by a minimum of 2 inches.
Two pipes extend to the left from the tank. Near the top of the tank at the Maximum Water Level is the Overflow pipe. The ground to the left of the tank slopes downward so the Overflow pipe extends through the surface. The Overflow pipe has a screened downward flange as its opening. It empties onto a gravel area.
At the bottom left corner of the tank is a Screened Drain. The floor of the tank is slightly sloped toward the drain. The Screened Drain is attached to a pipe labeled Drain with an arrow pointing left showing the direction of flow. This pipe passes through a Valve and Box assembly with a telescoping joint that reaches to the surface.
The Cistern receives water from the roof of a building to its right. The two structures do not share a wall but are separated by some space. There is a structure that looks like a square box with a shallow rectangular box on top of it. There is a small opening between the bottom of the rectangular box and the top of square one. The bottom square box is labeled Roof Washer Receives First Runoff from Roof. The top of the structure is covered with a Screen. The Down Spot from the Roof empties into this over the right side. A pipe leads from the left side of the top rectangular box down into the cistern. The opening this pipe goes through in the top of the cistern is sealed with Caulking. The bottom of the Roof Washer is sloped to the right to a faucet that empties into the space between the cistern and the building to its right.
Near the bottom right corner of the cistern is a screen attached to a pipe that goes to the right into the Basement of the building next to it and to a Pump.
Inset: Sand Filter (May be used in place of roof washer)
A Downspout comes from the top of the image and splits into two pipes. One, with a Flapper Valve, leads beside the Sand Filter to the space between the cistern and the building. The other goes through an opening in the middle of the lid of a square structure, the Sand Filter. The lid overlaps the edges of the opening and is equipped with a lock. The joins between the lid and the Sand Filter and the Downspout and the lid have Asphaltic Seals. On the right wall of the Sand Filter is an Overflow pipe with a screened downward pointing flange that empties into the space between the cistern and the building.
Inside of the Sand Filter is a series of layers. 12 inches minimum from the top of the Sand Filter is the top of a Pyramid Galvanized Screen. The Screen has a minimum height of 12 inches. The first layer of Filter Sand is a minimum of 20 inches deep and has an Effective Size of 0.3 mm. The next layer is a minimum of 3 inches deep of Sand 1/8 inch to Course. The next layer is a minimum of 3 inches deep of 1/8 inch to 3/8 inch Gravel. The last layer is a minimum of 4 inches deep of 3/4 inch to 11/4 inch Gravel. There is a pipe leading downward in the center of the bottom of the Sand Filter.
An overhead plan and a side cross section of a Typical Concrete Reservoir. Plan: The Reservoir is shown as a large square with thick walls. The Manhole and Cover in the top of the Reservoir is shown as a dotted line square in the lower left hand corner. Three pipes extend to the left from the Reservoir. A Screened Overflow and Vent ends in a gravel area. A pipe leading from a Screened Inlet and Outlet in the Reservoir has a Valve and Box assembly outside the Reservoir. A pipe leads from a Screened Drain in the lower left corner of the Reservoir. It also has a Valve and Box assembly outside the Reservoir. The floor of the Reservoir slopes down to the Screened Drain. On the right wall of the Reservoir is a Switch Control.
Elevation: The Reservoir is completely underground. Only the top of the Reservoir is above ground. The opening in the top is covered with a Manhole Cover that overlaps the edges of the opening. The Manhole Cover is equipped with a lock. Wrought Iron Steps in the left Reservoir wall go from the opening in the top to the bottom of the Reservoir. The joints between the Reservoir walls and floor have Water Stops.
Three pipes extend from the left Reservoir wall. Near the top of the Reservoir is the Screened Overflow and Vent pipe. The ground to the left of the Reservoir slopes downward so the Overflow pipe extends through the surface. The Overflow pipe has a screened downward flange as its opening. It empties onto a gravel area. 1/4 of the way from the bottom of the Reservoir is an upward pointing Screened Inlet and Outlet which is attached to a pipe leading left out of the Reservoir. This pipe passes through a Valve and Box assembly with a telescoping joint that reaches to the surface. At the bottom left corner of the Reservoir is a Screened Drain. The floor of the Reservoir is Sloped toward the drain. The Screened Drain is attached to a pipe labeled Drain with an arrow pointing left showing the direction of flow. This pipe passes through a Valve and Box assembly with a telescoping joint that reaches to the surface.
On the right hand wall of the Reservoir are two electrodes, one just below the level of the Overflow pipe and the other approximately at the level of the Screened Inlet and Outlet. The electrodes are attached to a Switch Control above ground.
Cross section of an entire well assembly with a Pitless Adapter and its connections to a basement storage unit.
On the left of the image is the well casing capped with a Vented Sanitary Well Cover. The Well Cover has a plug in the top. The Submersible Power Cable runs from the well cover to the Submersible Pump below the water line. At the top of the well is the handle for the Lift Out Device, a long pole attached to the Pitless Adapter. The Locking Device, a wedge between the Pitless Adapter and the left wall of the well casing, is also attached to the Lift-Out Device by a hinged pole. The Pitless Adapter is located in the well casing below the Frost Line. It is fitted to a Discharge Fitting in the right wall of the well casing.
The drop pipe below the Pitless Adapter has a Check Valve. Below the Check Valve is a Snifter Valve or Air Charger. The well casing is surrounded by a Cement Grout Formation Seal from just below the Pitless Adapter to the level of the Submersible Pump. The Submersible Pump is below the water level in the well casing. The well casing extends just into the Aquifer. The end of the well casing is closed with a Packer. A Screen extends further down from the packer into the Aquifer.
A Flexible Connection goes from the Discharge Fitting on the Pitless Adapter toward the Basement on the right side of the figure. The Flexible Connection joins a pipe that goes straight across through the Basement Wall to enter the bottom of a Pressure Tank. The opening in the Basement Wall the pipe goes through is sealed with Waterproof Sealant. Inside the basement before the pipe enters the Pressure Tank is a Sampling Tap. Between the Sampling Tap and the Pressure Tank is the Union.
The Submersible Power Cable comes up through the Sanitary Well Cover, goes through an underground conduit and through the basement wall to a the Pump Controls on the Basement Wall. A Power cable comes down the Basement Wall to the Pump Controls through a Fused Disconnect Switch or Circuit Breakers. A cable leads from the Pump Controls to a Pressure Switch and Gauge and an Air Volume Control on the Pressure Tank. A Pipe leading from the bottom right side of the Pressure Tank bends upwards and is labeled Outlet.
A vertical casing with a pipe joined perpendicular to it, the Discharge Line. The join is below the Frost Line. The direction of flow is indicated with arrows as coming From the Pump up a Drop Pipe inside the vertical casing. The flow bends to the right through the Pit-less Adapter to go through the Discharge Line. The Discharge Line is under System Pressure. Below the Pit-less Adapter the Drop Pipe has a Check Valve. On the left side of the Check Valve is a Valve Snifter.
The casing below the join is surrounded by a Cement Grout Formation Seal.
A casing attached to the top of the Pit-less Adapter is attached to a Lift-out device that comes down from the top of the casing. A Locking Device is a wedge between the Pit-less Adapter and the left wall of the vertical casing. "O" Ring Seals between the Pit-less Adapter and the perpendicular Discharge Line provide a water-tight seal.
A Submersible Pump Power Cable runs through the vertical casing past the whole assembly.
The vertical Well Casing is joined to the Pit-less Unit by a Threaded Field Connection. A pipe, the Suction Line, within a pipe is joined perpendicular to it. The join is below the Frost Line. Two pipes direct flow through the Pit-less Unit. The larger line under Reduced Pressure comes up the vertical Well Casing From the Ejector. It bends to the right through the Pit-less Unit to go through the Suction Line to the Pump. The space between the Suction Line and the outer pipe contains the flow From the Pump back through the Pit-less Unit and down a pipe through the vertical Well Casing to the Ejector. This flow is under System Pressure. "O" Ring Seals provide a water-tight seal. A rod attached to the top of the Pit-less Adapter is attached to a Lift-Out Device that comes down from the top of the Unit.
The vertical well casing below the join is surrounded by a Cement Grout Formation Seal.
A vertical well casing with a pipe welded perpendicular to it with a Water-tight Weld on All Sides. The weld is below the Frost Line. The direction of flow is indicated with arrows as coming up a pipe within a pipe inside the vertical well casing. The flow bends to the right through the Pit-less Adapter to go to the Pump through a Suction Line (Reduced Pressure) inside the perpendicular pipe. The space between the Suction Line and the perpendicular pipe is Under System Pressure.
The Vertical well casing below the weld is surrounded by a Cement Grout Formation Seal.
A rod attached to the top of the Pit-less Adapter is attached to a Lift-Out Device that comes down from the top of the well casing. A Locking Device is a wedge between the Pit-less Adapter and the left wall of the vertical well casing. "O" Ring Seals between the Pit-less Adapter and the perpendicular pipe provide a water-tight seal.
A circular expandable neoprene gasket, compressed between two (2) steel plates. There are 3 tapped openings in the well seal: two on the mid-line for the "Pumped Water" Pipe, the "Drive Water" Pipe and a third between and below for an access plug. The well seal has 4 cap screws located above and below the two pipes.
A circular expandable neoprene gasket, compressed between two (2) steel plates. There are 3 tapped openings in the well seal: The largest in the center of the seal is the Discharge Line that is connected to the Drop Pipe from the Submersible Pump. On one side of the Discharge Line there is a self-draining well vent that has been caped with a Pipe Plug and has as its opening an overlapping and downward flange. The opening is covered with wire mesh. On the other side of the Discharge Line is a smaller opening for the Submersible Pump Cable.
1. Overlapping Circular Iron Cover: A domed cover over a lipped opening. There is a padlock on one side.
2. Iron Cover: A flat cover with sides that extend down over a lipped opening. There is a chain over the cover that is padlocked to fixtures on either side of the opening.
3. Galvanized Sheet Metal Over Wooden Cover. A thick flat wood cover with sides that extend down over a lipped opening. There is a hinged bar that curves over the cover and is sunk into the surface on either side of the opening. The bar has a padlock on it.
4. Concrete Cover. A thick flat concrete cover with sides that extend down over a lipped opening. There is a hinged bar that curves over the cover and is sunk into the surface on either side of the opening. The bar has a padlock on it.
5. Typical Valve and Box: A pipe going left to right goes through a Valve assembly resting on a Foot Piece or Brick. A Telescoping Joint extends from the Valve to the ground surface.
6. Overflow and Vent. A cross section of a Reservoir or Cistern Wall with an overflow outlet positioned in the wall parallel to and just under the top of the structure. The outlet curves downward and the opening is covered by No. 16 Mesh Copper Screen.
7. Pipe Connection With Anchor Flange Casting. A cross section of a wall with a pipe extending through it. The pipe has a flange extending from side of the drain body which anchors it in the wall slab and couplings on either side of the wall.
8.Vent. Cross section of the Top of a Cistern or Reservoir. The vent pipe extends upwards out of a lipped opening. The space between the opening and the vent pipe is secured using an Asphaltic seal. The vent pipe opening is turned down and covered with No. 16 Mesh Copper Screen.
Pump suction Line leads in from the left to the center of the Pump. The Pump Suction Line has a Suction Line Valve. Between the Suction Line Valve and the Pump, the Solution Discharge Hose enters the Suction Line through a Feed Tip. The Pump Discharge Line leaves the Pump going straight up. Attached to the side of the Discharge Line is a Backwash Type Strainer. A Water Feed Tube leads up from this device and bends left to go through a Backwash Shutoff Valve. The Backwash Shutoff Valve is shown in the Feed Position pointing up and right. The Water Feed Tube connects to a Flowmeter on the side of the chlorinator unit. On top of the Flowmeter is a Metering Valve.
On top of the chlorinator unit is a Fill Cover with an Air Vent.
The Solution Discharge Hose leads from the bottom of the chlorinator unit to the Pump Suction Line. There is a Solution Discharge Stopcock between the chlorinator unit and the Solution Discharge Hose. The Stopcock is shown in the Open Position pointing to the left.
From left to right. A Chlorinator sits on top of a table. A line leads from it to a Gauge and Pressure Switch on the Water Storage Tank. Suction Tubing leads down from the Chlorinator to a Container to Hold Hypochlorite Solution sitting on the floor next to the table. The Suction Tubing has a Strainer on the end of it in the Hypochlorite Solution.
Discharge Tubing to the Point of Application leads from the Chlorinator to the right to the water pipe just before it enters the Water Storage Tank. On the floor next to the Water Storage Tank is a Pump and Motor. A line leads from it to a Gauge and Pressure Switch on the Water Storage Tank. The Inlet pipe comes from the left to enter at the top of the Pump and Motor. A pipe comes out of the top of the Pump and Motor and bends right to enter the Water Storage Tank 1/3 of the way up the side of the Tank. Before the Inlet pipe enters the Pump and Motor a smaller pipe going up is joined to it. This pipe bends to the right to join the middle of another small pipe coming straight up out of the Pump and Motor. Straight up at the top of this pipe is a Pressure Relief Valve. Prior to the straight pipe, on the bend in the pipe is a Shut-Off Valve. There is a Gauge and Pressure Switch about 2/3 of the way up the Side of the Water Storage Tank. A line goes from the Gauge and Pressure Switch to a power source on the wall. A Discharge line leads from the bottom of the Water Storage Tank to the right.
Diagram showing the flow pattern described above for a system with the homogenizer upstream from the holding tube.
Diagram showing the flow pattern described above for a system with a booster pump. The booster pump is interlocked with the metering pump, flow diversion valve microswitch and pressure switch (if used). If a pressure switch is used, it is placed between the pressure gauge and the cooler.
Diagram showing the flow pattern described above for a system with homogenizer and vacuum chambers downstream from a flow-diversion device.
Diagram showing the flow pattern described above for a system with a magnetic flow meter using a constant speed centrifugal pump and a control valve.
Diagram showing the flow pattern described above for a system with a magnetic flow meter using an A-C Variable Speed Centrifugal Pump.
Diagram showing the flow pattern and controls described above for a system with a steam injection pasteurizer.
Diagram showing air flow from intake air filter and compressing equipment through air pipe line filter and moisture trap, with drain valve, through disposable media filter, sanitary piping downstream from final filter, and product check valve leading to the point of application
Diagram showing the air flow pattern from compressing equipment with an intake air filter, through an after cooler with condensate pipe, trap and drain valve (manual or automatic), a safety relief valve before an air storage tank with drain valve, through piping with air pipe line filter and moisture trap with drain valve, to multiple pipes with a moisture leg or trap (with drain valve). Off of each pipe is a length of sanitary piping downstream from a disposable media filter with a product check valve before the point of application.
Diagram showing a blower -type air supply consisting of an intake air filter, blower or fan, and air line or duct to the point of application.
Diagram of an individual blower-type air supply with intake air filter, blower or fan and vent to point of application - bag, carbon, etc.
Diagram of air filter system:
Compressing equipment with intake air filter, piping with an air pipe line filter and moisture trap with drain valve, a disposable media filter, and a fixed air passage into a rotating Mandrel Assembly
Culinary Steam Piping Assembly for Steam Infusion or Injection. Diagram showing a piping assembly with these features:
A. Desuperheater or sufficient length of piping to desuperheat steam shall be incorporated between the pressure regulating (reducing) valve and the steam purifier.
B. Acceptable alternate location for steam throttling valve.
C. Sanitary tubing and fittings shall be used between the point indicated and the processing equipment.
NOTE: Additional valves, strainers, traps, gauges and piping may be used for control and convenience in operation. The location of the steam throttling valve is not restricted to the positions indicated on the drawing. The positions of items 2 and 7 may be reversed if desired.
The sequence of fittings in the assembly, starting from Steam Main, is:
1. Stop valve off steam main.
2. Filter, Adams carbon core or equivalent
3. Condensate trap.
4. Pressure gauge.
5. Steam pressure regulating (reducing) valve. (A goes here)
6. Steam throttling valve (automatic or manual). An alternate location is shown at B.
7. Steam purifier, Anderson Hi-eF or equivalent., with 3. Condensate trap
T joint to 8. Steam sampling valve and connection.
B Acceptable alternate location for steam throttling valve.
9. Spring loaded sanitary check valve.
C Sanitary tubing and fittings shall be used between this point and the processing equipment
To processing equipment.
Alternate for Final Section, beginning with 7. Steam purifier, Anderson Hi-eF or equivalent, with 3. Condensate trap.
T junction to 3. Condensate trap.
B Acceptable alternate location for steam throttling valve.
T junction to 8. Steam sampling valve and connection
9. Spring loaded sanitary check valve.
C. Sanitary tubing and fittings shall be used between this point and the processing equipment
To processing equipment.
From Steam Supply. 3/4" pipe with 3/4" steam strainer fitting. A T joint connects to a 3/4" pipe that connects to another T joint.
Continuing straight the T joint connects to Not Less Than 3' - 0" of Not Less than 3/4" Pipe then a 90 degree elbow to 1/2" Steam Trap 0-100 lbs.
Going to the left perpendicular to the 3/4" pipe, the T joint connects to 1/4" Pipe
to Control Needle Valve 1/4"
to Steam Gauge 0-30 lbs.
to 3/4"x1/4" Bushing
to Cap with 1/8" Orifice inside 1 1/2" x 3/4" Tee
Below Tee, Auxiliary Water Trap:
No less than 12" length of not less than 1 1/2" pipe (to clean orifice above remove pipe.). Lower end closed with Cap with 1/8" Drain Hole.
Above Tee, 1 1/2 " Nipple to 1" x 1 1/2" Reducer
to 1" Street Elbow
to 1" Nipple
to 1" Union
to Equipment
Chart of pressure switch settings at sea level (PSGI) for operating temperatures of 190 through 300 degrees F. Pressure switch settings start at 10 PSGI for 190 degrees F through 210 degrees F and then gradually increase up to more than 60 PSGI at 300 degrees F.
Diagram of a two speed vitamin fortification installation showing the arrangement of vitamin sources, valves and pipes. Two vitamin sources, Vitamin D Concentrate and Vitamin A & D Concentrate feed into a 3 way valve (D - Off - A&D). From this valve a line goes to another 3 way valve that controls flow rate (Hi - Off - Low). Each output (Hi and Low) has a check valve before the stainless steel sanitary fitting with check valve that goes into the product line. This fitting adds the vitamin concentrate to standardized product prior to the final heater.
