Record 200 of 382 - CRIS/ICAR 9/96
TI: EFFECT OF APPLE, NECTARINE, STRAWBERRY, AND TOMATO MATURITY ON FUNGAL
LATENT INFECTION
IN: MOLINE-H-E; CONWAY-W-S
PO: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SERVICE. BELTSVILLE AGR RES CENTER
LO: BELTSVILLE, MARYLAND 20705.
FY: 1990
RN: NE-00087
CL:
PRIMARY CLASSIFICATION GENERAL CLASSIF.
RPA ACTVTY CMMDTY SCNCE PRCNT PRGM JTC
R404 A4870 C1000 F1112 30% P3.13 J3A
R404 A4870 C1000 F1312 30% P3.13 J3A
R404 A4870 C1200 F1112 20% P3.14 J3A
R404 A4870 C1200 F1312 20% P3.14 J3A
PH: R404 (Quality-Maintenance-Fruit,-Vegetables);
A4870 (Protection-Against-Molds,-Spoilage);
C1000 (Deciduous-and-Small-Fruits-and-Nuts);
C1200 (Vegetables);
F1112 (Pathology-Plant);
F1312 (Physiology-Plant)
GH: P3.13 (Fruit);
P3.14 (Vegetable-Crops);
J3A (Food-Systems)
SC: S1011 (Apples) 20%;
S1014 (Nectarines) 20%;
S1033 (Strawberries) 20%;
S1261 (Tomatoes) 40%;
PST1 (Target-I-Biology) 50%;
PST2 (Target-II-Nonpesticidal-Control) 50%
DE: BOTRYTIS-CINEREA; CALCIUM; CELL-WALL; DISEASE-RESISTANCE; ENZYMES; FUNGI;
FUNGUS-DISEASES-(PLANTS); FUNGUS-PHYSIOLOGY; HORTICULTURAL-CROPS;
HOST-PATHOGEN-RELATIONS; MICROBIOLOGY; PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; PHYTOALEXINS;
PLANT-DISEASE-RESISTANCE; PLANT-NUTRITION; PLANT-PATHOLOGY; SPORULATION;
STRAWBERRIES
CT: Basic 80%; Applied 20%; Developmental 0%
OB: To determine the effect cell wall components and cell metabolites have on
fungalsporulation, growth, and enzyme activity. To compare and contrast
cultivars resistant or susceptible to infection in order to determine those
factors which are responsible for resistance.
AP: Initially, strawberries and tomatoes will be used as the hosts and
Botrytis cinerea as the pathogen with other host-pathogen combinations studied
as needed. Different cultivars, of strawberries and tomatoes will be compared
and contrasted in this study. The effects that change in the host cell wall
components and cell metabolites have on fungal sporulation, growth, and
macerating enzyme activity will be studied. The role of calcium in
host-pathogen interaction in quiescent infection will also be investigated.
PR: 9001 TO 9009
Calcium infiltrated fruit were inoculated with conidial suspensions of
Penicillium expansum, Botrytis cinerea, and Glomerella cingulata. Following an
appropriate incubation period at 20 C, the fruit were rated for decay severity
and analyzed for flesh calcium content. As the concentration of calcium
chloride in the infiltrated solution increased, the calcium concentration of
the flesh increased, and the decay caused by all three pathogens decreased.
However, calcium reduced decay to a greater extent in G. cingulata than in P.
expansum or B. cinerea inoculated fruit. These results indicate that calcium
induced resistance to postharvest pathogens is broad spectrum and may be of
practical value. Preliminary tests demonstrated that calcium and selected
fungicides interact on fruit surfaces to offer enhanced protection against
postharvest pathogens. Fungicides, applied at 10-50 percent of recommended
rates, with 2 or 4 percent calcium chloride reduced decay to levels observed
in treatments where higher levels of fungicides were used. These treatments
may offer enhanced protection against postharvest pathogens while reducing
fungicide residues on fruit.
PB: 8901 TO 8912
KRAMER, G.F., WANG, C.Y. and CONWAY, W.S. 1989. Correlation of reduced
softeningand increased polyamine levels during low-oxygen storage of
'McIntosh' apples. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 114:942-946. CONWAY, W.S. 1989.
Altering nutritional factors after harvest to enhance resistance to
postharvest disease. Phytopathology 79: Accepted February 17, 1989. CONWAY,
W.S., WATADA, A.E. and SAMS, C.E. 1989. The role of calcium and controlled
atmosphere storage in controlling ... apples. Proc. Commis- sions C2,D1, D2,
and D3, Int. Inst. of Refrig. Accepted April 28, 1989. KRAMER, G.E., WANG,
C.Y. and CONWAY, W.S. 1989. Increased polyamine levels during low-oxygen
storage of 'McIntosh' apples. Plant Physiol. 89: (suppl.) 28. (Abstract).
LAUFMANN, J., SAMS, C.E. and CONWAY, W.S. 1989. Pectinmethylesterase activity
in'Golden Delicious' apples as affected by postharvest calcium treatments.
HortSci. 24: (suppl.) 59. (Abstract). CONWAY, W.S., BRUTON, B.D., GROSS, K.C.
and MAAS, J.L. 1989. Relationship of cell wall components to quiescent
infection of strawberry. Phytopath. 79:1203. (Abstract).
PB: 8801 TO 8812
CONWAY, W.S., GROSS, K.C., BOYER, C.D. and SAMS, C.E. 1988. Inhibition of
Penicillium expansum polygalacturonase activity by increased apple cell wall
calcium. Phytopathology 78:1052-1055. LAUFMANN, J., SAMS, C.E. and CONWAY,
W.S. 1988. Effect of calcium infiltration on the processing quality of 'Golden
Delicious' apples. HortScience 23:784. (Abstract). MOLINE, H.E. 1989.
Determination of spore germination rate and fungal growth response to media
supplements. Phytopathology 79 (Abstract). In Press. Accepted May 1988.
MOLINE, H.E. 1989. The survival of Xanthomonas campestris pv. citri on mature
citrus fruit and its control. Phytopathology 79 In Press. Accepted July 1988.
PB: 8701 TO 8712
CONWAY, W.S., GROSS, K.C., and SAMS, C.E. 1987. The relationship of bound
calcium and inoculum concentration to the effect of postharvest calcium
treatment on decay of apples by Penicillium expansum. Plant Dis. 7l:78-80.
MOLINE, H.E. and HRUSCHKA, W.R. 1987. Computer-enhanced image analysis of
bacterial polypeptide patterns on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels.
Phytopathology 77:745-747. CONWAY, W.S. and SAMS, C.E. 1987. The effects of
postharvest infiltration of calcium, magnesium, or strontium on decay,
firmness, respiration, and ethylene production in apples. J. Amer. Soc. Hort.
Sci. 112:300-303. MOLINE, H.E. 1987. Frost damage and freezing injury. In:
Postharvest Physiology of Vegetables. J. Weichmann, ed., Marcel Dekker, New
York, pp. 327-337. BERND, R.B., BEAN, G.A., CONWAY, W.S., and MOLINE, H.E.
1987. Influence of temperature and relative humidity on germinability of Mucor
piriformis spores. J. Phytopathology 118:3-8. SAMS, C.E. and CONWAY, W.S.
1987. Additive effects of controlled-atmosphere storage and calcium chloride
on decay, firmness retention, and ethylene production in apples. Plant Dis.
71:1003-1005. CONWAY, W.S., GREENE, G.M. II, and HICKEY, K.D. 1987. Effect of
preharvest and postharvest calcium treatment of peaches on decay caused by
Monilinia fructicola. Plant Dis. 1084-1086.
PB: 8601 TO 8612
ROSENBERGER, D.A., SPOTTS, R.A., CONWAY, W.S., and YODER, K.S. 1986.
Methods forevaluating fungicides for control of postharvest decay of pome
fruits. In: Methods for evaluating fungicides for control of plant pathogens,
APS Press. BERND, R.B., BEAN, G.A., CONWAY, W.S., and MOLINE, H.E. 1986.
Influence of temperature and relative humidity on germinability of Mucor
piriformis spores. Phytopathology 76:562. (Abstract) CONWAY, W.S., GROSS,
K.C., and SAMS, C.E. 1986. Relationship of bound calcium and inoculum
concentration to the effect of postharvest calcium treatment on decay of
apples by Penicillium expansum. Phytopathology 76:1128. (Abstract) BRUTON,
B.D., and CONWAY, W.S. 1986. Possible relationship of fruit maturity
andcalcium to quiescent infection in muskmelon. Phytopathology 76:1128.
(Abstract) CONWAY, W.S., GROSS, K.C., and SAMS, C.E. 1987. The relationship of
bound calcium and inoculum concentration to the effect of postharvest calcium
treatment on decay of apples by Penicillium expansum. Plant Disease 70:78-80.
OC: 008009
IC: 006521
SU: Region 1 (Northeastern).
PS: TERMINATED
UD: 8601
UP: 9102
PP: 9009
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