ITEMS FROM GERMANY
INSTITUT FÜR PFLANZENGENETIK UND KULTURPFLANZENFORSCHUNG (IPK)
Corrensstraße 3, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany.
A. Börner, V. Korzun, I.M. Ben Amer, and S. Stracke; and A. Fürste (PBI Saatzucht, Silstedt).
RFLP mapping of genes controlling dwarfness and crossability with rye.
An F2 population was established for mapping the
dominant, GA-sensitive dwarfing gene Rht12 on the long
arm of chromosome 5A. The gene was linked to four RFLP markers
(Xmwg616, Xpsr164, Xwg114, and Xpsr1201),
which are known to be located distally to the 5AL-4AL translocation
breakpoint on the segment of chromosome 5AL. This segment was
translocated ancestrally and is homoeologous to Triticeae
4L. In addition, the dwarfing gene was found to be linked closely
to the isozyme marker ß-amy-A1. Comparative genetic
studies in rye suggest that the dominant GA-sensitive dwarfing
gene, Ddw1, is homoeologous to Rht12. In a rye mapping
population, six RFLP markers were found to be linked to Ddw1,
all of them known to map on the segment of chromosome 5AL that
was translocated and is homoeologous to Triticeae 4L. Again,
linkage to the isozyme marker ß-amy-R1 was found.
One RFLP marker, Xwg114, detected polymorphism in both
wheat and rye mapping populations.
For mapping the two GA-insensitive dwarfing gene
loci Rht1/3 and Rht2/10 on chromosomes 4B and 4D,
respectively, crosses were made between the tall Russian cultivar
Mironovskaya 808 and the two dwarf lines `Bersee iso-Rht3'
(an isogenic line of the cultivar Bersee with the gene Rht3)
and `Ai-bian 1' (Rht10). Both of these lines
cause extreme dwarfism. First results confirm the location of
both loci on the short arms of chromosomes 4B and 4D. The Rht3
locus was linked to Xpsr144, known to be located on 4BS,
close to the centromere, about 10 cM and proximal to the barley
probe Xmwg634 (> 40 cM). Surprisingly, Rht10
was linked closely to Xmwg634 and, therefore, seems to
be located more distally to the centromere than Rht3.
The crossability of some wheats, e.g., Chinese Spring
with rye and other species, is determined by three additive recessive
genes located on chromosomes of the homoeologous group 5 (kr1
on 5BL, kr2 on 5AL, and kr3 on 5D). A cross was
initiated between a synthetic wheat (Kr1/Kr2/Kr3) and the
two single chromosome substitution lines Chinese Spring-Hope 5B
(Kr1/kr2/kr3) and Chinese Spring-Hope 5A (kr1/Kr2/kr3).
Because the effect of Kr3 was described as minimal with
no detectable significant reduction in crossability with rye,
the segregation for seed set after pollination of each single
F2 plant with rye was due to the allelic variation at the Kr1
or Kr2 loci. A first analysis of the parents gave a high
degree of polymorphism for probes, located on 5AL and 5BL, possibly
because a synthetic wheat was used for the crosses.
The wheat cultivar Cappelle-Desprez (CD), a `Cappelle-Desprez-Chinese
Spring 2B' disomic substitution line (CD-CS DS2B),
and 61 `Cappelle-Desprez/Chinese Spring 2B' single-chromosome
recombinant lines were analyzed for tissue culture response (TCR).
The substitution of chromosome 2B of CS into CD had a negative
effect on regeneration ability (CD = 47 %, CD-CS DS2B = 23 %).
For the recombinant lines, plant regeneration between 0 and 58
% was observed. The tissue culture data were incorporated into
an already existing RFLP map, created from the same lines. ANOVAs
were used to detect associations between the RFLP alleles and
TCR. Two major QTL loci were identified and designated as Tcr-B1
and Tcr-B2. Whereas the map position of Tcr-B1 was
found to be in the centromere region, the second QTL (Tcr-B2)
was located on the short arm of chromosome 2BS, distal to Ppd2.
Adult plant resistance to yellow rust.
During the last three decades, several precise cytogenetic
stocks (monosomics, intervarietal substitutions, and single chromosome
recombinant lines) in a representative range of varieties were
developed. These stocks are very important and beneficial for
studying the genetic control of a wide range of economically important
characters. With the aim to analyze adult plant resistance to
yellow rust, 31 wheat varieties/lines known to be used for the
development of such stocks were grown in the field together with
two accessions of T. macha and T. spelta as single
rows (1 m) with three replications. The yellow rust-susceptible
cultivar Vuka was sown as a disease spreader adjacent to the experimental
lines. The spreader was infected artificially by spraying with
a mixture of yellow rust race isolates. The plants were scored
twice during stages EC 55 and EC 60 on a scale from 1 (resistant)
to 9 (susceptible). For statistical analysis, the TUKEY-test was
applied. The results are given in Fig. 1 (p. 83). The level of
infection varied between 9.0 and 4.5 (LSD (P = 0.05) =
1.2), indicating genetic variation between the genotypes studied.
Further analysis of available stocks will enable studies on the
effect of single chromosomes or chromosome regions on resistance
active at the adult plant stage.
Publications.
Ben Amer IM, Börner A, and Worland AJ. 1995.
The study of tissue culture response (TCR) related to grain weight
in hexaploid wheat using chromosome substitution lines. Eur Wheat
Aneuploid Co-operative Newslet. Pp. 169-174.
Ben Amer IM, Worland AJ, and Börner A. 1995.
Chromosomal location of genes affecting tissue culture response
in wheat. Plant Breed 114:84-85.
Ben Amer IM, Worland AJ, and Börner A. 1995.
The effects of whole chromosome substitutions differing in alleles
for hybrid dwarfing and photoperiodic sensitivity on tissue culture
response in wheat. Eur Wheat Aneuploid Co-operative Newslet. Pp.
74-76.
Börner A. 1995. Untersuchungen zur Genetik und
umweltabhangigen Auspragung der Merkmalskomplexe reduzierte Pflanzenlange
und Tageslangenreaktion beim Weizen. Habilitationsschrift, Martin-Luther-Universitat
Halle-Wittenberg. 185 pp.
Börner A and Plaschke J. 1996. Dwarfing genes
of wheat and rye and its expression in Triticale. Proc 3rd Inter
Triticale Symp, 1994, Lisbon, Portugal (In press).
Börner A and Schumann E. 1995. Morphological
and yield performance of the German monosomic series in the wheat
varieties Poros and Carola. Eur Wheat Aneuploid Co-operative Newslet.
Pp. 88-91.
Börner A and Worland AJ. 1995. Cereal aneuploids
for genetical analysis and molecular techniques. Proc 9th EWAC
Conference, 1994, Gatersleben-Wernigerode, Germany. 186 pp.
Börner A, Plaschke J, and Worland AJ. 1995.
Pleiotropic effects of Rht genes as expressed under the
growing conditions of Germany. In: Proc 8th Int Wheat Genet
Symp (Li ZS and Xin ZY eds). China Agricultural Scientech Press,
Beijing. Pp. 833-837.
Börner A, Plaschke J, Korzun V, and Worland
AJ. 1995. Dwarfing genes in wheat and rye. Eur Wheat Aneuploid
Co-operative Newslet. Pp. 71-73.
Börner A, Furste A, Tapsel CR, Schumann E, Knopf
E, and Worland AJ. 1995. Alternative dwarfing genes in wheat and
their pleiotropic effects. Eur Wheat Aneuploid Co-operative Newslet.
Pp. 158-160.
Korzun VN, Börner A, and Kartel NA. 1995. Construction
and analysis of PstI DNA library for RFLP mapping of the
rye genome. Genetika 31:767-772.
Korzun VN, Börner A, and Kartel NA. 1995. Analysis
of chromosome-specific sequences from PstI library of rye
DNA. Genetika 31:896-900.
Korzun V, Melz G, and Börner A. 1996. RFLP mapping
of the dwarfing (Ddw1) and hairy peduncle (Hp) genes
on chromosome 5 of rye (Secale cereale L.). Theor
Appl Genet (In press).
Korzun V, Plaschke J, and Börner A. 1995. PCR
based studies in cereals and the utilisation of aneuploids. Eur
Wheat Aneuploid Co-operative Newslet. Pp. 175-178.
Law CN, Worland AJ, Börner A, and Petrovic S.
1995. The utilisation of photoperiodic response genes in breeding
winter wheat varieties adapted to specific European ecoclimatic
conditions.. In: Proc 8th Int Wheat Genet Symp (Li ZS and
Xin ZY eds). China Agricultural Scientech Press, Beijing. Pp.
1055-1060.
Plaschke J, Korzun V, Koebner RMD, and Börner A. 1995. Mapping of the GA3-insensitive dwarfing gene ct1 on chromosome 7R in rye. Plant Breed 114:113-116.
Insert Figure 1 here. Page 83.
Plaschke J, Börner A, Wendehake K, Ganal MW,
and Roder MS. 1995. The use of wheat aneuploids for the chromosomal
assignment of microsatellite loci. Eur Wheat Aneuploid Co-operative
Newslet. Pp. 70-71.
Roder MS, Plaschke J, König SU, Börner
A, Sorrells ME, Tanksley SD, and Ganal MW. 1995. Abundance, variability
and chromosomal location of microsatellites in wheat. Mol Gen
Genet 246:327-333.
Stracke S, Börner A, Worland AJ, Fürste
A, and Tapsel CR. 1995. Detecting the chromosomal location of
genes for promotion or suppression of mildew resistance by studying
monosomic and substitution lines. Eur Wheat Aneuploid Co-operative
Newslet. Pp. 166-169.
UNIVERSITY OF GÖTTINGEN
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Von Siebold Str. 8,
37075 Göttingen, Germany.
Triticale cytogenetics and breadmaking quality.
M.E. Kazman.
The 1D(1A) substitution in 6x triticale (synthetic
triticale) improved the breadmaking quality of triticale. Sedimentation
value was equal to the wheat check with medium quality. For loaf
volume and water absorbtion, the synthetic triticale performed
better than wheat. HMW-glutenin subunit composition of the synthetic
triticale was null, 7+8, and 2+12, arising from three loci Glu-A1,
Glu-B1, and Glu-D1, respectivly. However,
the synthetic triticale were higher in total amount of pentosan,
lower in falling number, and poorer in milling performance.
Results showed that traits controlled by 1D, e.g.,
sedimentation volume and consequently loaf volume, can be improved
invariabily, even if 1D with an inferior allele (2+12) was present.
The challenge now remains to improve the falling number and reduce
pentosan content of the synthetic triticale. The poor milling
performance of the analyzed lines was due to poor kernel characteristics,
which can be improved by selection.
To find out whether variability for falling number
and pentosan content can be produced in synthetic triticale possessing
chromosom 1D, the following steps were made.
1. Synthetic triticales with 1D (1A, 1B, or 1R) substitution
and with the disomic addition 1D were crossed to three triticale
cultivars, Lasko, Alamo, and Clercal. Although Lasko exhibits
a relatively high falling number, Clercal is very low in this
respect.
2. The same synthetic triticales were crossed to
four different 8x triticales, developed from German winter wheat
cultivars with high breadmaking quality. The aim of this cross
was to substitute chromosome 1D(2+12) with 1D(5+10) and to introduce
new variability from high quality bread wheat, without reducing
the R genome. These F1s also were crossed to the three above-mentioned
triticale cultivars.
3. To produce NILs, both F1 groups were crossed two
more times to their respective triticales. Each time, single seed
selection were made using half-seed and SDS-PAGE. The chromosome
constitution of the selected half-seeds were controlled using
C-banding.
The HMW-glutenin subunits included in this program
are listed in Table 1.
Table 1. HMW-glutenin subunits included in 6x and 8x triticales.
_______________________________________________________________
Donor genotype Glu-A1 Glu-B1 Glu-D1 Glu-R1
_______________________________________________________________
6x synthetic triticales null 7+8 2+12 kk
6x Lasko 2* 13+16 ó la
6x Alamo 2* 7+8b* ó al
6x Clercal 2* 7+8 ó cl
8x KST-35 null 17+18 5+10 ks
8x Kb-188 1 7+9 5+10 ks
8x Rek-35 null 7+9 5+10 ks
8x Jub-155 null 6+8 5+10 ks
_______________________________________________________________
*Subunit 8b exibits a slower mobility than the subunit
8
Lines with all possible combinations of the above-listed
HMW alleles are produced as 1D (1A, 1B, or 1R) substitutions and
as near isogenic null-D lines (complete triticale). In addition,
a number of lines were developed that carry either 1DL or 1DS
as translocation with 1AS or 1RS and 1AL, respectively. Currently,
these lines are being tested in cooperation with five German breeding
companies and with Hisar University, India.
Cytological and SDS-PAGE characterization of 1994-95-grown European wheat cultivars.
M.E. Kazman and V. Lein*.
*Ackermann & Co., P.O. Box 70, 94340 Irlbach,
Germany.
A list of 176 spring (26) and winter (150) wheat
cultivars grown in Europe (1994 and 1995) is presented in two
sections. Section I lists the cultivars screened for HMW-glutenin
subunit composition and the presence of the T1BL·1RS translocation.
Section II lists the cultivars with reciprocal translocations,
either 5BS·7BS and 5BL·7BL or 3BS·6BS and 3BL·6BL.
Valuable data on quality parameters for these cultivars
and for some 200 advanced lines registered for release between
1996 to 1999 were collected. Attempts are being made to modify
the Payne's HMW quality-score for better results by
re-evaluvating the scores for some of the subunits, in particular
for 2*, 7+9, 7+8, and 5+10. These results will be reported when
the statistical computations are completed.
Additionaly, 161 cultivars were screened for LMW
glutenin composition. Altogether, 15 different compositions were
found. A positive association of some of the subunits with breadmaking
quality was found. These data also will be reported soon.
Section I. Screening for HMW-glutenin subunit
composition and the T1BL·1RS translocation.
HMW-glutenin subunits, encoded at three loci Glu-A1,
Glu-B1, and Glu-D1, on the long arms of
wheat chromosomes 1A, 1B, and 1D, respectively, and the omega-
and gamma-gliadines encoded by Gli-B1 on 1BS and Gli-R1
on 1RS were determined using SDS-PAGE. Additionally, the
presence of the T1BL·1RS translocation was confirmed using
the C-banding technique.
The T1BL·1RS translocation was present in 21.6
% of the cultivars (Table 2). Two cultivars were heterogeneous
for the translocation and complete chromosome 1B. No T1AL·1RS
translocation was found in the analyzed cultivars.
Table 2. HMW-glutenin subunit composition and the presence of the T1BL·1RS translocation in European spring and winter wheat cultivars.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
No. Cultivar Country Habit Glu-A1 Glu-B1 Glu-D1 T1BL·1RS
__________________________________________________________________________________________
1 Abbot U.K. W 1 6+8 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
2 Adular Germany W N 6+8 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
3 Agent Germany W N 6+8 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
4 Albrecht Germany W N 6+8 5+10 1BL·1RS
5 Alidos Germany W N 17+18 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
6 Amadeus Austria W 2* 7+9 5+10 1BL·1RS/1B
7 Ambras Germany W 1 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
8 Andros Germany W N 6+8 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
9 Apollo Germany W N 6+8 2+12 1BL·1RS
10 Ares Germany W N 6+8 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
11 Aron Germany W N 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
12 Astron Germany W 1 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
13 Athlet Germany W 2* 6+8 5+10 1BL·1RS
14 Atlantis Germany W 1 6+8 2+12 1BL·1RS
15 Attis Germany S 1 14+15 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
16 Aurus Austria W 1 6+8 5+10 1BL·1RS
17 Baltic Germany W N 7 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
18 Bandit U.K. W 1 6+8 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
19 Batis Germany W 1 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
20 Beaufort U.K. W 1 6+8 2+12 1BL·1RS
21 Beaver U.K. W N 6+8 2+12 1BL·1RS
22 Belisar Germany W N 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
23 Bercy Netherlands W N 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
24 Boheme Czech Republic W N 7+9 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
25 Bold Germany W N 6+8 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
26 Bontaris Germany W N 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
27 Borenos Germany W N 7+9 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
28 Bovictus Germany W N 7+9 5+10 1BL·1RS
29 Brigadier U.K. W N 6+8 3+12 1BL·1RS
30 Brock U.K. W N 7 4+12 NON 1BL·1RS
31 Bussard Germany W 1 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
32 Cadenza U.K S N 14+15 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
33 Campus Germany W N 6+8 2+12 1BL·1RS
34 Capo Austria W 1 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
35 Caprimus Germany W N 6+8 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
36 Carolus Germany W 1 7 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
37 Caxton U.K. W N 17+18 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
38 Chablis U.K. S 1 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
39 Charger U.K. W N 17+18 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
40 Chianti U.K. W 1 6+8 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
41 Clan Germany W N 6+8 2+12 1BL·1RS
42 Claudius Germany W 1 7+8 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
Table 2 (continued). HMW-glutenin subunit composition and the presence of the T1BL·1RS translocation in European spring and winter wheat cultivars.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
No. Cultivar Country Habit Glu-A1 Glu-B1 Glu-D1 T1BL·1RS
__________________________________________________________________________________________
43 Club Germany W 1 7 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
44 Combi Germany S N 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
45 Consort U.K. W N 7+9 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
46 Contra Germany W N 6+8 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
47 Contur Germany W N 6+8 5+10 1BL·1RS
48 Corado German W N 6+8 5+10 1BL·1RS
49 Devon Germany S 1 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
50 Dolomit Germany W N 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
51 Drake U.K. W N 6+8 2+12 1BL·1RS
52 Dynamo U.K. W N 6+8 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
53 Ebi Germany W N 7+8 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
54 Eiffel Netherlands W N 6+8 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
55 Encore U.K. W N 17+18 2+12 1BL·1RS
56 Equinox U.K. W N 6+8 3+12 1BL·1RS
57 Estica Netherlands W N 6+8 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
58 Eta Germany S 1 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
59 Eureka France W N 6+8 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
60 Euris Germany W N 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
61 Expert Austria W N 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
62 Extrem Austria W N 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
63 Fertil France W 1 17+18 3+12 NON 1BL·1RS
64 Flair Germany W N 6+8 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
65 Flambeau France W N 7+9 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
66 Flame U.K. W N 17+18 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
67 Florian Austria W N 7+9 5+10/2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
68 Florida Germany W 1 6+8 5+10 1BL·1RS
69 Fregatt Germany W 1 7+9 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
70 Fresco U.K. W N 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
71 Fruhprobst Germany W N 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
72 Genesis France W N 17+18 3+12 NON 1BL·1RS
73 Genial France W N 7 5+10 1BL·1RS
74 Georg Austria W 1 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
75 Glockner Germany W N 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
76 Gorbi Germany W N 6+8 2+12 1BL·1RS
77 Greif Germany W N 7 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
78 Hai Germany W N 6+8 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
79 Hakon Germany W N 7+9 5+10 1BL·1RS
80 Hanno Germany S 1 14+15 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
81 Hanseat Germany W N 6+8 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
82 Haven U.K. W N 6+8 2+12 1BL·1RS
83 Hereward U.K. W N 7+9 3+12 NON 1BL·1RS
84 Herzog Germany W N 7+9 2+12 1BL·1RS
85 Hornet U.K. W N 6+8 5+10/2+12 1BL·1RS/1B
86 Hunter U.K. W N 17+18 2+12 1BL·1RS
87 Hussar U.K. W 2* 6+8 3+12 1BL·1RS
88 Ibis Germany W N 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
89 Imbros Germany S 1 14+15 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
Table 2 (continued). HMW-glutenin subunit composition and the presence of the T1BL·1RS translocation in European spring and winter wheat cultivars.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
No. Cultivar Country Habit Glu-A1 Glu-B1 Glu-D1 T1BL·1RS
__________________________________________________________________________________________
90 Jaguar Germany W N 6+8 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
91 Jonas Germany W N 6+8 5+10 1BL·1RS
92 Jondolar Germany S 2* 14+15 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
93 Josef Austria W 1/2* 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
94 Kanzler Germany W N 7+8 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
95 Karat Austria W N 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
96 Kimon Netherlands W N 7+9 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
97 Klaros Germany S 1 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
98 Konsul Sweden W 2* 6+8 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
99 Kontrast Germany W N 17+18 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
100 Kraka Germany W N 6+8 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
101 Lambros Germany W N 6+8 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
102 Leopold Austria W N 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
103 Lindos Germany W N 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
104 Lona Switzerland S 1 14+15 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
105 Lone Denmark W 1 6+8 2+12 1BL·1RS
106 Longos Germany W N 6+8 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
107 Louvre Netherlands W N 7+9 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
108 Madrigal U.K. W N 6+8 3+12 1BL·1RS
109 Magellan U.K. W 1 6+8 3+12 NON 1BL·1RS
110 Markant Germany W N 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
111 Marrier U.K. W N 6+8 2+12 1BL·1RS
112 Mercia U.K. W N 6+8 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
113 Mieka Germany S 1 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
114 Mikon Germany W 1 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
115 Miras Germany W 2* 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
116 Moldau Germany W N 6+8 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
117 Monopol Germany W 1 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
118 Munk Germany S N 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
119 Nandu Germany S 1 7 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
120 Naxos Germany S 1 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
121 Niklas Germany W N 6+8 5+10 1BL·1RS
122 Obelisk Germany W N 13+19/7+9 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
123 Ohio Germany W N 6+8 2+12 1BL·1RS
124 Orestis Germany W N 7+9 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
125 Ortler Germany W N 7+9 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
126 Pagode Germany W N 7+9 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
127 Palermo Germany S 1 7+8 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
128 Pastiche U.K. W N 7+8 4+12 NON 1BL·1RS
129 Pegassos Germany W 1 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
130 Pepital Netherlands W N 6+8 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
131 Perlo Austria W 2* 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
132 Piko Germany W 1 6+8 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
133 Planet Germany S 1 7 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
134 Prophet U.K. W N 17+18 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
135 Ralle Germany S 1 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
136 Ramiro Germany W 1 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
Table 2 (continued). HMW-glutenin subunit composition and the presence of the T1BL·1RS translocation in European spring and winter wheat cultivars.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
No. Cultivar Country Habit Glu-A1 Glu-B1 Glu-D1 T1BL·1RS
__________________________________________________________________________________________
137 Reaper U.K. W 1 6+8 3+12 NON 1BL·1RS
138 Recital France W 2* 6+8 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
139 Record Germany W N 7+9 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
140 Rektor Germany W N 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
141 Remus Germany S 2* 14+15 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
142 Renan France W 2* 7+8 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
143 Rialto U.K. W 1 17+18 5+10 1BL·1RS
144 Riband U.K. W N 6+8 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
145 Ritmo Netherlands W 1 6+8 3+12 NON 1BL·1RS
146 Roemer Sweden W 1 6+8 2+12 1BL·1RS
147 Ronos Germany W N 7+8 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
148 Russet U.K. W N 7+9 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
149 Samanta Czech Republic W N 7+8 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
150 Sevin Denmark W N 6+8 2+12 1BL·1RS
151 Shiraz U.K S 1 14+15 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
152 Sideral France W N 7+9 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
153 Sleipner Sweden W N 6+8 2+12 1BL·1RS
154 Soissons France W 2* 7+8 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
155 Sperber Germany W N 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
156 Star Czech Republic S N 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
157 Tambor Germany W N 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
158 Tarso Germany W N 7+9 5+10 1BL·1RS
159 Thasos Germany S 1 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
160 Thesee France W N 6+8 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
161 Tinos Germany S 1 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
162 Topas Germany W N 6+8 5+10 NON 1BL.1RS
163 Torfrida U.K. W 1 17+18 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
164 Toronto Germany W N 7+9 5+10 1BL·1RS
165 Transit Germany W 1 6+8 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
166 Tremie France W N 6+8 3+12 NON 1BL·1RS
167 Tribun France W N 6+8 3+12 NON 1BL·1RS
168 Tristan Germany W N 7+9 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
169 Troll Germany S 2* 14+15 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
170 Turbo Germany S 1 7 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
171 Urban Germany W N 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
172 Versailles Netherlands W 1 6+8 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
173 Vivant U.K. W N 6+8 2+12 NON 1BL·1RS
174 Vlada Czech Republic W 1 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
175 Xanthos Germany W 1 6+8 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
176 Zentos Germany W N 7+9 5+10 NON 1BL·1RS
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Section II. The reciprocal T3B·6B and T5B·7B
translocations in European commercial wheat cultivars.
A set of 57 winter wheat cultivars grown in Europe were screened
for the presence of reciprocal translocations T5BS·7BS and
T5BL·7BL or T3BS·6BS and T3BL·6BL using C-banding.
Three cultivars possessed the T3BS·6BS and T3BL·6BL
translocations. These three cultivars, inheriting the translocations
from the cultivar `Alcedo', were developed by the
same breeder.
From the 57 analyzed cultivars, 14 (24.6 %) possessed
the reciprocal T5B·7B (T5BS·7BS and T5BL·7BL) translocations;
9 of these had the T1BL·1RS translocation, in addition (Table
3). All these 14 cultivars are among the highest yielding cultivars.
The reciprocal T5B·7B translocation appears to have a selective
advantage over the normal 5B and 7B chromosomes. The same probably
is true of the T3B·6B translocation. In order to find out
the effect of these translocations on agronomic performance, crosses
were made between genotypes with T5B·7B or T3B.6B and nontranslocation
genotypes. Near isogenic lines are being developed.
Table 3. Presence of the reciprocal T3B·6B and T5B·7B
translocations in European commerical wheat cultivars.
_________________________________________________________
Cultivar Country Translocations
_________________________________________________________
Charger U.K. 5BS·7BS + 5BL·7BL
Contra Germany 5BS·7BS + 5BL·7BL
Hanseat Germany 5BS·7BS + 5BL·7BL
Jaguar Germany 5BS·7BS + 5BL·7BL
Xanthos Germany 5BS·7BS + 5BL·7BL
_________________________________________________________
Apollo Germany 5BS·7BS + 5BL·7BL + 1BL·1RS
Athlet Germany 5BS·7BS + 5BL·7BL + 1BL·1RS
Beaver U.K. 5BS·7BS + 5BL·7BL + 1BL·1RS
Campus Germany 5BS·7BS + 5BL·7BL + 1BL·1RS
Clan Germany 5BS·7BS + 5BL·7BL + 1BL·1RS
Encore U.K. 5BS·7BS + 5BL·7BL + 1BL·1RS
Gorbi Germany 5BS·7BS + 5BL·7BL + 1BL·1RS
Haven U.K. 5BS·7BS + 5BL·7BL + 1BL·1RS
Rialto U.K. 5BS·7BS + 5BL·7BL + 1BL·1RS
_________________________________________________________
Alidos Germany 3BS·6BS + 3BL·6BL
Kontrast Germany 3BS·6BS + 3BL·6BL
Zentos Germany 3BS·6BS + 3BL·6BL
_________________________________________________________
Publications.
Kazman E, Bothe R, and Brunckhorst K. 1994. Auslese
auf Backqualität bei Weizen an Halbkörnern in der F2
mittels HMW-Glutenin-Elektrophorese. In: Proc
II GPZ Meeting 1994, Quedlingurg, Germany.
Kazman E, Brunckhorst K, and Röbbelen G. 1996.
Rekombination im 1BL·1RS-Translokations-Chromosom
zur Ertragssteigerung von Qualitätsweizen. In: Proc
III GPZ Meeting Feb. 1996, Köln, Germany (In press).
Kazman E and Lelley T. 1994. Rapid incorporation
of D-genome chromosomes into A and/or B genomes of hexaploid
triticale. Plant Breed 113:89-98.
Kazman E and Lelley T. 1996. Can bread-making
quality be introduced into hexaploid triticale by whole-chromosome
manipulation? In: Proc III Inter Triticale Symp, 1994,
Lisbon, Portugal (In press)
Kazman E, Lelley T, and Röbbelen G. 1993. Die
Backqualität von 6x-Triticale: Möglichkeiten chromosomaler
Manipulationen. Ber. 44 Arbeitstagung 1993, Vereinigung österr.
Pflanzenzüchter, Gumpenstein, Austeria. Pp 37-45.
Kazman E and Röbbelen G. 1996. Chromosomale
Manipulation zur Entwicklung von Backqualität in 6x-Triticale.
In: Proc Triticale Symp 1996, Göttingen, Germany (In
press).