Table of contents for Identifying the poor : using subjective and consensual measures / Karel van den Bosch.


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1   Defining and MeasuringPoverty
What is poverty?
Poverty measures currently used in empirical research
Conclusion                                X
2   Consensual Income Methods
Introduction and overview
The relativity of the consensual income threshold
Variation in the consensual income amounts
Income equivalence
The meaning of "getting along"
Some results for Belgium
Summary and conclusions
Appendix 2.1 A re-analysis of consensual income amounts
time series
3   The Consensual Standard of Living Approach
Introduction and a cross-country comparison
Factors influencing people's perception of necessities in
Britain and Belgium
Perceptions of necessity of different items: are they related?
Factors influencing the total number of necessities
Stability in time of perceptions of necessity in Belgium
Summary and conclusions
i it     



4   Income Evaluation Methods: A Review
Introduction
The SPL and LPL methods
Main results: a review
The effects of other variables: a review
-  ---R--eference group-effects-
The income concept in the mind of the respondent
5   Income Evaluation Methods: Empirical Results for Belgium
Introduction
Quality, reliability and construct validity of the answers to the
IEQ and the MIQ
Empirical determinants of income evaluations
Equivalence scales, income thresholds and low-income rates
Appendix 5.1 Details on sample design and calculation of
standard errors
6   Interpretation, Validity and Usefulness of the Income
Evaluation Method
Introduction
Is the IEQ a cardinal measure of welfare?
Interpersonal comparability of the answers to the income
evaluation questions
Income evaluations as indicators of a social consensus
Income evaluations as indirect measures of welfare
Reliability and validity of the answers to the MIQ and IEQ
Validity of the equivalence scales produced by the income
evaluation approach: why are they so flat?
Validity and usefulness of the SPL and LPL income
thresholds
Conclusion: interpretation, validity and usefulness of the
income evaluation approach
7   The Income Satisfaction Method
Introduction
Derivation of equivalence scales and poverty thresholds
Overview of other studies



Specification of the relationship between household income
and income satisfaction
Quality, reliability and validity of income satisfaction
measures
A probit model of income satisfaction
Equivalence scales and income thresholds
-- Tne-'-rosy-outlook' e-ffect-
Random measurement error in household income
Income satisfaction and reference income
Satisfaction from income and the evaluation of income:
different concepts?
Summary and conclusion
8   Summary and Conclusions
Introduction
The definition and measurement of poverty
The consensual income method
The consensual standard-of-living approach
The income evaluation approach
The income satisfaction method
Concluding remarks
Bibliography