Cheron Ferland and Susan Haig, 2002, 2001 International Piping Plover Census.
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| Value | Definition |
|---|---|
| Breeding | |
| Winter |
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| Yes | |
| No |
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| yes | |
| no |
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| yes | |
| no |
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| Codeset Name: | I_Country |
| Codeset Source: | pipl_census.mdb |
List of counties or regions
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| Maximum: | 2400 |
| Units: | hours and minutes |
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| Maximum: | 24 |
| Units: | decimal hours |
| Resolution: | 0.01 |
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| Maximum: | 90 |
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| Maximum: | 60 |
| Units: | minutes |
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| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | 60 |
| Units: | seconds |
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| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | 180 |
| Units: | degrees |
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| Maximum: | 60 |
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| Maximum: | 60 |
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| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | 90 |
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| Maximum: | 60 |
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| Maximum: | 60 |
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| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | 180 |
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| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | 60 |
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| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | 60 |
| Units: | seconds |
Yes indicated by check box
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| Minimum: | 0.1 (blank indicates null) |
| Maximum: | unknown maximum |
| Units: | kilometers |
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| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | 90 |
| Units: | decimal degrees |
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| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | 90 |
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| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | 60 |
| Units: | minutes |
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| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | 60 |
| Units: | seconds |
Text description
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| Maximum: | 180 |
| Units: | decimal degrees |
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| Maximum: | 180 |
| Units: | degrees |
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| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | 60 |
| Units: | minutes |
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| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | 60 |
| Units: | seconds |
Integer reference numbers assigned according to user-defined scheme (Ascending from North to South; East to West)
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| Minimum: | 0.1 (blank indicates null) |
| Maximum: | unknown maximum |
| Units: | miles |
Integer index numbers with an "mr" prefix.
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| Codeset Name: | I_Ownership |
| Codeset Source: | pipl_census.mdb |
Yes indicated by check box
Yes indicated by check box
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| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | unknown maximum |
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| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | 100 |
| Units: | percent |
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Combination of integer range number and a E (east) or W (west) suffix.
Unique sequential integer values
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| Codeset Name: | I_Region |
| Codeset Source: | pipl_census.mdb |
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| Rising | |
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| Minimum: | unknown minimum |
| Maximum: | unknown maximum |
| Units: | miles |
| Resolution: | 0.1 |
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| Minimum: | 1 |
| Maximum: | 36 |
unbounded list of site names
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| Minimum: | 0 |
| Maximum: | 2400 |
| Units: | hours and minutes |
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| Minimum: | 0.00 |
| Maximum: | 24.00 |
| Units: | decimal hours |
| Resolution: | 0.01 |
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| Codeset Name: | I_State |
| Codeset Source: | pipl_census.mdb |
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| Codeset Name: | I_Subregion |
| Codeset Source: | pipl_census.mdb |
Date format (mm/dd/yyyy)
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| Units: | hours |
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| Units: | degrees Celsius |
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| Units: | degrees Fahrenheit |
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| Codeset Name: | I_Tide |
| Codeset Source: | pipl_census.mdb |
unbounded list of topographic map names
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Combination of integer township number and a N (north) or S (south) suffix.
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| Codeset Name: | I_Transportation |
| Codeset Source: | pipl_census.mdb |
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| Maximum: | 1000000 |
| Units: | meters |
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| Units: | meters |
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| Codeset Name: | I_Weather |
| Codeset Source: | pipl_census.mdb |
| Value | Definition |
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| N | |
| NNE | North-Northeast |
| NE | |
| ENE | East-Northeast |
| E | |
| ESE | East-Southeast |
| SE | |
| SSE | South-Southeast |
| S | |
| SSW | South-Southwest |
| SW | |
| WSW | West-Southwest |
| W | |
| WNW | West-Northwest |
| NW | |
| NNW | North-Northwest |
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| Units: | kilometers per hour |
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| Maximum: | unknown limit |
| Units: | miles per hour |
| Value | Definition |
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| 1991 | |
| 1996 | |
| 2001 |
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| Maximum: | 90 |
| Units: | degrees, minutes, seconds |
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| Maximum: | 180 |
| Units: | degrees, minutes, seconds |
Values in this field are represented as single years, ranges of years, or months listed with year.
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| Codeset Name: | I_Country |
| Codeset Source: | pipl_census.mdb |
Comment field
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| Codeset Name: | I_Country |
| Codeset Source: | pipl_census.mdb |
Date format (mm/dd/yyyy)
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Unbounded list of telephone numbers
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Unbounded list of colors and descriptors
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| Codeset Name: | I_Species |
| Codeset Source: | pipl_census.mdb |
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| Codeset Name: | I_State |
| Codeset Source: | pipl_census.mdb |
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| Codeset Name: | I_State |
| Codeset Source: | pipl_census.mdb |
Unbounded list of postal codes
The 2001 International Census was carried out in collaboration with the International Piping Plover Coordination Group consisting of many of the founding census members: Susan Haig, (U.S. Geological Survey - Coordinator), Diane Amirault (Canadian Wildlife Service - Atlantic Canada), Paul Goossen (Canadian Wildlife Service - Prairie Canada), Anne Hecht (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - U.S. Atlantic), Nell McPhillips (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - U.S. Northern Great Plains), Jack Dingledine (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service - Great Lakes), and Francesca Cuthbert (University of Minnesota - Great Lakes).We commend the state, provincial, and national coordinators for their efforts throughout the process and wish to thank the thousands of federal, state, provincial, and non-governmental biologists and other volunteers throughout North America.
Funding for the census was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Patty Kelly, Nell McPhillips and T.J. Miller); U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Casey Kruse); and the Missouri River Natural Resources Committee. We further thank personnel at the USGS Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center for advice on data management and mapping.
(541) 750-7482 (voice)
(541) 758-8806 (FAX)
susan_haig@usgs.gov
The first International Piping Plover Census focused on clarification of the species distribution particularly in the breeding season (Haig and Plissner 1993). The second census was carried out in 1996 and focused on better clarification of the winter distribution as well as provided breeding population estimates used in viability modeling (Plissner and Haig 2000a,b, Mabee et al. 2001). The 2001 census provides the first opportunity to look at long-term changes in population numbers and the species breeding distribution. It further strives to identify key winter sites an issue that remains elusive for sites outside the continental U.S. Finally, for the first time, in 2001, Snowy Plovers (C. alexandrinus) were included in the winter census. In North America, Snowy Plovers winter along the Pacific Coast, Gulf of Mexico, and throughout the Caribbean and Bahamas (Page et al. 1995, Gorman and Haig 2002). Thus, their winter distribution does not completely overlap with Piping Plovers, but they were surveyed at sites where they co-occurred with wintering Piping Plovers on the Gulf of Mexico.
The 2001 International Piping Plover Census was conducted following the methodologies of the 1991 and 1996 censuses (Haig and Plissner 1993; Plissner and Haig 1997) and was coordinated through the International Piping Plover Coordination Group (S. Haig, D. Amirault, F. Cuthbert, J. Dingledine, P. Goossen, A. Hecht, N. McPhillips).
Censuses were conducted during two periods, corresponding to mid-winter and mid-breeding seasons. Multiple-counts of individuals were minimized by limiting survey efforts to a narrow time period when migratory and post-breeding movements were least likely. The winter census was conducted prior to the breeding census to allow intrayear comparisons without the confounding effects of young birds of the year. 29 January through 12 February 2001 was designated as the primary period for the winter census. The breeding portion of the census was conducted between 3 June and 16 June 2001 for all regions except the U.S. Atlantic, which was completed from 26 May thru 3 June. The U.S. Atlantic window occurred earlier than other regions in order to address a concern that extreme high tides on the 4 June full moon would cause a misrepresentation of Piping Plover breeding pairs. During both censuses, surveys completed during the weeks immediately prior to or following the census "windows" were also accepted if it was unlikely that birds would have been counted elsewhere.
Priorities for census coverage included all sites known to have supported Piping Plovers during or since the 1996 census and areas that were known to have suitable habitat (Plissner and Haig 1997) in 1996 or later. Census coordinators were designated for all states, provinces, territories, and countries where Piping Plovers are known or presumed to breed or winter. These individuals subsequently organized local survey efforts, provided standardized forms and guidelines to individual censusers, and collected and presented results to the primary census coordinator (C. Ferland).
The winter census was conducted along the southeast Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States, Puerto Rico, and Cuba. Snowy Plovers were also counted within the states and countries where their winter range overlapped with the International Piping Plover Census (Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Cuba, and Puerto Rico). Requests for reports of Piping and Snowy Plover sightings were also sent to key individuals in the Bahamas, Bermuda, Jamaica, the Dominican Republic, French West Indies, and Mexico.
The breeding census covered known and potential breeding areas along the Atlantic Coast from Newfoundland to South Carolina, shorelines of the Great Lakes, Lake-of-the-Woods in Minnesota and Ontario, and suitable wetlands, lakes, and rivers of the U.S. Northern Great Plains and Prairie Canada. Exploratory surveys were also conducted along Great Lake’s shorelines in Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Pennsylvania, and New York, focusing on sites within the historic range of the Great Lakes breeding population (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1988b).
Local observers were provided with census guidelines and data forms. They were asked to conduct a single survey within the designated census period, providing an exact count of the number of adult Piping Plovers observed. Emphasis was placed on avoiding censuses during extreme weather conditions and minimizing disturbance of birds. Observers were discouraged from searching for nests and young during the breeding portion of the census. During the breeding surveys, censusers were asked to designate criteria for determining pair status and unpaired birds were separated into those seen with nests or young and those observed without nests or young present. See Plissner and Haig (2000b) for discussion of pair designation. By combining the numbers of paired birds and the numbers of individuals seen with nests or young, we derived figures corresponding to counts of "breeding pairs", as defined by the revised Atlantic Coast Recovery Plan (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1996).
Censusers were also encouraged to designate areas surveyed on maps to facilitate identification of specific locations of Piping Plovers within a site and comparisons with past and future censuses. Sites were not uniformly defined and represented from 0.1 km to 197 km of shoreline. Additional information was requested on census time, weather and tidal conditions, general habitat characteristics, extent of area censused, identification of banded individuals, and observations of injured birds.
Reference:
Gorman, L.R. and S. M. Haig, Unpublished Material, Distribution, abundance, and status of Snowy Plovers in eastern North America, the Caribbean, and Bahamas: Journal of Field Ornithology submitted for publication.
Not applicable
Census guidelines include the following:
Avoid conducting surveys during extreme weather conditions, which not only results in inaccurate census data, but also increases risks of disturbance to the birds.
Census priorities: Ideally, all habitat recently and/or currently suitable for Piping Plovers should be surveyed in 2001. Due to lack of information about sites or other constraints, however, this goal may not be achievable in some states/provinces. To meet census objectives, we therefore suggest the following priorities: 1) Sites that had Piping Plovers present in 1991, 1996 or later. 2) Sites that had suitable Piping Plover habitat in 1991 and 1996. 3) Sites that were unsuitable when censused in 1996 but that have been suitable more recently. 4) Sites not censused in 1996 but that are likely to contain suitable Piping Plover habitat. 5) Sites not censused in 1996 but with historic records of use by Piping Plovers. To most accurately analyze population trends over the past ten years, at least the first three priorities need to be met.
No tests for logical consistency were conducted
Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
- Access_Constraints: Data are available from the data originator by request only.
- Use_Constraints:
- Please cite data set originators when using these data in an analysis or publication.
541-750-1030 (voice)
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