Section 10 REFERENCES 

10References 
American Society of Civil Engineers, 1995. ASCE 7-95, Minimum Design Loads for 
Buildings and Other Structures. Washington, DC. 

Colegio de Ingenieros y Agrimensores de Puerto Rico, Defensa Civil Estatal de 
Puerto Rico, and Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1996. Huracanes en 
Puerto Rico: Guía de Mitigación de Daños. 

Earth Scientific Consultants. Analysis of the Tsunami Potential of Northwestern 
Puerto Rico. 

Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1998. Project Impact: Building a Disaster-
Resistant Community. FEMA website.


Hurricane Research Center, 1998. Preliminary Report. Key Biscayne, FL.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1998. Georges Pummels
Caribbean, Florida Keys and U.S. Gulf Coast. NOAA website.


National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1998. The Saffir-Simpson


Hurricane Scale. NOAA website.
National Weather Service, 1998. Preliminary Post Hurricane Report. Hurricane
Research Division. Miami, FL. NWS website.


National Weather Service, 1998. Preliminary Report. San Juan, Puerto Rico.


National Weather Service, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 1998. Tropical Storms and
Hurricanes of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. NWFSO website.
New York Times, 1998. .Costs for Storm Relief Set a Red Cross Record.. October 18,


1998. New York, NY.


Southern Regional Climate Center, 1998. Hurricane Georges Storm Information.
Baton Rouge, LA. SRCC website.
United States Army Corp of Engineers, 1998. Hurricane Georges. Mobile District


September 1998. Mobile, AL. U.S. Army Corp of Engineers website.
University of Texas, 1998. The Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection. Austin, TX.
The University of Texas at Austin website.


To order FEMA publications, call 800/480-2520 or write FEMA Distributional Facility, PO Box 
2012, Jessup, MD 20794-2012. 

Building Performance Assessment: Hurricane Georges In Puerto Rico 


Appendix A MEMBERS OF THE BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM FOR HURRICANE GEORGES 

Appendix A
Members of the Building Performance AssessmentTeam for Hurricane Georges 

FEMA BPAT Members: 

JHUN DE LA CRUZ
Insurance Underwriter Specialist
Federal Insurance Administration
Washington, DC


BRET GATES
Floodplain Management Specialist
Mitigation Directorate, Headquarters
Washington, DC


KAREN HELBRECHT
Hazard Mitigation Planner
Mitigation Directorate, Headquarters
Washington, DC


CLIFFORD OLIVER, CEM
Project Officer
Mitigation Directorate, Headquarters
Washington, DC


PAUL TERTELL, P.E.
Team Leader, Civil Engineer
Mitigation Directorate, Headquarters
Washington, DC


BPAT Team Members: 

SUSAN COOKE ANASTASI
Technical Editor
URS Greiner Woodward Clyde Federal Services
Gaithersburg, MD


CARLOS COMPAÑ
Y
Wind Engineer
Texas Tech University
Lubbock, TX


Building Performance Assessment: Hurricane Georges In Puerto Rico 


DANIEL DEEGAN
Civil Engineer
URS Greiner Woodward Clyde Federal Services
Atlanta, GA


FRANK DOMINGUEZ, A.I.A.
Architect
McCullough-Dominguez
San Juan, PR


WILLIAM KERR
Technical Writer
Greenhorne & O.Mara, Inc.
Greenbelt, MD


MARK McCULLOUGH, A.I.A.
Architect
McCullough-Dominguez
San Juan, PR


THOMAS L. SMITH, A.I.A.
Architect
TLSmith Consulting, Inc.
Rockton, IL


E. SCOTT TEZAK, P.E. 
Structural Engineer 
Greenhorne & O.Mara, Inc. 
Greenbelt, MD 
A-2 

Building Performance Assessment: Hurricane Georges In Puerto Rico 


Appendix B PRESIDENTIAL DISASTER DECLARATIONS IN PUERTO RICO 

Presidential Disaster Declarations In 
Puerto Rico 
Declaration Cause Declaration Emergency 
Date Number Number 
8/1/56 Hurricane 62 
5/26/64 Extreme Drought Conditions 170 
10/12/70 Heavy Rains and Flooding 296 
8/29/74 Extreme Drought Conditions 3002 
11/30/74 Flooding 455 
9/19/75 Tropical Storm Eloise 483 
9/2/79 Hurricane David 597 
5/31/85 Storms, Mud/land slides, Flooding 736 
10/10/85 Severe storms, Mudslides, Flooding 746 
7/10/86 Heavy Rains, Flooding, Mudslides 768 
12/17/87 Severe Storms, Flooding 805 
9/21/89 Hurricane Hugo 842 
1/22/92 Severe Storms, Flooding 931 
9/16/95 Hurricane Marilyn 1068 
9/11/96 Hurricane Hortense 1136 
11/21/96 Gas Leak Explosion 3124 
9/21/98 Hurricane Georges 1247 3130 

Appendix B 
B1

Building Performance Assessment: Hurricane Georges In Puerto Rico 


ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 

Acknowledgments 

The BPAT would like to thank the following people for their assistance and/or review of the 
BPAT report: 

William Coulbourne, P.E., Greenhorne & O.Mara, Inc. 

Ismael Pagán Trinidad, University of Puerto Rico Mayagüez Campus 

Dr. Raul Zapata, University of Puerto Rico Mayagüez Campus 

Dr. Ricardo Lopez, University of Puerto Rico Mayagüez Campus 

Philip Line, American Forest and Paper Association 

Richard Okawa, P.E., V.P., International Conference of Building Officials 

Eng. Jorge Garcia Faneytth, ARPE 

Eng. Carlos O. Gonzalez, ARPE 

Eng. Rafael Morales, Government of Puerto Rico Planning Board 

Tom Kane, FEMA, Deputy Federal Coordinator - Mitigation for Puerto Rico 

Harold Spedding, FEMA - Puerto Rico 
Terrence A. Leppellere, P.E., V.P., Building Officials & Code Administration 
International 

José R. Caballero-Mercado, President, Government of Puerto Rico Planning Board 

Rafael Mojica, National Weather Service, San Juan, Puerto Rico 

Jianming Yin, Ph.D., Applied Insurance Research, Inc. 

Building Performance Assessment: Hurricane Georges In Puerto Rico