-CITE- 5 USC CHAPTER 31 - AUTHORITY FOR EMPLOYMENT 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 5 - GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES PART III - EMPLOYEES Subpart B - Employment and Retention CHAPTER 31 - AUTHORITY FOR EMPLOYMENT -HEAD- CHAPTER 31 - AUTHORITY FOR EMPLOYMENT -MISC1- SUBCHAPTER I - EMPLOYMENT AUTHORITIES Sec. 3101. General authority to employ. 3102. Employment of personal assistants for handicapped employees, including blind and deaf employees. 3103. Employment at seat of Government only for services rendered. 3104. Employment of specially qualified scientific and professional personnel. 3105. Appointment of administrative law judges. 3106. Employment of attorneys; restrictions. 3107. Employment of publicity experts; restrictions. 3108. Employment of detective agencies; restrictions. 3109. Employment of experts and consultants; temporary or intermittent. 3110. Employment of relatives; restrictions. 3111. Acceptance of volunteer service. 3112. Disabled veterans; noncompetitive appointment. 3113. Restriction on reemployment after conviction of certain crimes. 3114. Appointment of accountants, economists, and examiners by the Securities and Exchange Commission. SUBCHAPTER II - THE SENIOR EXECUTIVE SERVICE 3131. The Senior Executive Service. 3132. Definitions and exclusions. 3133. Authorization of positions; authority for appointment. 3134. Limitations on noncareer and limited appointments. [3135. Repealed.] 3136. Regulations. SUBCHAPTER III - THE FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION AND DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION SENIOR EXECUTIVE SERVICE 3151. The Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service. 3152. Limitation on pay. SUBCHAPTER IV - TEMPORARY ORGANIZATIONS ESTABLISHED BY LAW OR EXECUTIVE ORDER 3161. Employment and compensation of employees. AMENDMENTS 2003 - Pub. L. 108-44, Sec. 2(b), July 3, 2003, 117 Stat. 843, added item 3114. 2000 - Pub. L. 106-398, Sec. 1 [[div. A], title XI, Sec. 1101(b)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A-310, added subchapter IV heading and item 3161. 1997 - Pub. L. 105-61, title VI, Sec. 638(b), Oct. 10, 1997, 111 Stat. 1317, added item 3113. 1995 - Pub. L. 104-66, title II, Sec. 2181(a)(2), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 732, struck out item 3135 "Biennial report". 1988 - Pub. L. 100-325, Sec. 1(b), May 30, 1988, 102 Stat. 581, added subchapter III heading and items 3151 and 3152. 1980 - Pub. L. 96-523, Sec. 1(b), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 3040, substituted "personal assistants for handicapped employees, including blind and" for "reading assistants for blind employees and interpreting assistants for" in item 3102. 1978 - Pub. L. 95-454, title III, Secs. 301(b), 302(b)(1), 307(b)(3), title IV, Sec. 402(c), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1145, 1146, 1148, 1160, added heading for subchapter I, substituted "reading assistants for blind employees and interpreting assistants for deaf employees" for "readers for blind employees" in item 3102, and added items 3111, 3112, heading for subchapter II, and items 3131 to 3136. Pub. L. 95-251, Sec. 2(c)(2), Mar. 27, 1978, 92 Stat. 184, substituted "administrative law judges" for "hearing examiners" in item 3105. 1967 - Pub. L. 90-206, title II, Sec. 221(b), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 640, added item 3110. -End- -CITE- 5 USC SUBCHAPTER I - EMPLOYMENT AUTHORITIES 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 5 - GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES PART III - EMPLOYEES Subpart B - Employment and Retention CHAPTER 31 - AUTHORITY FOR EMPLOYMENT SUBCHAPTER I - EMPLOYMENT AUTHORITIES -HEAD- SUBCHAPTER I - EMPLOYMENT AUTHORITIES -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1979 - Pub. L. 96-54, Sec. 2(a)(10), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 381, added heading for subchapter I. -End- -CITE- 5 USC Sec. 3101 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 5 - GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES PART III - EMPLOYEES Subpart B - Employment and Retention CHAPTER 31 - AUTHORITY FOR EMPLOYMENT SUBCHAPTER I - EMPLOYMENT AUTHORITIES -HEAD- Sec. 3101. General authority to employ -STATUTE- Each Executive agency, military department, and the government of the District of Columbia may employ such number of employees of the various classes recognized by chapter 51 of this title as Congress may appropriate for from year to year. -SOURCE- (Pub. L. 89-554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 414.) -MISC1- HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES -------------------------------------------------------------------- Derivation U.S. Code Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large -------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 U.S.C. 43. R.S. Sec. 169. June 26, 1930, ch. 618, 46 Stat. 817. 5 U.S.C. 514d (2d Sept. 21, 1944, ch. 412, par.). Sec. 709, 58 Stat. 743. -------------------------------------------------------------------- The authorization is restated to conform to the style of this title. The word "Executive agency" are substituted for "executive department, independent establishment" in view of the definitions in sections 103, 104, and 105. The source statute (an act to authorize the appointment of employees in the executive branch etc.) applied to the entire executive branch, and government corporations as well as other agencies in the executive branch were included within the words "independent establishment". The words "or a military department" are inserted to preserve the application of the source statute. Before enactment of the National Security Act Amendments of 1949 (63 Stat. 578), the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force were Executive departments. The National Security Act Amendments of 1949 established the Department of Defense as an Executive department including the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force as military departments, not as Executive departments. However, the source statute for this subsection, which was in effect in 1949, remained applicable to the Secretaries of the military departments by virtue of section 12(g) of the National Security Act Amendments of 1949 (63 Stat. 591), which is set out in the reviser's note for section 301. The words "for services in the District of Columbia or elsewhere" are eliminated as surplusage. The reference to chapter 51 is substituted for the reference to the Classification Act of 1923 because the Act of Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, Sec. 1106(a), 63 Stat. 972, amended the section to refer to the Classification Act of 1949, which is carried into this title. The proviso in former section 43 and former section 514d (2d par.) are omitted as superseded by former section 22a, which is carried into section 302. The last sentence of the Act of June 26, 1930, is omitted as executed. This section was part of title IV of the Revised Statutes. The Act of July 26, 1947, ch. 343, Sec. 201(d), as added Aug. 10, 1949, ch. 412, Sec. 4, 63 Stat. 579 (former 5 U.S.C. 171-1), which provides "Except to the extent inconsistent with the provisions of this Act [National Security Act of 1947], the provisions of title IV of the Revised Statutes as now or hereafter amended shall be applicable to the Department of Defense" is omitted from this title but is not repealed. Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report. REDUCTION OF FEDERAL FULL-TIME EQUIVALENT POSITIONS Pub. L. 103-226, Sec. 5, Mar. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 115, as amended by Pub. L. 103-329, title VI, Sec. 631, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2424; Pub. L. 108-271, Sec. 8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814, provided that: "(a) Definition. - For the purpose of this section, the term 'agency' means an Executive agency (as defined by section 105 of title 5, United States Code), but does not include the Government Accountability Office. "(b) Limitations on Full-Time Equivalent Positions. - The President, through the Office of Management and Budget (in consultation with the Office of Personnel Management), shall ensure that the total number of full-time equivalent positions in all agencies shall not exceed - "(1) 2,084,600 during fiscal year 1994; "(2) 2,043,300 during fiscal year 1995; "(3) 2,003,300 during fiscal year 1996; "(4) 1,963,300 during fiscal year 1997; "(5) 1,922,300 during fiscal year 1998; and "(6) 1,882,300 during fiscal year 1999. "(c) Monitoring and Notification. - The Office of Management and Budget, after consultation with the Office of Personnel Management, shall - "(1) continuously monitor all agencies and make a determination on the first date of each quarter of each applicable fiscal year of whether the requirements under subsection (b) are met; and "(2) notify the President and the Congress on the first date of each quarter of each applicable fiscal year of any determination that any requirement of subsection (b) is not met. "(d) Compliance. - If, at any time during a fiscal year, the Office of Management and Budget notifies the President and the Congress that any requirement under subsection (b) is not met, no agency may hire any employee for any position in such agency until the Office of Management and Budget notifies the President and the Congress that the total number of full-time equivalent positions for all agencies equals or is less than the applicable number required under subsection (b). "(e) Waiver. - "(1) Emergencies. - Any provision of this section may be waived upon a determination by the President that - "(A) the existence of a state of war or other national security concern so requires; or "(B) the existence of an extraordinary emergency threatening life, health, safety, property, or the environment so requires. "(2) Agency efficiency or critical mission. - "(A) Subsection (d) may be waived, in the case of a particular position or category of positions in an agency, upon a determination of the President that the efficiency of the agency or the performance of a critical agency mission so requires. "(B) Whenever the President grants a waiver pursuant to subparagraph (A), the President shall take all necessary actions to ensure that the overall limitations set forth in subsection (b) are not exceeded. "(f) Employment Backfill Prevention. - "(1) In general. - The total number of funded employee positions in all agencies (excluding the Department of Defense and the Central Intelligence Agency) shall be reduced by one position for each vacancy created by the separation of any employee who has received, or is due to receive, a voluntary separation incentive payment under section 3(a)-(e) [5 U.S.C. 5597 note]. For purposes of this subsection, positions and vacancies shall be counted on a full-time-equivalent basis. "(2) Related restriction. - No funds budgeted for and appropriated by any Act for salaries or expenses of positions eliminated under this subsection may be used for any purpose other than authorized separation costs. "(3) Applicability of backfill prevention provisions to agencies otherwise exempted from fte reduction. - "(A) In general. - If any agency is otherwise exempted by any law from the limitations on full-time equivalent positions or the restrictions on hiring established by this section - "(i) paragraph (1) shall apply to vacancies created in such agency; and "(ii) the reductions required pursuant to clause (i) shall be made in the number of funded employee positions in such agency. "(B) Waiver authority. - In the case of a particular position in an agency, subparagraph (A) may be waived upon a determination by the head of the agency that the performance of a critical agency mission requires the waiver. "(C) Relation to other law. - No law may be construed as suspending or modifying this paragraph unless such law specifically amends this paragraph. "(g) Limitation on Procurement of Service Contracts. - The President shall take appropriate action to ensure that there is no increase in the procurement of service contracts by reason of the enactment of this Act [see Tables for classification], except in cases in which a cost comparison demonstrates such contracts would be to the financial advantage of the Federal Government." LIMITATION ON NUMBER OF CIVILIAN EMPLOYEES IN EXECUTIVE BRANCH Pub. L. 95-454, title III, Sec. 311, Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1153, which provided that the total number of civilian employees in the executive branch, on Sept. 30, 1979, on Sept. 30, 1980, and Sept. 30, 1981, shall not exceed the number of such employees on Sept. 30, 1977, terminated by its own terms on Jan. 31, 1981. Pub. L. 91-47, title V, Sec. 503, July 22, 1969, 83 Stat. 83, repealed section 201 of Pub. L. 90-364, title II, June 28, 1968, 82 Stat. 270, which provided for limitation on the number of civilian officers and employees in the executive branch and which was formerly set out under this section. FREEZE ON HIRING OF FEDERAL CIVILIAN EMPLOYEES Memorandum of the President of the United States, dated Jan. 20, 1981, 46 F.R. 9907, provided for a freeze on the hiring of Federal civilian employees in the executive branch. CITIZENSHIP REQUIREMENT FOR EMPLOYEES COMPENSATED FROM APPROPRIATED FUNDS Pub. L. 109-115, div. A, title VIII, Sec. 805, Nov. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2496, provided that: "Unless otherwise specified during the current fiscal year, no part of any appropriation contained in this or any other Act shall be used to pay the compensation of any officer or employee of the Government of the United States (including any agency the majority of the stock of which is owned by the Government of the United States) whose post of duty is in the continental United States unless such person: (1) is a citizen of the United States; (2) is a person in the service of the United States on the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 30, 2005] who, being eligible for citizenship, has filed a declaration of intention to become a citizen of the United States prior to such date and is actually residing in the United States; (3) is a person who owes allegiance to the United States; (4) is an alien from Cuba, Poland, South Vietnam, the countries of the former Soviet Union, or the Baltic countries lawfully admitted to the United States for permanent residence; (5) is a South Vietnamese, Cambodian, or Laotian refugee paroled in the United States after January 1, 1975; or (6) is a national of the People's Republic of China who qualifies for adjustment of status pursuant to the Chinese Student Protection Act of 1992 (Public Law 102-404) [8 U.S.C. 1255 note]: Provided, That for the purpose of this section, an affidavit signed by any such person shall be considered prima facie evidence that the requirements of this section with respect to his or her status have been complied with: Provided further, That any person making a false affidavit shall be guilty of a felony, and, upon conviction, shall be fined no more than $4,000 or imprisoned for not more than 1 year, or both: Provided further, That the above penal clause shall be in addition to, and not in substitution for, any other provisions of existing law: Provided further, That any payment made to any officer or employee contrary to the provisions of this section shall be recoverable in action by the Federal Government. This section shall not apply to citizens of Ireland, Israel, or the Republic of the Philippines, or to nationals of those countries allied with the United States in a current defense effort, or to international broadcasters employed by the United States Information Agency, or to temporary employment of translators, or to temporary employment in the field service (not to exceed 60 days) as a result of emergencies." [For abolition of United States Information Agency (other than Broadcasting Board of Governors and International Broadcasting Bureau), transfer of functions, and treatment of references thereto, see sections 6531, 6532, and 6551 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse.] Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts: Pub. L. 108-447, div. H, title VI, Sec. 605, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3273. Pub. L. 108-199, div. F, title VI, Sec. 605, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 350. Pub. L. 108-7, div. J, title VI, Sec. 605, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 464. Pub. L. 107-67, title VI, Sec. 605, Nov. 12, 2001, 115 Stat. 545, as amended by Pub. L. 108-188, title I, Sec. 110, Dec. 17, 2003, 117 Stat. 2757. Pub. L. 106-554, Sec. 1(a)(3) [title VI, Sec. 605], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2763, 2763A-155. Pub. L. 106-58, title VI, Sec. 605, Sept. 29, 1999, 113 Stat. 466. Pub. L. 105-277, div. A, Sec. 101(h) [title VI, Sec. 606], Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681-480, 2681-513. Pub. L. 105-61, title VI, Sec. 606, Oct. 10, 1997, 111 Stat. 1309. Pub. L. 104-208, div. A, title I, Sec. 101(f) [title VI, Sec. 606], Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3009-314, 3009-354. Pub. L. 104-52, title VI, Sec. 606, Nov. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 497. Pub. L. 103-329, title VI, Sec. 606, Sept. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 2416. Pub. L. 103-123, title VI, Sec. 606, Oct. 28, 1993, 107 Stat. 1259. Pub. L. 102-393, title VI, Sec. 607, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1766. Pub. L. 102-141, title VI, Sec. 607, Oct. 28, 1991, 105 Stat. 868. Pub. L. 101-509, title VI, Sec. 603, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1471. Pub. L. 101-136, title VI, Sec. 603, Nov. 3, 1989, 103 Stat. 816. Pub. L. 100-440, title VI, Sec. 603, Sept. 22, 1988, 102 Stat. 1751. Pub. L. 100-202, Sec. 101(m) [title VI, Sec. 603], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329-390, 1329-419. Pub. L. 99-500, Sec. 101(m) [title VI, Sec. 603], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783-308, 1783-328, and Pub. L. 99-591, Sec. 101(m) [title VI, Sec. 603], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341-308, 3341-328. Pub. L. 99-190, title I, Sec. 101(h) [H.R. 3036, title VI, Sec. 603], Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1291. Pub. L. 98-473, title I, Sec. 101(j) [H.R. 5798, title VI, Sec. 604], Oct. 12, 1984, 98 Stat. 1963. Pub. L. 98-151, Sec. 101(f) [H.R. 4139, title VI, Sec. 603], Nov. 14, 1983, 97 Stat. 973. Pub. L. 97-377, title I, Sec. 101(a) [incorporating H.R. 4121, title VI, Sec. 603, for FY 1982], Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1830. Pub. L. 97-92, Sec. 101(a) [H.R. 4121, title VI, Sec. 603], Dec. 15, 1981, 95 Stat. 1183. Pub. L. 96-536, Sec. 101(a) [incorporating Pub. L. 96-74, title VI, Sec. 602], Dec. 16, 1980, 94 Stat. 3166. Pub. L. 96-74, title VI, Sec. 602, Sept. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 574. Pub. L. 95-429, title VI, Sec. 602, Oct. 10, 1978, 92 Stat. 1015. Pub. L. 95-81, title VI, Sec. 602, July 31, 1977, 91 Stat. 354. Pub. L. 94-419, title VII, Sec. 750, Sept. 22, 1976, 90 Stat. 1299. Pub. L. 94-363, title VI, Sec. 602, July 14, 1976, 90 Stat. 977. Pub. L. 94-212, title VII, Sec. 753, Feb. 9, 1976, 90 Stat. 177. Pub. L. 94-91, title VI, Sec. 602, Aug. 9, 1975, 89 Stat. 458. Pub. L. 93-381, title VI, Sec. 602, Aug. 21, 1974, 88 Stat. 630. Pub. L. 93-143, title VI, Sec. 602, Oct. 30, 1973, 87 Stat. 524. Pub. L. 92-351, title VI, Sec. 602, July 13, 1972, 86 Stat. 487. Pub. L. 92-49, title VI, Sec. 602, July 9, 1971, 85 Stat. 122. Pub. L. 91-439, title V, Sec. 502, Oct. 7, 1970, 84 Stat. 902. Pub. L. 91-144, title V, Sec. 502, Dec. 11, 1969, 83 Stat. 336. Pub. L. 90-479, title V, Sec. 502, Aug. 12, 1968, 82 Stat. 717. Pub. L. 90-147, title V, Sec. 502, Nov. 20, 1967, 81 Stat. 483. Pub. L. 89-689, title V, Sec. 502, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 1014. Pub. L. 89-299, title V, Sec. 502, Oct. 28, 1965, 79 Stat. 1108. Pub. L. 88-511, title V, Sec. 502, Aug. 30, 1964, 78 Stat. 693. Pub. L. 88-257, title V, Sec. 502, Dec. 31, 1963, 77 Stat. 855. Pub. L. 87-880, title V, Sec. 502, Oct. 24, 1962, 76 Stat. 1227. Pub. L. 87-125, title V, Sec. 502, Aug. 3, 1961, 75 Stat. 282. Pub. L. 86-642, title II, Sec. 202, July 12, 1960, 74 Stat. 476. Pub. L. 86-79, title II, Sec. 202, July 8, 1959, 73 Stat. 165. Pub. L. 85-468, title II, Sec. 202, June 25, 1958, 72 Stat. 224. Pub. L. 85-48, title II, Sec. 202, June 5, 1957, 71 Stat. 53. June 13, 1956, ch. 385, title II, Sec. 202, 70 Stat. 280. June 29, 1955, ch. 226, title II, Sec. 202, 69 Stat. 195. Aug. 26, 1954, ch. 935, Ch. XIII, Sec. 1302, 68 Stat. 828. Aug. 7, 1953, ch. 340, Ch. XIII, Sec. 1302, 67 Stat. 435. July 15, 1952, ch. 758, Ch. XIV, Sec. 1402, 66 Stat. 659. Nov. 1, 1951, ch. 664, Ch. XIII, Sec. 1302, 65 Stat. 755. Sept. 6, 1950, ch. 897, Ch. XII, Sec. 1202, 64 Stat. 763. Aug. 24, 1949, ch. 506, title III, Sec. 302, 63 Stat. 661. Apr. 20, 1948, ch. 219, title II, Sec. 202, 62 Stat. 193. July 30, 1947, ch. 359, title II, Sec. 202, 61 Stat. 608. Mar. 28, 1946, ch. 113, title II, Sec. 206, 60 Stat. 80. May 3, 1945, ch. 106, title II, Sec. 206, 59 Stat. 132. June 27, 1944, ch. 286, title II, Sec. 205, 58 Stat. 385. June 26, 1943, ch. 145, title II, Sec. 205, 57 Stat. 196. Citizenship requirement for permanent officers and employees of Census Bureau, see section 22 of Title 13, Census. Exceptions to citizenship requirement for - Department of Defense personnel, see section 1584 of Title 10, Armed Forces. Department of State employees, see sections 2669, 2672 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse. Department of the Navy personnel, see section 7473 of Title 10. Library of Congress positions, see section 169 of Title 2, The Congress. National Aeronautics and Space Administration employees, see section 2473 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. EMPLOYMENT OF PERSONNEL DURING NATIONAL EMERGENCY PROCLAIMED ON DEC. 16, 1950 Section 1310 of act Nov. 1, 1951, ch. 664, Ch. XIII, 65 Stat. 757, as amended June 5, 1952, ch. 369, Ch. XIII, Sec. 1302, 66 Stat. 122; Sept. 1, 1954, ch. 1208, title VI, Sec. 602, 68 Stat. 1115; Oct. 11, 1962, Pub. L. 87-793, Sec. 717(b), 76 Stat. 858; Aug. 6, 1965, Pub. L. 89-114, 79 Stat. 448; Oct. 11, 1967, Pub. L. 90-105, Sec. 3, 81 Stat. 274; Apr. 21, 1976, Pub. L. 94-273, Sec. 4(5), 90 Stat. 377, provided that, upon the enactment of this Act [Nov. 1, 1951] and until termination of the national emergency proclaimed by the President on Dec. 16, 1950, agencies shall use their authority to require initial appointment be made on other than a permanent basis to limit the number of permanent employees, the Civil Service Commission facilitate the transfer of Federal employees from nondefense to defense activities with reemployment rights and make use of its authority to prohibit excessively rapid promotions, and agencies review certain positions annually and report to Congressional committees. All powers and authorities under section 1310 of act Nov. 1, 1951, as amended, terminated 2 years from Sept. 14, 1976, pursuant to Pub. L. 94-412, title I, Sec. 101, Sept. 14, 1976, 90 Stat. 1255 (50 U.S.C. 1601). -EXEC- EX. ORD. NO. 12839. REDUCTION OF 100,000 FEDERAL POSITIONS Ex. Ord. No. 12839, Feb. 10, 1993, 58 F.R. 8515, provided: By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including section 301 of title 3, United States Code, section 3301 of title 5, United States Code, and section 1111 of title 31, United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows: Section 1. Limits on Hiring Civilian Personnel. Each executive department or agency with over 100 employees shall eliminate not less than 4 percent of its civilian personnel positions (measured on a full-time equivalent (FTE) basis) over the next 3 fiscal years. The positions shall be vacated through attrition or early out programs established at the discretion of the department and agency heads. At least 10 percent of the reductions shall come from the Senior Executive Service, GS-15 and GS-14 levels or equivalent. Sec. 2. Coverage. This order applies to all executive branch departments and agencies with over 100 employees (measured on a FTE basis). Sec. 3. Target Dates. Each department and agency shall achieve 25 percent of its total reductions by the end of fiscal year 1993, 62.5 percent by the end of fiscal year 1994, and 100 percent by the end of fiscal year 1995. Sec. 4. Implementation. The Director of the Office of Management and Budget shall issue detailed instructions regarding the implementation of this order, including exemptions necessary for the delivery of essential services and compliance with applicable law. Sec. 5. Independent Agencies. All independent regulatory commissions and agencies are requested to comply with the provisions of this order. William J. Clinton. -End- -CITE- 5 USC Sec. 3102 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 5 - GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES PART III - EMPLOYEES Subpart B - Employment and Retention CHAPTER 31 - AUTHORITY FOR EMPLOYMENT SUBCHAPTER I - EMPLOYMENT AUTHORITIES -HEAD- Sec. 3102. Employment of personal assistants for handicapped employees, including blind and deaf employees -STATUTE- (a) For the purpose of this section - (1) "agency" means - (A) an Executive agency; (B) the Library of Congress; and (C) an office, agency, or other establishment in the judicial branch; (2) "handicapped employee" means an individual employed by an agency who is blind or deaf or who otherwise qualifies as a handicapped individual within the meaning of section 501 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 794); and (3) "nonprofit organization" means an organization determined by the Secretary of the Treasury to be an organization described in section 501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 501(c)) which is exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of such Code. (b)(1) The head of each agency may employ one or more personal assistants who the head of the agency determines are necessary to enable a handicapped employee of that agency to perform the employee's official duties and who shall serve without pay from the agency without regard to - (A) the provisions of this title governing appointment in the competitive service; (B) chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of this title; and (C) section 1342 of title 31. Such employment may include the employing of a reading assistant or assistants for a blind employee or an interpreting assistant or assistants for a deaf employee. (2) A personal assistant, including a reading or interpreting assistant, employed under this subsection may receive pay for services performed by the assistant from the handicapped employee or a nonprofit organization, without regard to section 209 of title 18. (c) The head of each agency may also employ or assign one or more personal assistants who the head of the agency determines are necessary to enable a handicapped employee of that agency to perform the employee's official duties. Such employment may include the employing of a reading assistant or assistants for a blind employee or an interpreting assistant or assistants for a deaf employee. (d)(1) In the case of any handicapped employee (including a blind or deaf employee) traveling on official business, the head of the agency may authorize the payment to an individual to accompany or assist (or both) the handicapped employee for all or a portion of the travel period involved. Any payment under this subsection to such an individual may be made either directly to that individual or by advancement or reimbursement to the handicapped employee. (2) With respect to any individual paid to accompany or assist a handicapped employee under paragraph (1) of this subsection - (A) the amount paid to that individual shall not exceed the limit or limits which the Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe by regulation to ensure that the payment does not exceed amounts (including pay and, if appropriate, travel expenses and per diem allowances) which could be paid to an employee assigned to accompany or assist the handicapped employee; and (B) that individual shall be considered an employee, but only for purposes of chapter 81 of this title (relating to compensation for injury) and sections 2671 through 2680 of title 28 (relating to tort claims). (e) This section may not be held or considered to prevent or limit in any way the assignment to a handicapped employee (including a blind or deaf employee) by an agency of clerical or secretarial assistance, at the expense of the agency under statutes and regulations currently applicable at the time, if that assistance normally is provided, or authorized to be provided, in that manner under currently applicable statutes and regulations. -SOURCE- (Pub. L. 89-554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 414; Pub. L. 90-623, Sec. 1(3), Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1312; Pub. L. 95-454, title III, Sec. 302(a), (b)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1145, 1146; Pub. L. 96-54, Sec. 2(a)(11), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 382; Pub. L. 96-523, Sec. 1(a), Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 3039; Pub. L. 97-258, Sec. 3(a)(3), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1063; Pub. L. 99-514, Sec. 2, Oct. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 2095; Pub. L. 106-518, title III, Sec. 311, Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2421; Pub. L. 106-553, Sec. 1(a)(2) [title III, Sec. 307], Dec. 21, 2000, 114 Stat. 2762, 2762A-86.) -MISC1- HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES -------------------------------------------------------------------- Derivation U.S. Code Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large -------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 U.S.C. 43a. Aug. 29, 1962, Pub. L. 87-614, 76 Stat. 408. -------------------------------------------------------------------- In subsection (a)(1), the word "agency" is substituted for "department". The words "Executive agency" are coextensive with and substituted for "each executive department of the Federal Government, each agency or independent establishment in the executive branch of such Government, each corporation wholly owned or controlled by such Government, and the General Accounting Office" in view of the definition of "Executive agency" in section 105. In subsection (a)(3), the words "individual employed" are substituted for "employee" so as to include individuals employed by the government of the District of Columbia who are not employees as defined by section 2105. In subsection (b), the word "may" is substituted for "is authorized" and the words "in his discretion" are omitted as unnecessary in view of the permissive nature of the authority. The words "in the provisions of this title governing appointment in the competitive service" are substituted for "the civil service rules". The words "section 209 of title 18" are substituted for "section 1914 of title 18" on authority of the Act of Oct. 24, 1962, Pub. L. 87-849, Sec. 2, 76 Stat. 1126. Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report. -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT Section 501 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), is classified to section 791 of Title 29, Labor, rather than to section 794 of Title 29 as shown in text. -MISC2- AMENDMENTS 2000 - Subsec. (a)(1)(C). Pub. L. 106-518 and Pub. L. 106-553 amended par. (1) identically, adding subpar. (C). 1986 - Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 99-514 substituted "Internal Revenue Code of 1986" for "Internal Revenue Code of 1954". 1982 - Subsec. (b)(1)(C). Pub. L. 97-258 substituted "section 1342 of title 31" for "section 3679(b) of the Revised Statutes (31 U.S.C. 665(b))". 1980 - Pub. L. 96-523 amended section generally and, among other changes, in section catchline substituted "personal assistants for handicapped employees, including blind and" for "reading assistants for blind employees and interpreting assistants for", in subsec. (a) substituted applicability to handicapped employees for applicability to blind and deaf employees omitted applicability to the government of the District of Columbia, in subsec. (b) substituted applicability to personal assistants for applicability to reading and interpreting assistants for blind and deaf employees, respectively, redesignated former subsec. (d) as (c) and made changes in phraseology, added subsec. (d), and redesignated former subsec. (c) as (e) and made changes in phraseology. 1979 - Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 96-54 substituted "Mayor" for "Commissioner". 1978 - Pub. L. 95-454, Sec. 302(b)(2), substituted "reading assistants for blind employees and interpreting assistants for deaf employees" for "readers for blind employees" in section catchline. Subsec. (a)(4), (5). Pub. L. 95-454, Sec. 302(a)(1), added par. (4) and redesignated former par. (4) as (5). Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95-454, Sec. 302(a)(2), inserted provisions respecting applicability to employment and compensation for interpreting assistant or assistants for deaf employees. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95-454, Sec. 302(a)(3), inserted "or deaf" after "blind". Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95-454, Sec. 302(a)(4), added subsec. (d). 1968 - Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 90-623 substituted "Commissioner" for "Board of Commissioners". EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1980 AMENDMENT Section 3 of Pub. L. 96-523 provided that: "The amendments made by this Act [amending this section, section 7 of the Federal Advisory Committee Act, set out in the Appendix to this title, section 604 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure, and section 410 of Title 39, Postal Service] shall take effect sixty days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Dec. 12, 1980]." EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1979 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 96-54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96-54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1978 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 95-454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95-454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1968 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 90-623 intended to restate without substantive change the law in effect on Oct. 22, 1968, see section 6 of Pub. L. 90-623, set out as a note under section 5334 of this title. -End- -CITE- 5 USC Sec. 3103 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 5 - GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES PART III - EMPLOYEES Subpart B - Employment and Retention CHAPTER 31 - AUTHORITY FOR EMPLOYMENT SUBCHAPTER I - EMPLOYMENT AUTHORITIES -HEAD- Sec. 3103. Employment at seat of Government only for services rendered -STATUTE- An individual may be employed in the civil service in an Executive department at the seat of Government only for services actually rendered in connection with and for the purposes of the appropriation from which he is paid. An individual who violates this section shall be removed from the service. -SOURCE- (Pub. L. 89-554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 415.) -MISC1- HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES -------------------------------------------------------------------- Derivation U.S. Code Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large -------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 U.S.C. 46. Aug. 5, 1882, ch. 389, Sec. 4 (less 255th through 316th words), 22 Stat. 255. Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 1010, Sec. 7, 64 Stat. 986. 5 U.S.C. 47 (so much Aug. 23, 1912, ch. 350, as relates to Sec. 5 (so much as relates removal). to removal), 37 Stat. 414. -------------------------------------------------------------------- The words "civil officer, draughtsman, copyist, messenger, assistant messenger, mechanic, watchman, laborer, or other employee" are omitted as obsolete language and "individual" is substituted therefor. The words "in the civil service" are added to preserve the application of former section 46 to civilian employees. The words "or subordinate bureaus or offices thereof" are omitted as surplusage. The words "and at the rate of pay usual and proper for the services" are omitted as surplusage since all pay rates are governed by statute. All after the 75th words of section 4 of the Act of Aug. 5, 1882, as amended by section 7(b) of the Act of Sept. 23, 1950, except the 255th through 316th words, are omitted as executed. The 255th through 296th words are scheduled for repeal as superseded (see Table II-b), and the 297th through 316th words are codified in section 5501. The Act of Aug. 15, 1876, ch. 287, Sec. 5, 19 Stat. 169, cited as authority for former section 46 was repealed by section 7(a) of the Act of Sept. 23, 1950. In the last sentence, the word "removed" is substituted for "summarily removed" because of the provisions of the Lloyd- LaFollette Act, 37 Stat. 555, as amended, and the Veterans' Preference Act of 1944, 58 Stat. 387, as amended, which are carried into this title. Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report. -End- -CITE- 5 USC Sec. 3104 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 5 - GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES PART III - EMPLOYEES Subpart B - Employment and Retention CHAPTER 31 - AUTHORITY FOR EMPLOYMENT SUBCHAPTER I - EMPLOYMENT AUTHORITIES -HEAD- Sec. 3104. Employment of specially qualified scientific and professional personnel -STATUTE- (a) The Director of the Office of Personnel Management may establish, and from time to time revise, the maximum number of scientific or professional positions for carrying out research and development functions which require the services of specially qualified personnel which may be established outside of the General Schedule. Any such position may be established by action of the Director or, under such standards and procedures as the Office prescribes (including procedures under which the prior approval of the Director may be required), by agency action. (b) The provisions of subsection (a) of this section shall not apply to any Senior Executive Service position (as defined in section 3132(a) of this title). (c) In addition to the number of positions authorized by subsection (a) of this section, the Librarian of Congress may establish, without regard to the second sentence of subsection (a) of this section, not more than 8 scientific or professional positions to carry out the research and development functions of the Library of Congress which require the services of specially qualified personnel. -SOURCE- (Pub. L. 89-554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 415; Pub. L. 90-83, Sec. 1(7), Sept. 11, 1967, 81 Stat. 196; Pub. L. 91-375, Sec. 6(c)(5), Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 776; Pub. L. 95-454, title IV, Sec. 414(a)(2)(B), (C), title VIII, Sec. 801(a)(3)(C), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1178, 1221; Pub. L. 99-386, title I, Sec. 101(b), Aug. 22, 1986, 100 Stat. 821; Pub. L. 102-378, Sec. 2(7), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1346.) -MISC1- HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES 1966 ACT -------------------------------------------------------------------- Derivation U.S. Code Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large -------------------------------------------------------------------- (a) 5 U.S.C. 1161 (less Oct. 4, 1961, Pub. L. 2d sentence of (g)). 87-367, Sec. 202 "Sec. 1", 75 Stat. 789. Oct. 11, 1962, Pub. L. 87-793, Sec. 1001(a)(2) "(g) (less 2d sentence)", 76 Stat. 863. (b) 5 U.S.C. 1162(c). Oct. 4, 1961, Pub. L. 87-367, Sec. 202 "Sec. 2(c)", 75 Stat. 790. (c) 5 U.S.C. 1163. Oct. 4, 1961, Pub. L. 87-367, Sec. 202 "Sec. 3", 75 Stat. 790. -------------------------------------------------------------------- In subsection (a), the authority to fix pay is omitted and carried into section 5361. In subsection (b), the words "subsequent to February 1, 1958" appearing in former section 1162(c) are omitted as obsolete. The Act of Aug. 1, 1947, ch. 433, 61 Stat. 715, as amended by the following Acts is omitted from the derivation and repealed (see Table II) as superseded by the Act of Oct. 4, 1961, Pub. L. 87-367, Sec. 202, 75 Stat. 789, which is carried into this section and sections 3325 and 5361: June 24, 1948, ch. 624, 62 Stat. 604. July 13, 1949, ch. 332, 63 Stat. 410. July 31, 1956, ch. 804 Sec. 501(a), 70 Stat. 761. Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, Sec. 28, 70A Stat. 631. June 20, 1958, Pub. L. 85-462, Sec. 12(a)-(d), 72 Stat. 213A. Sept. 23, 1959, Pub. L. 86-370, Sec. 4, 73 Stat. 651. Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report. 1967 ACT -------------------------------------------------------------------- Section of Source (U.S. Code) Source (Statutes at Large) title 5 -------------------------------------------------------------------- 3104(a)(5) 5 App.: 1161(e). July 5, 1966, Pub. L. 89-492 Sec. 5, 80 Stat. 262. -------------------------------------------------------------------- The amendment to 5 U.S.C. 3104(a)(5) reflects Public Law 89-492, section 5. The other amendments to 5 U.S.C. 3104 are based on section 302 of the act of July 20, 1958, Public Law 85-568 (72 Stat. 433), 42 U.S.C. 2453, and transfer plan, effective March 15, 1960, 25 Federal Register 2151, section (2)(a)(2), (b) of which in effect transferred from the Department of Defense to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 12 of the 450 scientific and professional positions authorized by section 2 of Public Law 86-377 (10 U.S.C. 1581). Provisions relating to the date for reporting to Congress are based on 10 U.S.C. 1582. AMENDMENTS 1992 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102-378 struck out "(not to exceed 517)" after "positions" in first sentence and amended second sentence generally, substituting provisions authorizing establishment of positions by Director and by agency action for provisions specifying that only Director may establish positions. 1986 - Pub. L. 99-386 struck out subsec. (b) relating to reports to Congress, redesignated pars. (1), (2), and (3) of subsec. (a) as subsecs. (a), (b), and (c), respectively, and substituted "subsection (a) of this section" for "paragraph (1) of this subsection" wherever appearing in subsecs. (b) and (c) as redesignated. 1978 - Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95-454, Sec. 414(a)(2)(B), substituted provisions authorizing the Director to establish the maximum number of scientific or professional positions, excepting Senior Executive Service positions, and authorizing the Librarian to establish not more than 8 such positions for provisions authorizing the head of certain named agencies to establish a specified number of scientific or professional positions. Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 95-454, Sec. 414(a)(2)(B), (C), struck out subsec. (b), redesignated subsec. (c) as (b), and substituted in subsec. (b), as redesignated, "to fix under section 5361 of this title the pay for positions established under this section" for "to establish and fix the pay of positions under this section and section 5361 of this title". Pub. L. 95-454, Sec. 801(a)(3)(C), substituted in subsec. (b), as redesignated, "section 5371 of this title" for "section 5361 of this title". Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95-454, Sec. 414(a)(2)(C)(i), redesignated subsec. (c) as (b). 1970 - Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 91-375 repealed provision for employment in Post Office Department in scientific or professional positions of not more than 6 qualified individuals. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1978 AMENDMENT Amendment by section 801(a)(3)(C) of Pub. L. 95-454 effective on first day of first applicable pay period beginning on or after 90th day after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 801(a)(4) of Pub. L. 95-454, set out as an Effective Date note under section 5361 of this title. Amendment by section 414(a)(2)(B), (C) of Pub. L. 95-454 effective 180 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 415(a)(3) of Pub. L. 95-454, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3131 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1970 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 91-375 effective within 1 year after Aug. 12, 1970, on date established therefor by Board of Governors of United States Postal Service and published by it in Federal Register, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 91-375, set out as an Effective Date note preceding section 101 of Title 39, Postal Service. EXPERIMENTAL PERSONNEL PROGRAM FOR SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL PERSONNEL Pub. L. 105-261, div. A, title XI, Sec. 1101, Oct. 17, 1998, 112 Stat. 2139, as amended by Pub. L. 106-65, div. A, title X, Sec. 1067(3), Oct. 5, 1999, 113 Stat. 774; Pub. L. 106-398, Sec. 1 [[div. A] title X, Sec. 1087(d)(6), title XI, Sec. 1113], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A-293, 1654A-314; Pub. L. 108-136, div. A, title IX, Sec. 921(g), title XI, Sec. 1116, Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1570, 1636; Pub. L. 109-364, div. A, title XI, Sec. 1103, Oct. 17, 2006, 120 Stat. 2408, provided that: "(a) Program Authorized. - During the program period specified in subsection (e)(1), the Secretary of Defense may carry out a program of experimental use of the special personnel management authority provided in subsection (b) in order to facilitate recruitment of eminent experts in science or engineering for research and development projects administered by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and research and development projects administered by laboratories designated for the program by the Secretary from among the laboratories of each of the military departments. "(b) Special Personnel Management Authority. - Under the program, the Secretary may - "(1) without regard to any provision of title 5, United States Code, governing the appointment of employees in the civil service, appoint scientists and engineers from outside the civil service and uniformed services (as such terms are defined in section 2101 of such title) to - "(A) not more than 40 scientific and engineering positions in the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency; "(B) not more than 40 scientific and engineering positions in the designated laboratories of each of the military services; and "(C) not more than a total of 10 scientific and engineering positions in the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency and the National Security Agency; "(2) prescribe the rates of basic pay for positions to which employees are appointed under paragraph (1) at rates not in excess of the maximum rate of basic pay authorized for senior- level positions under section 5376 of title 5, United States Code, as increased by locality-based comparability payments under section 5304 of such title, notwithstanding any provision of such title governing the rates of pay or classification of employees in the executive branch; and "(3) pay any employee appointed under paragraph (1) payments in addition to basic pay within the limit applicable to the employee under subsection (d)(1). "(c) Limitation on Term of Appointment. - (1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), the service of an employee under an appointment under subsection (b)(1) may not exceed 4 years. "(2) The Secretary may, in the case of a particular employee, extend the period to which service is limited under paragraph (1) by up to 2 years if the Secretary determines that such action is necessary to promote the efficiency of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. "(d) Limitations on Additional Payments. - (1) The total amount of the additional payments paid to an employee under subsection (b)(3) for any 12-month period may not exceed the least of the following amounts: "(A) $25,000. "(B) The amount equal to 25 percent of the employee's annual rate of basic pay. "(C) The amount of the limitation that is applicable for a calendar year under section 5307(a)(1) of title 5, United States Code. "(2) An employee appointed under subsection (b)(1) is not eligible for any bonus, monetary award, or other monetary incentive for service except for payments authorized under subsection (b)(3). "(e) Period of Program. - (1) The period for carrying out the program authorized under this section begins on October 17, 1998, and ends on September 30, 2011. "(2) After the termination of the program - "(A) no appointment may be made under paragraph (1) of subsection (b); "(B) a rate of basic pay prescribed under paragraph (2) of that subsection may not take effect for a position; and "(C) no period of service may be extended under subsection (c)(2). "(f) Savings Provisions. - In the case of an employee who, on the last day of the program period specified in subsection (e)(1), is serving in a position pursuant to an appointment under subsection (b)(1) - "(1) the termination of the program does not terminate the employee's employment in that position before the expiration of the lesser of - "(A) the period for which the employee was appointed; or "(B) the period to which the employee's service is limited under subsection (c), including any extension made under paragraph (2) of that subsection before the termination of the program; and "(2) the rate of basic pay prescribed for the position under subsection (b)(2) may not be reduced for so long (within the period applicable to the employee under paragraph (1)) as the employee continues to serve in the position without a break in service. "(g) Annual Report. - (1) Not later than October 15 of each year, beginning in 1999 and ending in 2009, the Secretary of Defense shall submit a report on the program to the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives. The report submitted in a year shall cover the 12-month period ending on the day before the anniversary, in that year, of the date of the enactment of this Act. "(2) The annual report shall contain, for the period covered by the report, the following: "(A) A detailed discussion of the exercise of authority under this section. "(B) The sources from which individuals appointed under subsection (b)(1) were recruited. "(C) The methodology used for identifying and selecting such individuals. "(D) Any additional information that the Secretary considers helpful for assessing the utility of the authority under this section." FBI PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR NON-SPECIAL AGENT EMPLOYEES; SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY Pub. L. 109-108, title I, Sec. 106, Nov. 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 2304, provided that: "The Attorney General is authorized to extend through September 30, 2007, the Personnel Management Demonstration Project transferred to the Attorney General pursuant to section 1115 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, Public Law 107-296 (6 U.S.C. 533) without limitation on the number of employees or the positions covered." Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation act: Pub. L. 108-447, div. B, title I, Sec. 109, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 2868. Pub. L. 105-119, title I, Sec. 122, Nov. 26, 1997, 111 Stat. 2469, as amended by Pub. L. 105-277, div. C, title I, Sec. 102, Oct. 21, 1998, 112 Stat. 2681-585; Pub. L. 107-67, title I, Sec. 120, Nov. 12, 2001, 115 Stat. 525; Pub. L. 108-7, div. J, title I, Sec. 119, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 439; Pub. L. 108-199, div. F, title II, Sec. 216, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 320; Pub. L. 108-447, div. H, title II, Sec. 216, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 3241; Pub. L. 109-115, div. A, title II, Sec. 216, Nov. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2439, provided that during 3-year period beginning on Nov. 26, 1997, Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation could, with approval of Attorney General, establish personnel management system providing for compensation and performance management of not more than 3,000 non-Special Agent employees to fill critical scientific, technical, engineering, intelligence analyst, language translator, and medical positions in Federal Bureau of Investigation, further authorized Secretary of the Treasury to establish, for period of eight years from Oct. 21, 1998, personnel management demonstration project providing for compensation and performance management of not more than combined total of 950 employees who fill critical scientific, technical, engineering, intelligence analyst, language translator, and medical positions in Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, and further provided for submittal of reports to Congress and termination of authority to establish demonstration project on Nov. 26, 2000. [Personnel management demonstration project transferred to Attorney General for continued use by Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, Department of Justice, and Secretary of the Treasury for continued use by Tax and Trade Bureau, see section 533 of Title 6, Domestic Security.] TERMINATION OF AUTHORITY TO ESTABLISH SCIENTIFIC OR PROFESSIONAL POSITIONS OUTSIDE THE GENERAL SCHEDULE Section 414(a)(2)(A) of Pub. L. 95-454 provided that: "Notwithstanding any other provision of law (other than section 3104 of title 5, United States Code), the authority granted to an agency (as defined in section 5102(a)(1) of such title 5) to establish scientific or professional positions outside of the General Schedule is hereby terminated." Section 415(a)(3) of Pub. L. 95-454 provided that the provisions of section 414(a)(2)(A) take effect 180 days after Oct. 13, 1978. LIMITATIONS ON EXECUTIVE POSITIONS NOT TO APPLY TO INDIVIDUALS OCCUPYING THOSE POSITIONS ON OCTOBER 12, 1978 Section 414(a)(3) of Pub. L. 95-454 provided that: "(A) The provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection [amending sections 3104 and 5108 of this title] shall not apply with respect to any position so long as the individual occupying such position on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 13, 1978] continues to occupy such position. "(B) The Director - "(i) in establishing under section 5108 of title 5, United States Code, the maximum number of positions which may be placed in GS-16, 17, and 18 of the General Schedule, and "(ii) in establishing under section 3104 of such title 5 the maximum number of scientific or professional positions which may be established, shall take into account positions to which subparagraph (A) of this paragraph applies." [Section 415(a)(3) of Pub. L. 95-454 provided that the provisions of section 414(a)(3) are effective 180 days after Oct. 13, 1978.] [References in laws to rates of pay for GS-16, 17, or 18, or to maximum rates of pay under General Schedule, to be considered references to rates payable under specified sections of this title, see section 529 [title I, Sec. 101(c)(1)] of Pub. L. 101-509, set out in a note under section 5376 of this title.] -End- -CITE- 5 USC Sec. 3105 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 5 - GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES PART III - EMPLOYEES Subpart B - Employment and Retention CHAPTER 31 - AUTHORITY FOR EMPLOYMENT SUBCHAPTER I - EMPLOYMENT AUTHORITIES -HEAD- Sec. 3105. Appointment of administrative law judges -STATUTE- Each agency shall appoint as many administrative law judges as are necessary for proceedings required to be conducted in accordance with sections 556 and 557 of this title. Administrative law judges shall be assigned to cases in rotation so far as practicable, and may not perform duties inconsistent with their duties and responsibilities as administrative law judges. -SOURCE- (Pub. L. 89-554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 415; Pub. L. 95-251, Sec. 2(a)(1), (b)(2), (d)(1), Mar. 27, 1978, 92 Stat. 183, 184.) -MISC1- HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES -------------------------------------------------------------------- Derivation U.S. Code Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large -------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 U.S.C. 1010 (1st June 11, 1946, ch. 324, sentence). Sec. 11 (1st sentence), 60 Stat. 244. -------------------------------------------------------------------- The words "Subject to the civil service" are omitted as unnecessary inasmuch as appointments are made subject to the civil service laws unless specifically excepted. The words "and other laws not inconsistent with this chapter" are omitted as unnecessary because of the organization of this title. Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report. AMENDMENTS 1978 - Pub. L. 95-251 substituted references to administrative law judges for references to hearing examiners in section catchline and wherever appearing in text. REFERENCES TO HEARING EXAMINER DEEMED REFERENCES TO ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JUDGE Section 3 of Pub. L. 95-251 provided that: "Any reference in any law, regulation, or order to a hearing examiner appointed under section 3105 of title 5, United States Code, shall be deemed to be a reference to an administrative law judge." HEARING EXAMINERS EMPLOYED BY DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Functions vested by section 551 et seq. of this title in hearing examiners employed by Department of Agriculture not included in functions of officers, agencies, and employees of that Department transferred to Secretary of Agriculture by 1953 Reorg. Plan No. 2, Sec. 1, eff. June 4, 1953, 18 F.R. 3219, 67 Stat. 633, set out in the Appendix to this title. HEARING EXAMINERS EMPLOYED BY DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Functions vested by section 551 et seq. of this title in hearing examiners employed by Department of Commerce not included in functions of officers, agencies, and employees of that Department transferred to Secretary of Commerce by 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 5, Sec. 1, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1263, set out in the Appendix to this title. HEARING EXAMINERS EMPLOYED BY DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Functions vested by section 551 et seq. of this title in hearing examiners employed by Department of the Interior not included in functions of officers, agencies, and employees of that Department transferred to Secretary of the Interior by 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 3, Sec. 1, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1262, transferred set out in the Appendix to this title. HEARING EXAMINERS EMPLOYED BY DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Functions vested by section 551 et seq. of this title in hearing examiners employed by Department of Justice not included in functions of officers, agencies, and employees of that Department transferred to Attorney General by 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 2, Sec. 1, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3173, 64 Stat. 1261, set out in the Appendix to this title. HEARING EXAMINERS EMPLOYED BY DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Functions vested by section 551 et seq. of this title in hearing examiners employed by Department of Labor not included in functions of officers, agencies, and employees of Department transferred to Secretary of Labor by 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 6, Sec. 1, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1263, set out in the Appendix to this title. HEARING EXAMINERS EMPLOYED BY DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Functions vested by section 551 et seq. of this title in hearing examiners employed by Department of the Treasury not included in functions of officers, agencies, and employees of Department transferred to Secretary of the Treasury by 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 26, Sec. 1, eff. July 31, 1950, 15 F.R. 4935, 64 Stat. 1280, set out in the Appendix to this title. HEARING EXAMINERS APPOINTED FOR INDIAN PROBATE WORK Hearing examiners appointed for Indian probate work pursuant to former section 372-1 of Title 25, Indians, having met qualifications required for appointment pursuant to this section, deemed to have been appointed pursuant to this section, see section 12(b) of Pub. L. 101-301, set out as a Savings Provision note under former section 372-1 of Title 25. -End- -CITE- 5 USC Sec. 3106 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 5 - GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES PART III - EMPLOYEES Subpart B - Employment and Retention CHAPTER 31 - AUTHORITY FOR EMPLOYMENT SUBCHAPTER I - EMPLOYMENT AUTHORITIES -HEAD- Sec. 3106. Employment of attorneys; restrictions -STATUTE- Except as otherwise authorized by law, the head of an Executive department or military department may not employ an attorney or counsel for the conduct of litigation in which the United States, an agency, or employee thereof is a party, or is interested, or for the securing of evidence therefor, but shall refer the matter to the Department of Justice. This section does not apply to the employment and payment of counsel under section 1037 of title 10. -SOURCE- (Pub. L. 89-554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 415.) -MISC1- HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES -------------------------------------------------------------------- Derivation U.S. Code Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large -------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 U.S.C. 49. R.S. Sec. 189. Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85-861, Sec. 7(a), 72 Stat. 1555. 5 U.S.C. 314. R.S. Sec. 365. Sept. 2, 1958, Pub. L. 85-861, Sec. 7(b), 72 Stat. 1555. -------------------------------------------------------------------- Sections 189 and 365 of the Revised Statutes, as amended, are combined and the section is revised to express the effect of the law since department heads have long employed, with the approval of Congress, attorneys to advise them in the conduct of their official duties. The law which concentrates the authority for the conduct of litigation in the Department of Justice is codified in section 516 of title 28 by this bill. The words "Executive department" are substituted for "department" as the definition of "department" applicable to R.S. Sec. 189 is coextensive with the definition of "Executive department" in section 101. The words "or military department" are inserted to preserve the application of the source law. Before enactment of the National Security Act Amendments of 1949 (63 Stat. 578), the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force were Executive departments. The National Security Act Amendments of 1949 established the Department of Defense as an Executive Department including the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the Department of the Air Force as military departments, not as Executive departments. However, the source law for this section, which was in effect in 1949, remained applicable to the Secretaries of the military departments by virtue of section 12(g) of the National Security Act Amendments of 1949 (63 Stat. 591), which is set out in the reviser's note for section 301. R.S. Sec. 189 was part of title IV of the Revised Statutes. The Act of July 26, 1947, ch. 343, Sec. 201(d), as added Aug. 1, 1949, ch. 412, Sec. 4, 63 Stat. 579 (former 5 U.S.C. 171-1), which provides "Except to the extent inconsistent with the provisions of this Act [National Security Act of 1947], the provisions of title IV of the Revised Statutes as now or hereafter amended shall be applicable to the Department of Defense" is omitted from this title but is not repealed. Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report. -End- -CITE- 5 USC Sec. 3107 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 5 - GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES PART III - EMPLOYEES Subpart B - Employment and Retention CHAPTER 31 - AUTHORITY FOR EMPLOYMENT SUBCHAPTER I - EMPLOYMENT AUTHORITIES -HEAD- Sec. 3107. Employment of publicity experts; restrictions -STATUTE- Appropriated funds may not be used to pay a publicity expert unless specifically appropriated for that purpose. -SOURCE- (Pub. L. 89-554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 416.) -MISC1- HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES -------------------------------------------------------------------- Derivation U.S. Code Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large -------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 U.S.C. 54. Oct. 22, 1913, ch. 32, Sec. 1 (last par. under "Interstate Commerce Commission"), 38 Stat. 212. -------------------------------------------------------------------- The prohibition is restated in positive form. Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report. -End- -CITE- 5 USC Sec. 3108 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 5 - GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES PART III - EMPLOYEES Subpart B - Employment and Retention CHAPTER 31 - AUTHORITY FOR EMPLOYMENT SUBCHAPTER I - EMPLOYMENT AUTHORITIES -HEAD- Sec. 3108. Employment of detective agencies; restrictions -STATUTE- An individual employed by the Pinkerton Detective Agency, or similar organization, may not be employed by the Government of the United States or the government of the District of Columbia. -SOURCE- (Pub. L. 89- 554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 416.) -MISC1- HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES -------------------------------------------------------------------- Derivation U.S. Code Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large -------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 U.S.C. 53. Mar. 3, 1893, ch. 208 (5th par. under "Public Buildings"), 27 Stat. 591. -------------------------------------------------------------------- The prohibition is restated in positive form. Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report. -End- -CITE- 5 USC Sec. 3109 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 5 - GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES PART III - EMPLOYEES Subpart B - Employment and Retention CHAPTER 31 - AUTHORITY FOR EMPLOYMENT SUBCHAPTER I - EMPLOYMENT AUTHORITIES -HEAD- Sec. 3109. Employment of experts and consultants; temporary or intermittent -STATUTE- (a) For the purpose of this section - (1) "agency" has the meaning given it by section 5721 of this title; and (2) "appropriation" includes funds made available by statute under section 9104 of title 31. (b) When authorized by an appropriation or other statute, the head of an agency may procure by contract the temporary (not in excess of 1 year) or intermittent services of experts or consultants or an organization thereof, including stenographic reporting services. Services procured under this section are without regard to - (1) the provisions of this title governing appointment in the competitive service; (2) chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of this title; and (3) section 5 of title 41, except in the case of stenographic reporting services by an organization. However, an agency subject to chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of this title may pay a rate for services under this section in excess of the daily equivalent of the highest rate payable under section 5332 of this title only when specifically authorized by the appropriation or other statute authorizing the procurement of the services. (c) Positions in the Senior Executive Service or the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service may not be filled under the authority of subsection (b) of this section. (d) The Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations necessary for the administration of this section. Such regulations shall include - (1) criteria governing the circumstances in which it is appropriate to employ an expert or consultant under the provisions of this section; (2) criteria for setting the pay of experts and consultants under this section; and (3) provisions to ensure compliance with such regulations. (e) Each agency shall report to the Office of Personnel Management on an annual basis with respect to - (1) the number of days each expert or consultant employed by the agency during the period was so employed; and (2) the total amount paid by the agency to each expert and consultant for such work during the period. -SOURCE- (Pub. L. 89-554, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 416; Pub. L. 95-454, title IV, Sec. 402(b), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1160; Pub. L. 97-258, Sec. 3(a)(4), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1063; Pub. L. 100-325, Sec. 2(b), May 30, 1988, 102 Stat. 581; Pub. L. 102-378, Sec. 2(8), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1347.) -MISC1- HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES -------------------------------------------------------------------- Derivation U.S. Code Revised Statutes and Statutes at Large -------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 U.S.C. 55a. Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 744, Sec. 15, 60 Stat. 810. -------------------------------------------------------------------- In subsection (a), the definitions of "agency" and "appropriation" are added on authority of the Act of Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 744, Sec. 18, 60 Stat. 811. In subsection (b), the words "the provisions of this title governing appointment in the competitive service" are substituted for "the civil-service laws". The words "chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of this title" are substituted for the reference to the classification laws which originally meant the Classification Act of 1923, as amended. Exception from the Classification Act of 1949 is based on sections 202(27) and 1106(a) of the Act of Oct. 28, 1949, ch. 782, 63 Stat. 956, 972. Standard changes are made to conform with the definitions applicable and the style of this title as outlined in the preface to the report. AMENDMENTS 1992 - Subsecs. (d), (e). Pub. L. 102-378 added subsecs. (d) and (e). 1988 - Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 100-325 inserted reference to Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service. 1982 - Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 97-258 substituted "section 9104" for "section 849". 1978 - Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 95-454 added subsec. (c). EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1978 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 95-454 effective 9 months after Oct. 13, 1978, and congressional review of provisions of sections 401 through 412 of Pub. L. 95-454, see section 415 of Pub. L. 95-454, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3131 of this title. APPROPRIATIONS RELATING TO LABOR, HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES, AND EDUCATION; PUBLIC DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTING SERVICE THROUGH PROCUREMENT CONTRACT Pub. L. 102-394, title V, Sec. 501, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1825, provided that: "The expenditure of any appropriation under this Act or subsequent Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Acts for any consulting service through procurement contract, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 3109, shall be limited to those contracts where such expenditures are a matter of public record and available for public inspection, except where otherwise provided under existing law, or under existing Executive order issued pursuant to existing law." Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts: Pub. L. 102-170, title V, Sec. 501, Nov. 26, 1991, 105 Stat. 1140. Pub. L. 101-517, title V, Sec. 501, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2220. Pub. L. 101-166, title V, Sec. 501, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1189. Pub. L. 100-202, Sec. 101(h) [title V, Sec. 501], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329-256, 1329-287. Pub. L. 99-500, Sec. 101(i) [H.R. 5233, title V, Sec. 501], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783-287, and Pub. L. 99-591, Sec. 101(i) [H.R. 5233, title V, Sec. 501], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341-287. Pub. L. 99-178, title V, Sec. 501, Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1132. Pub. L. 98-619, title V, Sec. 501, Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3332. Pub. L. 98-139, title V, Sec. 501, Oct. 31, 1983, 97 Stat. 898. Pub. L. 97-377, title I, Sec. 101(e)(1) [title V, Sec. 501], Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1878, 1904. AVAILABILITY OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR SERVICES Pub. L. 102-394, title V, Sec. 503, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1825, provided that: "Appropriations contained in this Act or subsequent Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Acts, available for salaries and expenses, shall be available for services as authorized by 5 U.S.C. 3109 but at rates for individuals not to exceed the per diem rate equivalent to the maximum rate payable for senior-level positions under 5 U.S.C. 5376." Similar provisions were contained in the following prior appropriation acts: Pub. L. 102-170, title V, Sec. 503, Nov. 26, 1991, 105 Stat. 1140. Pub. L. 101-517, title V, Sec. 503, Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 2221. Pub. L. 101-166, title V, Sec. 503, Nov. 21, 1989, 103 Stat. 1189. Pub. L. 100-202, Sec. 101(h) [title V, Sec. 503], Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329-256, 1329-287. Pub. L. 99-500, Sec. 101(i) [H.R. 5233, title V, Sec. 503], Oct. 18, 1986, 100 Stat. 1783-287, and Pub. L. 99-591, Sec. 101(i) [H.R. 5233, title V, Sec. 503], Oct. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 3341-287. Pub. L. 99-178, title V, Sec. 503, Dec. 12, 1985, 99 Stat. 1132. Pub. L. 98-619, title V, Sec. 503, Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3333. Pub. L. 98-139, title V, Sec. 503, Oct. 31, 1983, 97 Stat. 899. Pub. L. 97-377, title I, Sec. 101(e)(1) [title V, Sec. 503], Dec. 21, 1982, 96 Stat. 1878, 1904. APPROPRIATIONS RELATING TO ENERGY AND WATER DEVELOPMENT; PUBLIC DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTING SERVICE THROUGH PROCUREMENT CONTRACT Pub. L. 102-377, title V, Sec. 504, Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1342, provided that: "The expenditure of any appropriation under this Act or subsequent Energy and Water Development Appropriations Acts for any consulting service through procurement contract, pursuant to section 3109 of title 5, United States Code, hereafter shall be limited to those contracts where such expenditures are a matter of public record and available for public inspection, except where otherwise provided under existing law, or under existing Executive Order issued pursuant to existing law." -End- -CITE- 5 USC Sec. 3110 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 5 - GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES PART III - EMPLOYEES Subpart B - Employment and Retention CHAPTER 31 - AUTHORITY FOR EMPLOYMENT SUBCHAPTER I - EMPLOYMENT AUTHORITIES -HEAD- Sec. 3110. Employment of relatives; restrictions -STATUTE- (a) For the purpose of this section - (1) agency means - (A) an Executive agency; (B) an office, agency, or other establishment in the legislative branch; (C) an office, agency, or other establishment in the judicial branch; and (D) the government of the District of Columbia; (2) "public official" means an officer (including the President and a Member of Congress), a member of the uniformed service, an employee and any other individual, in whom is vested the authority by law, rule, or regulation, or to whom the authority has been delegated, to appoint, employ, promote, or advance individuals, or to recommend individuals for appointment, employment, promotion, or advancement in connection with employment in an agency; and (3) "relative" means, with respect to a public official, an individual who is related to the public official as father, mother, son, daughter, brother, sister, uncle, aunt, first cousin, nephew, niece, husband, wife, father-in-law, mother-in- law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law, sister-in-law, stepfather, stepmother, stepson, stepdaughter, stepbrother, stepsister, half brother, or half sister. (b) A public official may not appoint, employ, promote, advance, or advocate for appointment, employment, promotion, or advancement, in or to a civilian position in the agency in which he is serving or over which he exercises jurisdiction or control any individual who is a relative of the public official. An individual may not be appointed, employed, promoted, or advanced in or to a civilian position in an agency if such appointment, employment, promotion, or advancement has been advocated by a public official, serving in or exercising jurisdiction or control over the agency, who is a relative of the individual. (c) An individual appointed, employed, promoted, or advanced in violation of this section is not entitled to pay, and money may not be paid from the Treasury as pay to an individual so appointed, employed, promoted, or advanced. (d) The Office of Personnel Management may prescribe regulations authorizing the temporary employment, in the event of emergencies resulting from natural disasters or similar unforeseen events or circumstances, of individuals whose employment would otherwise be prohibited by this section. (e) This section shall not be construed to prohibit the appointment of an individual who is a preference eligible in any case in which the passing over of that individual on a certificate of eligibles furnished under section 3317(a) of this title will result in the selection for appointment of an individual who is not a preference eligible. -SOURCE- (Added Pub. L. 90-206, title II, Sec. 221(a), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat. 640; amended Pub. L. 95-454, title IX, Sec. 906(a)(2), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1224.) -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1978 - Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95-454 substituted "Office of Personnel Management" for "Civil Service Commission". EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1978 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 95-454 effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95-454, set out as a note under section 1101 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE Section 220(a)(1) of title II of Pub. L. 90-206 provided, except as otherwise expressly provided, that: "This section [enacting provisions set out as a note under section 8704 of this title] and sections 201 [enacting provisions set out as Short Title note under section 5332 of this title], 207 [amending section 5303 of this title], 212 [enacting provisions set out as a note under section 5303 of this title], 218 [enacting provisions set out as a note under section 5332 of this title], 221 [enacting this section and provisions set out as a note under this section], 224(a) and (b) [amending sections 4101 and 8339 of this title], and 225 [enacting sections 351-361 of Title 2, The Congress] shall become effective on the date of enactment of this title [Dec. 16, 1967]." RETROACTIVE EFFECT Section 221(c) of Pub. L. 90-206 provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting this section] do not apply to an appointment, employment, advancement, or promotion made or advocated by a public official of any individual who is a relative of the public official if, prior to the effective date of this section [see Effective Date note above], the individual was appointed by the public official, or received an appointment advocated by the public official, and is serving under the appointment on such effective date." [Section 221(c) of Pub. L. 90-206 effective Dec. 16, 1967, see section 220(a)(1) of Pub. L. 90-206, set out as an Effective Date note above.] -End- -CITE- 5 USC Sec. 3111 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 5 - GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES PART III - EMPLOYEES Subpart B - Employment and Retention CHAPTER 31 - AUTHORITY FOR EMPLOYMENT SUBCHAPTER I - EMPLOYMENT AUTHORITIES -HEAD- Sec. 3111. Acceptance of volunteer service -STATUTE- (a) For the purpose of this section, "student" means an individual who is enrolled, not less than half-time, in a high school, trade school, technical or vocational institute, junior college, college, university, or comparable recognized educational institution. An individual who is a student is deemed not to have ceased to be a student during an interim between school years if the interim is not more than 5 months and if such individual shows to the satisfaction of the Office of Personnel Management that the individual has a bona fide intention of continuing to pursue a course of study or training in the same or different educational institution during the school semester (or other period into which the school year is divided) immediately after the interim. (b) Notwithstanding section 1342 of title 31, the head of an agency may accept, subject to regulations issued by the Office, voluntary service for the United States if the service - (1) is performed by a student, with the permission of the institution at which the student is enrolled, as part of an agency program established for the purpose of providing educational experiences for the student; (2) is to be uncompensated; and (3) will not be used to displace any employee. (c)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2), any student who provides voluntary service under subsection (b) of this section shall not be considered a Federal employee for any purpose other than for purposes of section 7905 (relating to commuting by means other than single-occupancy motor vehicles), chapter 81 (relating to compensation for injury) and sections 2671 through 2680 of title 28 (relating to tort claims). (2) In addition to being considered a Federal employee for the purposes specified in paragraph (1), any student who provides voluntary service as part of a program established under subsection (b) of this section in the Internal Revenue Service, Department of the Treasury, shall be considered an employee of the Department of the Treasury for purposes of - (A) section 552a of this title (relating to disclosure of records); (B) subsections (a)(1), (h)(1), (k)(6), and (l)(4) of section 6103 of title 26 (relating to confidentiality and disclosure of returns and return information); (C) sections 7213(a)(1) and 7431 of title 26 (relating to unauthorized disclosures of returns and return information by Federal employees and other persons); and (D) section 7423 of title 26 (relating to suits against employees of the United States); except that returns and return information (as defined in section 6103(b) of title 26) shall be made available to students under such program only to the extent that the Secretary of the Treasury or his designee determines that the duties assigned to such students so require. (d) Notwithstanding section 1342 of title 31, the head of an agency may accept voluntary service for the United States under chapter 37 of this title and regulations of the Office of Personnel Management. -SOURCE- (Added Pub. L. 95-454, title III, Sec. 301(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1144; amended Pub. L. 97-258, Sec. 3(a)(5), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1063; Pub. L. 97-437, Jan. 8, 1983, 96 Stat. 2285; Pub. L. 107-296, title XIII, Sec. 1314(b), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2296; Pub. L. 107-347, title II, Sec. 209(g)(1)(A), Dec. 17, 2002, 116 Stat. 2931.) -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 2002 - Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 107-296 substituted "section 7905 (relating to commuting by means other than single-occupancy motor vehicles), chapter 81" for "chapter 81 of this title". Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 107-347 added subsec. (d). 1983 - Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 97-437, Sec. 1(1), substituted "(c)(1) Except as provided in par. (2), any" for "(c) Any". Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 97-437, Sec. 1(2), added par. (2). 1982 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97-258 substituted "section 1342 of title 31" for "section 3679(b) of the Revised Statutes (31 U.S.C. 665(b))". EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2002 AMENDMENTS Amendment by Pub. L. 107-347 effective 120 days after Dec. 17, 2002, see section 402(a) of Pub. L. 107-347, set out as an Effective Date note under section 3601 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents. Amendment by Pub. L. 107-296 effective 60 days after Nov. 25, 2002, see section 4 of Pub. L. 107-296, set out as an Effective Date note under section 101 of Title 6, Domestic Security. EFFECTIVE DATE Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95-454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title. -End- -CITE- 5 USC Sec. 3112 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 5 - GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES PART III - EMPLOYEES Subpart B - Employment and Retention CHAPTER 31 - AUTHORITY FOR EMPLOYMENT SUBCHAPTER I - EMPLOYMENT AUTHORITIES -HEAD- Sec. 3112. Disabled veterans; noncompetitive appointment -STATUTE- Under such regulations as the Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe, an agency may make a noncompetitive appointment leading to conversion to career or career-conditional employment of a disabled veteran who has a compensable service-connected disability of 30 percent or more. -SOURCE- (Added Pub. L. 95-454, title III, Sec. 307(b)(1), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1147.) -MISC1- EFFECTIVE DATE Section effective 90 days after Oct. 13, 1978, see section 907 of Pub. L. 95-454, set out as an Effective Date of 1978 Amendment note under section 1101 of this title. -End- -CITE- 5 USC Sec. 3113 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 5 - GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES PART III - EMPLOYEES Subpart B - Employment and Retention CHAPTER 31 - AUTHORITY FOR EMPLOYMENT SUBCHAPTER I - EMPLOYMENT AUTHORITIES -HEAD- Sec. 3113. Restriction on reemployment after conviction of certain crimes -STATUTE- An employee shall be separated from service and barred from reemployment in the Federal service, if - (1) the employee is convicted of a violation of section 201(b) of title 18; and (2) such violation related to conduct prohibited under section 1010(a) of the Controlled Substances Import and Export Act (21 U.S.C. 960(a)). -SOURCE- (Added Pub. L. 105-61, title VI, Sec. 638(a), Oct. 10, 1997, 111 Stat. 1316.) -MISC1- EFFECTIVE DATE Section 638(c) of Pub. L. 105-61 provided that: "This section [enacting this section] shall apply during fiscal year 1998 and each fiscal year thereafter." -End- -CITE- 5 USC Sec. 3114 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 5 - GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES PART III - EMPLOYEES Subpart B - Employment and Retention CHAPTER 31 - AUTHORITY FOR EMPLOYMENT SUBCHAPTER I - EMPLOYMENT AUTHORITIES -HEAD- Sec. 3114. Appointment of accountants, economists, and examiners by the Securities and Exchange Commission -STATUTE- (a) Applicability. - This section applies with respect to any position of accountant, economist, and securities compliance examiner at the Commission that is in the competitive service. (b) Appointment Authority. - (1) In general. - The Commission may appoint candidates to any position described in subsection (a) - (A) in accordance with the statutes, rules, and regulations governing appointments in the excepted service; and (B) notwithstanding any statutes, rules, and regulations governing appointments in the competitive service. (2) Rule of construction. - The appointment of a candidate to a position under authority of this subsection shall not be considered to cause such position to be converted from the competitive service to the excepted service. (c) Reports. - No later than 90 days after the end of fiscal year 2003 (for fiscal year 2003) and 90 days after the end of fiscal year 2005 (for fiscal years 2004 and 2005), the Commission shall submit a report with respect to its exercise of the authority granted by subsection (b) during such fiscal years to the Committee on Government Reform and the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Governmental Affairs and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate. Such reports shall describe the changes in the hiring process authorized by such subsection, including relevant information related to - (1) the quality of candidates; (2) the procedures used by the Commission to select candidates through the streamlined hiring process; (3) the numbers, types, and grades of employees hired under the authority; (4) any benefits or shortcomings associated with the use of the authority; (5) the effect of the exercise of the authority on the hiring of veterans and other demographic groups; and (6) the way in which managers were trained in the administration of the streamlined hiring system. (d) Commission Defined. - For purposes of this section, the term "Commission" means the Securities and Exchange Commission. -SOURCE- (Added Pub. L. 108-44, Sec. 2(a), July 3, 2003, 117 Stat. 842.) -CHANGE- CHANGE OF NAME Committee on Governmental Affairs of Senate changed to Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of Senate, effective Jan. 4, 2005, by Senate Resolution No. 445, One Hundred Eighth Congress, Oct. 9, 2004. -End- -CITE- 5 USC SUBCHAPTER II - THE SENIOR EXECUTIVE SERVICE 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 5 - GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES PART III - EMPLOYEES Subpart B - Employment and Retention CHAPTER 31 - AUTHORITY FOR EMPLOYMENT SUBCHAPTER II - THE SENIOR EXECUTIVE SERVICE -HEAD- SUBCHAPTER II - THE SENIOR EXECUTIVE SERVICE -End- -CITE- 5 USC Sec. 3131 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 5 - GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES PART III - EMPLOYEES Subpart B - Employment and Retention CHAPTER 31 - AUTHORITY FOR EMPLOYMENT SUBCHAPTER II - THE SENIOR EXECUTIVE SERVICE -HEAD- Sec. 3131. The Senior Executive Service -STATUTE- It is the purpose of this subchapter to establish a Senior Executive Service to ensure that the executive management of the Government of the United States is responsive to the needs, policies, and goals of the Nation and otherwise is of the highest quality. The Senior Executive Service shall be administered so as to - (1) provide for a compensation system, including salaries, benefits, and incentives, and for other conditions of employment, designed to attract and retain highly competent senior executives; (2) ensure that compensation, retention, and tenure are contingent on executive success which is measured on the basis of individual and organizational performance (including such factors as improvements in efficiency, productivity, quality of work or service, cost efficiency, and timeliness of performance and success in meeting equal employment opportunity goals); (3) assure that senior executives are accountable and responsible for the effectiveness and productivity of employees under them; (4) recognize exceptional accomplishment; (5) enable the head of an agency to reassign senior executives to best accomplish the agency's mission; (6) provide for severance pay, early retirement, and placement assistance for senior executives who are removed from the Senior Executive Service for nondisciplinary reasons; (7) protect senior executives from arbitrary or capricious actions; (8) provide for program continuity and policy advocacy in the management of public programs; (9) maintain a merit personnel system free of prohibited personnel practices; (10) ensure accountability for honest, economical, and efficient Government; (11) ensure compliance with all applicable civil service laws, rules, and regulations, including those related to equal employment opportunity, political activity, and conflicts of interest; (12) provide for the initial and continuing systematic development of highly competent senior executives; (13) provide for an executive system which is guided by the public interest and free from improper political interference; and (14) appoint career executives to fill Senior Executive Service positions to the extent practicable, consistent with the effective and efficient implementation of agency policies and responsibilities. -SOURCE- (Added Pub. L. 95-454, title IV, Sec. 402(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1154.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT The civil service laws, referred to in par. (11), are set out in this title. See, particularly, section 3301 et seq. of this title. -MISC1- EFFECTIVE DATE Section 415 of title IV of Pub. L. 95-454 provided that: "(a)(1) The provisions of this title, other than sections 413 and 414(a) [enacting this subchapter and sections 2101a, 3391 to 3397, 3591 to 3595, 4311 to 4315, 4507, 5381 to 5385, 5752, and 7541 to 7543 of this title, amending sections 2102, 2103, 2108, 3109, 3501, 5311, 5331, 5504, 5541, 5595, 5723, 6304, 8336, and 8339 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as a note under section 5311 of this title], shall take effect 9 months after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 13, 1978]. "(2) The provisions of section 413 of this title [set out as a note under section 3133 of this title] shall take effect on the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 13, 1978]. "(3) The provisions of section 414(a) of this title [amending sections 3104 and 5108 of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 3104 and 5108 of this title] shall take effect 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act [Oct. 13, 1978]. "(b)(1) The amendments made by sections 401 through 412 of this title [enacting this subchapter and sections 2101a, 3391 to 3397, 3591 to 3595, 4311 to 4315, 4507, 5381 to 5385, 5752, and 7541 to 7543 of this title, amending sections 2102, 2103, 2108, 3109, 3501, 5311, 5331, 5504, 5541, 5595, 5723, 6304, 8336, and 8339 of this title] shall continue to have effect unless, during the first period of 60 calendar days of continuous session of the Congress beginning after 5 years after the effective date of such amendments, a concurrent resolution is introduced and adopted by the Congress disapproving the continuation of the Senior Executive Service. Such amendments shall cease to have effect on the first day of the first fiscal year beginning after the date of the adoption of such concurrent resolution. "(2) The continuity of a session is broken only by an adjournment of the Congress sine die, and the days on which either House is not in session because of an adjournment of more than 3 days to a day certain are excluded in the computation of the 60-day period. "(3) The provisions of subsections (d), (e), (f), (g), (h), (i), (j), and (k) of section 5305 of title 5, United States Code, shall apply with respect to any concurrent resolution referred to in paragraph (1) of this subsection, except that for the purpose of this paragraph the reference in such subsection (e) to 10 calendar days shall be considered a reference to 30 calendar days. "(4) During the 5-year period referred to in paragraph (1) of this subsection, the Director of the Office of Personnel Management shall include in each report required under section 3135 of title 5, United States Code (as added by this title) an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Senior Executive Service and the manner in which such Service is administered." CONGRESSIONAL FINDINGS RESPECTING CONTINUATION OF SENIOR EXECUTIVE SERVICE Pub. L. 98-615, title III, Sec. 301, Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3217, provided that: "The Congress finds that the Senior Executive Service should be continued indefinitely." -End- -CITE- 5 USC Sec. 3132 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 5 - GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES PART III - EMPLOYEES Subpart B - Employment and Retention CHAPTER 31 - AUTHORITY FOR EMPLOYMENT SUBCHAPTER II - THE SENIOR EXECUTIVE SERVICE -HEAD- Sec. 3132. Definitions and exclusions -STATUTE- (a) For the purpose of this subchapter - (1) "agency" means an Executive agency, except a Government corporation and the Government Accountability Office, but does not include - (A) any agency or unit thereof excluded from coverage by the President under subsection (c) of this section; or (B) the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Drug Enforcement Administration, the Central Intelligence Agency, the Defense Intelligence Agency, the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, the National Security Agency, Department of Defense intelligence activities the civilian employees of which are subject to section 1590 of title 10,,(!1) and, as determined by the President, an Executive agency, or unit thereof, whose principal function is the conduct of foreign intelligence or counterintelligence activities; (C) the Federal Election Commission or the Election Assistance Commission; (D) the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Office of Thrift Supervision, the Federal Housing Finance Board, the Resolution Trust Corporation, the Farm Credit Administration, the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight of the Department of Housing and Urban Development, and the National Credit Union Administration; or or (!1) (E) (!2) the Securities and Exchange Commission; (E) (!2) the Commodity Futures Trading Commission; (2) "Senior Executive Service position" means any position in an agency which is classified above GS-15 pursuant to section 5108 or in level IV or V of the Executive Schedule, or an equivalent position, which is not required to be filled by an appointment by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, and in which an employee - (A) directs the work of an organizational unit; (B) is held accountable for the success of one or more specific programs or projects; (C) monitors progress toward organizational goals and periodically evaluates and makes appropriate adjustments to such goals; (D) supervises the work of employees other than personal assistants; or (E) otherwise exercises important policy-making, policy- determining, or other executive functions; but does not include - (i) any position in the Foreign Service of the United States; or (ii) an administrative law judge position under section 3105 of this title; (3) "senior executive" means a member of the Senior Executive Service; (4) "career appointee" means an individual in a Senior Executive Service position whose appointment to the position or previous appointment to another Senior Executive Service position was based on approval by the Office of Personnel Management of the executive qualifications of such individual; (5) "limited term appointee" means an individual appointed under a nonrenewable appointment for a term of 3 years or less to a Senior Executive Service position the duties of which will expire at the end of such term; (6) "limited emergency appointee" means an individual appointed under a nonrenewable appointment, not to exceed 18 months, to a Senior Executive Service position established to meet a bona fide, unanticipated, urgent need; (7) "noncareer appointee" means an individual in a Senior Executive Service position who is not a career appointee, a limited term appointee, or a limited emergency appointee; (8) "career reserved position" means a position which is required to be filled by a career appointee and which is designated under subsection (b) of this section; and (9) "general position" means any position, other than a career reserved position, which may be filled by either a career appointee, noncareer appointee, limited emergency appointee, or limited term appointee. (b)(1) For the purpose of paragraph (8) of subsection (a) of this section, the Office shall prescribe the criteria and regulations governing the designation of career reserved positions. The criteria and regulations shall provide that a position shall be designated as a career reserved position only if the filling of the position by a career appointee is necessary to ensure impartiality, or the public's confidence in the impartiality, of the Government. The head of each agency shall be responsible for designating career reserved positions in such agency in accordance with such criteria and regulations. (2) The Office shall periodically review general positions to determine whether the positions should be designated as career reserved. If the Office determines that any such position should be so designated, it shall order the agency to make the designation. (3) Notwithstanding the provisions of any other law, any position to be designated as a Senior Executive Service position (except a position in the Executive Office of the President) which - (A) is under the Executive Schedule, or for which the rate of basic pay is determined by reference to the Executive Schedule, and (B) on the day before the date of the enactment of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 was specifically required under section 2102 of this title or otherwise required by law to be in the competitive service, shall be designated as a career reserved position if the position entails direct responsibility to the public for the management or operation of particular government programs or functions. (4) Not later than March 1 of each year, the head of each agency shall publish in the Federal Register a list of positions in the agency which were career reserved positions during the preceding calendar year. (c) An agency may file an application with the Office setting forth reasons why it, or a unit thereof, should be excluded from the coverage of this subchapter. The Office shall - (1) review the application and stated reasons, (2) undertake a review to determine whether the agency or unit should be excluded from the coverage of this subchapter, and (3) upon completion of its review, recommend to the President whether the agency or unit should be excluded from the coverage of this subchapter. If the Office recommends that an agency or unit thereof be excluded from the coverage of this subchapter, the President may, on written determination, make the exclusion for the period determined by the President to be appropriate. (d) Any agency or unit which is excluded from coverage under subsection (c) of this section shall make a sustained effort to bring its personnel system into conformity with the Senior Executive Service to the extent practicable. (e) The Office may at any time recommend to the President that any exclusion previously granted to an agency or unit thereof under subsection (c) of this section be revoked. Upon recommendation of the Office, the President may revoke, by written determination, any exclusion made under subsection (c) of this section. (f) If - (1) any agency is excluded under subsection (c) of this section, or (2) any exclusion is revoked under subsection (e) of this section, the Office shall, within 30 days after the action, transmit to the Congress written notice of the exclusion or revocation. -SOURCE- (Added Pub. L. 95-454, title IV, Sec. 402(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1155; amended Pub. L. 96-54, Sec. 2(a)(12), Aug. 14, 1979, 93 Stat. 382; Pub. L. 96-187, title II, Sec. 203, Jan. 8, 1980, 93 Stat. 1368; Pub. L. 100-325, Sec. 2(c), May 30, 1988, 102 Stat. 581; Pub. L. 101-73, title VII, Sec. 742(c), Aug. 9, 1989, 103 Stat. 437; Pub. L. 101-509, title V, Sec. 529 [title I, Sec. 101(b)(9)(A)], Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1427, 1441; Pub. L. 101-624, title XVIII, Sec. 1841, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3835; Pub. L. 102- 496, title IV, Sec. 402(b), Oct. 24, 1992, 106 Stat. 3184; Pub. L. 102-550, title XIII, Sec. 1351(b), Oct. 28, 1992, 106 Stat. 3969; Pub. L. 103-359, title V, Sec. 501(d), Oct. 14, 1994, 108 Stat. 3429; Pub. L. 104-201, div. A, title XI, Sec. 1122(a)(1), Sept. 23, 1996, 110 Stat. 2687; Pub. L. 107-123, Sec. 8(d)(1)(B), Jan. 16, 2002, 115 Stat. 2399; Pub. L. 107-171, title X, Sec. 10702(c)(1), May 13, 2002, 116 Stat. 517; Pub. L. 107-252, title VIII, Sec. 811(b), Oct. 29, 2002, 116 Stat. 1727; Pub. L. 108-136, div. A, title IX, Sec. 921(g), Nov. 24, 2003, 117 Stat. 1570; Pub. L. 108- 271, Sec. 8(b), July 7, 2004, 118 Stat. 814.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT Level IV or V of the Executive Schedule, referred to in subsec. (a)(2), are set out in sections 5315 and 5316 of this title. The date of the enactment of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978, referred to in subsec. (b)(3), is the date of the enactment of Pub. L. 95-454, which was approved Oct. 13, 1978. -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 2004 - Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 108-271 substituted "Government Accountability Office" for "General Accounting Office" in introductory provisions. 2003 - Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 108-136 substituted "National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency" for "National Imagery and Mapping Agency". 2002 - Subsec. (a)(1)(C). Pub. L. 107-252, Sec. 811(b), inserted "or the Election Assistance Commission" after "Commission". Pub. L. 107-171, Sec. 10702(c)(1)(A), which directed amendment by striking "or" at the end, could not be executed because the word "or" did not appear at the end. See below. Pub. L. 107-123, Sec. 8(d)(1)(B)(i), struck out "or" at end. Subsec. (a)(1)(D). Pub. L. 107-171, Sec. 10702(c)(1)(B), inserted "or" at end. Pub. L. 107-123, Sec. 8(d)(1)(B)(ii), inserted "or" at end. Subsec. (a)(1)(E). Pub. L. 107-171, Sec. 10702(c)(1)(C), added subpar. (E) relating to Commodity Futures Trading Commission. Pub. L. 107-123, Sec. 8(d)(1)(B)(iii), added subpar. (E) relating to the Securities and Exchange Commission. 1996 - Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 104-201 substituted "National Imagery and Mapping Agency" for "Central Imagery Office". 1994 - Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 103-359 inserted "the Central Imagery Office," after "Defense Intelligence Agency,". 1992 - Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 102-496 inserted ", Department of Defense intelligence activities the civilian employees of which are subject to section 1590 of title 10," after "National Security Agency". Subsec. (a)(1)(D). Pub. L. 102-550 inserted "the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight of the Department of Housing and Urban Development," after "Farm Credit Administration,". 1990 - Subsec. (a)(1)(D). Pub. L. 101-624 inserted reference to Farm Credit Administration. Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 101-509 substituted "classified above GS- 15 pursuant to section 5108" for "in GS-16, 17, or 18 of the General Schedule". 1989 - Subsec. (a)(1)(D). Pub. L. 101-73 added subpar. (D). 1988 - Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 100-325, Sec. 2(c)(1), inserted reference to Drug Enforcement Administration. Subsec. (a)(2)(iii). Pub. L. 100-235, Sec. 2(c)(2), struck out cl. (iii) which read as follows: "any position in the Drug Enforcement Administration which is excluded from the competitive service under section 201 of the Crime Control Act of 1976 (5 U.S.C. 5108 note; 90 Stat. 2425);". 1980 - Subsec. (a)(1)(C). Pub. L. 96-187 added subpar. (C). 1979 - Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 96-54 inserted "and," after "Security Agency,". EFFECTIVE DATE OF 2002 AMENDMENTS Amendment by Pub. L. 107-252 effective upon appointment of all members of the Election Assistance Commission under section 15323 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, see section 15534(a) of Title 42. Amendment by Pub. L. 107-123 effective Oct. 1, 2001, see section 11 of Pub. L. 107-123, set out as a note under section 78ee of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1996 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 104-201 effective Oct. 1, 1996, see section 1124 of Pub. L. 104-201, set out as a note under section 193 of Title 10, Armed Forces. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1990 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 101-509 effective on such date as the President shall determine, but not earlier than 90 days, and not later than 180 days, after Nov. 5, 1990, see section 529 [title III, Sec. 305] of Pub. L. 101-509, set out as a note under section 5301 of this title. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1980 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 96-187 effective on Jan. 8, 1980, see section 301(a) of Pub. L. 96-187, set out as a note under section 431 of Title 2, The Congress. EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1979 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 96-54 effective July 12, 1979, see section 2(b) of Pub. L. 96-54, set out as a note under section 305 of this title. -FOOTNOTE- (!1) So in original. (!2) So in original. Two subpars. (E) have been enacted. -End- -CITE- 5 USC Sec. 3133 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 5 - GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES PART III - EMPLOYEES Subpart B - Employment and Retention CHAPTER 31 - AUTHORITY FOR EMPLOYMENT SUBCHAPTER II - THE SENIOR EXECUTIVE SERVICE -HEAD- Sec. 3133. Authorization of positions; authority for appointment -STATUTE- (a) During each even-numbered calendar year, each agency shall - (1) examine its needs for Senior Executive Service positions for each of the 2 fiscal years beginning after such calendar year; and (2) submit to the Office of Personnel Management a written request for a specific number of Senior Executive Service positions for each of such fiscal years. (b) Each agency request submitted under subsection (a) of this section shall - (1) be based on the anticipated type and extent of program activities and budget requests of the agency for each of the 2 fiscal years involved, and such other factors as may be prescribed from time to time by the Office; and (2) identify, by position title, positions which are proposed to be designated as or removed from designation as career reserved positions, and set forth justifications for such proposed actions. (c) The Office of Personnel Management, in consultation with the Office of Management and Budget, shall review the request of each agency and shall authorize, for each of the 2 fiscal years covered by requests required under subsection (a) of this section, a specific number of Senior Executive Service positions for each agency. (d)(1) The Office of Personnel Management may, on a written request of an agency or on its own initiative, make an adjustment in the number of positions authorized for any agency. Each agency request under this paragraph shall be submitted in such form, and shall be based on such factors, as the Office shall prescribe. (2) The total number of positions in the Senior Executive Service may not at any time during any fiscal year exceed 105 percent of the total number of positions authorized under subsection (c) of this section for such fiscal year. (e)(1) Not later than July 1, 1979, and from time to time thereafter as the Director of the Office of Personnel Management finds appropriate, the Director shall establish, by rule issued in accordance with section 1103(b) of this title, the number of positions out of the total number of positions in the Senior Executive Service, as authorized by this section or section 413 of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978, which are to be career reserved positions. Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, the number of positions required by this subsection to be career reserved positions shall not be less than the number of the positions then in the Senior Executive Service which before the date of such Act, were authorized to be filled only through competitive civil service examination. (2) The Director may, by rule, designate a number of career reserved positions which is less than the number required by paragraph (1) of this subsection only if the Director determines such lesser number necessary in order to designate as general positions one or more positions (other than positions described in section 3132(b)(3) of this title) which - (A) involve policymaking responsibilities which require the advocacy or management of programs of the President and support of controversial aspects of such programs; (B) involve significant participation in the major political policies of the President; or (C) require the senior executives in the positions to serve as personal assistants of, or advisers to, Presidential appointees. The Director shall provide a full explanation for his determination in each case. -SOURCE- (Added Pub. L. 95-454, title IV, Sec. 402(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1158.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT Section 413 of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978, referred to in subsec. (e)(1), is set out as a note below. The date of such Act, referred to in subsec. (e)(1), probably means Oct. 13, 1978, the date of the enactment of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978. -MISC1- CONVERSION TO SENIOR EXECUTIVE SERVICE Section 413 of Pub. L. 95-454 provided that: "(a) For the purpose of this section, 'agency', 'Senior Executive Service position', 'career appointee', 'career reserved position', 'limited term appointee', 'noncareer appointee', and 'general position' have the meanings set forth in section 3132(a) of title 5, United States Code (as added by this title) and 'Senior Executive Service' has the meaning set forth in section 2101a of such title 5 (as added by this title). "(b)(1) Under the guidance of the Office of Personnel Management, each agency shall - "(A) designate those positions which it considers should be Senior Executive Service positions and designate which of those positions it considers should be career reserved positions; and "(B) submit to the Office a written request for - "(i) a specific number of Senior Executive Service positions; and "(ii) authority to employ a specific number of noncareer appointees. "(2) The Office of Personnel Management shall review the designations and requests of each agency under paragraph (1) of this subsection, and shall establish interim authorizations in accordance with sections 3133 and 3134 of title 5, United States Code (as added by this Act), and shall publish the titles of the authorized positions in the Federal Register. "(c)(1) Each employee serving in a position at the time it is designated as a Senior Executive Service position under subsection (b) of this section shall elect to - "(A) decline conversion and be appointed to a position under such employee's current type of appointment and pay system, retaining the grade, seniority, and other rights and benefits associated with such type of appointment and pay system; or "(B) accept conversion and be appointed to a Senior Executive Service position in accordance with the provisions of subsections (d), (e), (f), (g), and (h) of this section. The appointment of an employee in an agency because of an election under subparagraph (A) of this paragraph shall not result in the separation or reduction in grade of any other employee in such agency. "(2) Any employee in a position which has been designated a Senior Executive Service position under this section shall be notified in writing of such designation, the election required under paragraph (1) of this subsection, and the provisions of subsections (d), (e), (f), (g), and (h) of this section. The employee shall be given 90 days from the date of such notification to make the election under paragraph (1) of this subsection. "(d) Each employee who has elected to accept conversion to a Senior Executive Service position under subsection (c)(1)(B) of this section and who is serving under - "(1) a career or career-conditional appointment; or "(2) a similar type of appointment in an excepted service position, as determined by the Office; in a position which is designated as a Senior Executive Service position shall be appointed as a career appointee to such Senior Executive Service position without regard to section 3393(b)-(e) of title 5, United States Code (as added by this title). "(e) Each employee who has elected conversion to a Senior Executive Service position under subsection (c)(1)(B) of this section and who is serving under an excepted appointment in a position which is not designated a career reserved position in the Senior Executive Service, but is - "(1) a position in Schedule C of subpart C of part 213 of title 5, Code of Federal Regulations; "(2) a position filled by noncareer executive assignment under subpart F of part 305 of title 5, Code of Federal Regulations; or "(3) a position in the Executive Schedule under subchapter II of chapter 53 of title 5, United States Code [section 5311 et seq. of this title], other than a career Executive Schedule position; shall be appointed as a noncareer appointee to a Senior Executive Service position. "(f) Each employee who has elected conversion to a Senior Executive Service position under subsection (c)(1)(B) of this section, who is serving in a position described in paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of subsection (e) of this section, and whose position is designated as a career reserved position under subsection (b) of this section shall be appointed as a noncareer appointee to an appropriate general position in the Senior Executive Service or shall be separated. "(g) Each employee who has elected conversion to a Senior Executive Service position under subsection (c)(1)(B) of this section, who is serving in a position described in paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of subsection (e) of this section, and whose position is designated as a Senior Executive Service position and who has reinstatement eligibility to a position in the competitive service, may, on request to the Office, be appointed as a career appointee to a Senior Executive Service position. The name of, and basis for reinstatement eligibility for, each employee appointed as a career appointee under this subsection shall be published in the Federal Register. "(h) Each employee who has elected conversion to a Senior Executive Service position under subsection (c)(1)(B) of this section and who is serving under a limited executive assignment under subpart F of part 305 of title 5, Code of Federal Regulations, shall - "(1) be appointed as a limited term appointee to a Senior Executive Service position if the position then held by such employee will terminate within 3 years of the date of such appointment; "(2) be appointed as a noncareer appointee to a Senior Executive Service position if the position then held by such employee is designated as a general position; or "(3) be appointed as a noncareer appointee to a general position if the position then held by such employee is designated as a career reserved position. "(i) The rate of basic pay for any employee appointed to a Senior Executive Service position under this section shall be greater than or equal to the rate of basic pay payable for the position held by such employee at the time of such appointment. "(j) Any employee who is aggrieved by any action by any agency under this section is entitled to appeal to the Merit Systems Protection Board under section 7701 of title 5, United States Code (as added by this title). An agency shall take any corrective action which the Board orders in its decision on an appeal under this subsection. "(k) The Office shall prescribe regulations to carry out the purpose of this section." Section 415(a)(2) of Pub. L. 95-454 provided that section 413 is effective Oct. 13, 1978. -End- -CITE- 5 USC Sec. 3134 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 5 - GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES PART III - EMPLOYEES Subpart B - Employment and Retention CHAPTER 31 - AUTHORITY FOR EMPLOYMENT SUBCHAPTER II - THE SENIOR EXECUTIVE SERVICE -HEAD- Sec. 3134. Limitations on noncareer and limited appointments -STATUTE- (a) During each calendar year, each agency shall - (1) examine its needs for employment of noncareer appointees for the fiscal year beginning in the following year; and (2) submit to the Office of Personnel Management, in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Office, a written request for authority to employ a specific number of noncareer appointees for such fiscal year. (b) The number of noncareer appointees in each agency shall be determined annually by the Office on the basis of demonstrated need of the agency. The total number of noncareer appointees in all agencies may not exceed 10 percent of the total number of Senior Executive Service positions in all agencies. (c) Subject to the 10 percent limitation of subsection (b) of this section, the Office may adjust the number of noncareer positions authorized for any agency under subsection (b) of this section if emergency needs arise that were not anticipated when the original authorizations were made. (d) The number of Senior Executive Service positions in any agency which are filled by noncareer appointees may not at any time exceed the greater of - (1) 25 percent of the total number of Senior Executive Service positions in the agency; or (2) the number of positions in the agency which were filled on the date of the enactment of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 by - (A) noncareer executive assignments under subpart F of part 305 of title 5, Code of Federal Regulations, as in effect on such date, or (B) appointments to level IV or V of the Executive Schedule which were not required on such date to be made by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. This subsection shall not apply in the case of any agency having fewer than 4 Senior Executive Service positions. (e) The total number of limited emergency appointees and limited term appointees in all agencies may not exceed 5 percent of the total number of Senior Executive Service positions in all agencies. -SOURCE- (Added Pub. L. 95-454, title IV, Sec. 402(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1159.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT The date of enactment of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978, referred to in subsec. (d)(2), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 95-454, which was approved Oct. 13, 1978. Level IV or V of the Executive Schedule, referred to in subsec. (d)(2)(B), are set out in sections 5315 and 5316 of this title. -End- -CITE- 5 USC Sec. 3135 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 5 - GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES PART III - EMPLOYEES Subpart B - Employment and Retention CHAPTER 31 - AUTHORITY FOR EMPLOYMENT SUBCHAPTER II - THE SENIOR EXECUTIVE SERVICE -HEAD- Sec. 3135. Repealed. -MISC1- [Sec. 3135. Repealed. Pub. L. 104-66, title II, Sec. 2181(a)(1), Dec. 21, 1995, 109 Stat. 732]. Section, added Pub. L. 95-454, title IV, Sec. 402(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1159; amended Pub. L. 98-168, title III, Sec. 301(b), Nov. 29, 1983, 97 Stat. 1112; Pub. L. 98-615, title III, Sec. 306(a), Nov. 8, 1984, 98 Stat. 3219, directed Office of Personnel Management to submit reports to Congress relating to Senior Executive Service. -End- -CITE- 5 USC Sec. 3136 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 5 - GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES PART III - EMPLOYEES Subpart B - Employment and Retention CHAPTER 31 - AUTHORITY FOR EMPLOYMENT SUBCHAPTER II - THE SENIOR EXECUTIVE SERVICE -HEAD- Sec. 3136. Regulations -STATUTE- The Office of Personnel Management shall prescribe regulations to carry out the purpose of this subchapter. -SOURCE- (Added Pub. L. 95-454, title IV, Sec. 402(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1160.) -End- -CITE- 5 USC SUBCHAPTER III - THE FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION AND DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION SENIOR EXECUTIVE SERVICE 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 5 - GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES PART III - EMPLOYEES Subpart B - Employment and Retention CHAPTER 31 - AUTHORITY FOR EMPLOYMENT SUBCHAPTER III - THE FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION AND DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION SENIOR EXECUTIVE SERVICE -HEAD- SUBCHAPTER III - THE FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION AND DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION SENIOR EXECUTIVE SERVICE -End- -CITE- 5 USC Sec. 3151 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 5 - GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES PART III - EMPLOYEES Subpart B - Employment and Retention CHAPTER 31 - AUTHORITY FOR EMPLOYMENT SUBCHAPTER III - THE FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION AND DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION SENIOR EXECUTIVE SERVICE -HEAD- Sec. 3151. The Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service -STATUTE- (a) The Attorney General may by regulation establish a personnel system for senior personnel within the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Drug Enforcement Administration to be known as the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Drug Enforcement Administration Senior Executive Service (hereinafter in this subchapter referred to as the "FBI-DEA Senior Executive Service"). The regulations establishing the FBI-DEA Senior Executive Service shall - (1) meet the requirements set forth in section 3131 for the Senior Executive Service; (2) provide that positions in the FBI-DEA Senior Executive Service meet requirements that are consistent with the provisions of section 3132(a)(2); (3) provide rates of pay for the FBI-DEA Senior Executive Service that are not in excess of the maximum rate or less than the minimum rate of basic pay established for the Senior Executive Service under section 5382 and that are adjusted at the same time and to the same extent as rates of basic pay for the Senior Executive Service are adjusted; (4) provide a performance appraisal system for the FBI-DEA Senior Executive Service that conforms to the provisions of subchapter II of chapter 43; (5) provide for - (A) removal consistent with section 3592; (B) reduction-in-force procedures consistent with section 3595(a), together with measures to ensure that a member of the FBI-DEA Senior Executive Service may not be removed due to a reduction in force unless reasonable efforts to place such member in another such position are first taken; (C) procedures in accordance with which any furlough affecting the FBI-DEA Senior Executive Service shall be carried out; (D) removal or suspension consistent with subsections (a), (b), and (c) of section 7543 (except that any hearing or appeal to which a member of the FBI-DEA Senior Executive Service is entitled shall be held or decided pursuant to procedures established by regulations of the Attorney General); and (E) recertification consistent with section 3393a; (!1) (6) permit the payment of performance awards to members of the FBI-DEA Senior Executive Service consistent with the provisions applicable to performance awards under section 5384; and (7) provide that members of the FBI-DEA Senior Executive Service may be granted sabbatical leaves consistent with the provisions of section 3396(c). (b) Except as provided in subsection (a), the Attorney General may - (1) make applicable to the FBI-DEA Senior Executive Service any of the provisions of this title applicable to applicants for or members of the Senior Executive Service; and (2) appoint, promote, and assign individuals to positions established within the FBI-DEA Senior Executive Service without regard to the provisions of this title governing appointments and other personnel actions in the competitive service. (c) The President, based on the recommendations of the Attorney General, may award ranks to members of the FBI-DEA Senior Executive Service in a manner consistent with the provisions of section 4507. (d) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, the Attorney General may detail or assign any member of the FBI-DEA Senior Executive Service to serve in a position outside the Federal Bureau of Investigation or the Drug Enforcement Administration (as the case may be) in which the member's expertise and experience may be of benefit to the Federal Bureau of Investigation or the Drug Enforcement Administration (as the case may be) or another Government agency. Any such member shall not by reason of such detail or assignment lose any entitlement or status associated with membership in the FBI-DEA Senior Executive Service. (e) The Attorney General shall each year submit to Congress, at the time the budget is submitted by the President to the Congress for the next fiscal year, a report on the FBI-DEA Senior Executive Service. The report shall include, in the aggregate and by agency - (1) the number of FBI-DEA Senior Executive Service positions established as of the end of the preceding fiscal year; (2) the number of individuals being paid at each rate of basic pay for the FBI-DEA Senior Executive Service as of the end of the preceding fiscal year; (3) the number, distribution, and amount of awards paid to members of the FBI-DEA Senior Executive Service during the preceding fiscal year; and (4) the number of individuals removed from the FBI-DEA Senior Executive Service during the preceding fiscal year - (A) for less than fully successful performance; (B) due to a reduction in force; or (C) for any other reason. -SOURCE- (Added Pub. L. 100-325, Sec. 1(a), May 30, 1988, 102 Stat. 579; amended Pub. L. 101-194, title V, Sec. 506(b)(1), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1758; Pub. L. 109-108, title I, Sec. 111, Nov. 22, 2005, 119 Stat. 2305.) -REFTEXT- REFERENCES IN TEXT Section 3393a, referred to in subsec. (a)(5)(E), was repealed by Pub. L. 107-296, title XIII, Sec. 1321(a)(1)(B), Nov. 25, 2002, 116 Stat. 2296. Provisions of this title governing appointments and other personnel actions in the competitive service, referred to in subsec. (b)(2), are classified generally to section 3301 et seq. of this title. -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 2005 - Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109-108 struck out par. (1) designation before "Except as provided", redesignated subpars. (A) and (B) as pars. (1) and (2), respectively, and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows: "(A) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, an individual may not be selected for the FBI-DEA Senior Executive Service unless such individual is a career employee in the civil service. "(B) For the purpose of subparagraph (A), 'career employee in the civil service' shall have such meaning as the Attorney General, in consultation with the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, by regulation prescribes." 1989 - Subsec. (a)(5)(E). Pub. L. 101-194 added subpar. (E). EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1989 AMENDMENT Section 506(d) of Pub. L. 101-194 provided that: "The amendments made by this section [enacting section 3393a of this title and amending this section, sections 3393, 3592 to 3594, 7701, 8336, 8339, 8414, and 8421 of this title, section 1601 of Title 10, Armed Forces, section 3945 of Title 22, Foreign Relations and Intercourse, and provisions set out as a note under section 402 of Title 50, War and National Defense] shall take effect on January 1, 1991." -FOOTNOTE- (!1) See References in Text note below. -End- -CITE- 5 USC Sec. 3152 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 5 - GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES PART III - EMPLOYEES Subpart B - Employment and Retention CHAPTER 31 - AUTHORITY FOR EMPLOYMENT SUBCHAPTER III - THE FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION AND DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION SENIOR EXECUTIVE SERVICE -HEAD- Sec. 3152. Limitation on pay -STATUTE- Members of the FBI-DEA Senior Executive Service shall be subject to the limitation under section 5307. -SOURCE- (Added Pub. L. 100-325, Sec. 1(a), May 30, 1988, 102 Stat. 581; amended Pub. L. 102-378, Sec. 2(9), Oct. 2, 1992, 106 Stat. 1347.) -MISC1- AMENDMENTS 1992 - Pub. L. 102-378 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section read as follows: "Nothing in this subchapter shall be construed to allow the aggregate amount payable to a member of the FBI-DEA Senior Executive Service under this subchapter during any fiscal year to exceed the annual rate payable for positions at level I of the Executive Schedule in effect at the end of such year. This section shall be applied in a manner consistent with paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 5383(b)." -End- -CITE- 5 USC SUBCHAPTER IV - TEMPORARY ORGANIZATIONS ESTABLISHED BY LAW OR EXECUTIVE ORDER 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 5 - GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES PART III - EMPLOYEES Subpart B - Employment and Retention CHAPTER 31 - AUTHORITY FOR EMPLOYMENT SUBCHAPTER IV - TEMPORARY ORGANIZATIONS ESTABLISHED BY LAW OR EXECUTIVE ORDER -HEAD- SUBCHAPTER IV - TEMPORARY ORGANIZATIONS ESTABLISHED BY LAW OR EXECUTIVE ORDER -End- -CITE- 5 USC Sec. 3161 01/03/2007 -EXPCITE- TITLE 5 - GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION AND EMPLOYEES PART III - EMPLOYEES Subpart B - Employment and Retention CHAPTER 31 - AUTHORITY FOR EMPLOYMENT SUBCHAPTER IV - TEMPORARY ORGANIZATIONS ESTABLISHED BY LAW OR EXECUTIVE ORDER -HEAD- Sec. 3161. Employment and compensation of employees -STATUTE- (a) Definition of Temporary Organization. - For the purposes of this subchapter, the term "temporary organization" means a commission, committee, board, or other organization that - (1) is established by law or Executive order for a specific period not in excess of three years for the purpose of performing a specific study or other project; and (2) is terminated upon the completion of the study or project or upon the occurrence of a condition related to the completion of the study or project. (b) Employment Authority. - (1) Notwithstanding the provisions of chapter 51 of this title, the head of a temporary organization may appoint persons to positions of employment in a temporary organization in such numbers and with such skills as are necessary for the performance of the functions required of a temporary organization. (2) The period of an appointment under paragraph (1) may not exceed three years, except that under regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management the period of appointment may be extended for up to an additional two years. (3) The positions of employment in a temporary organization are in the excepted service of the civil service. (c) Detail Authority. - Upon the request of the head of a temporary organization, the head of any department or agency of the Government may detail, on a nonreimbursable basis, any personnel of the department or agency to that organization to assist in carrying out its duties. (d) Compensation. - (1) The rate of basic pay for an employee appointed under subsection (b) shall be established under regulations prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management without regard to the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of this title. (2) The rate of basic pay for the chairman, a member, an executive director, a staff director, or another executive level position of a temporary organization may not exceed the maximum rate of basic pay established for the Senior Executive Service under section 5382 of this title. (3) Except as provided in paragraph (4), the rate of basic pay for other positions in a temporary organization may not exceed the maximum rate of basic pay for grade GS-15 of the General Schedule under section 5332 of this title. (4) The rate of basic pay for a senior staff position of a temporary organization may, in a case determined by the head of the temporary organization as exceptional, exceed the maximum rate of basic pay authorized under paragraph (3), but may not exceed the maximum rate of basic pay authorized for an executive level position under paragraph (2). (5) In this subsection, the term "basic pay" includes locality pay provided for under section 5304 of this title. (e) Travel Expenses. - An employee of a temporary organization, whether employed on a full-time or part-time basis, may be allowed travel and transportation expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, at rates authorized for employees of agencies under subchapter I of chapter 57 of this title, while traveling away from the employee's regular place of business in the performance of services for the temporary organization. (f) Benefits. - An employee appointed under subsection (b) shall be afforded the same benefits and entitlements as are provided temporary employees under this title. (g) Return Rights. - An employee serving under a career or career conditional appointment or the equivalent in an agency who transfers to or converts to an appointment in a temporary organization with the consent of the head of the agency is entitled to be returned to the employee's former position or a position of like seniority, status, and pay without grade or pay retention in the agency if the employee - (1) is being separated from the temporary organization for reasons other than misconduct, neglect of duty, or malfeasance; and (2) applies for return not later than 30 days before the earlier of - (A) the date of the termination of the employment in the temporary organization; or (B) the date of the termination of the temporary organization. (h) Temporary and Intermittent Services. - The head of a temporary organization may procure for the organization temporary and intermittent services under section 3109(b) of this title. (i) Acceptance of Volunteer Services. - (1) The head of a temporary organization may accept volunteer services appropriate to the duties of the organization without regard to section 1342 of title 31. (2) Donors of voluntary services accepted for a temporary organization under this subsection may include the following: (A) Advisors. (B) Experts. (C) Members of the commission, committee, board, or other temporary organization, as the case may be. (D) A person performing services in any other capacity determined appropriate by the head of the temporary organization. (3) The head of the temporary organization - (A) shall ensure that each person performing voluntary services accepted under this subsection is notified of the scope of the voluntary services accepted; (B) shall supervise the volunteer to the same extent as employees receiving compensation for similar services; and (C) shall ensure that the volunteer has appropriate credentials or is otherwise qualified to perform in each capacity for which the volunteer's services are accepted. (4) A person providing volunteer services accepted under this subsection shall be considered an employee of the Federal Government in the performance of those services for the purposes of the following provisions of law: (A) Chapter 81 of this title, relating to compensation for work- related injuries. (B) Chapter 171 of title 28, relating to tort claims. (C) Chapter 11 of title 18, relating to conflicts of interest. -SOURCE- (Added Pub. L. 106-398, Sec. 1 [[div. A], title XI, Sec. 1101(a)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A-308.) -End-