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1. Immediate and Short-Term Effects of the 5th Grade Version of the "keepin' it REAL" Substance Use Prevention Intervention (EJ819079)
Author(s):
Hecht, Michael L.; Elek, Elvira; Wagstaff, David A.; Kam, Jennifer A.; Marsiglia, Flavio; Dustman, Patricia; Reeves, Leslie; Harthun, Mary
Source:
Journal of Drug Education, v38 n3 p225-251 2008-2009
Pub Date:
2009-00-00
Pub Type(s):
Journal Articles; Reports - Evaluative
Peer-Reviewed:
Yes
Descriptors: Elementary School Students; Curriculum Development; School Activities; Intervention; Prevention; Programming; Grade 6; Grade 5; Drug Education; Substance Abuse; Program Effectiveness; Comparative Analysis; Questionnaires; Attitude Change; Decision Making; Intention; Expectation; Mexican Americans; Culturally Relevant Education; Middle School Students
Abstract: This study assessed the immediate and short-term outcomes of adapting a culturally-grounded middle school program, "keepin' it REAL", for elementary school students. After curriculum adaptation, 10 schools were randomly assigned to the intervention in 5th grade with follow-up boosters in 6th grade; 13 schools were randomly assigned to the control condition, implementing the school's pre-existing substance use prevention programming. Students (n = 1,566) completed a questionnaire prior to curriculum implementation and follow-up questionnaires toward the end of 5th and 6th grade. The 5th grade "kiR" curriculum generally appeared no more effective than the control schools' programming in changing students' resistance or decision-making skills; substance use intentions, expectancies, or normative beliefs; or lifetime and recent substance use. Such findings have implications for the age appropriateness of school-based programs. (Contains 4 tables and 2 footnotes.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
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2. Home Schooling Goes Mainstream (EJ819172)
Gaither, Milton
Education Next, v9 n1 p10-19 Win 2009
Journal Articles; Reports - Descriptive
Descriptors: Home Schooling; Educational Methods; School Choice; Educational Quality; Religion; Religious Factors; Decision Making; Social Influences; Economic Factors
Abstract: This article reports that while home schooling may have particular appeal to celebrities, over the last decade families of all kinds have embraced the practice for widely varying reasons: no longer is home schooling exclusive to Christian fundamentalism and the countercultural Left. Along with growing acceptance of home schooling nationally has come increasing diversification of who home schools and of what home schooling actually means. For a growing number of Americans, however, home schooling is just one option among many to consider, for a few months or for the entirety of a child's schooling. (Contains 3 figures.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
3. The Simultaneous Effects of Inflectional Paradigms and Classes on Lexical Recognition: Evidence from Serbian (EJ819522)
Milin, Petar; Filipovic Durdevic, Dusica; Moscoso del Prado Martin, Fermin
Journal of Memory and Language, v60 n1 p50-64 Jan 2009
2009-01-00
Journal Articles; Reports - Research
Descriptors: Models; Form Classes (Languages); Linguistic Theory; Language Processing; Serbocroatian; Correlation; Decision Making; Error Patterns; Visual Stimuli; Task Analysis
Abstract: In this study, we investigate the relevance of inflectional paradigms and inflectional classes for lexical processing. We provide an information-theoretical measure of the divergence in the frequency distributions of two of the paradigms to which a word simultaneously belongs: the paradigm of the stem and the more general paradigm of the nominal class in which the stem is embedded. We show that after controlling for other variables, this measure is positively correlated with response latencies and error counts in a visual lexical decision experiment in Serbian. We interpret these results as a trace of the simultaneous influence on lexical processing of both the stem and the inflectional paradigms. (Contains 3 figures and 4 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
4. Shared Features Dominate Semantic Richness Effects for Concrete Concepts (EJ819519)
Grondin, Ray; Lupker, Stephen J.; McRae, Ken
Journal of Memory and Language, v60 n1 p1-19 Jan 2009
Descriptors: Semantics; Word Recognition; Semiotics; Language Processing; Decision Making; Task Analysis; Dictionaries; Speech Communication
Abstract: When asked to list semantic features for concrete concepts, participants list many features for some concepts and few for others. Concepts with many semantic features are processed faster in lexical and semantic decision tasks [Pexman, P. M., Lupker, S. J., & Hino, Y. (2002). "The impact of feedback semantics in visual word recognition: Number-of-features effects in lexical decision and naming tasks." "Psychonomic Bulletin & Review," 9, 542-549; Pexman, P. M., Holyk, G. G., & MonFils, M.-H. (2003)." Number-of-features effects and semantic processing." "Memory & Cognition," 31, 842-855]. Using both lexical and concreteness decision tasks, we provided further insight into these number-of-features (NoF) effects. We began by replicating the effect using a larger and better controlled set of items. We then investigated the relationship between NoF and feature distinctiveness and found that features shared by numerous concrete concepts such as "has four legs" facilitate decisions to a greater extent than do distinctive features such as "moos". Finally, we showed that NoF effects are carried by shared visual form and surface, encyclopedic, tactile, and taste knowledge. We propose a decision-making account of these results, rather than one based on the computation of word meaning. (Contains 10 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
5. Off-Farm Labour Decision of Canadian Farm Operators: Urbanization Effects and Rural Labour Market Linkages (EJ820594)
Alasia, Alessandro; Weersink, Alfons; Bollman, Ray D.; Cranfield, John
Journal of Rural Studies, v25 n1 p12-24 Jan 2009
Descriptors: Human Capital; Rural Farm Residents; Agricultural Occupations; Income; Labor Market; Employment Opportunities; Regional Characteristics; Rural Development; Foreign Countries; Financial Policy; Decision Making; Influences; Correlation
Abstract: Understanding the factors affecting off-farm labour decisions of census-farm operators has significant implications for rural development and farm income support policy. We examine the off-farm labour decisions of Canadian farm operators using micro-level data from the 2001 Census of Agriculture combined with community level data from the 2001 Census of Population. While confirming some of the findings of previous research with respect to the effects of human capital and farm characteristics on off-farm work participation, this study shows the differential impact of those variables for operators of smaller and larger holdings. Family, community and regional characteristics appear more relevant in determining the joint decision to work off-farm and operate a smaller holding, compared to the decision to work off-farm and operate a larger farm. Results suggest that, once other factors are accounted for, proximity to urban centres does not have a positive effect on the joint decisions to participate in off-farm work and to operate a holding. This joint decision, in fact, is more related to the dynamics of the local labour market. A major implication of these findings is that while urban centers might represent an engine of growth for overall rural income through employment opportunities for the non-farm workforce, the non-farm income of farm operators is more likely to be affected by policy initiatives that address directly the dynamics of labour markets in the community where the operator lives. (Contains 6 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
6. A Conceptual Framework for the Assessment of Multiple Functions of Agro-Ecosystems: A Case Study of Tras-os-Montes Olive Groves (EJ820586)
Fleskens, Luuk; Duarte, Filomena; Eicher, Irmgard
Journal of Rural Studies, v25 n1 p141-155 Jan 2009
Descriptors: Research; Foreign Countries; Case Studies; Agronomy; Agribusiness; Stakeholders; Environmental Influences; Ecological Factors; Rural to Urban Migration; Evaluation; Decision Making; Cultural Context
Abstract: Multifunctionality in agriculture has received a lot of attention the last decade from researchers and policy-makers alike, perhaps most notably evidenced by the important changes made to the EU's Common Agricultural Policy. While the concept has been embraced by environmentalists envisioning positive impulses for decoupling and a range of local stakeholders recognizing implicit marketing opportunities involved, it has also been criticized as a mere argument in favour of disguised protectionism. Problematic in this discussion is the lack of an operationalising framework for the assessment of multiple functions. In this paper, we discuss such a framework and the role it can play in the decision-making process. Focusing on a case study about olive farming on sloping and mountainous land in northeastern Portugal, the contribution discusses methods for studying multiple functions of agro-ecosystems. While function assessment is presented from a research perspective, its relevance for stakeholders is also stressed here. By using the metaphor of a house, the method could appeal to a wide range of actors. In the case study, we conclude that olive groves on sloping and mountainous land particularly fall short in supplying ecological functions. They do however contribute significantly to the local economy, generate employment and perform an important role in maintaining the cultural landscape and identity, and are thus vital to regional development and to stop outmigration of the population. Policy-makers could use the function assessment tool to design effective cross-compliance rules and relevant agro-environmental measures to reinforce ecological and social functions, and to communicate ideas to other stakeholders. As such, it provides an extension of public debate and can reinforce decision-making by visualizing trends, development alternatives or scenarios. The role of research in this method is to facilitate dialogue between stakeholder groups and to feed the process with relevant indicators. (Contains 8 figures and 5 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
7. The New Stupid (EJ820801)
Hess, Frederick M.
Educational Leadership, v66 n4 p12-17 Dec 2008-Jan 2009
No
Descriptors: Academic Achievement; Research Utilization; Politics of Education; Data; Decision Making; Class Size
Abstract: A decade ago, many education leaders dismissed student achievement data and systematic research as having only limited utility when it came to improving schools or school systems. That was the "old stupid." But now the pendulum has swung the other way. In the "new stupid," data-based decision making and research-based practice can stand in for careful thought, serve as rationales for the same old fads, or be used to justify incoherent proposals. The "new stupid" uses data in half-baked ways, is characterized by trouble translating research, and gives short shrift to management data. Educators can steer clear of the new stupid by remembering the limitations of data, seeking out appropriate data, and applying judicious thinking. (Contains 1 endnote.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
8. Effects of Public Feedback during RTI Team Meetings on Teacher Implementation Integrity and Student Academic Performance (EJ821848)
Duhon, Gary J.; Mesmer, Eric M.; Gregerson, Lezlee; Witt, Joseph C.
Journal of School Psychology, v47 n1 p19-37 Feb 2009
2009-02-00
Descriptors: Feedback (Response); Early Intervention; Integrity; Consultation Programs; Academic Achievement; Decision Making; Performance
Abstract: As a result of the new revision of IDEA (2004), models of early intervention and response-to-intervention (RTI) have received a great deal of attention in the literature. Although various tiered models have been described in detail, one aspect of RTI that has received little empirical attention is the need to ensure integrity of intervention as part of a team decision making process. One method that has good support for improving treatment integrity is performance feedback (PFB); however, the utilization of PFB within a team context has received very little attention in the literature. Experiment 1 evaluated the effect of PFB delivered within the context of an RTI team on treatment integrity after fidelity had fallen to unacceptable levels. Experiment 2 evaluated the effects of PFB on the maintenance of treatment integrity prior to integrity fall off. Results indicate that PFB can be used as an efficient means of improving or maintaining treatment integrity when applied within a team model. (Contains 2 tables and 2 figures.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
9. The Impact of Merit-Based Financial Aid on College Enrollment: A Field Experiment (EJ821786)
Monks, James
Economics of Education Review, v28 n1 p99-106 Feb 2009
Descriptors: Organizational Objectives; Student Financial Aid; Enrollment; Economics; Educational Finance; Economic Research; College Choice; Decision Making; Merit Scholarships; Student Characteristics; Academic Ability; High Achievement; Influences
Abstract: Merit-based financial aid awards have become increasingly prevalent in the pricing policies of higher education institutions. This study utilizes an experiment to estimate the efficacy of merit-aid awards in achieving the institutional objective of attracting the most academically desirable applicants. I find that merit aid has a statistically significant but inelastic effect on enrollment of extremely high ability students. Additionally, the setting of this paper allows for a test of whether students respond to the framing of price in making enrollment decisions (i.e. price illusion), holding net price constant. There is weak evidence in support of price illusion among this set of students. (Contains 4 tables.) Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
10. Impact of Environmental Factors on Community Participation of Persons with an Intellectual Disability: A Systematic Review (EJ821497)
Verdonschot, Manon M. L.; de Witte, L. P.; Reichrath, E.; Buntinx, W. H. E.; Curfs, L. M. G.
Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, v53 n1 p54-64 Jan 2009
Information Analyses; Journal Articles
Descriptors: Social Life; Mental Retardation; Family Involvement; Community Involvement; Program Effectiveness; Educational Technology; Assistive Technology; Environmental Influences; Interpersonal Relationship; Statistical Analysis; Decision Making; Transportation; Stimulation; Personal Autonomy; Social Support Groups; Social Adjustment; Facilities
Abstract: Study Design: A systematic review of the literature. Objectives: To describe which environmental factors have an impact on community participation of persons with an intellectual disability. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted for the period of 1996-2006 in Pubmed, CINAHL and PSYCINFO. Search terms were derived from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Three investigators assessed the relevance of the studies identified using predefined selection criteria. Aspects of community participation included were: domestic life; interpersonal interactions and relationships; major life areas; community, civic and social life. Environmental factors included were: products and technology; natural environment and human-made changes to environment; support and relationships; attitudes; services, systems and policies. Results: Out of 236 initial hits, 9 quantitative studies and 2 qualitative studies met the predefined selection criteria and were included in the study. Various research instruments were used in the studies and only one study used a conceptual framework. The review allowed the identification of a number of environmental factors positively affecting participation: opportunities to make choices; variety and stimulation of the environment of facilities; opportunities for resident involvement in policy making; small residential facilities; opportunities for autonomy; vocational services; social support; family involvement; assistive technology; and positive staff attitudes. A number of identified environmental factors negatively affecting participation are: lack of transport and not feeling accepted. Discussion: It can be concluded that little has been published about the impact of environmental factors on community participation. Many studies do not clearly define the concept of community participation. Research on the impact of environmental factors on community participation so far seems not to be based on a theoretical framework. Most studies focused on the impact of services on community participation in general. Note:The following two links are not-applicable for text-based browsers or screen-reading software. Show Hide Full Abstract
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