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USACE / NAVFAC / AFCESA / NASA UFGS-33 30 00 (April 2006)
--------------------------
Preparing Activity:
USACE Replacing without change
UFGS-02531 (October 2004)
UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS
References are in agreement with UMRL dated 1 April 2006
Latest change indicated by CHG tags
Section Table of Contents
SECTION 33 30 00
SANITARY SEWERS
04/06
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 REFERENCES
1.2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
1.2.1 Sanitary Sewer Gravity Pipeline
1.2.2 Sanitary Sewer Pressure Lines
1.3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
1.4 SUBMITTALS
1.5 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
1.5.1 Delivery and Storage
1.5.1.1 Piping
1.5.1.2 Metal Items
1.5.1.3 Cement, Aggregate, and Reinforcement
1.5.2 Handling
1.6 DRAWINGS
1.7 EXISTING CONDITIONS
1.8 INSTALLER QUALIFICATIONS
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 PIPELINE MATERIALS
2.1.1 Cast-Iron Soil Piping
2.1.1.1 Cast-Iron Hub and Spigot Soil Pipe and Fittings
2.1.1.2 Cast-Iron Hubless Soil Pipe and Fittings
2.1.2 Clay Piping
2.1.2.1 Clay Pipe and Fittings
2.1.2.2 Clay Piping Jointing Materials
2.1.3 Concrete Gravity Sewer Piping
2.1.3.1 Concrete Gravity Pipe and Fittings
2.1.3.2 Jointing Materials for Concrete Gravity Piping
2.1.4 Concrete Pressure Piping
2.1.4.1 Concrete Pressure Pipe and Fittings
2.1.4.2 Jointing Materials for Concrete Pressure Piping
2.1.5 Ductile Iron Gravity Sewer Pipe and Associated Fittings
2.1.5.1 Ductile Iron Gravity Pipe and Fittings
2.1.5.2 Ductile Iron Gravity Joints and Jointing Materials
2.1.6 Ductile Iron Pressure Piping
2.1.6.1 Ductile Iron Pressure Pipe and Fittings
2.1.6.2 Ductile Iron Pressure Joints and Jointing Materials
2.1.7 ABS Composite Plastic Piping
2.1.7.1 ABS Composite Plastic Pipe and Fittings
2.1.7.2 Jointing Materials for ABS Composite Plastic Piping
2.1.8 ABS Solid-Wall Plastic Piping
2.1.8.1 ABS Solid-Wall Plastic Pipe and Fittings
2.1.8.2 ABS Solid-Wall Plastic Joints and Jointing Materials
2.1.9 PVC Plastic Gravity Sewer Piping
2.1.9.1 PVC Plastic Gravity Pipe and Fittings
2.1.9.2 PVC Plastic Gravity Joints and Jointing Material
2.1.10 PVC Plastic Pressure Pipe and Associated Fittings
2.1.10.1 PVC Plastic Pressure Pipe and Fittings
2.1.10.2 PVC Plastic Pressure Joints and Jointing Material
2.1.11 High Density Polyethylene Pipe
2.1.12 Reinforced Plastic Mortar Pipe (RPMP)
2.1.13 Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Pipe (RTRP)
2.1.13.1 Filament Wound RTRP-I
2.1.13.2 Centrifugally Cast RTRP-II
2.1.14 Piping Beneath Railroad Right-of-Way
2.2 CONCRETE MATERIALS
2.2.1 Cement Mortar
2.2.2 Portland Cement
2.2.3 Portland Cement Concrete
2.3 MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS
2.3.1 Precast Concrete Manholes and Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polyester Manholes
2.3.2 Gaskets and Connectors
2.3.3 External Preformed Rubber Joint Seals
2.3.4 Metal Items
2.3.4.1 Frames, Covers, and Gratings for Manholes
2.3.4.2 Manhole Steps
2.3.4.3 Manhole Ladders
2.3.4.4 Septic Tank Piping
2.3.4.5 Siphon for Septic Tank
2.3.5 Sewage Absorption Field Materials
2.4 REPORTS
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 INSTALLATION OF PIPELINES AND APPURTENANT CONSTRUCTION
3.1.1 General Requirements for Installation of Pipelines
3.1.1.1 Location
3.1.1.2 Earthwork
3.1.1.3 Pipe Laying and Jointing
3.1.1.4 Connections to Existing Lines
3.1.2 Special Requirements
3.1.2.1 Installation of Cast Iron Soil Piping
3.1.2.2 Installation of Clay Piping
3.1.2.3 Installation of Concrete Gravity Sewer Piping
3.1.2.4 Installation of Concrete Pressure Lines
3.1.2.5 Installation of Ductile Iron Gravity Sewer Pipe
3.1.2.6 Installation of Ductile-Iron Pressure Lines
3.1.2.7 Installation of ABS Composite Plastic Piping
3.1.2.8 Installation of ABS Solid-Wall Plastic Piping
3.1.2.9 Installation of PVC Plastic Piping
3.1.2.10 Installation of PVC Plastic Pressure Pipe and Fittings
3.1.2.11 Pipeline Installation Beneath Railroad Right-of-Way
3.1.3 Concrete Work
3.1.4 Manhole Construction
3.1.5 Miscellaneous Construction and Installation
3.1.5.1 Connecting to Existing Manholes
3.1.5.2 Metal Work
3.1.6 Sewage Absorption Trench Construction
3.1.7 Installations of Wye Branches
3.2 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL
3.2.1 Field Tests and Inspections
3.2.2 Tests for Nonpressure Lines
3.2.2.1 Leakage Tests
3.2.2.2 Deflection Testing
3.2.3 Tests for Pressure Lines
3.2.4 Field Tests for Concrete
SECTION 33 30 00
SANITARY SEWERS
NOTE: This guide specification covers the requirements for piping and appurtenant
structures for an exterior sanitary sewer system.
Comments and suggestions on this guide specification are welcome and should
be directed to the technical proponent of the specification. A listing of
technical
proponents, including their organization designation and telephone number, is
on the Internet.
Recommended changes to a UFGS should be submitted as a
Criteria Change Request
(CCR).
Use of electronic communication is encouraged.
Brackets are used in the text to indicate designer choices or locations where
text must be supplied by the designer.
PART 1 GENERAL
NOTE: The following is applicable to USACE project designs.
All pipe materials specified will be retained except under conditions where
they would not be suitable; see TM 5-814-1. Where it is determined that a pipe
material would be altogether unsuitable, every mention of the unsuitable material
and referenced publications that pertain only to the unsuitable material will
be deleted. If a material would be suitable in a part of the system and unsuitable
in other parts, the locations where the material may and may not be used will
be shown on the contract drawings and stated in the contract specifications.
A study of the conditions will be made to determine the suitability of the materials.
If doubt remains after the study, because of exceptional conditions, a report
should be submitted to HQUSACE (CECW-EW).
Consider the following in NAVFAC project designs.
1. Allowable piping materials:
a. The project specification should allow the use of piping materials for each
application which are suitable for the project, each to be permitted as a Contractor's
option.
b. Refer to the appropriate NAVFACENGCOM Design Manual/Military Handbook for
general information on piping materials suitable for use on the applications
covered by this specification.
c. Pipe materials which are known to be unsuitable for local conditions (i.e.,
corrosion, root penetration, etc.) should not be permitted for the project.
However, consideration should be given to use of more effective protective coatings
and jointing methods where economically feasible.
d. In areas where problems with root penetration are anticipated, specify pipe
which has the kind of joint which will successfully resist root penetration.
Generally speaking, the more watertight the joint, the greater will be the resistance
to root penetration. Rubber-gasketed and compression-type joints are considered
to give the best performance for this application.
e. It is assumed that corrosive fluids (acids, alkalies, toluene, etc.) will
not be reaching the exterior sewer system in relatively undiluted condition.
If such will not be the case, investigate the materials specified herein for
resistance to the particular chemical involved. If necessary, corrosion-resistant
materials other than those specified herein may be used.
f. Further information on clay pipe may be found in the Clay Pipe Engineering
Manual (1985 Edition) of the National Clay Pipe Institute.
g. For further information on the selection of concrete sewer pipe and jointing
materials, see the Concrete Pipe Design Manual (1980 Edition) and the Concrete
Pipe Handbook (1980 Edition), both published by the American Concrete Pipe Association.
h. Where required for special applications, reinforced concrete arch pipe conforming
to ASTM C 506 or reinforced concrete elliptical pipe conforming to ASTM C 507
may be specified.
i. Plastic pipe is subject to temperature limitations which must be observed
when specifying plastic pipe for service from laundries, kitchens, and other
facilities discharging large quantities of water at elevated temperatures (the
temperature limit given is for short-time, nonpressure use only; lower temperature
limit is required for long-time use or for pressure use):
ABS ......... 82 degrees C (180 degrees F)
PVC ......... 71.degrees C (160 degrees F)
j. Do not use ABS pipe for applications where high chemical resistance is desired,
such as in lines from laboratories or hospitals.
k. Use caution if considering concrete pipe for septic flows. Depending on
septicity, these pipes may not be satisfactory.
2. Pipe design:
a. Specify equivalent pipe design for the project conditions (using the applicable
criteria for each pipe material) for each pipe material insofar as is practicable.
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE Manual No. 37, "Design and Construction
of Sanitary and Storm Sewers," contains methods of calculation for structural
requirements of pipe; from these, the required strengths for pipe of various
materials may be determined. Investigate external loads, including earth loads,
truck loads, seismic loads, and impact, in the design stage of the project.
b. Give special attention in the design stage of project to plastic pipe materials,
particularly with respect to superimposed external loads which could cause excessive
deflection of the pipe. The degree of sidefill compaction should be considered
realistically, particularly in marginal cases.
c. Where different classes, strengths, etc., of pipe are required for different
sections of long pipelines due to significant differences in external loading,
expand or modify the applicable paragraphs of this specification accordingly.
Show the limits for each class, strength, etc., either on the project drawings
or appropriately describe them in the applicable paragraph of the project specification.
3. Pipe joints: When more than one type of joint is applicable for the specified
piping, permit each as a Contractor's option except where watertight joints
are necessary in areas where root penetration problems are anticipated. In
these cases, rubber-gasketed or compression-type, or solvent-cemented joints
are preferred. Use fuel resistant joint gaskets when required.
4. It may be necessary to modify chemical requirements for cement under certain
conditions. Sulfate resistance is required for concrete pipe when pipe is carrying
sulfate-bearing waters, or when pipe is buried in soil containing sulfates.
Specify Type II (moderate sulfate resisting) cement when water-soluble sulfates
(as S04) in the soil are in the range of 0.1 to 0.2 percent and, for water,
are in the range of 150 to 1000 parts per million. Specify Type V (sulfate
resisting) cement when soils contain in excess of 0.2 percent water-soluble
sulfate and water samples contain in excess of 1000 parts per million. In areas
where reactive aggregates are known to occur, specify low alkali cement.
On the project drawings, show:
1. Plan and location of new pipelines, including type of service and size of
pipe
2. Location, size, and type of service of existing connecting, intersecting,
or adjacent pipelines and other utilities
3. Paved areas and railroads which pass over new pipelines
4. Profile, where necessary to show unusual conditions
5. Invert elevations at beginning and end of pipelines and at manholes or similar
structures
6. Class or strength of pipe and limits for same where class or strength will
be different for different sections of pipeline
7. Design details for pertinent manholes, septic tank(s), and sewage absorption
trench
8. Bedding conditions, where different from those specified in the appropriate
specification and location of cradle(s), when cradle is required, if not covered
9. Maximum working pressure for pressure sewers
10. Location and size of thrust blocks on pressure lines
11. Location of flanged joints on pressure sewers
12. Location of mechanical joints on ductile-iron piping (when used on only
part of the system).
1.1 REFERENCES
NOTE: This paragraph is used to list the publications cited in the text of
the guide specification. The publications are referred to in the text by basic
designation only and listed in this paragraph by organization, designation,
date, and title.
Use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature when you add a RID outside
of the Section's Reference Article to automatically place the reference in the
Reference Article. Also use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature
to update the issue dates.
References not used in the text will automatically be deleted from this section
of the project specification when you choose to reconcile references in the
publish print process.
The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are
referred to within the text by the basic designation only.
| AMERICAN CONCRETE PIPE ASSOCIATION (ACPA) |
| |
| ACPA 01-102 | | (2000) Concrete Pipe Handbook |
| |
| ACPA 01-103 | | (2000) Concrete Pipe Installation Manual |
| AMERICAN RAILWAY ENGINEERING AND MAINTENANCE-OF-WAY ASSOCIATION (AREMA) |
| |
| AREMA 1-5 | | (2001; R 2002) Pipelines |
| AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION(AWWA) |
| |
| AWWA C104 | | (1995) Cement-Mortar Lining for Ductile-Iron
Pipe and Fittings for Water |
| |
| AWWA C105 | | (2005) Polyethylene Encasement for Ductile-Iron
Pipe Systems |
| |
| AWWA C110 | | (2003) Ductile-Iron and Gray-Iron Fittings,
3 In. Through 48 In. (76 mm through 1219 mm),
for Water |
| |
| AWWA C111 | | (2000) Rubber-Gasket Joints for Ductile-Iron
Pressure Pipe and Fittings |
| |
| AWWA C115 | | (1999) Flanged Ductile-Iron Pipe With Ductile-Iron
or Gray-Iron Threaded Flanges |
| |
| AWWA C151 | | (2002) Ductile-Iron Pipe, Centrifugally Cast,
for Water |
| |
| AWWA C153 | | (2000) Ductile-Iron Compact Fittings for Water
Service |
| |
| AWWA C302 | | (2004) Reinforced Concrete Pressure Pipe, Noncylinder
Type |
| |
| AWWA C600 | | (2005) Installation of Ductile-Iron Water Mains
and Their Appurtenances |
| |
| AWWA C605 | | (2005) Underground Installation of Polyvinyl
Chloride (PVC) Pressure Pipe and Fittings for
Water |
| |
| AWWA C606 | | (2004) Grooved and Shouldered Joints |
| |
| AWWA C900 | | (1997) Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pressure Pipe,
and Fabricated Fittings, 4 In. Through 12 In.
(100 mm Through 300 mm), for Water Distribution |
| |
| AWWA M23 | | (2002) Manual: PVC Pipe - Design and Installation |
| |
| AWWA M9 | | (1995) Manual: Concrete Pressure Pipe |
| ASME INTERNATIONAL (ASME) |
| |
| ASME B1.20.1 | | (1983; R 2001) Pipe Threads, General Purpose
(Inch) |
| |
| ASME B16.1 | | (1998) Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
Classes 25, 125, and 250 |
| |
| ASME B18.2.2 | | (1987; R 2005) Square and Hex Nuts |
| |
| ASME B18.5.2.1M | | (1996; R 2003) Metric Round Head Short Square
Neck Bolts |
| |
| ASME B18.5.2.2M | | (1982; R 2000) Metric Round Head Square Neck
Bolts |
| ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM) |
| |
| ASTM A 123/A 123M | | (2002) Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatings on
Iron and Steel Products |
| |
| ASTM A 307 | | (2004) Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60 000
PSI Tensile Strength |
| |
| ASTM A 47/A 47M | | (2004) Ferritic Malleable Iron Castings |
| |
| ASTM A 48/A 48M | | (2003) Gray Iron Castings |
| |
| ASTM A 536 | | (1984; R 2004) Ductile Iron Castings |
| |
| ASTM A 563 | | (2004a) Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts |
| |
| ASTM A 563M | | (2004) Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts (Metric) |
| |
| ASTM A 74 | | (2005) Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings |
| |
| ASTM A 746 | | (2003) Ductile Iron Gravity Sewer Pipe |
| |
| ASTM C 12 | | (2004e1) Installing Vitrified Clay Pipe Lines |
| |
| ASTM C 14 | | (2003) Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert
Pipe |
| |
| ASTM C 14M | | (2004) Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, and Culvert
Pipe (Metric) |
| |
| ASTM C 150 | | (2005) Portland Cement |
| |
| ASTM C 260 | | (2001) Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete |
| |
| ASTM C 270 | | (2005a) Mortar for Unit Masonry |
| |
| ASTM C 33 | | (2003) Concrete Aggregates |
| |
| ASTM C 361 | | (2005e1) Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure
Pipe |
| |
| ASTM C 361M | | (2005e1) Reinforced Concrete Low-Head Pressure
(Metric) |
| |
| ASTM C 425 | | (2004) Compression Joints for Vitrified Clay
Pipe and Fittings |
| |
| ASTM C 443 | | (2005) Joints for Concrete Pipe and Manholes,
Using Rubber Gaskets |
| |
| ASTM C 443M | | (2005) Joints for Concrete Pipe and Manholes,
Using Rubber Gaskets (Metric) |
| |
| ASTM C 478 | | (2003a) Precast Reinforced Concrete Manhole
Sections |
| |
| ASTM C 478M | | (2003a) Precast Reinforced Concrete Manhole
Sections (Metric) |
| |
| ASTM C 564 | | (2003a) Rubber Gaskets for Cast Iron Soil Pipe
and Fittings |
| |
| ASTM C 700 | | (2002) Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength,
Standard Strength, and Perforated |
| |
| ASTM C 76 | | (2005a) Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain,
and Sewer Pipe |
| |
| ASTM C 76M | | (2005a) Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain,
and Sewer Pipe (Metric) |
| |
| ASTM C 828 | | (2003) Low-Pressure Air Test of Vitrified Clay
Pipe Lines |
| |
| ASTM C 923 | | (2002) Resilient Connectors Between Reinforced
Concrete Manhole Structures, Pipes and Laterals |
| |
| ASTM C 923M | | (2002) Resilient Connectors Between Reinforced
Concrete Manhole Structures, Pipes and Laterals
(Metric) |
| |
| ASTM C 924 | | (2002) Testing Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines by
Low-Pressure Air Test Method |
| |
| ASTM C 924M | | (2002) Testing Concrete Pipe Sewer Liner by
Low-Pressure Air Test Method (Metric) |
| |
| ASTM C 94/C 94M | | (2004a) Ready-Mixed Concrete |
| |
| ASTM C 969 | | (2002) Infiltration and Exfiltration Acceptance
Testing of Installed Precast Concrete Pipe Sewer
Lines |
| |
| ASTM C 969M | | (2002) Infiltration and Exfiltration Acceptance
Testing of Installed Precast Concrete Pipe Sewer
Lines (Metric) |
| |
| ASTM C 972 | | (2000) Compression-Recovery of Tape Sealant |
| |
| ASTM C 990 | | (2003a) Joints for Concrete Pipe, Manholes,
and Precast Box Sections Using Preformed Flexible
Joint Sealants |
| |
| ASTM C 990M | | (2003a) Joints for Concrete Pipe, Manholes,
and Precast Box Sections Using Preformed Flexible
Joint Sealants (Metric) |
| |
| ASTM D 1784 | | (2003) Rigid Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Compounds
and Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC)
Compounds |
| |
| ASTM D 1785 | | (2005) Poly(Vinyl Chloride)(PVC) Plastic Pipe,
Schedules 40, 80, and 120 |
| |
| ASTM D 2235 | | (2004) Solvent Cement for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene
(ABS) Plastic Pipe and Fittings |
| |
| ASTM D 2241 | | (2005) Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pressure-Rated
Pipe (SDR Series) |
| |
| ASTM D 2321 | | (2005) Underground Installation of Thermoplastic
Pipe for Sewers and Other Gravity-Flow Applications |
| |
| ASTM D 2412 | | (2002) Determination of External Loading Characteristics
of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate Loading |
| |
| ASTM D 2464 | | (1999e1) Threaded Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
Plastic Pipe Fittings, Schedule 80 |
| |
| ASTM D 2466 | | (2005) Poly(Vinyl Chloride)(PVC) Plastic Pipe
Fittings, Schedule 40 |
| |
| ASTM D 2467 | | (2005) Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Pipe
Fittings, Schedule 80 |
| |
| ASTM D 2680 | | (2001) Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS)
and Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Composite Sewer
Piping |
| |
| ASTM D 2751 | | (2005) Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS)
Sewer Pipe and Fittings |
| |
| ASTM D 2996 | | (2001) Filament-Wound "Fiberglass" (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced
Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe |
| |
| ASTM D 2997 | | (2001) Centrifugally Cast "Fiberglass" (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced
Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe |
| |
| ASTM D 3034 | | (2004a) Type PSM Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC)
Sewer Pipe and Fittings |
| |
| ASTM D 3139 | | (1998; R 2005) Joints for Plastic Pressure Pipes
Using Flexible Elastomeric Seals |
| |
| ASTM D 3212 | | (1996a; R 2003) Joints for Drain and Sewer Plastic
Pipes Using Flexible Elastomeric Seals |
| |
| ASTM D 3262 | | (2004) "Fiberglass" (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced
Thermosetting-Resin) Sewer Pipe |
| |
| ASTM D 3350 | | (2002a) Polyethylene Plastics Pipe and Fittings
Materials |
| |
| ASTM D 3753 | | (1999) Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polyester Manholes
and Wetwells |
| |
| ASTM D 3840 | | (2001) "Fiberglass" (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced
Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe Fittings for Nonpressure
Applications |
| |
| ASTM D 4101 | | (2005a) Polypropylene Injection and Extrusion
Materials |
| |
| ASTM D 412 | | (1998a; R 2002e1) Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic
Elastomers - Tension |
| |
| ASTM D 4161 | | (2001) "Fiberglass" (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced
Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe Joints Using Flexible
Elastomeric Seals |
| |
| ASTM D 624 | | (2000e2) Tear Strength of Conventional Vulcanized
Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers |
| |
| ASTM F 402 | | (1993; R 1999) Safe Handling of Solvent Cements,
Primers, and Cleaners Used for Joining Thermoplastic
Pipe and Fittings |
| |
| ASTM F 405 | | (1997) Corrugated Polyethylene (PE) Tubing and
Fittings |
| |
| ASTM F 477 | | (2002e1) Elastomeric Seals (Gaskets) for Joining
Plastic Pipe |
| |
| ASTM F 714 | | (2003) Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR)
Based on Outside Diameter |
| |
| ASTM F 758 | | (1995; R 2000) Smooth-Wall Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
(PVC) Plastic Underdrain Systems for Highway,
Airport, and Similar Drainage |
| |
| ASTM F 794 | | (2003) Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Profile Gravity
Sewer Pipe and Fittings Based on Controlled
Inside Diameter |
| |
| ASTM F 894 | | (1998a) Polyethylene (PE) Large Diameter Profile
Wall Sewer and Drain Pipe |
| |
| ASTM F 949 | | (2003) Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Corrugated
Sewer Pipe with a Smooth Interior and Fittings |
| CAST IRON SOIL PIPE INSTITUTE (CISPI) |
| |
| CISPI 301 | | (2004) Hubless Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings
for Sanitary and Storm Drain, Waste, and Vent
Piping Applications |
| |
| CISPI 310 | | (2004) Coupling for Use in Connection with Hubless
Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings for Sanitary
and Storm Drain, Waste, and Vent Piping Applications |
| U.S. GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION (GSA) |
| |
| FS A-A-60005 | | (Basic) Frames.Covers, Gratings, Steps, Sump
and Catch Basin, Manhole |
| U.S. NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION (NARA) |
| |
| 29 CFR 1910.27 | | Fixed Ladders |
| UNI-BELL PVC PIPE ASSOCIATION (UBPPA) |
| |
| UBPPA UNI-B-6 | | (1998) Recommended Practice for Low-Pressure
Air Testing of Installed Sewer Pipe |
1.2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
1.2.1 Sanitary Sewer Gravity Pipeline
NOTE: Choose one of the following options for NAVFAC projects. Choose the
second option for LANTNAVFACENGCOM projects.
[Provide [mains and laterals] [[_____] mm inch lines] of [clay pipe] [concrete pipe] [ductile-iron pipe] [acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene
(ABS) composite plastic pipe] [or] [polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe] [at the Contractor's option]. Provide
building connections [[_____] mm inch lines] of [cast iron soil pipe] [clay pipe] [concrete pipe] [acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene
(ABS) solid-wall plastic pipe] [or] [polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe] at the Contractor's option.] [Provide
new and modify existing exterior sanitary gravity sewer piping and appurtenances. Provide each system complete
and ready for operation. The exterior sanitary gravity sewer system includes equipment, materials, installation,
and workmanship as specified herein more than 1.5 m 5 feet outside of building walls.]
1.2.2 Sanitary Sewer Pressure Lines
Provide pressure lines of [ductile iron pressure pipe] [concrete pressure pipe] [or] [polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
plastic pressure pipe] [at the Contractor's option].
1.3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
NOTE: Use this paragraph for USACE projects.
The construction required herein shall include appurtenant structures and building sewers to points of connection
with the building drains 1.5 m 5 feet outside the building to which the sewer system is to be connected. The
Contractor shall replace damaged material and redo unacceptable work at no additional cost to the Government.
Backfilling shall be accomplished after inspection by the Contracting Officer. Before, during, and after installation,
plastic pipe and fittings shall be protected from any environment that would result in damage or deterioration
to the material. The Contractor shall have a copy of the manufacturer's instructions available at the construction
site at all times and shall follow these instructions unless directed otherwise by the Contracting Officer.
Solvents, solvent compounds, lubricants, elastomeric gaskets, and any similar materials required to install the
plastic pipe shall be stored in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendation and shall be discarded if the
storage period exceeds the recommended shelf life. Solvents in use shall be discarded when the recommended pot
life is exceeded.
1.4 SUBMITTALS
NOTE: Review submittal description (SD) definitions in Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL
PROCEDURES and edit the following list to reflect only the submittals required
for the project. Submittals should be kept to the minimum required for adequate
quality control.
A “G” following a submittal item indicates that the submittal requires Government
approval. Some submittals are already marked with a “G”. Only delete an existing
“G” if the submittal item is not complex and can be reviewed through the Contractor’s
Quality Control system. Only add a “G” if the submittal is sufficiently important
or complex in context of the project.
For submittals requiring Government approval on Army projects, a code of up
to three characters within the submittal tags may be used following the "G"
designation to indicate the approving authority. Codes for Army projects using
the Resident Management System (RMS) are: "AE" for Architect-Engineer; "DO"
for District Office (Engineering Division or other organization in the District
Office); "AO" for Area Office; "RO" for Resident Office; and "PO" for Project
Office. Codes following the "G" typically are not used for Navy, Air Force,
and NASA projects.
Choose the first bracketed item for Navy, Air Force and NASA projects, or choose
the second bracketed item for Army projects.
Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation; submittals not having a "G" designation
are for [Contractor Quality Control approval.] [information only. When used, a designation following the "G"
designation identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government.] The following shall be
submitted in accordance with Section
01 33 00
01 33 00
01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:
SD-01 Preconstruction Submittals
Existing Conditions
Drawings of existing conditions, as specified.
SD-02 Shop Drawings
Drawings
Installation and As-Built drawings, as specified.
Precast concrete manhole
Metal items
Frames, covers, and gratings
Details, as specified.
SD-03 Product Data
Pipeline materials
Submit manufacturer's standard drawings or catalog cuts.
SD-06 Test Reports
Reports
Test and inspection reports, as specified.
SD-07 Certificates
Portland Cement
Certificates of compliance stating the type of cement used in manufacture of concrete pipe,
fittings and precast manholes.
Gaskets
Certificates of compliance stating that the fittings or gaskets used for waste drains or lines
designated on the plans as [_____] are [oil] [_____] resistant.
1.5 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
1.5.1 Delivery and Storage
1.5.1.1 Piping
Inspect materials delivered to site for damage; store with minimum of handling. Store materials on site in enclosures
or under protective coverings. Store [plastic piping and jointing materials and] rubber gaskets under cover
out of direct sunlight. Do not store materials directly on the ground. Keep inside of pipes and fittings free
of dirt and debris.
1.5.1.2 Metal Items
Check upon arrival; identify and segregate as to types, functions, and sizes. Store off the ground in a manner
affording easy accessibility and not causing excessive rusting or coating with grease or other objectionable
materials.
1.5.1.3 Cement, Aggregate, and Reinforcement
NOTE: Delete these paragraphs if not used or insert applicable concrete requirements
here.
1.5.2 Handling
Handle pipe, fittings, and other accessories in such manner as to ensure delivery to the trench in sound undamaged
condition. [Take special care not to damage linings of pipe and fittings; if lining is damaged, make satisfactory
repairs.] Carry, do not drag, pipe to trench.
1.6 DRAWINGS
NOTE: Include subparagraph c. on NASA projects.
a. Submit Installation Drawings showing complete detail, both plan and side view details with proper
layout and elevations.
b. Submit As-Built Drawings for the complete sanitary sewer system showing complete detail with all
dimensions, both above and below grade, including invert elevation.
c. Sign and seal As-Built Drawings by a Professional Surveyor and Mapper. Include the following statement:
"All potable water lines crossed by sanitary hazard mains are in accordance with the permitted utility
separation requirements."
1.7 EXISTING CONDITIONS
Submit drawings of existing conditions, after a thorough inspection of the area by the Contractor in the presence
of the Contracting Officer. Details shall include the environmental conditions of the site and adjacent areas.
Submit copies of the records for verification before starting work.
1.8 INSTALLER QUALIFICATIONS
Install specified materials by a licensed undergroun utility Contractor licensed for such work in the state where
the work is to be performed. Installing Contractor's License shall be current and be state certified or state
registered.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 PIPELINE MATERIALS
Pipe shall conform to the respective specifications and other requirements specified below.
2.1.1 Cast-Iron Soil Piping
2.1.1.1 Cast-Iron Hub and Spigot Soil Pipe and Fittings
ASTM A 74, [service] [extra heavy], with ASTM C 564 compression-type rubber gaskets.
2.1.1.2 Cast-Iron Hubless Soil Pipe and Fittings
NOTE: Delete this paragraph for areas where hubless fittings are considered
inappropriate due to failure of coupling by corrosion.
CISPI 301 with CISPI 310 coupling joints.
2.1.2 Clay Piping
2.1.2.1 Clay Pipe and Fittings
NOTE: Tables of trench loadings, trench backfill loads, and supporting strengths
of clay pipe are included in the Clay Pipe Engineering Manual (1982 edition)
of the National Clay Pipe Institute. The required strength of clay pipe can
be derived from these tables when depth of trench is known.
Specify "bell-and-spigot piping only" in areas where corrosion problems may
be anticipated with the stainless steel parts of the couplings used for plain-end
piping.
ASTM C 700, [standard strength] [extra strength] [bell-and-spigot piping only].
2.1.2.2 Clay Piping Jointing Materials
ASTM C 425.
2.1.3 Concrete Gravity Sewer Piping
NOTE: Not allowed for LANTNAVFACENGCOM projects. Not normally allowed on NASA
projects
2.1.3.1 Concrete Gravity Pipe and Fittings
NOTE: The D-load (load per linear [meter] [foot] of diameter) must be calculated
on the basis of project conditions to determine the applicable Class or strength
of pipe. The Concrete Pipe Design Manual (1980 edition) of the American Concrete
Pipe Association contains design information and methods by which the applicable
Class or strength of pipe can be determined when depth of trench is known.
It may be necessary to modify chemical requirements for cement under certain
conditions. Sulfate resistance is required for concrete pipe when pipe is carrying
sulfate-bearing waters, or when pipe is buried in soil containing sulfates.
Specify Type II (moderate sulfate resisting) cement when water-soluble sulfates
(as S04) in the soil are in the range of 0.1 to 0.2 percent and, for water,
are in the range of 150 to 1000 parts per million. Specify Type V (sulfate
resisting) cement when soils contain in excess of 0.2 percent water-soluble
sulfate and water samples contain in excess of 1000 parts per million. In areas
where reactive aggregates are known to occur, specify low alkali cement.
Pipe shall be [nonreinforced concrete pipe conforming toASTM C 14MASTM C 14, Class [_____]] [reinforced concrete
pipe conforming toASTM C 76MASTM C 76, Class [_____]]. Circular pipe with elliptical reinforcement shall have
a readily visible line at least 300 mm 12 inches long painted or otherwise applied on the inside and outside
of the pipe at each end so that when the pipe is laid in the proper position, the line will be at the center
of the top of the pipe. Fittings and specials shall conform to the applicable requirements specified for the
pipe and shall be of the same strength as the pipe. [Cement used in manufacturing pipe and fittings shall be
[Type II] [Type V] [low alkali cement] conforming to ASTM C 150.]
2.1.3.2 Jointing Materials for Concrete Gravity Piping
Gaskets and pipe ends for rubber gasket joint shall conform toASTM C 443MASTM C 443. Gaskets shall be suitable
for use with sewage.
2.1.4 Concrete Pressure Piping
NOTE: Not allowed for LANTNAVFACENGCOM projects.
2.1.4.1 Concrete Pressure Pipe and Fittings
NOTE: Delete reference to AWWA C302 within brackets when pressure rating greater
than 310 kPa (45 psi) is required.
It may be necessary to modify chemical requirements for cement under certain
conditions. Sulfate resistance is required for concrete pipe when pipe is carrying
sulfate-bearing waters, or when pipe is buried in soil containing sulfates.
Specify Type II (moderate sulfate resisting) cement when water-soluble sulfates
(as S04) in the soil are in the range of 0.1 to 0.2 percent and, for water,
are in the range of 150 to 1000 parts per million. Specify Type V (sulfate
resisting) cement when soils contain in excess of 0.2 percent water-soluble
sulfate and water samples contain in excess of 1000 parts per million. In areas
where reactive aggregates are known to occur, specify low alkali cement.
For concrete pressure piping, ASTM C 361M (ASTM C 361) covers pipe for up to
37.5 m (125 feet) of hydrostatic head, approximately 379 kPa (55 psi); AWWA
C302 covers pipe and fittings for 310 kPa (45 psi) pressure rating, 30 m (100
feet) of hydro-static head) only. ASTM C 361M (ASTM C 361) contains tables
giving design requirements for pipe in all combinations of 30 and 37.5 m (100
and 125 feet) of hydrostatic head with 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0 m (5, 10, 15, and
20 feet) of earth cover. Where higher pressure ratings are necessary, piping
conforming to AWWA C300, C301, or C303 should be specified.
Pipe shall conform to [AWWA C302 or to] ASTM C 361MASTM C 361. Pipe shall be designed for hydrostatic head
of [30] [38] m [100] [125] feet and external loading of [1.5] [3.0] [4.5] [6.0] m [5] [10] [15] [20] feet of
earth cover. Circular pipe with elliptical reinforcement shall have a readily visible line at least 300 mm 12
inches long painted or otherwise applied on the inside and outside of the pipe at each end so that when the pipe
is laid in the proper position, the line will be at the center of the top of the pipe. [Cement used in manufacturing
pipe and fittings shall be [Type II] [Type V] [low alkali cement] conforming to ASTM C 150.] Fittings shall
conform to AWWA C302.
2.1.4.2 Jointing Materials for Concrete Pressure Piping
NOTE: Use first bracketed wording when pressure rating greater than 310 kPa
(45 psi) is not required. Use second bracketed wording when pressure rating
greater than 310 kPa (45 psi) is required.
Gaskets shall be as specified in [the referenced specification for the pipe] [ASTM C 361MASTM C 361] and shall
be suitable for use with sewage.
2.1.5 Ductile Iron Gravity Sewer Pipe and Associated Fittings
2.1.5.1 Ductile Iron Gravity Pipe and Fittings
NOTE: ASTM A 746 also contains design information and methods by which the
required Thickness Class of Pipe can be determined when depth of trench is known.
Delete requirements for and references to push-on joints for ductile-iron gravity
sewer pipe and associated fittings when the greater deflection afforded by the
mechanical joint is considered necessary throughout.
Ductile iron pipe shall conform to ASTM A 746, Thickness Class [_____]. Fittings shall conform to AWWA C110 or
AWWA C153. [Fittings with push-on joint ends shall conform to the same requirements as fittings with mechanical-joint
ends, [except that the bell design shall be modified, as approved by the Contracting Officer, for push-on joint].]
Fittings shall have strength at least equivalent to that of the pipe. Ends of pipe and fittings shall be suitable
for the joints specified hereinafter. Pipe and fittings shall have cement-mortar lining conforming to AWWA C104
, standard thickness.
2.1.5.2 Ductile Iron Gravity Joints and Jointing Materials
NOTE: Delete requirements for and references to push-on joints for ductile-iron
gravity sewer pipe and associated fittings when the greater deflection afforded
by the mechanical joint is considered necessary throughout.
Pipe and fittings shall have [push-on joints] [or] [mechanical joints], except as otherwise specified in this
paragraph. [Mechanical joints only shall be used where indicated.] [Push-on joint pipe ends and fitting ends,
gaskets, and lubricant for joint assembly shall conform to AWWA C111.] [Mechanical joint requirements for pipe
ends, glands, bolts and nuts, and gaskets shall conform to AWWA C111.]
2.1.6 Ductile Iron Pressure Piping
NOTE: Ductile iron pipe is used for sizes 75 mm (3 inches) to 1600 mm (64 inches).
2.1.6.1 Ductile Iron Pressure Pipe and Fittings
NOTE: Use Thickness Class 52 for LANTNAVFACENGCOM projects.
Ductile-iron pipe shall conform to AWWA C151, Thickness Class [_____]. [Flanged pipe shall conform to AWWA C115
.] Fittings shall conform to AWWA C110 or AWWA C153. [Fittings with push-on joint ends shall conform to the
same requirements as fittings with mechanical-joint ends, except that the bell design shall be modified, as approved,
for push-on joint.] Fittings shall have pressure rating at least equivalent to that of the pipe. Ends of pipe
and fittings shall be suitable for the joints specified hereinafter. Pipe and fittings shall have cement-mortar
lining conforming to AWWA C104, standard thickness.
2.1.6.2 Ductile Iron Pressure Joints and Jointing Materials
a. Joints, general: Joints for pipe and fittings shall be [push-on joints] [or] [mechanical
joints] except as otherwise specified in this paragraph. [Joints shall be mechanical-joints
where indicated.] [Joints shall be flanged joints where indicated.] [Joints made with sleeve-type
mechanical coupling may be used in lieu of push-on joint.] [[Grooved] [or] [shouldered] type
joints may be used in lieu of push-on joint [or flanged joint], except where joint is buried.]
b. Push-on joints: Shape of pipe ends and fitting ends, gaskets, and lubricant for joint assembly
shall conform to AWWA C111.
c. Mechanical joints: Dimensional and material requirements for pipe ends, glands, bolts and
nuts, and gaskets shall conform to AWWA C111.
d. Flanged joints: Bolts, nuts, and gaskets for flanged connections shall be as recommended
in the Appendix to AWWA C115. Flange for setscrewed flanges shall be of ductile iron, ASTM A 536
, Grade 65-45-12, and shall conform to the applicable requirements of ASME B16.1, Class 250.
Setscrews for setscrewed flanges shall be 1310 MPa 190,000 psi tensile strength, heat treated,
and zinc-coated steel. Gasket for setscrewed flanges shall conform to the applicable requirements
for mechanical-joint gaskets specified in AWWA C111. Design of setscrewed gasket shall provide
for confinement and compression of gasket when joint to adjoining flange is made.
NOTE: At the text below, delete "or steel" when middle ring of cast iron only
is considered necessary due to anticipated corrosion problems. Delete requirement
for strength of steel when steel is not allowed as a material for middle ring.
At the text below, minimum numbers of bolts for each pipe size should be as
follows: 75 mm (3 inch),3; 100 mm (4 inch), 4; 150 mm (6 inch), 5; 200 mm (8
inch), 6; 250 mm (10 inch), 7; 300 and 350 mm (12 and 14 inch), 8; 400 mm (16
inch), 9; 450 mm (18 inch), 10; 500 mm (20 inch), 12; 550 mm (22 inch), 13;
600 mm (24 inch), 14.
e. Joints made with sleeve-type mechanical couplings: Couplings shall be designed to couple
plain-end piping by compression of a ring gasket at each end of the adjoining pipe sections.
The coupling shall consist of one middle ring flared or beveled at each end to provide a gasket
seat, two follower rings, two resilient tapered rubber gaskets, and bolts and nuts to draw the
follower rings toward each other to compress the gaskets. The middle ring and the follower
rings shall be true circular sections free from irregularities, flat spots, and surface defects;
the design shall provide for confinement and compression of the gaskets. Middle ring shall
be of cast-iron [or steel], and the follower rings shall be of malleable iron or ductile iron.
Cast iron shall conform to ASTM A 48/A 48M and shall be not less than Class 25. Malleable iron
shall conform to ASTM A 47/A 47M. Ductile iron shall conform to ASTM A 536. [Steel shall have
a strength not less than that of the pipe.] Gaskets shall be designed for long life and resistance
to set after installation and shall meet the applicable requirements specified for gaskets for
mechanical joint in AWWA C111. Bolts shall be track-head type; bolts and nuts shall be either
of the following: bolts conforming to the tensile requirements of ASTM A 307, Grade A, with
nuts conforming to the tensile requirements ofASTM A 563MASTM A 563, Grade A; or round-head
square-neck type bolts conforming to ASME B18.5.2.1M and ASME B18.5.2.2M with hex nuts conforming
to ASME B18.2.2. Bolts shall be 16 mm 5/8 inch in diameter; minimum number of bolts for each
coupling shall be [_____] [for [_____] mm inch pipe [,[_____] for [_____] mm inch pipe,] and
[_____] for [_____] mm inch pipe]. Bolt holes in follower rings shall be of a shape to hold
fast the necks of the bolts used. Sleeve-type mechanical couplings shall not be used as an
optional method of jointing except where pipeline is adequately anchored to resist tension pull
across the joint.
f. [Grooved] [and] [Shouldered] Type Joints: [Grooved pipe ends] [Shouldered pipe ends] and
couplings shall conform to AWWA C606. Joint dimensions shall be as specified in AWWA C606 for
rigid joints.
2.1.7 ABS Composite Plastic Piping
2.1.7.1 ABS Composite Plastic Pipe and Fittings
ASTM D 2680.
2.1.7.2 Jointing Materials for ABS Composite Plastic Piping
Solvent cement and primer shall conform to ASTM D 2680.
2.1.8 ABS Solid-Wall Plastic Piping
2.1.8.1 ABS Solid-Wall Plastic Pipe and Fittings
ASTM D 2751, SDR 35, with ends suitable for either solvent cement joints or elastomer joints.
2.1.8.2 ABS Solid-Wall Plastic Joints and Jointing Materials
Solvent cement for solvent cement joints shall conform to ASTM D 2235. Elastomeric joints shall conform to ASTM D 3212
. Gaskets for elastomeric joints shall conform to ASTM F 477.
2.1.9 PVC Plastic Gravity Sewer Piping
2.1.9.1 PVC Plastic Gravity Pipe and Fittings
[ASTM D 3034, SDR 35, or ASTM F 949 with ends suitable for elastomeric gasket joints.] [ASTM F 794, Series 46,
for ribbed sewer pipe with smooth interior, size 200 mm 8 inch through 1200 mm 48 inch diameters.]
2.1.9.2 PVC Plastic Gravity Joints and Jointing Material
Joints shall conform to ASTM D 3212. Gaskets shall conform to ASTM F 477.
2.1.10 PVC Plastic Pressure Pipe and Associated Fittings
2.1.10.1 PVC Plastic Pressure Pipe and Fittings
a. Pipe and Fittings Less Than 100 mm 4 inch Diameter: Pipe, couplings and fittings shall
be manufactured of materials conforming to ASTM D 1784, Class 12454B.
(1) Screw-Joint: Pipe shall conform to dimensional requirements of ASTM D 1785, Schedule 80,
with joints meeting requirements of 1.03 Mpa 150 psi working pressure, 1.38 Mpa 200 psi hydrostatic
test pressure, unless otherwise shown or specified. Fittings for threaded pipe shall conform
to requirements of ASTM D 2464, threaded to conform to the requirements of ASME B1.20.1 for
use with Schedule 80 pipe and fittings. Pipe couplings when used, shall be tested as required
by ASTM D 2464.
(2) Push-On Joint: ASTM D 3139, with ASTM F 477 gaskets. Fittings for push-on joints shall
be iron conforming to AWWA C110 or AWWA C111. Iron fittings and specials shall shall be cement-mortar
lined (standard thickness) in accordance with AWWA C104.
(3) Solvent Cement Joint: Pipe shall conform to dimensional requirements of ASTM D 1785 or
ASTM D 2241 with joints meeting the requirements of 1.03 Mpa 150 psi working pressure and 1.38
Mpa 200 psi hydrostatic test pressure. Fittings for solvent cement jointing shall conform to
ASTM D 2466 or ASTM D 2467.
b. Pipe and Fittings 100 mm 4 inch Diameter to 300 mm 12 inch: Pipe shall conform to AWWA C900
and shall be plain end or gasket bell end, Pressure Class 150 (DR 18), with cast-iron-pipe-equivalent
OD. Fittings shall be gray-iron or ductile-iron conforming to AWWA C110 or AWWA C153 and shall
have cement-mortar lining conforming to AWWA C104, standard thickness. Fittings with push-on
joint ends shall conform to the same requirements as fittings with mechanical-joint ends, except
that bell design shall be modified, as approved, for push-on joint suitable for use with the
PVC plastic pressure pipe specified in this paragraph.
2.1.10.2 PVC Plastic Pressure Joints and Jointing Material
Joints for pipe, 100 mm 4 inch to 300 mm 12 inch diameter, shall be push-on joints as specified in ASTM D 3139
. Joints between pipe and fittings shall be push-on joints as specified in ASTM D 3139 or shall be compression-type
joints/mechanical-joints as respectively specified in ASTM D 3139 and AWWA C111. Each joint connection shall
be provided with an elastomeric gasket suitable for the bell or coupling with which it is to be used. Gaskets
for push-on joints for pipe shall conform to ASTM F 477. Gaskets for push-on joints and compression-type joints/mechanical-joints
for joint connections between pipe and fittings shall be as specified in AWWA C111, respectively, for push-on
joints and mechanical-joints.
2.1.11 High Density Polyethylene Pipe
ASTM F 894, Class 63, size 450 mm 18 inch through 3000 mm 120 inch. ASTM F 714, size 100 mm 4 inch through 1200
mm 48 inch. The polyethylene shall be certified by the resin producer as meeting the requirements of ASTM D 3350
, cell Class 334433C. The pipe stiffness shall be greater than or equal to 1170/D for cohesionless material
pipe trench backfills. Fittings for High Density Polyethylene Pipe: ASTM F 894. Joints for high density polyethylene
pipe: Rubber gasket joints shall conform toASTM C 443MASTM C 443.
2.1.12 Reinforced Plastic Mortar Pipe (RPMP)
Reinforced plastic mortar pipe shall be produced by centrifugal casting and shall have an outside diameter equal
to dectile iron pipe dimensions from 450 mm 18 inch to 1200 mm 48 inch. The inner surface of the pipe shall
have a smooth uniform continuous resin-rich surface liner. The minimum pipe stiffness shall be 248 kPa 36 psi
. RPMP shall be in accordance with ASTM D 3262. Fittings for RPMP: ASTM D 3840. Joints for RPMP: Bell and
spigot gasket coupling utilizing an elastomeric gasket in accordance with ASTM D 4161 and ASTM F 477.
2.1.13 Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Pipe (RTRP)
RTRP pipe: ASTM D 3262. Fittings for RTRP: ASTM D 3262. Joints for RTRP: Bell and spigot type utilizing
an elastomeric gasket in accordance with ASTM F 477.
2.1.13.1 Filament Wound RTRP-I
RTRP-I shall conform to ASTM D 2996, except pipe shall have an outside diameter equal to cast iron outside diameter
or standard weight steel pipe. The pipe shall be suitable for a normal working pressure of 1.03 MPa 150 psi
at 22.8 degrees C 73 degrees F. The inner surface of the pipe shall have a smooth uniform continuous resin-rich
surface liner conforming to ASTM D 2996.
2.1.13.2 Centrifugally Cast RTRP-II
RTRP-II shall conform to ASTM D 2997. Pipe shall have an outside diameter equal to standard weight steel pipe.
2.1.14 Piping Beneath Railroad Right-of-Way
Where pipeline passes under the right-of-way of a commercial railroad, piping shall conform to the specifications
for pipelines conveying nonflammable substances in AREMA 1-5, except as otherwise specified in this paragraph.
For casing pipe provide ductile-iron pipe in lieu of cast-iron soil pipe. Ductile-iron pipe shall conform to
and have strength computed in accordance with ASTM A 746.
2.2 CONCRETE MATERIALS
2.2.1 Cement Mortar
Cement mortar shall conform to ASTM C 270, Type M with Type II cement.
2.2.2 Portland Cement
NOTE: Type II cement normally will be specified, but Type V cement will be
specified when the soils contain in excess of 0.2 percent water-soluble sulfate
as SO(4), or the waste water contains in excess of 1000 parts per million sulfates.
Type I cement may be permitted when it can be assured that the water soluble
sulfates in the soil will be less than 0.1 percent and the waste water will
contain less than 150 parts per million sulfates over the design life of the
project.
Portland cement shall conform to ASTM C 150, Type [II] [V] for concrete used in concrete pipe, concrete pipe
fittings, and manholes and type optional with the Contractor for cement used in concrete cradle, concrete encasement,
and thrust blocking. [Air-entraining admixture conforming to ASTM C 260 shall be used with Type V cement.]
[Where aggregates are alkali reactive, as determined by Appendix XI of ASTM C 33, a cement containing less than
0.60 percent alkalies shall be used.]
2.2.3 Portland Cement Concrete
NOTE: When ready-mix concrete conforming to ASTM C 94/C 94M is not economically
available, rewrite this paragraph to permit use of concrete mixed onsite. Specify
concrete aggregates conforming to ASTM C 33 and concrete consisting of 1 part
portland cement, 2-1/2 parts sand, and 5 parts gravel, with just enough water
for workable consistency
Portland cement concrete shall conform to ASTM C 94/C 94M, compressive strength of 28 MPa 4000 psi at 28 days,
except for concrete cradle and encasement or concrete blocks for manholes. Concrete used for cradle and encasement
shall have a compressive strength of 17 MPa 2500 psi minimum at 28 days. Concrete in place shall be protected
from freezing and moisture loss for 7 days.
2.3 MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS
2.3.1 Precast Concrete Manholes and Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polyester Manholes
Precast concrete manhole risers, base sections, and tops shall conform toASTM C 478MASTM C 478; base and first
riser shall be monolithic. Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polyester Manholes shall conform to ASTM D 3753.
2.3.2 Gaskets and Connectors
Gaskets for joints between manhole sections shall conform toASTM C 443MASTM C 443. Resilient connectors for
making joints between manhole and pipes entering manhole shall conform toASTM C 923MASTM C 923 orASTM C 990M ASTM C 990.
2.3.3 External Preformed Rubber Joint Seals
An external preformed rubber joint seal shall be an accepted method of sealing cast iron covers to precast concrete
sections to prevent ground water infiltration into sewer systems. All finished and sealed manholes constructed
in accordance with paragraph entitled "Manhole Construction" shall be tested for leakage in the same manner as
pipelines as described in paragraph entitled "Leakage Tests." The seal shall be multi-section with a neoprene
rubber top section and all lower sections made of Ethylene Proplene Di Monomer (EPDM) rubber with a minimum thickness
of 1.5 mm 60 mils. Each unit shall consist of a top and bottom section and shall have mastic on the bottom
of the bottom section and mastic on the top and bottom of the top section. The mastic shall be a non-hardening
butyl rubber sealant and shall seal to the cone/top slab of the manhole/catch basin and over the lip of the casting.
Extension sections shall cover up to two more adjusting rings. Properties and values are listed in the following
tables:
[Properties, Test Methods and Minimum Values forRubber used in Preformed Joint Seals
Physical Properties Test Methods EPDM Neoprene Butyl mastic
Tensile, kPa ASTM D 412 12,684 15,132 -
Elogation percent ASTM D 412 553 295 350
Tear Resistance, N/mm ASTM D 624 49 28 -
(Die B)
Rebound, percent, ASTM C 972 - - 11
5 minutes (mod.)
Rebound, percent, ASTM C 972 - - 12]
2 hours
[Properties, Test Methods and Minimum Values forRubber used in Preformed Joint Seals
Physical Properties Test Methods EPDM Neoprene Butyl mastic
Tensile, psi ASTM D 412 1840 2195 -
Elogation percent ASTM D 412 553 295 350
Tear Resistance, ppi ASTM D 624 280 160 -
(Die B)
Rebound, percent, ASTM C 972 - - 11
5 minutes (mod.)
Rebound, percent, ASTM C 972 - - 12]
2 hours
2.3.4 Metal Items
2.3.4.1 Frames, Covers, and Gratings for Manholes
FS A-A-60005, cast iron; figure numbers shall be [as follows] [as indicated]:
a. Traffic manhole: Provide in paved areas.
Frame: Figure 1, Size 22A
Cover: Figure 8, Size 22A
Steps: Figure 19
b. Non-traffic manhole:
Frame: Figure 4, Size 22
Cover: Figure 12, Size 22
Steps: Figure 19
Frames and covers shall be cast iron, ductile iron or reinforced concrete. Cast iron frames and covers shall
be as indicated or shall be of type suitable for the application, circular, without vent holes. The frames and
covers shall have a combined weight of not less than 181.4 kg 400 pounds. Reinforced concrete frames and covers
shall be as indicated or shall conform toASTM C 478MASTM C 478. The word "Sewer" shall be stamped or cast
into covers so that it is plainly visible.
2.3.4.2 Manhole Steps
[Zinc-coated steel] [as indicated] conforming to 29 CFR 1910.27. [As an option, plastic or rubber coating pressure-molded
to the steel may be used. Plastic coating shall conform to ASTM D 4101, copolymer polypropylene. Rubber shall
conform toASTM C 443MASTM C 443, except shore A durometer hardness shall be 70 plus or minus 5.] Aluminum steps
or rungs will not be permitted. Steps are not required in manholes les 1.2 m 4 feet deep.
2.3.4.3 Manhole Ladders
A steel ladder shall be provided where the depth of a manhole exceeds 3.6 m 12 feet. The ladder shall not be
less than 406 mm 16 inches in width, with 19 mm 3/4 inch diameter rungs spaced 305 mm 12 inches apart. The two
stringers shall be a minimum 10 mm 3/8 inch thick and 51 mm 2 inches wide. Ladders and inserts shall be galvanized
after fabrication in conformance with ASTM A 123/A 123M.
2.3.4.4 Septic Tank Piping
Cast iron soil pipe and fittings.
2.3.4.5 Siphon for Septic Tank
Welded steel or close-grained cast iron free from flaws, of an approved standard design, and prompt and positive
in action.
2.3.5 Sewage Absorption Field Materials
NOTE: Choose one of the following options. Choose the second option for LANTNAVFACENGCOM
projects.
a. [Pipe shall be perforated bell-and-spigot clay pipe conforming to ASTM C 700, clay drain tile, perforated
corrugated polyethylene tubing conforming to ASTM F 405. Covering for open joints in drain tile lines shall
be asphalt-treated paper or asphalt-covered fibrous glass cloth. Wire for fastening covering to tile shall be
1.2 mm No. 18 American Wire Gage, nonferrous metal composition.]
b. [Pipe shall be perforated bell-and-spigot clay pipe conforming to ASTM C 700, clay drain tile or PVC plastic
pipe conforming to ASTM F 758. Covering for open joints in drain tile lines shall be asphalt-treated paper or
asphalt-covered fibrous glass cloth. Wire for fastening covering to tile shall be 1.2 mm No. 18 American Wire
Gage, nonferrous metal composition.]
2.4 REPORTS
Submit Test Reports. [Compaction and density test shall be in accordance with Section
31 00 00
31 00 00
31 00 00 EARTHWORK].
Submit Inspection Reports for daily activities during the installation of the sanitary system. Information in
the report shall be detailed enough to describe location of work and amount of pipe laid in place, measured in
linear
meters feet.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 INSTALLATION OF PIPELINES AND APPURTENANT CONSTRUCTION
3.1.1 General Requirements for Installation of Pipelines
These general requirements apply except where specific exception is made in the following paragraphs entitled
"Special Requirements."
3.1.1.1 Location
NOTE: Choose one of the following options.
The work covered by this section shall terminate at a point approximately 1.5 m 5 feet from the building [, unless
otherwise indicated]. [Where the location of the sewer is not clearly defined by dimensions on the drawings,
do not lay sewer line closer horizontally than 3 m 10 feet to a water main or service line.] [Install pressure
sewer lines beneath water lines only, with the top of the sewer line being at least 0.60 m 2 feet below bottom
of water line.] [Where sanitary sewer lines pass above water lines, encase sewer in concrete for a distance of
3 m 10 feet on each side of the crossing, or substitute rubber-gasketed pressure pipe for the pipe being used
for the same distance.] [Where sanitary sewer lines pass below water lines, lay pipe so that no joint in the
sewer line will be closer than 0.9 m 3 feet, horizontal distance, to the water line.]
NOTE: Include the options "a" through "c" below for
LANTNAVFACENGCOM projects.
[a. Sanitary piping installation parallel with water line:
(1) Normal conditions: Sanitary piping or manholes shall be laid at least 3 m 10 feet horizontally
from a water line whenever possible. The distance shall be measured edge-to-edge.
(2) Unusual conditions: When local conditions prevent a horizontal separation of 3 m 10 feet
, the sanitary piping or manhole may be laid closer to a water line provided that:
(a) The top (crown) of the sanitary piping shall be at least 450 mm 18 inches below the bottom
(invert) of the water main.
(b) Where this vertical separation cannot be obtained, the sanitary piping shall be constructed
of AWWA-approved ductile iron water pipe pressure tested in place without leakage prior to backfilling.
(c) The sewer manhole shall be of watertight construction and tested in place.]
[b. Installation of sanitary piping crossing a water line:
(1) Normal conditions: Lay sanitary sewer piping by crossing under water lines to provide
a separation of at least 450 mm 18 inches between the top of the sanitary piping and the bottom
of the water line whenever possible.
(2) Unusual conditions: When local conditions prevent a vertical separation described above,
use the following construction:
(a) Sanitary piping passing over or under water lines shall be constructed of AWWA-approved
ductile iron water pipe, pressure tested in place without leakage prior to backfilling.
(b) Sanitary piping passing over water lines shall, in addition, be protected by providing:
1. A vertical separation of at least 450 mm 18 inches between the bottom of the sanitary piping
and the top of the water line.
2. Adequate structural support for the sanitary piping to prevent excessive deflection of the
joints and the settling on and breaking of the water line.
3. That the length, minimum 6.1 m 20 feet, of the sanitary piping be centered at the point
of the crossing so that joints shall be equidistant and as far as possible from the water line.]
[c. Sanitary sewer manholes: No water piping shall pass through or come in contact with any
part of a sanitary sewer manhole.]
3.1.1.2 Earthwork
NOTE: Earthwork requirements, including bedding, for pipe trenches and utility
structures are covered in Section 31 00 00 EARTHWORK. The above referenced
section number and title are subject to change. The specifier should verify
the current specification and revise if different.
Perform earthwork operations in accordance with Section [_____].
3.1.1.3 Pipe Laying and Jointing
NOTE: Delete requirement for tongue-and-groove pipe (concrete pipe) when not
allowed for the project.
Inspect each pipe and fitting before and after installation; replace those found defective and remove from site.
Provide proper facilities for lowering sections of pipe into trenches. Lay nonpressure pipe with the bell [or
groove] ends in the upgrade direction. Adjust spigots in bells [and tongues in grooves] to give a uniform space
all around. Blocking or wedging between bells and spigots [or tongues and grooves] will not be permitted. Replace
by one of the proper dimensions, pipe or fittings that do not allow sufficient space for installation of joint
material. At the end of each work day, close open ends of pipe temporarily with wood blocks or bulkheads. Provide
batterboards not more than 7.50 m 25 feet apart in trenches for checking and ensuring that pipe invert elevations
are as indicated. Laser beam method may be used in lieu of batterboards for the same purpose. Branch connections
shall be made by use of regular fittings or solvent cemented saddles as approved. Saddles for ABS and PVC composite
pipe shall conform to Figure 2 of ASTM D 2680; saddles for ABS pipe shall comply with Table 3 of ASTM D 2751;
and saddles for PVC pipe shall conform to Table 4 of ASTM D 3034.
3.1.1.4 Connections to Existing Lines
Obtain approval from the Contracting Officer before making connection to existing line. Conduct work so that
there is minimum interruption of service on existing line.
3.1.2 Special Requirements
3.1.2.1 Installation of Cast Iron Soil Piping
Unless otherwise specified, install pipe and fittings in accordance with paragraph entitled "General Requirements
for Installation of Pipelines" of this section and with the recommendations of the pipe manufacturer. Make joints
with the rubber gaskets specified for cast iron soil pipe joints and assemble in accordance with the recommendations
of the pipe manufacturer.
3.1.2.2 Installation of Clay Piping
Install pipe and fittings in accordance with paragraph entitled "General Requirements for Installation of Pipelines"
of this section and with the requirements of ASTM C 12 for pipe laying. Make joints with a compression joint
material specified for clay pipe joints and assemble in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer
of the pipe.
3.1.2.3 Installation of Concrete Gravity Sewer Piping
NOTE: Not allowed for LANTNAVFACENGCOM projects.
Install pipe and fittings in accordance with paragraph entitled "General Requirements for Installation of Pipelines"
of this section and with the provisions for rubber gasket jointing and jointing procedures of ACPA 01-103 or
of ACPA 01-102, Chapter 9, "Installation, Inspection and Construction Testing." Make joints with the gaskets
specified for concrete gravity sewer pipe joints. Clean and dry surfaces receiving lubricants, cements, or adhesives.
Affix gaskets to pipe not more than 24 hours prior to the installation of the pipe. Protect gaskets from sun,
blowing dust, and other deleterious agents at all times. Before installation of the pipe, inspect gaskets and
remove and replace loose or improperly affixed gaskets. Align each pipe section with the previously installed
pipe section, and pull the joint together. If, while pulling the joint, the gasket becomes loose and can be
seen through the exterior joint recess when the pipe is pulled up to within 25 mm 1 inch of closure, remove the
pipe and remake the joint.
3.1.2.4 Installation of Concrete Pressure Lines
NOTE: Not allowed for LANTNAVFACENGCOM projects.
Unless otherwise specified, install pipe and fittings in accordance with paragraph entitled "General Requirements
for Installation of Pipelines" of this section and with the laying and joining requirements specified in the
guide specifications for installation of pipe given in AWWA M9, Chapter 14, "Guide Specifications for Installation
of Pipe."
a. Joints: Make joints with the gaskets specified for concrete pressure pipe joints, using
an approved lubricant recommended by the pipe manufacturer. Assemble these joints in accordance
with the joining requirements specified in the guide specifications for installation of pipe
given in AWWA M9, Chapter 14, "Guide Specifications for Installation of Pipe," and with the
recommendations given for laying the pipe in AWWA M9, Chapter 6, "Installation by Trenching
or Tunneling -- Methods and Equipment."
b. Pipe anchorage: Provide concrete thrust blocks (reaction backing) for pipe anchorage.
Size and position thrust blocks as indicated. Use concrete conforming to ASTM C 94/C 94M having
a minimum compressive strength of 13.80 MPa 2,000 psi at 28 days; or use concrete of a mix not
leaner than one part cement 2 1/2 parts sand, and 5 parts gravel, having the same minimum compressive
strength.
3.1.2.5 Installation of Ductile Iron Gravity Sewer Pipe
Unless otherwise specified, install pipe and associated fittings in accordance with paragraph entitled "General
Requirements for Installation of Pipelines" of this section and with the requirements of AWWA C600 for pipe installation
and joint assembly.
NOTE: At the text below, delete requirements for and references to push-on
joints for ductile-iron gravity sewer pipe and associated fittings when the
greater deflection afforded by the mechanical joint is considered necessary
throughout.
a. [Make push-on joints with the gaskets and lubricant specified for this type joint and assemble
in accordance with the applicable requirements of AWWA C600 for joint assembly.] Make mechanical-joints
with the gaskets, glands, bolts, and nuts specified for this type joint and assemble in accordance
with the applicable requirements of AWWA C600 for joint assembly and the recommendations of
Appendix A to AWWA C111.
NOTE: At the text below, delete the paragraph except when required. See the
NAVFACENGCOM Design Manual on Water Supply Systems for guidance. See Foreword
to AWWA C105 for guidance on selecting Class of polyethylene film.
b. Exterior protection: Completely encase buried ductile iron pipelines with polyethylene
tube or sheet in accordance with AWWA C105, using [Class A] [Class C] polyethylene film.
3.1.2.6 Installation of Ductile-Iron Pressure Lines
Unless otherwise specified, install pipe and fittings in accordance with paragraph entitled "General Requirements
for Installation of Pipelines" of this section and with the requirements of AWWA C600 for pipe installation,
joint assembly, and valve-and-fitting installation.
a. [Make push-on joints with the gaskets and lubricant specified for this type joint and assemble
in accordance with the applicable requirements of AWWA C600 for joint assembly.] Make mechanical-joints
with the gaskets, glands, bolts, and nuts specified for this type joint; assemble in accordance
with the applicable requirements of AWWA C600 for joint assembly and the recommendations of
Appendix A to AWWA C111. [Make flanged joints with gaskets, bolts, and nuts specified for this
type joint. Make flanged joints up tight, taking care to avoid undue strain on flanges, fittings,
and other accessories. Align bolt holes for each flanged joint. Use full size bolts for the
bolt holes; use of undersized bolts to make up for misalignment of bolt holes or for any other
purpose will not be permitted. Do not allow adjoining flange faces to be out of parallel to
such degree that the flanged joint cannot be made watertight without overstraining the flange.
When flanged pipe or fittings have dimensions that do not allow the making of a proper flanged
joint as specified, replace it by one of proper dimensions.] [Assemble joints made with sleeve-type
mechanical couplings in accordance with the recommendations of the coupling manufacturer, as
approved.] [Make [grooved] [and] [shouldered] type joints with the couplings previously specified
for this type joint connecting pipe with the [grooved] [or] [shouldered] ends specified for
this type joint and assemble in accordance with the recommendations of the coupling manufacturer,
as approved. [Groove pipe in the field only with approved groove cutting equipment designed
especially for the purpose and produced by a manufacturer of grooved joint couplings; secure
approval for field-cut grooves before assembling the joint.]]
NOTE: Delete the text below except when required. See the NAVFACENGCOM Design
Manual on Water Supply Systems for guidance. See Foreword to AWWA C105 for
guidance on selecting Class of polyethylene film.
b. Exterior protection: Completely encase buried ductile iron pipelines with polyethylene
tube or sheet in accordance with AWWA C105, using [Class A] [Class C] polyethylene film.
c. Pipe anchorage: Provide concrete thrust blocks (reaction backing) for pipe anchorage.
Size and position thrust blocks as indicated. Use concrete conforming to ASTM C 94/C 94M having
a minimum compressive strength of 13.80 MPa 2,000 psi at 28 days; or use concrete of a mix not
leaner than one part cement, 2 1/2 parts sand, and 5 parts gravel, having the same minimum compressive
strength.
3.1.2.7 Installation of ABS Composite Plastic Piping
Install pipe and fittings in accordance with paragraph entitled "General Requirements for Installation of Pipelines"
of this section and with the recommendations of the plastic pipe manufacturer. Make joints with the primer and
solvent cement specified for this joint and assemble in accordance with the recommendations of the pipe manufacturer.
Handle solvent cement in accordance with ASTM F 402.
3.1.2.8 Installation of ABS Solid-Wall Plastic Piping
Install pipe and fittings in accordance with paragraph entitled "General Requirements for Installation of Pipelines"
of this section and with the recommendations of the plastic pipe manufacturer. Make solvent cement joints with
the solvent cement previously specified for this type joint. Make elastomeric joints with the gaskets specified
for this type joint and assemble in accordance with the recommendations of the pipe manufacturer. Handle solvent
cement in accordance with ASTM F 402.
3.1.2.9 Installation of PVC Plastic Piping
Install pipe and fittings in accordance with paragraph entitled "General Requirements for Installation of Pipelines"
of this section and with the requirements of ASTM D 2321 for laying and joining pipe and fittings. Make joints
with the gaskets specified for joints with this piping and assemble in accordance with the requirements of ASTM D 2321
for assembly of joints. Make joints to other pipe materials in accordance with the recommendations of the plastic
pipe manufacturer.
3.1.2.10 Installation of PVC Plastic Pressure Pipe and Fittings
Unless otherwise specified, install pipe and fittings in accordance with paragraph entitled "General Requirements
for Installation of Pipelines" of this section; with the requirements of AWWA C605 for laying of pipe, joining
PVC pipe to fittings and accessories, and setting of hydrants, valves, and fittings; and with the recommendations
for pipe joint assembly and appurtenance installation in AWWA M23, Chapter 7, "Installation."
a. Pipe Less Than 100 mm 4 Inch Diameter:
(1) Threaded joints shall be made by wrapping the male threads with joint tape or by applying
an approved thread lubricant, then threading the joining members together. The joints shall
be tightened with strap wrenches which will not damage the pipe and fittings. The joint shall
be tightened no more than 2 threads past hand-tight.
(2) Push-On Joints: The ends of pipe for push-on joints shall be beveled to facilitate assembly.
Pipe shall be marked to indicate when the pipe is fully seated. The gasket shall be lubricated
to prevent displacement. Care shall be exercised to ensure that the gasket remains in proper
position in the bell or coupling while making the joint.
(3) Solvent-weld joints shall comply with the manufacturer's instructions.
b. Pipe 100 mm 4 Inch Diameter Joints: Make push-on joints with the elastomeric gaskets specified
for this type joint, using either elastomeric-gasket bell-end pipe or elastomeric-gasket couplings.
For pipe-to-pipe push-on joint connections, use only pipe with push-on joint ends having factory-made
bevel; for push-on joint connections to fittings, cut spigot end of pipe off square and re-bevel
pipe end to a bevel approximately the same as that on ductile-iron pipe used for the same type
of joint. Use an approved lubricant recommended by the pipe manufacturer for push-on joints.
Assemble push-on joints for pipe-to-pipe joint connections in accordance with the requirements
of AWWA C605 for laying the pipe and the recommendations in AWWA M23, Chapter 7, "Installation,"
for pipe joint assembly. Assemble push-on joints for connection to fittings in accordance with
the requirements of AWWA C605 for joining PVC pipe to fittings and accessories and with the
applicable requirements of AWWA C600 for joint assembly. Make compression-type joints/mechanical-joints
with the gaskets, glands, bolts, nuts, and internal stiffeners specified for this type joint
and assemble in accordance with the requirements of AWWA C605 for joining PVC pipe to fittings
and accessories, with the applicable requirements of AWWA C600 for joint assembly, and with
the recommendations of Appendix A to AWWA C111. Cut off spigot end of pipe for compression-type
joint/mechanical-joint connections and do not re-bevel.
c. Pipe anchorage: Provide concrete thrust blocks (reaction backing) for pipe anchorage.
Size and position thrust blocks as indicated. Use concrete conforming to ASTM C 94/C 94M having
a minimum compressive strength of 13.80 MPa 2,000 psi at 28 days; or use concrete of a mix not
leaner than one part cement, 2 1/2 parts sand, and 5 parts gravel, having the same minimum compressive
strength.
3.1.2.11 Pipeline Installation Beneath Railroad Right-of-Way
Where pipeline passes under the right-of-way of a commercial railroad, install piping in accordance with the
specifications for pipelines conveying nonflammable substances in AREMA 1-5.
3.1.3 Concrete Work
NOTE: Delete these paragraphs if not used or insert applicable concrete requirements
here.
3.1.4 Manhole Construction
Construct base slab of cast-in-place concrete or use precast concrete base sections. Make inverts in cast-in-place
concrete and precast concrete bases with a smooth-surfaced semi-circular bottom conforming to the inside contour
of the adjacent sewer sections. For changes in direction of the sewer and entering branches into the manhole,
make a circular curve in the manhole invert of as large a radius as manhole size will permit. For cast-in-place
concrete construction, either pour bottom slabs and walls integrally or key and bond walls to bottom slab. No
parging will be permitted on interior manhole walls. For precast concrete construction, make joints between
manhole sections with the gaskets specified for this purpose; install in the manner specified for installing
joints in concrete piping. Parging will not be required for precast concrete manholes. Cast-in-place concrete
work shall be in accordance with the requirements specified under paragraph entitled "Concrete Work" of this
section. Make joints between concrete manholes and pipes entering manholes with the resilient connectors specified
for this purpose; install in accordance with the recommendations of the connector manufacturer. Where a new
manhole is constructed on an existing line, remove existing pipe as necessary to construct the manhole. Cut
existing pipe so that pipe ends are approximately flush with the interior face of manhole wall, but not protruding
into the manhole. Use resilient connectors as previously specified for pipe connectors to concrete manholes.
3.1.5 Miscellaneous Construction and Installation
3.1.5.1 Connecting to Existing Manholes
Pipe connections to existing manholes shall be made so that finish work will conform as nearly as practicable
to the applicable requirements specified for new manholes, including all necessary concrete work, cutting, and
shaping. The connection shall be centered on the manhole. Holes for the new pipe shall be of sufficient diameter
to allow packing cement mortar around the entire periphery of the pipe but no larger than 1.5 times the diameter
of the pipe. Cutting the manhole shall be done in a manner that will cause the least damage to the walls.
3.1.5.2 Metal Work
a. Workmanship and finish: Perform metal work so that workmanship and finish will be equal
to the best practice in modern structural shops and foundries. Form iron to shape and size
with sharp lines and angles. Do shearing and punching so that clean true lines and surfaces
are produced. Make castings sound and free from warp, cold shuts, and blow holes that may impair
their strength or appearance. Give exposed surfaces a smooth finish with sharp well-defined
lines and arises. Provide necessary rabbets, lugs, and brackets wherever necessary for fitting
and support.
NOTE: Delete the text below when painting of cast iron items is not in accordance
with local station practice.
b. Field painting: After installation, clean cast-iron frames, covers, gratings, and steps
not buried in concrete to bare metal of mortar, rust, grease, dirt, and other deleterious materials
and apply a coat of bituminous paint. Do not paint surfaces subject to abrasion.
3.1.6 Sewage Absorption Trench Construction
Grade pipe lines uniformly downward to the outlet. Lay perforated pipe with the perforations downward. Lay
drain tile with 6 mm 1/4 inch open joints. Cover open joints of drain tile with the cover material specified
so that it extends not less than 1.75 rad 100 degrees on each side of the vertical center line of the tile.
Wire covering in place.
3.1.7 Installations of Wye Branches
Cutting into piping for connections shall not be done except in special approved cases. When the connecting
pipe cannot be adequately supported on undisturbed earth or tamped backfill, the pipe shall be encased in concrete
backfill or supported on a concrete cradle as directed. Concrete required because of conditions resulting from
faulty construction methods or negligence by the Contractor shall be installed at no additional cost to the Government.
The installation of wye branches in an existing sewer shall be made by a method which does not damage the integrity
of the existing sewer. One acceptable method consists of removing one pipe section, breaking off the upper half
of the bell of the next lower section and half of the running bell of wye section. After placing the new section,
it shall be rotated so that the broken half of the bell will be at the bottom. The two joints shall then be
made with joint packing and cement mortar.
3.2 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL
3.2.1 Field Tests and Inspections
The Contracting Officer will conduct field inspections and witness field tests specified in this section. The
Contractor shall perform field tests and provide labor, equipment, and incidentals required for testing[, except
that water and electric power needed for field tests will be furnished as set forth in Section [_____]]. Be
able to produce evidence, when required, that each item of work has been constructed in accordance with the drawings
and specifications.
3.2.2 Tests for Nonpressure Lines
Check each straight run of pipeline for gross deficiencies by holding a light in a manhole; it shall show a practically
full circle of light through the pipeline when viewed from the adjoining end of line. When pressure piping is
used in a nonpressure line for nonpressure use, test this piping as specified for nonpressure pipe.
3.2.2.1 Leakage Tests
Test lines for leakage by either infiltration tests or exfiltration tests, or by low-pressure air tests. Prior
to testing for leakage, backfill trench up to at least lower half of pipe. When necessary to prevent pipeline
movement during testing, place additional backfill around pipe sufficient to prevent movement, but leaving joints
uncovered to permit inspection. When leakage or pressure drop exceeds the allowable amount specified, make satisfactory
correction and retest pipeline section in the same manner. Correct visible leaks regardless of leakage test
results.
a. Infiltration tests and exfiltration tests: Perform these tests for sewer lines made of
the specified materials, not only concrete, in accordance withASTM C 969MASTM C 969. Make
calculations in accordance with the Appendix toASTM C 969MASTM C 969.
b. Low-pressure air tests: Perform tests as follows:
(1) Clay pipelines: Test in accordance with ASTM C 828. Allowable pressure drop shall be
as given in ASTM C 828. Make calculations in accordance with the Appendix to ASTM C 828.
(2) Concrete pipelines: Test in accordance withASTM C 924MASTM C 924. Allowable pressure
drop shall be as given inASTM C 924MASTM C 924. Make calculations in accordance with the
Appendix toASTM C 924MASTM C 924.
(3) Ductile-iron pipelines: Test in accordance with the applicable requirements ofASTM C 924MASTM C 924. Allowable pressure drop shall be as given inASTM C 924MASTM C 924. Make calculations
in accordance with the Appendix toASTM C 924MASTM C 924.
(4) ABS composite plastic pipelines: Test in accordance with the applicable requirements of
UBPPA UNI-B-6. Allowable pressure drop shall be as given in UBPPA UNI-B-6. Make calculations
in accordance with the Appendix to UBPPA UNI-B-6.
(5) PVC plastic pipelines: Test in accordance with UBPPA UNI-B-6. Allowable pressure drop
shall be as given in UBPPA UNI-B-6. Make calculations in accordance with the Appendix to UBPPA UNI-B-6
.
3.2.2.2 Deflection Testing
NOTE: Specify deflection testing only when warranted by scope or size of project.
Perform a deflection test on entire length of installed plastic pipeline on completion of work adjacent to and
over the pipeline, including leakage tests, backfilling, placement of fill, grading, paving, concreting, and
any other superimposed loads determined in accordance with ASTM D 2412. Deflection of pipe in the installed
pipeline under external loads shall not exceed 4.5 percent of the average inside diameter of pipe. Determine
whether the allowable deflection has been exceeded by use of a pull-through device or a deflection measuring
device.
a. Pull-through device: This device shall be a spherical, spheroidal, or elliptical ball,
a cylinder, or circular sections fused to a common shaft. Circular sections shall be so spaced
on the shaft that distance from external faces of front and back sections will equal or exceed
diameter of the circular section. Pull-through device may also be of a design promulgated by
the Uni-Bell Plastic Pipe Association, provided the device meets the applicable requirements
specified in this paragraph, including those for diameter of the device, and that the mandrel
has a minimum of 9 arms. Ball, cylinder, or circular sections shall conform to the following:
(1) A diameter, or minor diameter as applicable, of 95 percent of the average inside diameter
of the pipe; tolerance of plus 0.5 percent will be permitted.
(2) Homogeneous material throughout, shall have a density greater than 1.0 as related to water
at 4 degrees C 39.2 degrees F, and shall have a surface Brinell hardness of not less than 150.
(3) Center bored and through-bolted with a 6 mm 1/4 inch minimum diameter steel shaft having
a yield strength of not less than 483 MPa 70,000 psi, with eyes or loops at each end for attaching
pulling cables.
(4) Each eye or loop shall be suitably backed with a flange or heavy washer such that a pull
exerted on opposite end of shaft will produce compression throughout remote end.
b. Deflection measuring device: Sensitive to 1.0 percent of the diameter of the pipe being
tested and shall be accurate to 1.0 percent of the indicated dimension. Deflection measuring
device shall be approved prior to use.
c. Pull-through device procedure: Pass the pull-through device through each run of pipe, either
by pulling it through or flushing it through with water. If the device fails to pass freely
through a pipe run, replace pipe which has the excessive deflection and completely retest in
same manner and under same conditions.
d. Deflection measuring device procedure: Measure deflections through each run of installed
pipe. If deflection readings in excess of 4.5 percent of average inside diameter of pipe are
obtained, retest pipe by a run from the opposite direction. If retest continues to show a deflection
in excess of 4.5 percent of average inside diameter of pipe, replace pipe which has excessive
deflection and completely retest in same manner and under same conditions.
3.2.3 Tests for Pressure Lines
Test pressure lines in accordance with the applicable standard specified in this paragraph, except for test pressures.
For hydrostatic pressure test, use a hydrostatic pressure 345 kPa 50 psi in excess of the maximum working pressure
of the system, but not less than 690 kPa 100 psi, holding the pressure for a period of not less than one hour.
For leakage test, use a hydrostatic pressure not less than the maximum working pressure of the system. Leakage
test may be performed at the same time and at the same test pressure as the pressure test. [Test ductile-iron
pressure lines in accordance with the requirements of AWWA C600 for hydrostatic testing. Leakage on ductile-iron
pipelines with mechanical-joints [or push-on joints] shall not exceed the amounts given in AWWA C600; allow no
leakage at joints made by other methods.] [Test concrete pressure lines in accordance with the recommendations
in AWWA M9, Chapter 10, "Hydrostatic Testing and Disinfection of Mains." Leakage on concrete pipelines shall
not exceed 1.88 L/24 hours per mm of pipe diameter per kilometer 20 gallons per 24 hours per inch of pipe diameter
per mile of pipeline.] [Test PVC plastic pressure lines in accordance with the requirements of AWWA C605 for
pressure and leakage tests, using the allowable leakage given therein.]
3.2.4 Field Tests for Concrete
NOTE: Delete this paragraph if not used or insert applicable concrete requirements
here.
Field testing requirements are covered in Section [_____]
-- End of Section --