FEBRUARY, 1905. MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW. 49
reached the year previous. The atmospheric precipitation in
both basins, particularly the snowfall, was below the average.
Passing now to the high water of 1904, it may be remarked
that the atmospheric conditions of the winter of 1903-4 and
during the spring of 1904 were such as would conspire to pro-
duce high water on the Great Lakes.
The winter of 1903-4 was characterized by severe ancl con-
tinuous cold weather and heavy snow. The latter blanketed
practically the whole of the several watersheds and increased
in depth as the winter progressed, since there was practically
no loss except by evaporation. The snowfall was very heavy
in the Lake Huron basin, especially on the higher lands of
Ontario, immediately east of Lake Huron. This district was
covered in December by a snow covering that probably aver-
aged four feet in depth. In January and February, owing to the
absence of thaws, the thickness of the snow covering increased.
At the end of February, 1904, the entire Lake region, save the
extreme southern portion, was covered by snow, the depth
ranging from 5 to 60 inches. In March, although the weather
in the southern portion of the Lake region moderatecl sonie-
what, cold, stormy weather, with considerable snow, continuecl
in Canadian districts and in northern Wisconsin and northern
Michigan. At the close of that month there mere from 24 to
30 inches of snow on the ground in Muskoka and Nipissing
districts. In southern Ontario, while the remains of drifts
were still to be seen, the snow had practically disappeared.
On the United States side, except in northern Michigan ancl
northern Wisconsin, there was no snow on the ground.
I n April the weather on the C’anaclim side was exceedingly
cold and wet; the temperatures went well aboie the freezing
point in the daytime, but the night temperatiires were low
enough to cauee frost or freezing, especially in northern dis-
tricts. The ice in the streams of southern and central Ontario
broke up about the first of the month; in the Lake Superior
watershed and north of Georgian Bay there was very little
thawing until near the close of the month.
The stage of water on all of the lakes during the season of
navigation just closed mas higher than has been esperienced
for a number of years, the single exception being Lake Snpe-
rior, which was not quite so high as in 1899, 1900, or 1903.
The greatest rise, as compared with 1903 stages, occurred on
Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Ontario. The last named for
July, 1904, was three and one-half feet above the stage for the
corresponding month of 1895, and both Lakes Huron and
Michigan were considerably more than a foot above the July
stages of that year.
More water came into the lakes, except possibly Superior,
this year than for a number of years previous. The rise in
Michigan from March to April was a little less than six inches;
on Huron a little more than sis inches; on Erie about thirleen
inches, while on Ontario it was a little over fifteen inches.
These figures, however, because of the varying size of the lakes,
give no idea of the actual amount of water that flowed into the
respective lakes. Remeinbering that a sheet of water an inch
in thickness weighs 72,516 tons (of 2000 pouncls each) per
square mile, me can easily reduce the inflow of the several
lakes to a convenient unit of comparison. Selecting a cubic
mile of water as such unit and reducing the increase in level
from March to April to terms of that unit, we find that the
increase in the level of Lake Huron, roughly speaking, amounted
to 2.2 cubic miles of water; Lake Michigan, 1.9; Lake Huron,
2.1; Lake Ontario, 1.9. For the period of replenishment the
inflow into Lake Superior was approximately 6.6 cubic miles;
Michigan, 5.4; Huron, 6.7; Erie, 2.7, and Ontario, 3.5.
I n the opinion of the writer, based on the meteorological
conditions that have prevailed during the winter just closed,
the outlook for the coining season of navigation is not favor-
able to a continuation of the high water of 1904, although the
season will probably rank as one of relatively high water,
7-2
especially on the upper lakes. The difference between the
levels of 1904 and 1905, duo to atmospheric conditions, will
naturally be most pronounced on Lakes Erie and Ontario
where they may amount to half a foot or more.
RECENT PAPERS BEARING ON METEOROLOGY.
Mr. H. H. KIMBALL. Librarian and Climatologist.
The subjoined titles have been selected from the contents
of the periodicals and serials recently received in the Library
of the Weather Bureau. The titles selected are of papers or
other communications bearing on meteorology or cognate
branches of science. This is not a complete index of the
meteorological contents of all the journals from which it has
been compiled; i t shows only the articles that appear to the
compiler likely to be of particular interest in connection with
the work of the Weather Bureau. Unsigned articles are indi-
cated by a -
Anierican Jori)wtl of Si-ience. X e w Haven. 4 series. Vol. 13.
8. P. Langley.] PI’. 34ti-248.
Astrophysical Journul. Chicago. Vol. ?I.
disturbances. Pp. 101-115.
Mount Wilson, California. Pp. 124-15U.
of Washington. Pp. 151-178.
Geographical Journal. London. Vol. 2.5.
- Possible variation in solar radiation. [Extract from report of
Maunder, E. Walter The solar origin OP terrestrial magnetic
Hale, George E. A study of the conditions for solar research at
Hale, George E. The solar observatory of the Carnegie Institution
Crostwait, H. L. A journey to Lake Sail Martin, Patagonia. Pp.
Herbertson, A. J. The major natural regions: an essay in system-
__ Magnetic storms and sun spots. [Note on work of E. W. Maun-
Shackleton, W. The coming total eclipse. Pp. 45-47.
__ Radium, the cause of the earth’s heat.
2x6-291.
atic geography. [C’limate.] Pp. 3Oe30I;.
Joitr)iul of the Frunklin Ztrufifute. Philndelphit-c. Vol. 53.
der.] P. 216.
Knowledge. London. New Series. Vol. 2.
[Note on article of E.
Rutherford.] P. 61.
On the influence of the time factor
on the correlation between the barometric heights at stations more
than 1OOU miles apart. Pp. 403-413.
Quarterly Joiwnad of the Royal Meteorological Soritty. London. Vol. SI.
Boyds, Charles W. R. Meteorological observing in the Antarctic
Procetdings of the Royal Society. London. Vol. 74.
Cave-Browne-Cave, F. E.
regions. Pp. 1-14.
Brodie, Frederick J. Decrease of fog in London during recent
years. Pp. 15-38.
__ Discussioii of meteorological observations in relation to solar
phenomena. P. 38.
Holmes, R. L Hurricane in Fiji, ,January 21-22.1904. Pp. 29-38.
Thomas, J. Lynn. Twu cases of lightning-stroke, July 17, 1903.
__ A legal decision as to claniage Ly lightning and wind. Pp. 6@62.
- Speculation in rain.
Assmann, -. A kite struck by lightning at Hamburg. [Transla- P. 75.
Cox, Henry J. Recent advances in meteorology. PI). 159-167.
Putnam, B. L. (:randfather’s barometer. P. 179.
Eliot, John. Meteorology in the British Empire. Pp. 24373-24374.
Eliot, John. Meteorology in the British Empire. P. 24366.
Clerke, Agnes M. Our solar system. Pp. 24381;-24387.
&tch, A. Lawrence. The teiriperature and drift of the air at
great heights above the American Continent, obtained by meansof
registration balloons. [Preliminary report.] P. 335.
Ward, R. DeC. The teaching of meteorology. [Note on address of Cleveland Abbe.] Py. 336-337.
Ward, R. DeC. Meteorological results of the Blue Hill kite work. [Review of work of H. H. Clayton.]
- The high barometer of January, 1905.
Bonacina, L. C. W. The great problem of meteorology. Pp. 7-10.
Shaw, W. N. - Our rainfall averages.
Eb[ ert, H.]
Pp. 55-60.
P. 62.
tion of note of Assmann.]
School Science nnd bhfheinrtfic~. Chicago. 1-01. 5.
Scientific American. New I’ork. Vol. 3‘0.
ScientajEc Anierirun Sitpplen~ent. New I-ork. Vol. 69.
Science. Nclu I’ork. Vol. 21.
Pp. 433-435.
Symoiw’s Meteorological Magazine. London. Vol. 40. Pp. 2-6.
Autumn rainfall and yield of wheat. Pp. 10-12.
Pp. 14-15.
Srience Ahstritrts. London. 1’01. 29.
Luftelektrische Messlingen bei zwei Ballonfahrten.
[Abstract of work of H. Gordien.] Pp. 208-209.
60 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW. FEBRUARY, 1905
La Nature. Paris. S S m ann&. R., L. R. Un nouvel observatoire d’astronomie physique. Pp.
161-162.
Viret, L. La bise du lor RU 3 janvier 1905. Pp. 175-176.
Rudaux, Lucien. La grande tache solaire. P. 208.
Rudaux, Lucien. Le rent et les arbres. Pp. 313-513.
Arctowski, Henryk. La met6orologie des regions antarctiilues
e t la coop6ratiain internationale danr les explorations polaires.
Pp. 581-585.
Ciel d Tme.. Brwllee. 25me annie.
Compte8 h d u e de 1’Acade‘mie de8 Scienwa. Pam. Tome 140.
Violle, J. Sur l’action des canons paragrkles. PI). 342-343.
Fbry, Ch. Thermomhtre int6grateur. Pp. 367-368.
Guillaume, J. Observations du soleil faites B l’observatoire dc
Lyon (Bquatorial Brunner de U’“, 16) pendant le quatriPme tri-
mestre de 1904. Pp. 420-422.
Nordmann, Charles. Enregistreur i Bcoulement licliiiile de I’ionisation atmosph6rique. Pp. 422-4‘25.
Archawe8 &a Scieracee Plbyaipwa et Naturelles. Genhze. 4 Phiode. Tome 19.
Rutherford, E. Les probhmes avtuels de la radioactivit;. Pp.
Gockel, A. Sur 1’6manation radioactive de l’atmosphbre. Pp.
Annalen dtr Hydrogrnphie und Maritimen Meteorologie. Berlin. S.9 Johrgang.
Bebber, W. J. van. Bemerkenswerte Stilrme. Pp. 69-55.
Mailer, Johannes. Beobachtungen von Ddmmeruug gen, angestellt alii See.
Liitgens, -. Einfluss des Windes aiif die Dichte und die Bewegnng des Meerwassers. [Abstract of work of 6. W. Sandstr6ni.l Pp.
82-84.
Dadourian, H. M. Die Radioaktiritat der Bodenluft. P ~I . Wi 101
Rebenstorf, H. Ueber das Verhalten der Schwefelsdure hei rlei
- Luftelektrizitit, Eigenladung der Erde und Aktix itdt der freien
- Drarhenaufstiege auf dem Bodensee.
- Die Diimmerungsersclieinungen der Jahre 1903 untl 19(14. [Re-
- Die Liiftschiff~hrt arif der Weltausstelluny in St. Louis 19ti4.
E. Die Tatipkeit des arronautischen Observatnriiims des ligl.
meteorologiwhen Instituts im Jahre 1904.
Gwgraphieche Zeituchrift. Leipzig. 11 Jahrgnng.
Schluter, Otto. Das ij,terreichisch-ungarische Okkupationsgeliiet
und sein Kiistenland. Eine geographische Skizze. 111. Das Iilima. Pp. 99-103.
Hiinmel und Erde. Berlin. 17 Jnhryang.
Lendenfeld, Robert von. Ueber die Ursachen der W‘ristenbildung.
Axmann, -. Phybiolngie des TVrtters. Pp. 219-234.
Daa Wetter. Berlin. 22 Jahrgang.
Kassner, E. Der Globus in der Meteorologie. Pp. 85 34.
Sieberg, August. Erdbeben und Witterung. Eine Studie uber
Hennig, R. Sturmfluten der Ostsee. Pp. 34-36.
Lancaster, A. Der grosse Hitze und Trockenheit im .Juli 10114.
Schwenck, Otto. Das Verhalten der Gewitterh;ien beim Pwsieren
- Meteorolngische Station zu Liidenscheid.
Gallenkamp, W. Ueber den Verlauf des Regens. Pp. 1-10,
Sealay, L. v. Ueber die Empfincllichkeit der Gewittrrapparate. Pp. 10-82.
Quervain, A. de. Bericht iiber die IV. Konferenz tler inter- nationalen Kummission fiir wissenschaftliche Luftschiffahrt in St.
Petersburg. Pp. 26-26.
Wundt, W. Ueher die Superposition von Zgklonen. Pp. 26-87.
Johansson, Oscar V. Zur Definition des Rauhfrostes und Glst- teises. Pp. 27-29.
Hann, J. Geniiherte Berechnung des jiihrlirhen Ganges der Tem-
peratiir aus den Mitteln der Jahreszeiten.
Ham, J. Regenfall zu Greenwich 1815-1903. Pp. 30-33.
- Resultate der meteorologiwhen Beobachtungen arif dell1 Ben
Nevis uncl zu Fort William im Jahre 1903.
- Ergebnisse der meteorologischen Beobachtungen im Jahre 1903
in Manila. P. 33.
- Meteorologische Beobachtungen zu Tanger, Marolrko, 1899-190,
unci auf Neu-Kaledonien 1851-1901.
- Magnetische Elemente fiir Potsdani.
- Niedeischlagsmengen in Transraal.
- Regenmessungen auf den Pidschi-Inseln.
- Ergebnisse der meteorologischen Beohachtunpen zu Ancud,
125-150.
151-158.
Pp. 55-58.
Phyeikalieche Zezlsehrift. Leipig. 6 Jahrgnng.
Bildung von Nebeln.
Gaea. Lei@. 140 Jahrgang.
Luft. Pp. 135-136.
view of work of W. Labka.]
Pp. 101 -107.
Pp. 136-140.
I’p. 179-150.
Illwtrirte Aeronnutische Mtteilimngm. Straaaburg. Q Jahrgnng.
11. Pp.3%39.
Pp. 4041.
tellurische Dynamik. Pp. 35-34.
Pp. 38-41.
von Flussldufen in der kalten TRges und dahreszeit. Pp. $2-43.
Pp. 43-45. dieteorologi8ch.e Zeeitachrifi. Wien. Band 21.
Pp. 29-30.
Pp. 32-33.
P. 33.
P. 34.
P. 34.
P. 34-35.
1900 bis 1902. P. 35.
Hann. J. Zum Iiilma von ?JiederlBndiscli-Ostinrlien. Pp. 35-36.
__ Meteorologische Beobachtungen zu Pasuruan in Ostjava. Pp.
~
Jcihrliche Periode der Erdbeben im indisclien Archipel. P. 39.
- Resultate der meteorologischen Brobachtungen an der Riiste
des franzijsisrhrn Kongnstaates, 1899-1901.
Hann, J. Regenfall in Montpellier in der Periotle 1873-1903. Pp.
4 w 4 1.
Hann, J. Bodentemperator zu Harestock und Southliort. Pp. 61-45.
~
Polis tiher den tcigl. (’Tangcler Teniperaturza Aavhen an heiteren
und trriben Tagen und die btilndliche Anderuug der Temperatur.
- Gewittrr in DAuemark. P. 43.
Wolfer, A. Provisorisvhr Sonnenflecken-RelativzHhlen. P. 43.
__ Kliiua von rJerusalrm.
Nell, Chr. A. C. De wrrrroorsprlliiig met behulli van lomle
Mars, S. De algeinrenr: circulatievan ilen Damliliring. Yp. 151-157.
Berthoud, Paul. M6teorl)loXie (le Lourenco Marques. Pp. 39&
Duner, N. C. Sulla rotazione del vile. P. 13.
Birkeland, Kr. Recherches +iir les tache- du soleil et leurorigine.
37-39.
Pp. 39-40.
Pp. 42-43.
P. 43.
Hcmel en Dnmplsring. Amst.rdam. 2 Jlthrgang.
waaruemingen. PI’. 147-151.
Boletim da Societlaile de Beographicm de LiRboa. Liaboa. 22 1904.
bfemorie delln Societn degli Spettroacopirrri Itrrlicini. Cntanict. Vol 3.3.
391; x3H-439.
Pp. 14-18.
RECENT ADDITIONS TO TRE WEATHER BUREAU LIBRARY.
By hfr. H. H. KInIBaLL, Librarian.
The following titles have been selected froin among the books
recently received, as representing those inost likely to be useful
to Weether Bureau officials in their meteorological work and
studies. Most of them can be loaned for a limited time to
officials and employees mho make applicntion for them.
Angstrom, Knut. Inteneile de la iadiation solaire a diffbrentes altitiides. Recherches faites a TOn6riffe 1895 et 1836. (Nova acta soc.
sc., Upsala. Ser. 3, Vol. 20, Fasc. 1, 19U1.) 46 pp.
Baden. Zentralbureau fur Meteorologie und Hydrographie. Nieclerschlassbeoliaclitunjien der meteorologischen Stationen im Gross- herzogtiim Baden, Jahrgang 1904. 2. Hallijnhr. 25 pp.
Bates, Henry Walter. The naturalist on the river Amazon. Isxxis,
389 pp.
Buti, Giuseppe. Scritti di fisica e meteorologia. 290 pp.
Christoni, Ciro. Contribute del Leslie e del Belli agli studj attino-
nietrici. (Estratto dagli Atti della Societl dei Naturalisti e Matematici di
Moclena. Serie IV. Vol. 111. Anno XSXIV. Modena, 1899.) Pp. 83-94.
Le formole ili Bouger per il calcola degli spessori atmosferici e della
trasparenza dell’atmosfera. (Estratto rlagli Atti della Societi dei Natu-
ralisti de Modena. Serie 111. Vol. XVI. Anno SSSI. Modena, 1899. i
Pp. 165-187.
La fotometria e la pirornetria del Lambert rispetto agli studi attino-
metrici. (Eqtratto dagli Atti della SocietB ilei Naturalisti e Matematici
di Modena. Serie IV. Vol. I . Anno SSSII. Modena, 1899.) Pp. 66-88.
Herschel iaohni ed il metodo clinamico nelle misure attinometriche.
(Estratto dalle Memorie della Societ,?, degli Spettroscopisti Italiaui. Vol.
Osservazioni meteorologiche fatte negli aniii 1R99 e 1900 sll’Osserva-
tnrio Geofisico della R. Universith di Modena calcolate dall’Ing. Angelo
Manzini. 109 pp.
Parafulniini del R. Osservatorio meteornlogico di Sestola. (Pubblica-
zioni del R. Osservstorio Geoflsicn cli Modena. No. 16.) 12 pp.
Ricerche sperimentali SUI coefficiente di induzlone dei magneti. 21 pp. De Saussure e l’attinometria. (Estratto dagli Atti della SocietB dei
Pr’aturalisti e Maternatici di Modena. Serie IV. Vol. 111. Anno XSXIV.
Modena. 1901.) 12 pp.
Sulla legge del raffreddamento cli Newton e sulla determinazione della
teniperatura del sole attribuita a1 Newton. (Estratto dalle Memorie
della SocietB degli Spettroscopisti Italisni.) Vnl. 29, 1901.) 5. pp.
Dobrowolski, A. Expedition Antarcticque Belge. RBsultats ctu voyage du 8. T. Belgica en 1897-1898-1899 sow le conimandement de 8.
de Gerlache de Gomery. Rapports scientifiques publies aus h i s du gnurernnient Belge, 6011s la direction de la Commission de la Belgica.
MBtkorologie. La neige e t le givre. 78 pp.
Dubinski, V. Magnetic storm on October 31-November 1. 1903, ac- cording to the investigations of the Constantine Observatory in Palovsk.
(Reprint from Proceedings of the Imperial Academy of Sciences. Tome S X , No. 2. February, 19M) Pp. 67-76.
Gautier, R. Resume niPt6orologique de l’ann6e 1902 pour Geuhve
e t le Grand Saint-Bernard. (Tire des archives des sciences de la biblio- thBque univeraelle. Norenibre e t dkcembre 1903. ) 108 pp.
Hann, Julius. Lehrbuch cler Meteorologie. Lieferung I. Zweite, umgearbeitete duflage. 96 pp.
Harvard College Astronomical Observatory. Annals of the
30, 1901.) 9 pp.