Clearing shall consist of the removal and satisfactory disposal of all [above ground and below ground ]trees, downed timber, snags, slash, brush, garbage, trash, debris, fencing, and other items occurring in the designated areas to be cleared.

Grubbing shall consist of the removal and satisfactory disposal of stumps, roots larger than [_____] mm inches in diameter, and matted roots from the designated grubbing areas. Grubbing also includes filling of holes from the grubbing operation.

Stripping shall consist of the removal and satisfactory disposal of crops, weeds, grass, and other vegetative materials to the ground surface[ and topsoil to a depth of [_____] mm inches].

Unsatisfactory materials shall not be used in any levee or other required fill. Unsatisfactory materials includes all other materials that are not defined above as satisfactory materials.

The terms "levee" or "embankment" as used in these specifications are defined as the earth [and rock ]fill portions of the levee structure or other fills related to the levee structure, including [cut-off trench] and includes all types of earth fill [and filter materials ]for the levee [and cut-off trench,] and all other fills within the limits of the levee [, excepting those stone and filter materials used for slope protection, which are described in paragraph [_____]].

Backfill as used in this section is defined as that fill material which cannot be placed around or adjacent to a structure until the structure is completed or until a specified time interval has elapsed after completion.

Excavation shall consist of removal of material to the lines and grades shown on the drawings, or as otherwise directed or approved by the Contracting Officer and as described in paragraph [_____] EXCAVATION in PART 3 EXECUTION.

Materials used to construct the embankments and for backfills shall be classified in accordance with ASTM D 2487 (Unified Soil Classification System). Cohesionless materials shall include materials classified in ASTM D 2487 as GW, GP, SW, and SP. Cohesive materials include materials classified as GC, SC, ML, CL, MH, and CH. Materials classified as GM and SM will be identified as cohesionless only when the fines are nonplastic.

Degree of compaction shall be expressed as a percentage of the maximum density obtained by the test procedure presented in [ASTM D 698] [ASTM D 1557], abbreviated hereinafter as percent laboratory maximum density.

Degree of compaction shall be expressed as a percentage of the relative density in accordance with ASTM D 4253 and ASTM D 4254.

Payment will be made for clearing, grubbing and stripping at the contract [lump sum] [unit price] for clearing, grubbing and stripping. This price shall constitute full compensation for all equipment, labor, materials and incidentals necessary to complete the work specified herein. Payment for refilling of holes resulting from grubbing [and removal or plugging of existing drainage structures] will be included in the contract [lump sum] [unit price] for clearing, grubbing and stripping. No separate or direct payment will be made for stockpiling and disposition of stripped materials. All costs in connection therewith will be considered as a subsidiary obligation of the Contractor. If regrowth of vegetation or trees occurs after clearing and grubbing and before placement of embankment, and the Contractor is required to clear and grub again prior to embankment construction, no payment will be made for this additional clearing and grubbing.

[Clearing, grubbing, stripping, stockpiling and the disposition of the materials from these operations[ and plugging or removal of existing drainage structures] will not be measured for payment.] Refilling of grubbing holes will not be measured for payment.]

Unit of measure: [lump sum] [unit price].

[No separate measurement or payment will be made for Excavation. All costs in connection with excavation will be considered a subsidiary obligation of the Contractor.]

Payment will be made for Excavation at the contract unit price which includes full compensation for all equipment, labor, materials, and incidentals necessary to complete the work specified. No separate payment will be made for stockpiling.]

Excavation will be measured for payment by use of the average end area method. The basis of measurement will be a survey of the area prior to the excavation[ and clearing and grubbing] and a second survey of the same area after the completion of the excavation. For areas where lines and grades are shown on the drawings, measurement will be limited to those lines and grades. Slides caused by fault of the Contractor, over excavation, and excavation performed for the convenience of the Contractor shall not be measured for payment.]

Unit of measure: cubic meters yards.]

Payment will be made for material placed as required in embankments, backfills and ramps, and including additional material placed by reason of foundation settlement and by reason of soft material in the foundation being forced outward from the section during construction, for [Embankment Material Type [____],] [Semicompacted Fill] [Uncompacted Fill] [Hydraulic Fill]. Payment shall constitute full compensation for furnishing all plant, labor, equipment and material, [except earth material, ]and performing all operations necessary for foundation preparation and placing and compacting the material [, materials testing,] [and moisture control]. [This payment is in addition to any payment for excavating and transporting of the material as required in paragraph [_____] EXCAVATION.] [ When directed to perform additional rolling for compaction, it will be paid for under the unit price item for additional rolling for compaction.]

          S = h X sm/hm, where

			
                 S = settlement to be computed at a break point;
                 h = specified gross fill height at S;
                 sm = measured or adjusted vertical change at settlement
                      measurement location ;
                 hm = specified gross fill height at settlement
                      measurement location.

Unit of measure: cubic meters yards.

Payment will be made for costs associated with mortar and concrete used in foundation and abutment preparation, which includes full compensation for furnishing all labor, equipment, material, and incidentals, and performing all operations necessary for placement of concrete and mortar for foundation and abutment preparation.

Mortar and concrete used in filling spaces beneath rock overhangs and around protrusions will be measured for payment as the actual volumes of such mortar and concrete in cubic meters yards as determined by field surveys made before and after placement of the mortar and concrete.[ No measurement will be made for the mortar used in filling the open joints and cracks in the rock surface.][ Measurement of mortar or concrete used in filling the open joints and cracks in the rock surface will be made by the square meter yard based on the horizontal projection of the area obtained from a survey performed before application.][ Measurement of mortar or concrete used in filling the open joints and cracks in the rock surface will be the bags of cement used.]

Unit of measure: cubic meters yards.

No separate payment will be made for furnishing, installing, and maintaining settlement gages during embankment construction as specified herein, if used, including measurements required to be made by the Contractor, and shall be at the expense of the Contractor. No separate payment will be made for compaction of fill around and over the settlement gages or for interference with the Contractor's operations resulting from the settlement gage installations.]

No separate payment will be made for core borings performed for measurement of foundation settlement and shall be at the expense of the Contractor.]

The embankment and backfill shall be constructed to the lines, grades, and cross sections indicated on the drawings, unless otherwise directed by the Contracting Officer. The Government reserves the right to increase or decrease the foundation widths and embankment slopes or to make such other changes in the embankment or backfill sections as may be deemed necessary to produce a safe structure. Changes in quantities resulting from such revisions will not constitute justification for change in contract unit prices, except as provided for in the Variations in Estimated Quantities Clause. Increases in height of section, made to compensate for settlement or consolidation of the embankment material subsequent to the completion of the embankment, will not exceed [_____] percent of the height above the foundation at the levee centerline indicated. The end slopes and side slopes of partial fill sections shall not be steeper than [one vertical on [____] horizontal] [, unless otherwise shown on the drawings].

The Contractor shall maintain and protect the embankment and backfill in a satisfactory condition at all times until final completion and acceptance of all work under the Contract.[ If, in the opinion of the Contracting Officer, the hauling equipment causes horizontal shear planes or slicken sides, rutting, quaking, heaving, cracking, or excessive deformation of the embankment or backfill, the Contractor shall limit the type, load, or travel speed of the hauling equipment on the embankment or backfill.] The Contractor may be required to remove, at his own expense, any embankment material placed outside of prescribed slope lines. Any approved embankment or backfill material which is lost in transit or rendered unsuitable after being placed in the embankment or backfill and before final acceptance of the work shall be replaced by the Contractor in a satisfactory manner and no additional payment will be made therefor. The Contractor shall excavate and remove from the embankment or backfill any material which is unsatisfactory and shall also dispose of such material and refill the excavated area as directed, all at no cost to the Government.

Materials for embankment and backfill construction will be obtained from [the borrow sources] [sources provided by the Contractor] [required excavation]. Materials obtained from required excavation which meet or which can be processed to meet the requirements for each embankment material, or any other material required for this project, as specified herein, may be utilized [in the appropriate zone of] [in] the embankment or as backfill. All roots, limbs, and wood fragments shall be removed from embankment materials. Materials containing sod, other organic or perishable material, trash, debris, and frozen materials shall not be used in the embankment. The Contractor shall submit to the Contracting Officer the source or sources from which he intends to obtain materials for embankment construction. If a source is selected other than a commercial quarry or other commercial entity from which earth or rock material will be directly purchased and where the Contractor or his subContractor will perform the borrow excavation, a written statement will be provided to the Contracting Officer indicating permission to utilize the area. It shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to obtain Federal, State, and local permits which may be required for excavation and reclamation of the borrow area. A copy of the plan and procedures to be utilized for reclamation shall be furnished to the Contracting Officer as required in SECTION [_____], paragraph [_____]. The Contracting Officer will require material samples from any proposed borrow source to be submitted as indicated in paragraph Quality Control.

Haul roads shall be located and constructed [as shown on the drawings and] [as] [approved by the Contracting Officer] [within the project boundaries shown on the drawings].[ Prior to the commencement of construction the Contractor shall submit for approval a site plan detailing the location of all haul roads within the project limits.] [ Haul road[s] between the borrow site[s] and the levee embankment shall be located within the limits [shown on the drawings] [approved by the Contracting Officer].] [ The limits of the borrow haul road shall be clearly marked in the field using construction fencing or similar methods approved by the Contracting Officer. Areas on each side of the borrow haul road corridor shall not be disturbed.] Haul roads shall be constructed to maintain the intended traffic, be free draining, and be maintained in good condition throughout the contract period.[ Any haul road which crosses any creek or drainage channel shall be constructed, and maintained by the Contractor so as to not flood either upstream areas by restricting stream flows or flood downstream areas by the release of any stored water in the event that the crossing fails for any cause.] Haul roads constructed during the contract duration shall be removed after work is completed and the impacted area restored to its preconstruction conditions.[ The Contractor shall plow and/or scarify or otherwise loosen all access and haul roads other than existing roads to a minimum of [_____] mm inches deep and the surface shall be left in a smooth condition.] All haul roads within the right-of-way that will remain as public thoroughfares after construction shall be cleaned daily and maintained in the preconstruction condition. All costs associated with these haul roads shall be considered as a subsidiary obligation of the Contractor.

Ramps and crossings shall be constructed at the locations shown on the drawings by placement of a fill as specified in paragraph [_____]. Ramps and crossings shall be constructed only by adding material to the levee crown and slopes. Ramps shall have a [_____] meter foot crown width, a grade not to exceed [_____] percent, and 1V on [_____]H side slopes.

Where material is hauled over an existing levee for construction, the Contractor at his expense will be permitted to construct temporary runways over the levee by the addition of material to the levee cross section. For the construction of runways, if the Contractor so desires, the existing levee may be cut, [but not to exceed a depth of [_____] meters feet below the crown] [not to exceed [_____] meters feet below the project flowline] [or 100-year level] [not to excavate below elevation [_____] or one half the height of the levee, whichever is less], and provided that the cut is made with side slopes not steeper than 1V on 1H, and with a minimum width of haul road of [_____] [7.6] m [_____] [25] feet for one-way traffic, and [_____] [18.3] m [_____] [60] feet for two-way traffic. Cutting into the existing levee at intervals of less than [_____] [152] m [_____] [500] linear feet for the [_____] [7.6]-m [_____] [25]-foot bottom widths or less than [_____] [304] m [_____] [1,000] linear feet for the [_____] [18.3]-m [_____] [60]-foot bottom widths will not be allowed, and no more than [_____] runways shall be open at one time. The Contractor shall stockpile, as directed by the Contracting Officer, sufficient suitable levee embankment material to construct emergency closure of the cuts.

Where runways have been cut through the levee, the Contracting Officer reserves the right to order their closure at no additional cost to the Government at any time that such runways may endanger the security of the levee. Just prior to restoration of the runway, the bottom of any cut made in the levee shall be broken to a depth of [_____] [300] mm [_____] [6] inches and the side slopes thoroughly scarified. The restoration shall be made with suitable embankment material, placed and compacted as provided in paragraph [_____]. Material used in the construction of the approach ramps of the runways shall be removed and may be used for fill, if satisfactory. If not used for fill, the material shall be disposed of by placing it in abandoned portions of the borrow areas or by any other method specified in paragraph disposal of material.[ No section of the levee shall be degraded or weakened to provide runways nor shall existing runways remain open during the nonwork season described in [Section [_____] [_____] [_____]] [GENERAL CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS], [paragraph] [Clause] EXCLUSION OF PERIODS IN COMPUTING COMPLETION SCHEDULES, unless otherwise approved in writing by the Contracting Officer.]

Any on-site stockpiling of embankment materials shall be in accordance with paragraph [_____] Stockpiles.[ No payment will be made for such stockpiling nor for the reloading and hauling of these materials to their final position.]

When sliding occurs in any part of the embankment and backfills prescribed in this section after they have been placed, but prior to final acceptance of all work under the contract, the Contractor shall repair the slide as directed by the Contracting Officer. When the slide is caused through the fault of the Contractor, the repair shall be made at no cost to the Government. When the slide is not the fault of the Contractor, an equitable adjustment in the contract price shall be made pursuant to the Contract Clause CHANGES to cover the cost of the repairs.

The Contractor shall not block or restrict the flow in a natural drain, existing culvert, ditch or channel at any time without obtaining prior written approval from the Contracting Officer. This approval shall not relieve the Contractor from responsibility for any damage caused by his operation. The Contractor shall monitor the [river] [canal] [stream] flow and provide sufficient free discharge areas so that conditions are not worsened upstream or downstream by possible floods during construction. Surface water shall be directed away from excavations and construction sites so as to prevent erosion and undermining of foundations. Diversion ditches, dikes, and grading shall be provided and maintained as necessary during construction. Excavated slopes and backfill surfaces shall be protected to prevent erosion and sloughing. Excavation shall be performed so that the site and the area immediately surrounding the site and affecting operations at the site shall be continually and effectively drained. If private property is to be used for drainage, submit written evidence that the right has been obtained from the property owner for drainage on his property.

Historical, archeological, and cultural resources within the Contractor's work limits [are known to exist] [may exist]. If, during construction activities, the Contractor observes items that may have historical or archeological value, such observations shall be reported immediately to the Contracting Officer so that appropriate authorities may be notified and a determination made as to their significance and what, if any, special disposition of the finds should be made. The Contractor shall cease all activities that may result in the destruction of these resources and shall prevent his employees from trespassing on or otherwise damaging such resources.

Subsurface soil boring logs are [shown on the drawings] [included in these specifications]. Subsurface investigation reports and samples of materials obtained from subsurface investigations may be examined at the [_____] District Office. These data represent subsurface information at the boring locations; however, variations may exist in the subsurface between boring locations. Groundwater levels indicated on the soil boring logs were levels found at the time of exploration. The groundwater table can vary significantly depending on time of year, variation from normal precipitation, and river stage or tide level.

Merchantable timber remaining within the areas to be cleared on or after the date of award of this contract may be disposed of as the Contractor sees fit, as long as such merchantable timber is either removed from the rights-of-way or is satisfactorily disposed of in accordance with the paragraph DISPOSITION OF CLEARED, GRUBBED, AND STRIPPED MATERIAL DISPOSITION OF EXCAVATED MATERIAL

and the Contractor complies with all applicable State and local regulations and laws.

All clearing and grubbing work shall be completed at least [100] [_____] meters [300][_____] feet in advance of embankment construction.[ In locations where work on drainage structures is performed prior to embankment construction, all clearing and grubbing shall be completed for the structure at least [_____] meters feet on each side of the structure, measured along the levee centerline and [_____] meters feet perpendicular to the structure.] If regrowth of vegetation or trees occurs after clearing and grubbing and before placement of embankment, the Contractor will be required to clear and grub again prior to embankment construction.

After inspection and acceptance of cleared and grubbed areas, stripping may proceed. All stripping work shall be completed not more than [_____] meters feet in advance of embankment construction.

[_____].

Select fill embankment material shall be obtained from [the borrow site provided by the Government] [sources provided by the Contractor] [required excavation]. The select fill material shall consist of satisfactory materials classified in accordance with ASTM D 2487 as [_____].]

This material shall consist of satisfactory impervious material classified as lean clay (CL),[ fat clay (CH),] low plasticity silt (ML),[ high plasticity silt (MH),] [sand containing more than 30 percent of clay (CL),] and borderline clay and silt (CL-ML) in accordance with ASTM D 2487.]

This material shall consist of satisfactory pervious material classified as well graded sand (SW), poorly graded sand (SP) in accordance with ASTM D 2487.]

Random fill shall consist of any satisfactory materials[ other than those classified in ASTM D 2487 as [_____]] [and any silt or sand with a uniformity coefficient (Cu) less than 6].[ Random fill may consist of select fill, impervious fill, and pervious fill, or a combination of them.]]

Random rock shall consist primarily of [_____] (shale, siltstone, sandstone, granite or limestone) obtained from a source provided by the Contractor. The random rock shall be free of silt, clay, or other earth material in quantities greater than [_____] [5] percent by weight, and shall contain no debris or organic material. Random rock shall be reasonably well-graded and the largest stones shall have a maximum dimension not exceeding [_____] [450] mm [_____] [18] inches. Rock production at the source shall be controlled such that not more than 20 percent of the material has a maximum dimension between adjacent earth fill shall be choked off with a layer of finer random rock material. Random rock placed within 1 meter 3 feet of any structure shall have a maximum size of 125 mm 5 inches.

Coarse gravel material for the [rectangular and trapezoidal] toe drains shall be obtained from a source provided by the Contractor. Coarse drainage gravel shall be non-calcareous, composed of tough durable particles, and shall not contain any organic material or soft, friable particles in quantities. Blast furnace slag will not be permitted. The gravel material in-place shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M 43, Size No. 57, with the following gradation:

                     SIEVE SIZE                PERCENTAGE BY
                     U.S. STANDARD             WEIGHT PASSING
                     SQUARE MESH               INDIVIDUAL SIEVE
                     [_____] (1-1/2 inches)    [_____] (100)
                     [_____] (1 - inch )       [_____] (95-100)
                     [_____] (1/2 - inch)      [_____] (25-60)
                     [_____] (No. 4)           [_____] (0-10)
                     [_____] (No. 8)           [_____] (0-5)]

Fine drainage gravel shall be obtained from a source [provided by the Contractor]. Fine drainage gravel material shall be non-calcareous, composed of tough durable particles, and shall not contain organic material. The fine drainage gravel in-place shall meet the requirements of AASHTO M 43, Size No. 8, with the following gradation:

                     SIEVE SIZE                PERCENTAGE BY
                     U.S. STANDARD             WEIGHT PASSING
                     SQUARE MESH               INDIVIDUAL SIEVE
                     [_____] (1/2-inch)        [_____] (100)
                     [_____] (3/8-inch)        [_____] (85-100)
                     [_____] (No. 4)           [_____] (10-30)
                     [_____] (No. 8)           [_____] (0-10)
                     [_____] (No. 16)          [_____] (0-5)]

Fine aggregate for the filter sand in-place shall meet the quality requirements of ASTM C 33 grading for fine aggregate with additional limits on the allowable percentage passing the No. 200 sieve as specified below.

                     SIEVE SIZE                PERCENTAGE BY
                     U.S. STANDARD             WEIGHT PASSING
                     SQUARE MESH               INDIVIDUAL SIEVE
                     [_____] (3/8-inch)        [_____] (100)
                     [_____] (No. 4)           [_____] (95-100)
                     [_____] (No. 16)          [_____] (50-85)
                     [_____] (No. 100)         [_____] (2-10)
                     [_____] (No. 200)         [_____] (0-5)

Additionally, the filter sand shall not contain any organic matter or soft friable particles.]

Bedding material, placed as a backing layer shall consist of satisfactory pervious fill material satisfying the material requirements presented in [Section 02371 02371 02371 WIRE MESH GABIONS [AND MATTRESSES]] and [Section 02380 02380 02380 STONE, CHANNEL, SHORELINE/COASTAL PROTECTION FOR STRUCTURES].]

Topsoil consists of organic soil and shall be placed on the levee slopes as shown on the contract drawings and as specified in Section [ 02922 02922 02922 SODDING] [_____].]

Material for semicompacted fill shall consist of satisfactory materials classified in accordance with ASTM D 2487 as [_____].]

Material for uncompacted fill shall consist of satisfactory materials classified in accordance with ASTM D 2487 as [_____].]

Fill shown on the drawings as hydraulic fill shall be placed by hydraulic methods in accordance with the plan of operations approved by the Contracting Officer. The dredged material shall have, as placed, not less than [_____] percent by weight passing U.S. Standard Sieve No. [_____] and not less than [_____] percent by weight passing a U.S. Standard Sieve No. [_____].]

[_____].]

Grouts and dental concrete shall be as specified in concrete Section [_____], except that the slump shall be [_____] mm inches for dental concrete.

[_____].]

Settlement gages shall be as shown.

Clearing shall be accomplished within the limits of existing ground to receive embankment [and structures], together with strips [1.5] [_____] meters [5] [_____] feet wide, beyond and contiguous thereto, existing levees to be degraded, ponding areas, ditches, structures, traverses, channels, riprap, revetment, borrow areas and ramps. Trees, downed timber, snags, slash, brush, garbage, trash, debris, fencing and other items shall be cleared [[_____] mm inches above] [flush with] the existing ground surface. Trees and vegetation designated to be left standing or to remain shall be protected from damage from construction operations. Clearing of borrow areas shall be limited to the minimum area required for construction operations.

Grubbing shall be accomplished within the limits of existing ground to receive embankment [and structures], together with strips [1.5] [_____] meters [5] [_____] feet wide, beyond and contiguous thereto, existing levees to be degraded, ponding areas, ditches, structures, traverses, channels, riprap, revetment, borrow areas and ramps. Grubbing shall be accomplished to a depth of at least [1] [_____] m [3] [_____] feet below the existing ground surface. All holes caused by grubbing operations and removal of pipes and drains, excluding holes in borrow areas, channels and ditches [above required grade], shall be filled with satisfactory material as specified in paragraph [_____]. This material shall be placed in [_____] mm inch layers to the elevation of the adjacent ground surface and each layer compacted to a density at least equal to that of the adjoining undisturbed material.

The entire area within the limits of existing ground to receive embankment and structures, together with strips [1.5] [_____] meters [5] [_____] feet wide, beyond and contiguous thereto, existing levees to be degraded, ponding areas, and ditches [shown on the drawing shall be stripped to remove crops, weeds, grass, and other vegetative materials to the ground surface [and topsoil to a depth of [_____] mm inches]].

Except as otherwise specified or indicated on the drawings, all materials resulting from clearing and grubbing operations shall, at the Contractor's option, be disposed of either by windrowing or stockpiling within construction limits, burying within construction limits, burning, chipping, removal from the site, or a combination thereof. In no case shall any material resulting form clearing and grubbing operations be buried or permanently placed within the levee foundation or any structural foundation. The Contractor shall make a reasonable effort to channel merchantable material into the commercial market and to make beneficial use of the materials resulting from clearing and grubbing. [The topsoil material resulting from the stripping operations shall be temporarily stockpiled within the rights-of-way.]

Cleared, grubbed and stripped material shall be placed [as shown on the drawings] in a neat windrow or in piles with tree limbs trimmed sufficiently to make the windrow as small as practicable. No cleared, grubbed or stripped material shall extend beyond the construction limits.

Subject to applicable Federal, State and local burning restrictions, the Contractor may burn material within the contract rights-of-way. Burning operations shall be conducted so as to prevent damage to adjacent man-made facilities and natural features. The Contractor shall be responsible for any damage to life and property resulting from fires that are started by the Contractor's employees or as a result of the Contractor's operations. The Contractor shall furnish, at the site of burning operations, adequate fire fighting equipment to properly equip personnel for fighting fires. Fires shall be guarded at all times and shall be under constant surveillance until they have been extinguished. All unburned material (material not reduced to ash) shall be removed from the site or disposed of by [_____].

Subject to applicable Federal, State and local burying restrictions, the Contractor may bury the cleared and grubbed material in the area(s) as shown on the drawings or in [_____]. No material shall be buried within [_____] meters feet of any standing timber. All material disposed of by burying shall be covered with a minimum of [_____] mm inches of earth.

All cut timber, down timber, dead timber, branches, and brush may be chipped. The chips shall be hauled either to stockpiles indicated on the drawings or to other locations approved by the Contracting Officer or removed from site of work. The chips shall be deposited in these areas in either piles or windrows [above] [below] elevation [_____] NGVD.

The Contractor may elect to remove all or part of the cleared and grubbed materials from the site of the work in accordance with Section 01355A 01355A 01355A ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION. The Contractor shall, at his option, either retain any such materials of value for his own use or dispose of them by sale or otherwise. The Government is not responsible for the protection and safekeeping of any materials retained by the Contractor. Such materials shall be removed from the site of the work before the date of completion of the work.

Abandoned pipes and conduits shall be removed to the limits shown on the drawings or plugged with concrete a minimum distance of [_____] meters feet from [_____]. Prior to plugging, the Contractor shall clean the interior of the pipe to be plugged and place the concrete in such a manner as to insure a dense, well bonded plug.

Shoring, sheeting, and bracing shall be installed where required for the protection of existing natural features and man-made facilities, for the safety of workers and the public, in compliance with EM 385-1-1, and to insure the integrity of the embankment. Shoring, sheeting and bracing shall not be used in lieu of the required excavation slopes. Shoring, sheeting, and bracing shall be adequately designed and properly installed to withstand anticipated loads. Shoring, sheeting and bracing shall be planned and designed by a registered professional engineer. The Contractor shall submit a plan for shoring, sheeting, and bracing in accordance with paragraph SUBMITTALS. All shoring, sheeting and bracing shall be removed as embankment and backfill operations progress.

Surface and groundwater control shall be accomplished in coordination with the required excavation and embankment construction. Surface and/or groundwater control may necessitate the use of temporary diversion ditches, cofferdams and/or dewatering by the use of pumping. Methods for care of surface water and for controlling the surface and groundwater levels shall be subject to approval of the Contracting Officer.

Excavation shall consist of removal of material in preparing the foundations to the lines and grades shown on the drawings, removal of material from ditches and channels to the lines and grades shown on the drawings, removal of objectionable materials and obtaining required fill materials from the borrow areas.[ Blasting will [not] be permitted.] Over excavation shall be backfilled to grade with similar over excavated material or satisfactory material and compacted to a density of at least that of the surrounding material.

Over excavation outside the limits of the foundations of levees or structures shall be backfilled to grade with similar over excavated material or satisfactory material and compacted to a density of at least that of the surrounding material.

Over excavation within the limits of the foundations of levees or structures shall be backfilled to grade in accordance with paragraph PREPARATION OF FOUNDATION, PARTIAL FILL SURFACES AND ABUTMENTS.

An inspection trench shall be excavated and maintained free of standing water to the dimensions and locations shown on the drawings. The trench shall be excavated at least [_____] meters feet in advance of but not more than [_____] meters feet in advance of construction.

Excavations for structures shall conform to the dimensions and elevations indicated for each structure and footing, except as specified hereinafter, and shall include trenching for utility and foundation drainage systems to a point [_____] meters feet beyond each structure and all work incidental thereto. Excavation shall extend a sufficient distance from walls and footings to allow for placing and removal of forms. Satisfactory material removed below the depths indicated without specific direction of the Contracting Officer shall be replaced at no additional cost to the Government and filled in accordance with paragraph OVER EXCAVATION above.[ Over excavation below required invert elevations or bottoms of footings shall be backfilled with lean concrete at no additional cost to the Government. No footings shall be constructed on unsatisfactory material as determined by the Contracting Officer.] [ Excessively wet and/or soft material in subgrades resulting from water ponding in footing excavations shall be removed and replaced with [lean concrete] [satisfactory material compacted to the density of the surrounding undisturbed material]].

Channels shall be excavated at the locations and to the lines and grades shown on the drawings and in accordance with paragraph TOLERANCES.

Drainage ditches shall be excavated at the locations and to the lines and grades shown on the drawings and in accordance with paragraph TOLERANCES.

Temporary excavation slopes for any channel, structure excavation, or other required excavation shall not be steeper than the specified finished slope or the specified construction slope, as applicable, and subject to the approval of the Contracting Officer. This may be accomplished by benching the temporary slope so that the average slope is not steeper than the specified slope. In addition, no temporary, permanent, or construction slope shall be surcharged with excavated or stockpiled material or with heavy construction equipment which would have the same effect as the surcharge material. The toe of stockpiled material shall be maintained a minimum distance back from the top of the finished excavation equal to the depth of the excavation. The maximum height of such stockpile without causing instability of the excavation slope shall be determined by the Contractor. Any slide or other adverse conditions caused by failure of the Contractor to maintain these conditions shall be considered the responsibility of the Contractor and remedial measures shall be at the Contractor's expense.

Borrow areas shall be excavated to the extent necessary to obtain satisfactory material within the lines and grades as shown on the drawings. When the material necessary for the construction of the embankment and berms cannot be obtained from adjacent borrow areas, it shall be obtained from other Government-furnished borrow areas. [ The permissible depth(s) in the borrow areas are indicated on the drawings.] Any excavation below the depths and slopes specified herein or shown on the drawings shall be backfilled by the Contractor, at the Contractor's expense, to the specified permissible excavation line, with satisfactory [material(s)] [cohesive material] [or] [other material] as specified by the Contracting Officer to a density of at least that of the surrounding material. Borrow areas shall be drained and kept dry during excavation. Where possible, unsatisfactory materials in borrow areas shall not be removed.

Borrow areas proposed by the Contractor shall be subject to approval by the Contracting Officer. Any borrow sources proposed, accepted and approved by the Contracting Officer shall meet all applicable Federal, State and local requirements. [ Proposed sources located within [_____] meters feet landward and [_____] meters feet riverward of the levee between Stations [_____] and [_____] will not be permitted.] No payment will be made for Contractor-furnished borrow areas.

The Contractor has the option of using dredging operations to obtain material for the pervious zones or the random zones subject to the requirements and the conditions specified herein. Dredging operations may be conducted at approved locations in the present stream bed of [_____] or as shown on the drawings. Dredging operations will not be permitted within [_____] meters feet of the levee centerline and no material shall be obtained within [_____] meters feet of any revetment, stabilized channel line, bridge pier and/or abutment.

A cutoff trench shall be excavated and maintained free of standing water to the dimensions and locations shown on the drawings. The trench shall be excavated at least [_____] meters feet in advance of but not more than [_____] meters feet of construction.

Existing levees and spoil banks shall be removed as shown on the drawings. In areas where the existing levee is located within the random or berm zone of the levee, it shall be incorporated into the embankment. Portions of existing embankments which lie within the impervious zone of the levee shall be removed. Existing levees located within the rights-of-way landward of the levee and berms to be constructed, may be utilized as borrow material, but only after equal protection has been provided by construction of the new levee. When excavated for borrow material, the existing levee shall be removed to the adjacent ground surface in a uniform manner, and shaped to maintain drainage in accordance with the adjacent natural drainage pattern. [ When lower levels of flood protection would be caused by levee construction the Contractor shall provide the Contracting Officer a plan to maintain existing levels of protection during the construction period.]

Toe drains shall be excavated to the dimensions and the locations indicated on the drawings.

Excavations for pipe beds shall be shaped to fit the contour of the pipe over a width of not less than 0.6 of the pipe diameter, or as shown on the drawings.

Rock and other hard foundation materials shall be cleaned of loose debris and cut to a firm surface, either level, stepped, or serrated, as shown on the drawings. Loose disintegrated rock and thin strata shall be removed. Rock excavation will not be measured for payment. Rock excavation will not be paid for as a separate bid item.

Excavations for riprap and bedding shall be performed at the locations and to the lines and grades shown.

A tolerance of [_____] mm inches above or below the prescribed grade will be allowed in the excavation for channels, ditches, inspection trenches, cutoff trenches, excavations for riprap and bedding, and mandatory borrow areas. A tolerance of [_____] mm inches below the prescribed grade will be allowed in the excavation for all other borrow areas.

All embankments and backfills shall be constructed to the grades, lines, and cross-sections shown on the drawings. At all points a tolerance of [100] [_____] mm [4] [_____] inches above or below the prescribed grade will be permitted in the final dressing, provided that any excess material is so distributed that the crown of the levee drains and that there are no abrupt humps or depressions in any surfaces. For topsoil, a tolerance of [_____] mm inches above the thickness as shown on the drawings will be permitted.

In case sliding occurs in any part of the excavations prescribed in this section after they have been excavated, but prior to final acceptance of all work under the contract, the Contractor shall repair the slide as directed by the Contracting Officer. In case the slide is caused through the fault of the Contractor, it shall be repaired at no cost to the Government. In case the slide is due to no fault of the Contractor, an equitable adjustment in the contract price will be made for the repairs in accordance with the Contract Clause CHANGES.

Traverses shall be left unexcavated between borrow areas at the locations [and to the cross sections] shown on the drawings. [ The traverses shall have minimum top widths of [_____] meters feet with side slopes no steeper than 1 on 3 or as shown on the drawings.]

Provisions of paragraph SLOPES AND SURCHARGES are applicable to all stockpiled materials. Upon completion of construction operations, all remaining stockpiled material shall be removed and disposed of by the disposal methods specified in paragraph DISPOSITION OF EXCAVATED MATERIALS.

The areas shown on the drawings designated as "GRADE FOR SURFACE DRAINAGE", the borrow areas, and the finished embankment areas shall be graded to the lines and grades shown on the drawings. The surface shall be free from sharp ridges, gullies, potholes, sinkholes, and any other surface irregularities. A tolerance of [_____] mm inches above or below the prescribed grade will be allowed provided that the surface drains in the direction as indicated on the drawings.

The Contractor shall maintain all ditch and channel excavations free from leaves, brush, sticks, trash, and other debris until final acceptance of all work under the contract at no additional cost to the Government.

Prior to final acceptance of all work under this contract, the removal of sediments from ditch or channel excavations shall be required to restore design grade and section at no additional cost to the Government.

Satisfactory excavated material shall be incorporated in the appropriate zones of the embankment. Satisfactory material shall consist of material as defined in paragraph DEFINITIONS, subparagraph SATISFACTORY MATERIALS. When direct placement is not practicable, satisfactory material from the excavation [may] [shall] be stockpiled for subsequent use in parts of the work for which it is specified herein and/or as indicated on the drawings. Satisfactory materials in excess of the quantity necessary to construct backfills and embankments shall be disposed of as specified for unsatisfactory materials.

Unsatisfactory materials shall be as defined in paragraph DEFINITIONS, subparagraph UNSATISFACTORY MATERIALS. Unsatisfactory materials from the excavations prescribed in this section shall be permanently disposed of by [removal from the site to a Contractor-furnished disposal area] [placing in the disposal area shown on the drawings] [placing in abandoned portions of the borrow areas]. [ The material shall be shaped so that its surface is free from abrupt changes in grade and shall be sloped to drain.] [ No additional payment will be made for [Contractor-furnished disposal areas] [placing in abandoned portions of the borrow areas].] [ The material shall be shaped so that its surface is free from abrupt changes in grade and shall be sloped to drain.] [ No additional payment will be made for Contractor-furnished disposal areas.]

After excavation (as described in paragraph EXCAVATION) or stripping (as described in paragraph CLEARING, GRUBBING AND STRIPPING) of the embankment foundation [and excavation of the cut-off trench] to the extent indicated or otherwise required, the sides of stump holes, test pits, and other similar cavities or depressions shall be broken down so as to flatten out the slopes, and the sides of the cut or hole shall be scarified to provide bond between the foundation material and the fill. [ The slopes and bottom of the cut-off trench shall be scarified, as directed.] Unless otherwise directed, each depression shall be filled with the same material type that is to be placed immediately above the foundation. The fill shall be placed in layers, moistened, and compacted in accordance with the applicable provisions of paragraphs PLACEMENT, MOISTURE CONTROL, and COMPACTION for the specific material type. Materials which cannot be compacted by roller equipment because of inadequate clearances shall be compacted with power tampers in accordance with the paragraph COMPACTION for the specific material type. After filling of depressions [and cut-off trench] and immediately prior to placement of compacted fill in any section of the embankment, the foundation of such section shall be loosened thoroughly by scarifying, plowing, discing or harrowing to a minimum depth of [_____] mm inches, and the moisture content shall be adjusted to the amount specified in paragraph MOISTURE CONTROL for the appropriate type of material. [ After removal of roots or other debris turned up in the process of loosening, the entire surface of the embankment foundation area shall be compacted by [_____] complete coverages of the compaction equipment as specified for the appropriate type of fill.] Immediately prior to placement of compacted fill on or against the surfaces of any partial fill section, all soft or loose material, all material containing cracks or gullies, and all material that does not conform with the specified zoning of the embankment shall be removed. The remaining surface of the partial fill shall be loosened by scarifying, plowing, discing or harrowing to a minimum depth of [_____] [150] mm [_____] [6] inches, and the moisture content shall be adjusted as specified in paragraph MOISTURE CONTROL for the appropriate type of material. The surface of the partial fill section upon which fill is to be placed shall then be compacted as hereinafter specified for the appropriate type of fill. No separate payment will be made for loosening and rolling the foundation area, the abutment area, or the surfaces of partial fill sections, but the entire cost thereof shall be included in the applicable contract price for fill.

All rock surfaces upon which or against which embankment materials are to be placed shall be excavated (as described in paragraph EXCAVATION) or stripped (as described in paragraph CLEARING, GRUBBING AND STRIPPING). Prior to the placement of embankment material upon or against a rock surface, all open joints and cracks in that surface shall be filled with mortar to the depths cleaned. Those portions of such rock surfaces where, in the opinion of the Contracting Officer, the compaction of the embankment materials cannot be accomplished satisfactorily with power tampers or other specified compaction equipment, shall be filled with mortar or concrete as directed to the extent necessary to permit satisfactory use of the compaction equipment. In no case shall a thin coat of mortar be left on smooth, intact rock surfaces. Large rock overhangs and protrusions shall be removed and rock surfaces shall be laid back to a slope no steeper than 4V on 1H by the use of pre-splitting or line drilling techniques in such a manner as to minimize damage to the underlying rock, or the spaces beneath overhangs and around protrusions shall be filled with tamped concrete so that satisfactory compaction of embankment materials can be accomplished. Rock surfaces shall not be more than 0.67 m 2 feet in height, and benches of sufficient width shall be provided as necessary so that the average slope of any rock face is not steeper than [_____]V on [_____]H. Mortar and concrete, including forming as necessary, shall conform with the applicable provisions of Section [ 03307 03307 03307 CONCRETE FOR MINOR STRUCTURES] [_____].

Benching into existing levee embankment and abutments is required in order to place and compact the material in horizontal layers. The vertical face cut into the existing embankment or abutment resulting from the benching operation shall be a minimum of [_____] mm inches in height but shall not exceed [_____] mm inches in height.]

Preloading of the levee foundation will be required between Station [_____] and Station [_____]. The preload embankment will be constructed to the cross section shown on the drawings for the applicable location. After completion of the construction of the preload embankment no additional construction shall take place in the preloaded areas [for [_____] days] [until the required settlement has occurred]].

The Contractor [shall] [may elect to] [furnish and install settlement gages] [perform core borings], at the settlement measurement locations shown on the plans, for determination of settlement of the foundation during construction within the settlement measurement ranges shown on the drawings. [ Each settlement measurement location shall be located on the prepared foundation at a point directly under the crown of the planned levee section prior to placing of fill material. The gages shall be maintained and extended, if necessary, during the construction. The type and arrangement of the gages shall be as shown on the drawings. The Contractor shall make such measurements and determine such elevations on the gages prior to the placing of fill material and again within [72] [_____] hours after final cross sections have been taken over the completed embankment at the locations of the gages.] [ The Contractor shall perform a cross section at the settlement measurement location prior to the placing of fill material to establish the elevation of the foundation/embankment interface. Within [72] [_____] hours after final cross sections have been taken over the completed embankment at the settlement measurement location the Contractor shall perform the core boring to determine foundation settlement.] Settlement measurements will be [verified] [subject to verification] by the Contracting Officer.]

Before beginning embankment construction, the Contractor shall construct test strip(s) for [_____] fill materials to demonstrate that the equipment and compaction procedure will achieve the moisture-dry density relationship as specified. The test strips may be incorporated as part of the final embankment, if the fills meet the requirements of the specifications. The test strips shall be constructed using materials from the borrow sources which have been approved by the Contracting Officer. A test strip shall be performed for each of the following type of fill materials [_____]. Each test strip shall be of sufficient size to allow compaction equipment to achieve normal operating speed over a [_____] [17] meter [_____] [50] foot length. The test strip shall be a minimum of two (2) times wider than the compaction equipment. Each test strip shall be constructed with a minimum of 4 lifts. Prior to the construction of the test strips, the foundation (subgrade) shall be proof rolled as specified in paragraph [_____] and an 200 mm 8 inch thick subbase layer installed. The subbase layer shall consist of the same material to be used in the test strip and shall be spread and compacted to the same requirements. The test strips shall be constructed in accordance with the applicable provisions of paragraphs PLACEMENT, MOISTURE CONTROL, and COMPACTION for the specific material type. The fill material shall be placed and spread in layers in accordance with the applicable provisions of paragraphs PLACEMENT for the specific material type. Each layer of the fill shall be compacted with a minimum of four (4) complete coverages using the specified compaction equipment, and as many additional coverages as may be required to achieve the specified density. Even if the results from the test strips show that the required densities can be obtained with less than four coverages by the compaction equipment, the Contractor shall still be required to compact the impervious and random fills with a minimum of (4) complete coverages. If the use of the proposed compaction equipment causes shearing of the fill, laminations in the fill, or results in inadequate compaction, the Contracting Officer may direct that such roller be removed from the fill and that another appropriate tamping roller be used.]

Prior to construction of the test strips, the Contractor shall perform one laboratory compaction test for each type of material used in test strips. The compaction tests shall be performed in accordance with the requirements specified in paragraph MATERIALS TESTING. Test results shall be submitted to the Contracting Officer before construction of the test strips. After placement and spreading of the fill in the test strip, but prior to compaction, five samples shall be obtained from each lift for moisture content determination in accordance with ASTM D 2216 . After compaction of the fill, a minimum of [_____] [5] in-place nuclear density and moisture content tests (in accordance with ASTM D 2922 and ASTM D 3017, respectively) and one (1) sand cone density test (in accordance with ASTM D 1556) shall be performed on each lift. One sample shall be obtained from each test strip for classification testing as specified in paragraph MATERIALS TESTING. All testing and sampling locations shall be determined by the Contracting Officer. The Contractor's QC personnel shall monitor and document construction and testing of the test strips. Documentation shall include weather conditions, soil type, spreading and compaction equipment type, lift thickness, number of coverages, moisture content, dry density, and a plan showing approximate location of sampling and testing. Documentation of the test strip construction procedures and results of all testing shall be provided to the Contracting Officer. Full scale embankment construction shall not commence until the equipment and placement methods are approved by the Contracting Officer.]

[Prior to beginning embankment placement on the levee foundation the Contractor shall notify the Government that the foundation is ready to receive fill.] [ No fill shall be placed on any part of the embankment foundation until such areas have been inspected and given final approval by the Contracting Officer.]

The gradation and distribution of materials throughout each zone of the levee shall be such that the embankment will be free from lenses, pockets, streaks, and layers of material differing substantially in texture or gradation from surrounding material of the same class. If lenses, pockets, or layers of materials differing substantially in texture or gradation from surrounding material occur in the spread material, the layer shall be mixed by harrowing or any other approved method to blend the materials. During the placing and spreading process, the Contractor shall maintain at all times a force of workers adequate to remove all roots, debris, and oversize stone from all embankment materials. All stones and rock fragments larger than [2/3 of the placement lift thickness measured by the greatest dimension] [75 mm 3 inches in any dimension] shall be removed [at the source prior to hauling to] [from] the fill. No fill shall be placed upon a frozen surface, nor shall snow, ice, or frozen earth be incorporated in the embankment.

The foundations and all partial embankment receiving fills shall be kept thoroughly drained. Placing operations will be such as to avoid mixing of materials from adjacent sections as much as practicable.

Equipment traffic on any embankment zone shall be routed to distribute the compactive effort as much as practicable. Ruts formed in the surface of any layer of spread material will be filled before that material is compacted. If, in the opinion of the Contracting officer, the compacted surface of any layer of material is too smooth to bond properly with the succeeding layer, the surface shall be loosened by scarifying or other approved methods before material from the succeeding layer is placed.

Embankment shall not be placed on a foundation which contains frozen material, [or which has been subjected to freeze-thaw action]. This prohibition encompasses all foundation types, including the natural ground, all prepared subgrades (whether in an excavation or on an embankment, and all layers of previously placed and compacted earth fill which become the foundations for successive layers of earth fill. All material that freezes or has been subjected to freeze-thaw action during the construction work, or during periods of temporary shutdowns, such as, but not limited to nights, holidays, weekends, or winter shutdowns of earthwork operations, shall be removed to a depth that is acceptable to the Contracting Officer and replaced with new material. Alternatively, the material shall be thawed, dried, reworked and recompacted to the specified criteria before additional material is placed. The Contracting Officer will determine when placement of fill shall cease due to cold weather. The Contracting Officer may elect to use average daily air temperatures, and/or physical observation of the soils for the determination. Levee embankment material shall not contain frozen clumps of soil, snow or ice.

All rock surfaces upon which or against which embankment materials are to be placed shall be cleaned in accordance with Section 02330 02330 02330 EMBANKMENT FOR EARTH DAMS [and shall be prepared in accordance with paragraph PREPARATION OF FOUNDATION, PARTIAL FILL SURFACES AND ABUTMENTS, subparagraph ROCK]. In restricted areas where material can not be placed in large lifts with normal spreading and compaction equipment material shall be spread in lifts not exceeding [_____] mm inches and compacted with mechanical hand tampers, vibrating plates, or other approved methods and equipment.

No embankment or backfill shall be placed on or against concrete less than 7 days after placement or 70 percent of the design strength, without prior approval of the Contracting Officer. Crawler-type tractors, vibratory equipment and other similar compaction equipment shall not be used within [____] [1] meter [_____] [4] feet of any completed or partially completed structure. Compaction within [_____] [1] meter [_____] [4] feet of completed or partially completed structures shall be accomplished by the use of mechanical hand tampers, vibrating plates, or other approved methods and equipment. The Contractor shall ensure that compaction operations do not damage any existing utilities. Any damage caused by the Contractor's operation shall be repaired at the Contractor's expense.

Select fill material shall be placed and spread in layers not more than 200 mm 8 inches in uncompacted thickness, except that within [_____] [1] m [_____] [4] feet of [______] structures, the uncompacted layer thickness shall be reduced to [150] [_____] mm [6] [_____] inches. [Layers should be started full out to the slope stakes and shall be carried substantially horizontal and parallel to the levee centerline with sufficient crown or slope to provide satisfactory drainage during construction.] [The materials for [_____] fill shall be placed or spread in layers, the first layer not more than [_____] mm inches in thickness and the succeeding layers not more than [_____] mm inches in thickness prior to compaction.]

Coarse drainage gravel and filter sand shall be placed and spread in layers not more than [_____] [300] mm [_____] [12] inches in uncompacted thickness, except that within [_____] [1] m [_____] [4] feet of the [_____] structures, the uncompacted layer thickness shall be reduced to [_____] [150] mm [_____] [6] inches. The method of placement of all gravel and sand material shall be controlled to minimize segregation of particle sizes and contamination with other embankment materials.

The impervious fill material shall be placed and spread in layers not more than [_____] [200] mm [_____] [8] inches in uncompacted thickness, except that within [_____] [1] m [_____] [4] feet of [______] structures, the uncompacted layer thickness shall be reduced to [_____] [100] mm [_____] [4] inches. [Layers should be started full out to the slope stakes and shall be carried substantially horizontal and parallel to the levee centerline with sufficient crown or slope to provide satisfactory drainage during construction.] [The materials for [_____] fill shall be placed or spread in layers, the first layer not more than [_____] mm inches in thickness and the succeeding layers not more than [_____] mm inches in thickness prior to compaction.]

The pervious fill material shall be placed and spread in layers not more than [_____] [200] mm [_____] [8] inches in uncompacted thickness, except that within [_____] [1] m [_____] [4] feet of [______] structures, the uncompacted layer thickness shall be reduced to [_____] [150] mm [_____] [6] inches. [Layers should be started full out to the slope stakes and shall be carried substantially horizontal and parallel to the levee centerline with sufficient crown or slope to provide satisfactory drainage during construction.] [The materials for [_____] fill shall be placed or spread in layers, the first layer not more than [_____] mm inches in thickness and the succeeding layers not more than [_____] mm inches in thickness prior to compaction.]

Random fill material shall be placed and spread in layers not more than [_____] [200] mm [_____] [8] inches in uncompacted thickness, except that within [_____] [1] m [_____] [4] feet of [_____]structures, the uncompacted layer thickness shall be reduced to [_____] [150] mm [_____] [6] inches. [Layers should be started full out to the slope stakes and shall be carried substantially horizontal and parallel to the levee centerline with sufficient crown or slope to provide satisfactory drainage during construction.] [The materials for [_____] fill shall be placed or spread in layers, the first layer not more than [_____] mm inches in thickness and the succeeding layers not more than [_____] mm inches in thickness prior to compaction.]

Random rock shall be placed within the limits indicated on the drawings in such a manner as to produce a reasonably well graded mass of stone with a minimum percentage of voids. The random rock shall be placed in layers that will will produce a compacted [_____] [600] mm [_____] [24] inch thick layer as shown on the drawings.[ Dewatering of the foundation beneath the random rock zone shall be sufficient to allow the random rock material to be placed and compacted as specified herein to produce a firm, dense surface upon which to place select earth fill.] The outside slope of the random rock zone shall be graded to produce a reasonably even surface, within a tolerance of plus or minus [_____] [300] mm [_____] [12] inches measured [vertical] [normal] to the slope from the lines indicated on the he drawings, upon which slope protection layers can be placed.]

Fine drainage gravel placed for drainage around [_____] structures shall be placed in horizontal layers not exceeding [_____] mm inches in loose lift thickness, or within [_____] [1] m [_____] [4] feet when hand operated compactors are used. After placing, each layer shall be uniformly spread, moistened or aerated as necessary to obtain the specified moisture content, thoroughly mixed and compacted as specified. Backfilling shall not begin until construction below finish grade has been approved, forms removed, and the excavation cleaned of trash and debris. Power driven hand operated compactors shall be used along the closure structure for compaction within [_____] [0.7] m [_____] [2] feet of concrete structures. Backfill shall not be placed against concrete prior to 7 days after placement. As far as practicable, backfill shall be brought up evenly on each side of the structure and sloped to drain away from the structure.]

The location and extent of the semicompacted fill shall be as shown on the drawings. Semicompacted fill shall not be placed in water. Semicompacted fill material shall be placed and spread in layers not more than [_____] [300] mm [_____] [12] inches in uncompacted thickness, [except that within [_____] [1] m [_____] [4] feet of [_____] structures, the uncompacted layer thickness shall be reduced to [_____] [150] mm [_____] [6] inches].[ Layers shall be started full out to the slope stakes and shall be carried substantially horizontal and parallel to the levee centerline with sufficient crown or slope to provide satisfactory drainage during construction.] [ The materials for [_____] fill shall be placed or spread in layers, the first layer not more than [_____] mm inches in thickness and the succeeding layers not more than [_____] mm inches in thickness prior to compaction.]]

Uncompacted fill shall be placed in approximately horizontal layers not exceeding [_____] mm inches in thickness. The layers shall be uniformly spread, distributed, and otherwise manipulated during placement to such an extent that individual loads of material deposited on the fill will not remain intact, and large, open voids in the fill will be eliminated. Lifts shall not be placed in a manner which causes shrinkage cracks and open voids from developing in previously placed lifts.[ Layers shall be started full out to the slope stakes and shall be carried in lifts approximately horizontal and parallel to the centerline with sufficient crown or slope to provide satisfactory drainage during construction.] [ The materials for [_____] fill shall be placed or spread in layers, the first layer not more than [_____] mm inches in thickness and the succeeding layers not more than [_____] mm inches in thickness prior to compaction.][ Compaction other than that obtained by the controlled movement of the hauling and spreading equipment over the area will not be required.][ Where material must be placed in water, it shall be dumped therein until it reaches an elevation [_____] mm foot above the water surface, or until a stable fill surface is obtained before layer construction will be required. The material deposited under water shall be placed in such a manner to ensure that any soft material will be forced progressively outward from the section and not be trapped within the base of the embankment.][ Material containing more than [_____] [15] percent fines passing the No. 200 sieve shall not be placed below the water surface.]]

At all times when the dredge discharge pipe is being washed out or when the discharge consists of a high percentage of water with only a minimum amount of solid material being pumped, all control plates at the bottom openings along the spill-pipe sections of the discharge pipe lines shall be closed immediately and shall remain in a closed position until the pumping operation produces a minimum of [10] [_____] percent solid materials in the discharge.

During placement operations of the fill, free outlets to conduct discharge water away from the embankment shall be provided at intervals of not more than [610] [_____] m [2,000] [_____] feet, for 300-mm 12-inch dredges or smaller; [915] [_____] m [3,000] [_____] feet, for 325 to 400 mm 13- to 16-inch dredges; and [1219] [_____] m [4,000] [_____] feet, for dredges over 400 mm 16 inches. The size of dredges are determined by the minimum inside diameter of the discharge pipe. No obstruction to free flow will be permitted in these outlets or at any point in the fill area, between the end of the discharge pipe and the outlet. A retaining dike, transverse to the fill area center line, shall be constructed immediately beyond each outlet and shall not be breached until the end of the discharge pipe has approached the retaining dike to within 76 m 250 feet, in the case of 300 mm 12-inch dredges or smaller; 114 m 375 feet, in case of 325 to 400 mm 13- to 16-inch dredges; or 152 m 500 feet , in the case of dredges over 400 mm 16 inches.

In general, the materials in the fill shall be distributed in such a way as to produce a section of relatively uniform permeability. In order to maintain uniform permeability of the fill, the Contractor shall not place strata and large pockets of gravel, not containing sufficient fines. Whenever they occur they shall be promptly blended with finer materials. The Contractor shall take necessary precautions to prevent damage from discharge water or other causes.

Rehandling of hydraulic material to bring the fill area to required grade and cross section shall conform to paragraph [_____]. If, in the opinion of the Contracting Officer, the rehandled material is too dry to permit its placement by compacted fill method, then the soil placement shall conform to paragraph [_____].

The materials in each layer of the fill shall contain the amount of moisture, within the limits specified below or as directed by the Contracting Officer, necessary to obtain the required compaction. Material that is not within the specified moisture content limits after compaction shall be reworked to obtain the specified moisture content, regardless of density.

If the top or contact surfaces of a partial fill section become too dry to permit suitable bond between these surfaces and the additional fill to be placed thereon, the Contractor shall loosen the dried materials by scarifying or discing to such depths as may be directed by the Contracting Officer, shall dampen the loosened material to an acceptable moisture content, and shall compact this layer in accordance with the applicable requirements of paragraph COMPACTION.

If the top or contact surfaces of a partial fill section become too wet to permit suitable bond between these surfaces and the additional fill to be placed thereon, the wet material shall be scarified and permitted to dry, assisted by discing or harrowing, if necessary, to such depths as may be directed by the contracting officer. The material shall be dried to an acceptable moisture content, and shall be compacted in accordance with the applicable requirements of paragraph COMPACTION.

Material that is too wet shall [be spread on the embankment and permitted to dry,] [be dried in the borrow area prior to bringing to the levee embankment] be assisted by discing or harrowing, if necessary, until the moisture content is reduced to an amount within the specified limits.

The moisture content of material that is too dry, [will be adjusted on the levee embankment] [will be adjusted in the borrow area prior to bringing to the levee embankment]. The Contractor will add water to the fill material and by harrowing, or other approved methods, work the moisture into the material until a uniform distribution of moisture within the specified limits is obtained. Water applied on a layer of fill on the levee embankment shall be accurately controlled in amount so that free water will not appear on the surface during or subsequent to rolling. Should too much water be added to any part of the embankment, the rolling on that section of the embankment shall be delayed until the moisture content of the materials is reduced to an amount within the specified limits. If it is impracticable to obtain the specified moisture content by wetting or drying the material on the fill, the Contractor may be required to pre-wet or dry back the material at the source of excavation or in the borrow area.

The moisture content after compaction shall be within the limits of [_____] percentage points above optimum to [_____] percentage point below optimum moisture content as determined by ASTM D 698.

The moisture content after compaction shall be within the limits of [2] [_____] percentage points above optimum to [2] [_____] percentage point below optimum moisture content as determined by ASTM D 698.

Each layer of material shall be placed, worked, and compacted in a saturated condition.

[The moisture content after compaction shall be within the limits of [_____] percentage points above optimum to [_____] percentage point below optimum moisture content as determined by ASTM D 698.] [The moisture content shall be that which will facilitate obtaining the specified compaction.]

The moisture content shall be controlled such that hauling, spreading, and compacting equipment can operate with normal procedure without excessive rutting of the fill. If the material is too wet or too dry to facilitate proper compaction, the coarse drainage gravel or filter sand shall be wetted or dried as required by the procedures specified in paragraph [_____].

Fine drainage gravel shall be placed, worked, and compacted in a saturated condition. The moisture content after compaction shall be as uniform as practicable throughout any one layer of fine drainage gravel.

[Semicompacted fill shall be placed within plus or minus [_____] percent of optimum moisture content.] [Semicompacted fill will be placed at their in situ moisture content.] [The moisture content of semicompacted fill shall be controlled such that hauling, spreading, and compacting equipment can operate with normal procedure without excessive rutting of the fill.] [The moisture content shall be that which will facilitate obtaining the specified compaction.]

Uncompacted fill will be placed at their in situ water content.[ The moisture content shall be controlled such that hauling, spreading, and compacting equipment can operate with normal procedure without excessive rutting of the fill.]

No moisture control is required for Hydraulic Fill.

Tamping rollers shall be as follows:

Vibratory rollers for compacting rock fills, pervious sand and gravel fills, or filter and transition drainage layers shall be equipped with a smooth steel compaction drum and shall be operated at a frequency of vibration during compaction operations between 1100 and 1500 vpm. Vibratory rollers may be either towed or self-propelled and shall have an unsprung drum weight that is a minimum of 60 percent of the rollers' static weight. Towed rollers shall have at least 90 percent of their weight transmitted to the ground through the compaction drum when the roller is standing in a level position hitched to the towing vehicle. Rollers for compacting rockfill, [sand and gravel fills, or filter and drainage layers] shall have a minimum static weight of 90 kN 20,000 pounds , a minimum dynamic force of 180 kN 40,000 pounds when operating at 1400 vpm, and an applied force not less than 130 kN/m 9,000 pounds per foot of compaction drum length.[ Rollers for compacting sand and gravel fills or filter and drainage layers shall have a minimum static weight of 36 kN 8,000 pounds, a minimum dynamic force of 71 kN 16,000 pounds when operating at 1400 vpm, and an applied force not less than 22 kN 5,000 pounds nor greater than 130 kN/m 9,000 pounds per foot of compaction drum length.] The level of amplitude and vibration frequency during compaction will be maintained uniform throughout the embankment zone within which it is operating. Rollers shall be operated at speeds not to exceed 2.4 km/h 1.5 mph. The equipment manufacturer shall furnish sufficient data, drawings, and computation for verification of the above specifications, and the character and efficiency of this equipment shall be subject to approval.

Rubber-tired rollers shall have a minimum of four wheels equipped with pneumatic tires. The tires shall be of such size and ply as to be capable of being operated at tire pressures between 550 and 690 kPa 80 and 100 psi at an 11,340 kg 25,000 pound wheel load. The roller wheels shall be located abreast and so designed that each wheel will carry approximately equal load in traversing uneven ground. The spacing of the wheels shall be such that the distance between the nearest edges of adjacent tires will not be greater than 50 percent of the rated tire width of a single tire at the operating pressure for an 11,340 kg 25,000 pound wheel load. The roller shall be provided with a body suitable for ballast loading such that the load per wheel may be varied, as directed by the Contracting Officer, from 8,165 to 11,340 kg 18,000 to 25,000 pounds. The roller shall be towed at a speed not to exceed 8 km 5 miles per hour. The character and efficiency of this equipment shall be subject to the approval of the Contracting Officer.

Compaction of material, in areas where it is impracticable to use a roller or tractor compaction shall be performed by the use of approved hand operated power compactors.

Crawler-type tractors used for spreading or compaction shall weigh not less than [_____] [9,070] kg [_____] [20,000] pounds, shall exert a unit tread pressure of not less than [_____] [41.4] kPa [_____] [6] psi, and shall be operated at a speed not to exceed [_____] [5.6] km [_____] [3.5] miles per hour.

Sprinkling equipment shall consist of tank trucks, pressure distributors or other equipment designed to apply water uniformly and in controlled quantities to variable width of surface.

Scarifiers, disks, spring-tooth or spike-tooth harrows, spreaders, and other equipment shall be suitable for use in embankment construction and approved by the Contracting Officer. Equipment used for blending fill material shall be capable of penetrating the full loose lift thickness of the specific material type.

After a layer of material has been dumped and spread, it shall be harrowed to break up and blend the fill materials and to obtain uniform moisture distribution. Harrowing shall be performed with a heavy disk plow, or other approved harrow, to the full depth of the layer. If one pass of the harrow does not accomplish the breaking up and blending of the materials, additional passes of the harrow shall be required, but in no case will more than [_____] [three] passes of the harrow on any one layer be required for this purpose. When the moisture content and the condition of the layer are satisfactory, the lift shall be compacted [to a minimum of [95] [_____] percent of the maximum dry density as determined by the Contractor in accordance with ASTM D 698] [with not less than [six] [_____] complete coverages of an approved tamping roller or [four] [_____] complete coverages of an approved 45 metric ton 50-ton rubber-tired roller traversing in a direction parallel to the axis of the levee]. In areas which are not accessible by roller, the fill shall be placed in layers not more than 100 mm 4 inches in uncompacted depth and compacted with an approved hand operated compactor to a density equal to that obtained in other areas which are accessible to rollers. Dumping, spreading, sprinkling, and compacting may be performed at the same time at different points along a section when there is sufficient area to permit these operations to proceed simultaneously. Compaction equipment shall be operated such that the strip being traversed by the roller shall overlap the rolled adjacent strip by not less than [_____] [1] m [_____] [3] feet.

After a layer of material has been dumped and spread, it shall be harrowed to break up and blend the fill materials and to obtain uniform moisture distribution. Harrowing shall be performed with a heavy disk plow, or other approved harrow, to the full depth of the layer. If one pass of the harrow does not accomplish the breaking up and blending of the materials, additional passes of the harrow shall be required, but in no case will more than [_____] [three] passes of the harrow on any one layer be required for this purpose. When the moisture content and the condition of the layer are satisfactory, the lift shall be compacted [to a minimum of [95] [_____] percent of the maximum dry density as determined by the Contractor in accordance with ASTM D 698] [with not less than [six] [_____] complete coverages of an approved tamping roller or [four] [_____] complete coverages of an approved 45 metric ton 50-ton rubber-tired roller traversing in a direction parallel to the axis of the levee]. In areas which are not accessible by roller, the fill shall be placed in layers not more than 100 mm 4 inches in uncompacted depth and compacted with an approved hand operated compactor to a density equal to that obtained in other areas which are accessible to rollers. Dumping, spreading, sprinkling, and compacting may be performed at the same time at different points along a section when there is sufficient area to permit these operations to proceed simultaneously. Compaction equipment shall be operated such that the strip being traversed by the roller shall overlap the rolled adjacent strip by not less than [_____] [1] m [_____] [3] feet.

After a layer of material has been dumped and spread, it shall be harrowed to break up and blend the fill materials and to obtain uniform moisture distribution. Harrowing shall be performed with a heavy disk plow, or other approved harrow, to the full depth of the layer. If one pass of the harrow does not accomplish the breaking up and blending of the materials, additional passes of the harrow shall be required, but in no case will more than [_____][three] passes of the harrow on any one layer be required for this purpose. When the moisture content and the condition of the layer are satisfactory, the lift shall be compacted with not less than [six][_____] complete coverages of an approved tamping roller traversing in a direction parallel to the axis of the levee. If the desired compaction to a minimum of [95][_____] percent of the maximum dry density as determined by the Contractor in accordance with ASTM D 698 is not achieved, additional rolling will be required. In areas which are not accessible by roller, the fill shall be placed in layers not more than 4 inches in uncompacted depth and compacted with an approved hand operated compactor to a density equal to that obtained in other areas which are accessible to rollers. Dumping, spreading, sprinkling, and compacting may be performed at the same time at different points along a section when there is sufficient area to permit these operations to proceed simultaneously. Compaction equipment shall be operated such that the strip being traversed by the roller shall overlap the rolled adjacent strip by not less than [_____] [1] meter [_____] [3] feet.

After a layer of material has been dumped and spread it shall be harrowed as required to break up and blend the fill materials and to obtain uniform moisture distribution. Harrowing shall be performed with a heavy disk plow, or other approved harrow, to the full depth of the layer. If one pass of the harrow does not accomplish the breaking up and blending of the materials, additional passes of the harrow shall be required, but in no case will more than [_____] [three] passes of the harrow on any one layer be required for this purpose. When the moisture content and the condition of the layer are satisfactory, the lift shall be compacted to a [minimum [80] [_____] percent relative density in accordance with ASTM D 4253 and ASTM D 4254] [with not less than [six] [_____] complete coverages of an approved vibratory roller]. In areas which are not accessible by roller, the fill shall be placed in layers not more than 100 mm 4 inches in uncompacted depth and compacted with an approved hand operated compactor to a density equal to that obtained in other areas which are accessible to rollers. Dumping, spreading, sprinkling, and compacting may be performed at the same time at different points along a section when there is sufficient area to permit these operations to proceed simultaneously. Compaction equipment shall be operated such that the strip being traversed by the roller shall overlap the rolled adjacent strip by not less than [____] [1] m [_____] [3] feet.

After the random rock has been placed and spread to the thickness specified herein, and oversized rock has been removed or broken down, compaction shall be accomplished by not less than [_____] [3-6] complete coverages of the specified [crawler tractor] [vibratory roller]. [ Each coverage of the tractor shall consist of sufficient trips to provide complete coverage of the area by the treads of the tractor. The tractor coverages specified shall be in addition to spreading operations.] [ The vibratory roller shall be operated such that the strip being traversed by the roller shall overlap the rolled adjacent strip by not less than [_____] [1] m [_____] [3] feet .]

[After a layer of material has been dumped and spread it shall be harrowed as required to break up and blend the fill materials and to obtain uniform moisture distribution. Harrowing shall be performed with a heavy disk plow, or other approved harrow, to the full depth of the layer. If one pass of the harrow does not accomplish the breaking up and blending of the materials, additional passes of the harrow shall be required, but in no case will more than [_____] [three] passes of the harrow on any one layer be required for this purpose.] [ When the moisture content and the condition of the layer are satisfactory, the lift shall be compacted by not less than [four] [_____] complete coverages of a tamper-type roller, or by not less than [three] [_____] complete coverages of a crawler-type tractor, or by not less than [two] [_____] complete coverages of a rubber-tired roller, all conforming to the requirements of paragraph EQUIPMENT.] [In areas which are not accessible by roller, the fill shall be placed in layers not more than 100 mm 4 inches in uncompacted depth and compacted with an approved hand operated compactor to a density equal to that obtained in other areas which are accessible to rollers.] [After preparation of the previous compacted layer to receive the new layer of fill the new layer shall be compacted by the controlled movement of the hauling equipment over the area of the fill.] Equipment shall be routed so as to prevent excessive rutting of the fill surface. Dumping, spreading, sprinkling, and compacting may be performed at the same time at different points along a section when there is sufficient area to permit these operations to proceed simultaneously.

No compaction other than that obtained by the controlled movement of the hauling equipment over the area of the fill is required. Equipment shall be routed so as to prevent excessive rutting of the fill surface.

Hydraulic fill shall be compacted as uncompacted fill. If the rehandled hydraulic fill is too dry to permit its placement by uncompacted full method, then the fill material shall be compacted using the method specified in paragraph [_____] [COMPACTION OF SEMICOMPACTED FILL].

Random earth fill within the limits of the Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) walls shall be placed and compacted in accordance with [the vendor's requirements, subject to the approval of the Contracting Officer] [requirements specified in Section [_____]].]

Coarse drainage gravel placed in the drains shall be placed in maximum [_____] [300] mm [_____] [12] inch loose lifts and compacted by not less than four (4) complete coverages with a [static] [vibratory] roller. Each lift of gravel within confined spaces which is not accessible to rollers shall be compacted by at least [_____] [3] complete coverages with a vibratory plate compactor [and as many additional coverages as necessary to achieve the same density obtained with full-size compaction equipment]. Filter sand placed along the existing rock fill shall be compacted in accordance with the requirements for the adjacent select earth fill material.

Fine drainage gravel placed in the drains shall be placed in maximum [_____] [300] mm [_____] [12] inch loose lifts and compacted by not less than four (4) complete coverages with a [static] [vibratory] roller. Each lift of gravel within confined spaces which is not accessible to rollers shall be compacted by at least three [_____] [3] complete coverages with a vibratory plate compactor [and as many additional coverages as necessary to achieve the same density obtained with full-size compaction equipment].

Heavy equipment for spreading and compacting fill shall not be operated within [_____] [1] m [_____] [4] feet of structures or utilities, except as otherwise specified herein. Material within [_____] [1] m [_____] [4] feet shall be compacted using appropriate hand operated compactors specified herein.

If the Contracting Officer determines that the desired compaction of any portion of the embankment is not achieved by the number of coverages specified, additional complete coverages shall be made over the surface area as directed by the Contracting Officer. Payment for additional rolling directed by the Contracting officer shall be made in accordance with Bid Item No. [_____] ADDITIONAL ROLLING FOR COMPACTION; however, no payment will be made for additional rolling not specifically directed by the Contracting Officer.]

Topsoil shall be placed on the embankment surfaces as shown on the contract drawings and as specified in SECTION [ 02922 02922 02922 SODDING] [_____]].

The Contractor shall establish and maintain quality control for clearing, grubbing, and stripping operations to assure compliance with contract requirements, and maintain records of the quality control for all construction operations including but not limited to the items indicated below. These records, as well as the records of corrective actions taken, shall be furnished to the Government in accordance with Section 01451A 01451A 01451A ContractorR QUALITY CONTROL.

Station to station limits, transverse clearing limits from applicable centerline; percentage of area complete; types of materials cleared.

Station to station limits, transverse grubbing limits from applicable centerline; percentage of area complete; type of material; filling of grubbed holes.

Station to station limits, transverse stripping limits from applicable centerline; percentage of area complete; type of material; depth of stripping.

The Contractor shall establish and maintain quality control for excavation operations to assure compliance with contract requirements, and maintain records of the Contractor's quality control for all construction operations including but not limited to the following:

Records of inspections and tests, as well as the records of corrective actions taken, shall be furnished to the Government in accordance with Section 01451A 01451A 01451A ContractorR QUALITY CONTROL.

[As a part of the Contractor Quality Control (CQC) system required by SECTION 01451A 01451A 01451A ContractorR QUALITY CONTROL, the] [The] Contractor shall establish and maintain field quality control for foundation preparation, embankment and backfill operations to assure compliance with contract requirements and maintain detailed records of field quality control for all operations including but not limited to the following:

The Contractor shall perform sufficient testing to insure that the fill is being constructed as specified. The testing program specified below shall be considered the minimum acceptable frequency of testing. This does not relieve the Contractor from the responsibility of performing additional testing, if required to ensure compliance with these specifications.

Suitability of materials for use in embankment and backfill.

Layout, maintaining existing drainage, moisture control, thickness of layers, removal of oversized material, spreading and compaction for embankment and backfill.

Surveys to verify that the dimensions, slopes, lines and grades conform to those shown on the drawings.[ Surveys to monitor settlement gages to measure foundation settlement.] [ Surveys to locate core boring locations and elevations to determine foundation settlement.]

During the life of this contract, the Government [or its Contractors] will perform quality assurance tests. The Contractor shall make available to the government [or its Contractors] the equipment to perform these test.

[On a daily basis, the] [The] Contractor shall furnish the inspection records and all material testing results, [the quantity of fill placed,] as well as the records of corrective action taken, in accordance with Section 01451A 01451A 01451A ContractorR QUALITY CONTROL.