Table of Contents
- Administration
- Environment
- Human Factors
- Operations
- Pavements
- Safety
- Structures
Introduction
In 2003, the Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center (TFHRC) published the first comprehensive listing of our research documents in the Technical Publications Catalog, October 1998 – September 2003. It cataloged more than 300 publications generated from research at our facility. The Technical Publications Catalog, October 2003 - September 2005
followed and included the two new categories of Administration and Materials. We are pleased to add to this wealth of information the Technical Publications Catalog, October 2005 – September 2006 – with the additional listings of fact sheets, flyers, product briefs, reports, summaries, and TechBriefs, that are available in print from our Federal Highway Administration Product Distribution Center and online at www.tfhrc.gov/tecpubcat/index.htm.
These three catalogs are
indispensable transportation research resources for engineers, transportation
specialists, policymakers, information specialists, and other interested
groups. Readers can immediately access most
publications online or order a copy from the source listed.
I hope you find this a
useful addition to your reference library. Questions or comments about this publication can be directed to Martha
Soneira at martha.soneira@fhwa.dot.gov or 202-493-3468.
Dennis C. Judycki
Associate Administrator
Research, Development, and
Technology
1 Administration
Administrative Reports
Organizational and Expertise Directory
FHWA-HRT-07-025
The Federal Highway Administration
Office of Research, Development, and Technology is organized into 8 offices
with 15 teams of experts in more than 30 transportation-related
disciplines. This publication lists the
Offices and Staff, including contact information.
http://www.tfhrc.gov/about/orgdirectory/index.htm
Fact Sheets
Asset Management Guide
FHWA-HRT-06-055
TAM is not a software or data base
system. It is a decision making process
for allocating resources. TAM provides
agencies with a strategic approach to managing transportation infrastructure
and enables agency leadership to view the big picture before deciding how to
deploy resources.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/resourcecenter/teams/finance/guide2a11.cfm
Listing of Priority, Market-Ready
Technologies and Innovations
FHWA-HRT-06-070
The Federal Highway Administration’s
Research & Technology Leadership Team endorses six new priority,
market-ready technologies and innovations. This document consists of the 2006 List of Priority, Market-Ready
Technologies and Innovations.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/crt/marketready/summary.pdf
Performance Plan Fiscal Year 2006-2007
FHWA-HRT-06-037
The Performance Plan covers the
strategic framework of the Federal Highway Administration’s mission and goals;
describes the Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center, its
R&D Office Projects and milestones, program support services, and RD&T
performance management. FHWA Research Library and http://www.tfhrc.gov/about/perfplan0607/index.htm
Summaries
FY 2005 Research Project Status Summary
FHWA-HRT-06-084
Over the past 2 years, the
Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center (TFHRC) researchers conducted 170
research projects in support of the Agency’s goals. Sixty-six of those projects were completed
during the Fiscal Year (FY) 2004/2005 plan timeframe. As a result, 50 ready-to-use products are now available to our customers. A total of 26 projects were completed in support of the Safety goal, and 40 projects were completed in support of the Mobility and Productivity goal. A number of these projects also support agency objectives in the Environment and National Homeland Security goal areas.
http://www.tfhrc.gov/about/06084/index.htm
2 Environment
Fact Sheets
Dispute Resolution Guidance for Environmental Streamlining
FHWA-HRT-06-059
The Federal Highway Administration worked with the U.S Institute for Environmental Conflict Resolution, Federal transportation and resource agencies, and State departments of transportation to develop a guidance document, Collaborative Problem Solving: Better and Streamlined Outcomes for All.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/crt/marketready/dispute.pdf
3 Human Factors
Summaries
Driver Attitudes and Behaviors at Intersections and Potential Effectiveness of Engineering Countermeasures
FHWA-HRT-05-158
This document is an executive summary of the report Driver Attitudes and Behaviors at Intersections and Potential Effectiveness of Engineering Countermeasures, FHWA-HRT-05-078, published by the Federal Highway Administration in November 2005.
http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pubs/05158/index.htm
Technical Reports
In-Vehicle Display Icons and Other
Information Elements Volume I: Guidelines
FHWA-RD-03-065
The key product of this project is a
set of clear, concise, and user-centered human factors design guidelines for
in-vehicle icon design. The guidelines
address issues such as the legibility, recognition, interpretation, and
evaluation of graphical and text-based icons and symbols. These guidelines provide IVIS developers with
key information regarding the use and integration of existing and new visual
symbols. In addition, the Icon IDEA
software tool developed in this project has provided a real-time icon
development and evaluation tool that, to-date, is receiving consistently
positive reviews from the project’s working group members. This tool is entirely functional and ready to
use, and should prove to be an invaluable aid and resource for icon design.
FHWA Research Library and http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pubs/03065/index.htm
Pedestrian Access to Roundabouts: Assessment of Motorists’ Yielding to Visually
Impaired Pedestrians and Potential Treatments to Improve Access
FHWA-HRT-05-080
This report describes two related
studies intended to address double-lane roundabout accessibility issues for
visually impaired pedestrians. The first
study was conducted on a closed course to evaluate the feasibility of a
pavement treatment to alert blind pedestrians when vehicles have yielded to them. The second study examined drivers; yielding
behavior at a two-lane roundabout and the effectiveness of the same roadway
treatment in an operational environment.
FHWA Research Library and http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pedbike/pubs/05080/index.htm
Human Factors Literature Reviews on Intersections, Speed Management, Pedestrians & Bicyclists, and Visibility
FHWA-HRT-06-034
The Federal Highway Administrations (FHWA) is currently addressing general safety areas, including examining driver behavior at intersections, developing tools and procedures for intersection design, and conducting human factors literature reviews for Safety research and
development (R&D) program areas such as Intersections, Speed Management,
Pedestrians and Bicyclists, and Visibility.
http://www.tfhrc.gov/humanfac/pubs/06034/index.htm
4 Operations
Brochures
ACS Lite
FHWA-HRT-06-083
A significant portion of traffic delays
in metropolitan areas are caused by poor traffic signal timing. ACS Lite, a reduced-scale version of the
Federal Highway Administration’s (FHWA) Adaptive Control Software (ACS), offers
small and medium-size communities a low-cost traffic control system that operates
in real time, adjusting signal timing to accommodate changing traffic patterns
and ease traffic congestion. ACS Lite
can be used with new signals or to retrofit existing traffic signals. It is designed for closed-loop systems,
providing cycle-by-cycle control.
http://www.tfhrc.gov/its/pubs/acsl/index.htm
Coordinated Freeway and Arterial Operations
FHWA-HRT-06-094
Coordinated freeway and arterial (CFA)
operations are the implementation of policies, strategies, plans, procedures,
and technologies that enable transportation practitioners to manage traffic on
freeways and adjacent arterials as a single corridor, rather than as individual
transportation facilities. The result of
CFA operations is improved mobility and safety and reduced environmental
impacts throughout the corridor.
http://www.tfhrc.gov/its/pubs/06094/index.htm
Fact Sheets
Maintenance Decision Support System (MDSS)
FHWA-HRT-06-039
Maintenance Decision Support System
(MDSS) is an enabling technology that integrates weather forecasting (both
atmospheric and surface weather conditions) with the state of the practice in
winter road maintenance. Managers are
better prepared for efficient use of personnel and equipment.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/crt/marketready/mdss.pdf
Transportation, Economics and Land Use
System (TELUS)
FHWA-HRT-06-049
TELUS is a fully integrated
information-management and decision support system to help MPOs and State DOTs
develop their transportation improvement programs and carry out other
transportation planning responsibilities, particularly, public participation in
the transportation planning.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/resourcecenter/teams/planning/plan_8tel.cfm
Improved Decision Making Using
Geographic Information Systems
FHWA-HRT-06-050
GIS is a system of computer hardware
and software that collects, stores, analyzes, and disseminates information
about areas of the earth. While GIS
often helps users create maps, the true power of GIS allows the user to
maximize the quality and use of spatial data to answer questions of where, how
far, how many, what size, and within what area.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/resourcecenter/teams/planning/plan_5gis.cfm
ITS Deployment Analysis System (IDAS)
FHWA-HRT-06-051
IDAS is a sketch-planning software
analysis tool that transportation practitioners can use to estimate the
benefits and costs of ITS investments. IDAS can predict relative costs and benefits for more than 60 types of
ITS investments. IDAS operates as a
post-processor to travel demand models, enabling the user to import data from a
travel demand model into the IDAS software to recreate the transportation
network under evaluation.
http://www/fhwa.dot.gov/crt/marketready/idas.pdf
511 Traveler Information
FHWA-HRT-06-053
USDOT is facilitating national
implementation of 511 systems to make real-time traveler information more
widely available to motorists. It is
working with a 511 Deployment Coalition that includes the American Association
of State Highway and Transportation Officials, the Intelligent Transportation
Society of America, and the American Public Transportation Association.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/resourcecenter/teams/operations/ops_1ti.cfm
DYNASMART-P
FHWA-HRT-06-060
DYNASMART-P is a dynamic traffic
assignment analysis tool that operates on recent versions of Microsoft
Windows. Transportation engineers and
planners can use DYNASMART-P to address complex and dynamic transportation
operations and planning issues, particularly in the ITS context.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/crt/marketready/dynasmart.pdf
Highway Economics Requirements Systems,
State Version (HERS-ST)
FHWA-HRT-06-063
HERS-ST is a user-friendly Microsoft ®
Windows ® application that helps transportation agencies plan and schedule
highway work and determine future highway system needs. This software uses engineering principles to
simulate future highway conditions and performance levels and identify
deficiencies. The program then applies
economic criteria to select the most cost-effective mix of improvements for
system-wide implementation.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/resourcecenter/teams/planning/plan_hers.cfm
Flyers
Intelligent Intersection Traffic Control Laboratory Fact Sheet
FHWA-HRT-06-102
The Intelligent Intersection Traffic Control Laboratory (IITCL) is an outdoor facility that supports the Federal Highway Administration’s various research programs and research activities conducted by other U.S. Department of Transportation agencies. The IITCL serves as a testing ground for intersection-related research projects and as a place to integrate and demonstrate advanced technologies.
FHWA
Research Library
Technical Reports
Support of the System Test and Analysis Program for the NDGPS Modernization Program
FHWA-HRT-02-110
The Nationwide Differential Global
Positioning System (NDGPS) Modernization Program is a multiageny effort to
examine the viability of long baseline carrier phase differential correction
techniques. Phase I of this program
analyzes broadcasting Global Positioning System observables from a single NDGPS
site, Hagerstown, MD, to
aid in determining the appropriate signal structure and compression techniques
to support long range carrier phase operations. Phase II will install a second facility near Hawk Run, PA, enabling
multiple baseline carrier and code phase navigation solutions.
http://www.tfhrc.gov/its/ndgps/02110/index.htm
Coordinated Freeway and Arterial
Operations Handbook
FHWA-HRT-06-095
The purpose of this document is to
provide direction, guidance, and recommendations for transportation managers,
engineers, and planners on how to proactively and comprehensively coordinate
freeway and arterial street operations.
FHWA
Research Library
5 Pavements
Fact Sheets
Pavement Smoothness Methodologies
FHWA-HRT-06-041
This document lists successful new
products that help improve the condition of the Nation’s highways, and the
National Highway Institute course on pavements smoothness measurement. The Pavement Profile Viewer Analyzer (ProVAL)
software is also discussed.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/resourcecenter/teams/pavement/pave_5PSM.pdf
Air Void Analyzer
FHWA-HRT-06-057
The presence of closely spaced air
voids in concrete is commonly singled out as the primary factor in improving
the freeze-thaw resistance of concrete. Researchers believe that as water expands during freezing, the pressure
the water develops increases in relation to the distance it must travel to
reach the nearest air void. Consequently, the more closely air voids in concrete are spaced, the
less likely it is that the pressure of freezing water will damage the concrete.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/resourcecenter/teams/pavement/pave_1AVA.pdf
Flyer
LTPP 2005
Year in Review
FHWA-HRT-06-086
In 2005, LTPP worked hard to develop a
new operational plan for the future under the Safe, Accountable Flexible,
Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A
Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU). A summary
of the plan is described in this publication. In addition, LTPP continued to focus on improving the quality and
quantity of data in the LTPP database, and on addressing gaps in the materials
and traffic data through the Materials Data Action Plan and Specific Pavement
Study (SPS) Traffic Data Collection Pooled Fund Study.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/ltpp/pubs/06086/ltpp2005yir.cfm
Newsletters
Pavement Research Progress Newsletter
FHWA-HRT-06-097
In response to a recent laboratory
assessment by our outside partners, FHWA’s Office of Research and Development’s
(R&D’s) Pavement Materials and Construction Team has developed this
informal, electronic publication to provide updates of ongoing research
activities. We hope you find it
informative and useful.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/pub_details.cfm?id=379
LTPP Newsletter, May/June 2006
FHWA-HRT-06-120
Passage of the Safe, Accountable,
Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU) required the Long-Term Pavement
Performance (LTPP) program to review its operations due to a reduction in
funds. This resulted in the LTPP
Operational Plan. One of the first
orders of business under LTPP Operational Plan was to make pavement performance
monitoring adjustments to optimize the use of program resources.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/ltpp/news/06mayjunnews.cfm
LTPP Newsletter, Fall 2006
FHWA-HRT-06-131
To help locate necessary information,
users of LTPP data can contact the LTPP Customer Support Service Center to find
specific data elements from the hundreds of tables in the LTPP database. This will help prevent researchers from
starting a project with all the information they thought was available and then
reporting inconclusive results due to insufficient data, only to find out that
much more data was available in a different part of the database.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/ltpp/news.cfm
Product Briefs
Long-Term Pavement Performance Program
(LTPP) Materials Reference Library (MRL)
FHWA-HRT-06-116
The purpose of this document is to
provide information to individuals interested in obtaining materials from the
Federal Highway Administration’s Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP)
Materials Reference Library (MRL).
FHWA
Research Library
2006 LTPP Product List
FHWA-HRT-06-119
The Federal Highway Administration’s
(FHWA) Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program is a 20-year study of
in-service pavements designed to provide the data required to understand how
and why pavements perform the way they do. This publication briefly describes: (1) Rigid Pavement Design software,
(2) Coefficient of Thermal Expansion of Concrete, (3) LTPP Bind 3.1 (4) Guide
for Determining Design Resilient Modulus Values for Unbound Materials, (5)
Verification of Dynamic Test System—Emphasis on MR, (6) Test Method for
Determining the Creep Compliance, MR, and Strength of Asphalt Materials Using
the Indirect Tensile Test Device, (7) Pavement Maintenance and Repair Manuals,
(8) LTPP Distress Identification Manual, (9) Guidelines for Temperature
Adjustment of FWD Results for AC Pavements, (9) ProVAL2.6, (10) Pavement
Smoothness Index Relationship, (11) LTPP Seasonal Monitoring Program CD-ROM,
(12) Standard Specification for Smoothness of Pavement at the Approaches to
Weigh-In-Motion Scales, AASHTO Designation MP 14-05, (13) DataPave Online, and
(14) LTPP Standard Data Release.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/ltpp/pubs/06119
TechBriefs
Improving Pavements With Long-Term Pavement Performance: Products for Today and Tomorrow
FHWA-RD-03-049
Improving the productivity and mobility of the National Highway Transportation System are key goals of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). During 2005, FHWA’s Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) program continued to work toward these goals through its efforts to provide answers to “how” and “why” pavements perform as they do. To better understand pavement performance, the LTPP program gathers and processes data describing the structure, service conditions, and performance of more than
2,400 pavement test sections in North America. Highway engineers can use these data and
findings from the analyses conducted to date to help them make decisions
leading to more cost-effective and better performing pavements.
FHWA
Research Library and http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/ltpp/pubs/06086/ltpp2005yir.cfm
The Concrete Pavement Road Map
FHWA-HRT-05-074
The Concrete Pavement (CP) Road Map is
a plan for concrete pavement research that will guide the investment of
research dollars for the next several years. This TechBrief is a summary of FHWA-HRT-05-052 Concrete Pavement Road
Map Volume I and FHWA-HRT-05-053.
FHWA
Research Library and http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/pccp/pubs/05074/
Quantification of Smoothness Index
Differences Related to LTPP Equipment Type
FHWA-HRT-06-064
Researchers in the Long-Term Pavement
Performance (LTPP) program are conducting a major data collection effort. They are using an inertial profiler to
collect longitudinal profile data at regular intervals on two wheel paths
located along the LTPP program test sections. In the LTPP programs, the United
States and Canadian Provinces are divided into four regions for the purposes of data collection, and a regional support contractor (RSC) operates an inertial profiler in each region. Recommendations for LTPP Profiler data collection
and processing procedures and comparisons are given in this TechBrief.
FHWA
Research Library
Selecting
Candidate Structures for Lithium Treatment: What To Provide the Petrographer Along With Concrete Specimens
FHWA-HRT-06-069
This TechBrief describes the process of selecting candidate structures for lithium treatment. Sampling components of the structures for laboratory investigations, particularly petrographic examination, and expansion tests is covered.
FHWA Research Library and http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/pccp/pubs/06069/
Protocol to Identify Incompatible Combinations of Concrete Materials
FHWA-HRT-06-082
This TechBrief summarizes the findings in FHWA-HRT-06-080 Identifying Incompatible Combinations of Concrete Materials,
Volume II – Test Protocol.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/concrete/06082/
LTPP Data Analysis: Optimization of
Traffic Data Collection for Specific Pavement Design Applications
FHWA-HRT-06-111
The Long-Term Pavement Performance
(LTPP) program conducted a study to establish the relationship between the
traffic data collection effort, including the combination of traffic data
acquisition technologies and length of time coverage, and the variability in
predicted pavement life using the M-E PDG. For the study, researchers used extended coverage WIM data from the LTPP
Standard Data Release (SDR) 16.0 to simulate a wide range of traffic data
collection scenarios. Analysis,
conclusions and application is presented in this TechBrief.
FHWA
Research Library
Technical Reports
Structural
Factors of Jointed Plain Concrete Pavements; SPS-2 – Initial Evaluation and
Analysis
FHWA-RD-01-167
The SPS-2 experiment, Strategic Study
of Structural Factors for Jointed Plain Concrete Pavements (JPCP), is one of
the key components of the LTPP program. The main objective of this experiment is to determine the relative
influence and long-term effectiveness of JPCP design features (including slab
thickness, PCC flexural strength, base type and drainage, and slab width) and
site conditions (traffic, sub-grade type, climate) on performance. This report documents the first comprehensive
review and evaluations of the SPS-2 experiment. Thirteen SPS-2 projects have been constructed with one additional site
under construction. At each site, there
are 12 core sections plus various numbers of supplemental sections.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/ltpp/01167/
Rehabilitation of Asphalt Concrete
Pavements – Initial Evaluation of the SPS-5 Experiment Final Report
FHWA-RD-01-168
The SPS-5 experiment, entitled
Rehabilitation of Asphalt Concrete Pavements, is one of the key experiments of
the LTPP program. The objective of this
experiment is to determine the relative influence and long-term effectiveness
of different rehabilitation techniques (including overlay thickness, material,
and surface preparation) and site conditions (traffic, pre-existing pavement
condition, and climatic factors) on performance. This report documents the first comprehensive
review and evaluation of data completeness and availability from the SPS-5
experiment. Eighteen SPS-5 projects have
been identified. At each site there are
nine core test sections. Some SPS-5
projects also have various supplemental sections. 210 test sections are included in the SPS-5
experiment.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/pccp/pubs/01168/
Rehabilitation of Jointed Portland
Cement Concrete Pavements: SPS-5 Initial
Evaluation and Analysis
FHWA-RD-01-169
The Specific Pavement Studies 6 (SPS-6)
experiment, “Rehabilitation of Jointed Portland Cement Concrete Pavements,” was
designed as a controlled field experiment that focuses on the study of specific
rehabilitation design features of jointed plain concrete pavements (JPCP) and
jointed reinforced concrete pavements (JRCP). This experiment examines the effects of climatic regions (wet-freeze, wet-no
freeze, or dry-no freeze), type of concrete pavement (plain or reinforced),
condition of existing pavement prior to rehabilitation (fair or poor), and
traffic rate (as a covariant), incorporating the different methods of
rehabilitation with and without asphalt concrete (AC) overlays. This report documents the first comprehensive
review and evaluation of the SPS-6 experiment. Fourteen SPS-6 projects have been constructed. At each site, there are eight core sections
plus various numbers of supplemental sections.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/ltpp/pubs/01169/
LTPP Materials Characterization Program: Verification of Dynamic Test Systems with an Emphasis on Resilient Modulus
FHWA-RD-02-034
This document describes a procedure for
verifying a dynamic testing system (closed-loop servohydraulic). The procedure is divided into three general
phases: (1) electronic system performance verification, (2) calibration check
and overall system performance verification, and (3) proficiency testing. This procedure may be used to evaluate a wide
range of equipment and has applications to many test procedures. Implementation of this procedure in the
Federal Highway Administration contractor laboratories has greatly reduced the
within-and between-lab variability associated with the Long-Term Pavement
Performance resilient modulus test procedures.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/ltpp/pubs/02034/
Highway Concrete Pavement Technology
Development and Testing: Volume I –
Field Evaluation of Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) C-202 Test Sites
(Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR)
FHWA-RD-02-082
This study consists of continued field
evaluations of treatments to four pavements suffering from distress due to
alkali-silica reaction (ASR). One set of
treatments was evaluated on existing pavements in Delaware, California, and Nevada that
already showed ASR-related distress. Two
of the existing pavements were located in relatively dry environments, while
the third was located in a moderately wet environment. The fourth site, in New
Mexico, consisted of treatments on newly constructed
pavements built with known reactive aggregates.
FHWA Research Library and http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/pccp/pubs/02082/
Highway Concrete Pavement Technology
Development and Testing: Volume II – Field Evaluation of Strategic Highway
Research Program (SHRP) C-203 Test Sites (Freeze-Thaw Resistance)
FHWA-RD-02-083
Field test sections were constructed
during 1992 as part of the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP)
investigation of the frost resistance of concrete. The first freeze-thaw related deterioration
expected for pavement concrete exposed to de-icing salt would be salt
scaling. The D-cracking mitigation study
indicated that in many cases the D-cracking returned after 6 years, independent
of the mitigation technique tried.
FHWA
Research Library and http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/pccp/pubs/02083/
Highway Concrete Pavement Technology
Development and Testing: Volume III – Field Evaluation of Strategic Highway
Research Program (SHRP) C-205 Test Sites (High Performance Concrete)
FHWA-RD-02-084
This Research study, sponsored by the
Federal Highway Administration, summarizes the field performance of eight
high-early-strength (HES) concrete patches between 1994 and 1998. The patches were constructed mainly with Type
III cement, four different types of coarse aggregate, and three different types
of fine aggregate. Some of the results
of interest include the effect of water reducer type, curing method, and
aggregate type on long-term durability. The report also presents comparisons of the rapid chloride permeability
and AC impedance test results and the rate of strength gain for the mixes
evaluated.
FHWA
Research Library and http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/pccp/pubs/02084/
Highway Concrete Pavement Technology
Development and Testing: Volume IV-Field Evaluation of Strategic Highway
Research Program (SHRP) C-206 Test Sites (Early Opening of Full-Depth Pavement
Repairs)
FHWA-RD-02-085
The objective of this study was to
monitor and evaluate the performance of experimental full-depth repairs made
with high-early-strength (HES) materials placed under Strategic Highway
Research Program (SHRP) project C-206, Optimization of Highway Concrete
Technology. The scope of this study
included 5-year monitoring of SHRP C-206 full-depth experiment sections,
analyzing the data, and revising the guidelines for early opening of full-depth
PCC pavement repairs as needed. The
monitoring program consisted of annual visual distress surveys to monitor the
development of cracking, faulting, and spalling.
FHWA
Research Library
Highway Concrete Pavement Technology
Development and Testing: Volume V-Field Evaluation of Strategic Highway
Research Program (SHRP) C-206 Test Sites (Bridge Deck Overlays)
FHWA-RD-02-086
Two types of concrete overlays and
latex-modified Type III Portland cement concrete were installed and tested as
part of the Strategic Highway Research Program Project: Optimization of Highway
Concrete Technology--Bridge Deck Overlays. This report summarized the 5-year study to evaluate the long-term
performance of the overlays.
FHWA
Research Library and http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/pccp/pubs/02086/
Verification of Long-Term Pavement Performance Virtual Weather
Stations: Phase I Report — Accuracy and Reliability of Virtual Weather Stations
FHWA-RD-03-092
This report documents a study
undertaken to examine the reliability and accuracy of the LTPP climatic data.
The study confirmed that accurate daily, monthly, and yearly estimates of
climatic data for a project location can be derived by using the NCDC weather
data for several nearby weather stations. The variation in the climatic data
was also characterized.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/ltpp/pubs/03092/
Seasonal Variations in the Moduli of
Unbound Pavement Layers
FHWA-HRT-04-079
The in situ moduli of unbound pavement
materials vary on a seasonal basis as a function of temperature and moisture
conditions. Knowledge of these variations is required for accurate prediction
of pavement life for pavement design and other pavement management activities.
The primary objective of this study is to advance the rational estimation of
seasonal variations in back-calculated pavement layer moduli using data
collected via the Seasonal Monitoring Program of the Long-Term Pavement
Performance Program. Principal components of this endeavor included: evaluation
of the moisture predictive capabilities of the Enhanced Integrated Climatic
Model (EICM); development of empirical models to predict back-calculated
pavement layer moduli as a function of moisture content, stress state, and
other explanatory variables; and trial application of the models developed to
prediction back-calculated moduli for unbound pavement layers.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/ltpp/pubs/04079/
Computer-Based Guidelines for Concrete
Pavements, Volume III: Technical Appendices
FHWA-HRT-04-127
This report documents enhancements
incorporated in the (High PERformance PAVing) HIPERPAV II software. Enhancements made within this project include
the addition of two major modules: a module to predict the performance of JPCP
as affected by early-age factors; and a module to predict the early-age
behavior and early life of CRCP. Two
additional FHWA studies were also incorporated: one that predicts dowel bearing
stresses as a function of environmental loading during the early age; and a
module for optimization of concrete paving mixes as a function of 3-day
strength, 28-day strength, and cost. Additional functionality to the software was also incorporated by
reviewing and prioritizing the feedback provided by users of the first
generation of the software, HIPERPAV I.
FHWA
Research Library
Long-Term Plan for Concrete Pavement Research and Technology--The Concrete Pavement Road Map: Volume I, Background and Summary
FHWA-HRT-05-052
The Long-Term Plan for Concrete
Pavement Research and Technology (CP Road Map) is a holistic, strategic plan
for concrete pavement research and technology transfer. The CP Road Map is a 7-10-year plan that
includes 12 distinct but integrated research tracks leading to specific
products and processes. Volume I
describes why the research plan is needed, how it was developed, and generally,
what the plan includes.
FHWA
Research Library and NTIS and http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/pccp/pubs/05052/
Long-Term Plan for Concrete Pavement
Research and Technology--The Concrete
Pavement Road Map: Volume II, Tracks
FHWA-HRT-05-053
The Long-Term Plan for Concrete
Pavement Research and Technology (CP Road Map) is a holistic, strategic plan
for concrete pavement research and technology transfer. The CP Road Map is a 7-10-year plan that
includes 12 distinct but integrated research tracks leading to specific
products and processes. Volume II
describes in detail the 12 track action items, a list of
subtracks, and detailed problem statements within each subtrack.
FHWA Research Library and http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/pccp/pubs/05053/
Achieving a High Level of Smoothness in
Concrete Pavements Without Sacrificing Long-Term Performance
FHWA-HRT-05-068
In a PCC pavement, it is important to
achieve both a high level of smoothness during construction, as well as a
satisfactory long-term performance. This
report: (1) assesses whether high initial smoothness translates into better
long-term performance, (2) identifies design features and materials properties
in PCC pavements that can cause an initially smooth pavement to exhibit
detrimental long-term performance, (3) provides guidance on materials
properties, design features, and construction procedures to avoid these
detrimental effects, (4) investigates how the smoothness of a PCC pavement
measured immediately after construction can change over the short term, and (5)
looks at data collection issues related to lightweight inertial profilers.
FHWA
Research Library
Optimization of Traffic Data Collection
for Specific Pavement Design Applications
FHWA-HRT-05-079
The objective of this study is to
establish the minimum traffic data collection effort required for pavement
design applications satisfying a maximum acceptable error under a prescribed
confidence level.
FHWA Research Library and http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/ltpp/pubs/05079/index.cfm
Review of the Long-Term Pavement
Performance Backcalculation Results—Final Report
FHWA-HRT-05-150
A new approach to determine layered
elastic moduli from in situ load-deflection data was developed. This
“forwardcalculation” approach differs from backcalculation in that modulus
estimates come directly from the load and deflection data using closed-form
formulae rather iteration. The forwardcalculation equations are used for the subgrade and the bound surface course for both flexible and rigid pavement falling weight deflectometer (FWD)
data. Intermediate layer moduli are estimated through commonly used modular
ratios between adjacent layers.
FHWA
Research Library and http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/ltpp/pubs/05150/
Guidelines for Review and
Evaluation of Backcalculation Results
FHWA-HRT-05-152
This document presets a new approach to
determining layered elastic moduli from in situ load-deflection data, which was
developed under the Federal Highway Administration's project for reviewing
Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) Backcalculation data. This approach is
called forward calculation, and it differs from Backcalculation in that modulus
estimates are calculated directly from the load and deflection data using
closed-form formulae rather than through iteration. The closed-form forward
calculation equations are used for the subgrade and the bound surface course,
respectively, for both flexible and rigid pavement falling weight deflectometer
(FWD) data. Intermediate layer moduli are estimated through commonly used
modular ratios between adjacent layers.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/ltpp/pubs/05152/
Identifying Incompatible
Combinations of Concrete Materials: Volume I--Final Report
FHWA-HRT-06-079
Unexpected interactions between otherwise
acceptable ingredients in Portland cement concrete are becoming increasingly
common as cementitious systems become more complex and demands on the systems
are more rigorous. Such
incompatibilities are exhibited as early stiffening or excessive retardation,
potential for uncontrolled early-age cracking, and unstable or unacceptable air
void systems. A number of test methods
have been reviewed to assess their usefulness in detecting
incompatibility. A protocol has been
developed to allow product manufactures, and concrete producers to monitor
their materials and concrete systems. This report is the first of two volumes.
FHWA Research Library
Identifying Incompatible
Combinations of Concrete Materials: Volume II--Test Protocol
FHWA-HRT-06-080
Unexpected interactions between
otherwise acceptable ingredients in Portland cement concrete are becoming
increasingly common as cementitious systems become more complex and demands on
the systems are more rigorous. Several
test methods have been reviewed to assess their usefulness in early detection of
incompatibility, and thus prevent pavement field problems. A protocol has been developed to allow
product manufacturers, concrete producers, contractors, and owners to monitor
materials and concrete systems. The
protocol has two phases: relatively simple field tests to provide early
warnings of potential problems and central laboratory tests to support and
confirm the field work.
FHWA Research Library
Review of the Long-Term Pavement
Performance Backcalculation Results--Final Report
FHWA-HRT-06-150
A new approach to determine layered
elastic moduli from in situ load-deflection data was developed. This “forward
calculation” approach differs from backcalculation in that modulus estimates
come directly from the load and deflection data using closed-formulae rather
iteration. The forward calculation
equations are used for the subgrade and the bound surface course for both
flexible and rigid pavement falling weight deflectometer (FWD) data. Intermediate layer moduli are estimated
through commonly used modular ratios between adjacent layers.
FHWA Research Library
6 Safety
Brochures
Safety Analyst Brochure
FHWA-HRT-06-124
SafetyAnalyst is a set of software
tools under development to help State and local highway agencies advance their
programming of site-specific safety improvements. SafetyAnalyst will
incorporate state-of-the-art approaches to safety management to guide the
decisionmaking process on safety improvement needs and a system wide program of
improvement projects. SafetyAnalyst also will include economic analysis tools
to ensure that transportation agencies get the greatest possible benefit from
each dollar committed to improving highway safety.
http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pubs/06124/index.htm
Fact Sheets
PedSafe
FHWA-HRT-06-042
The tools available in the Pedestrian
Safety Guide and Countermeasure Selection System (PEDSAFE) are designed to
enable practitioners to effectively select and review engineering, education,
or enforcement treatments to mitigate a known crash problem or to help change
motorist and/or pedestrian behaviors.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/crt/marketready/pedsafe.pdf
QuickZone
FHWA-HRT-06-044
QuickZone is a traffic impact analysis
tool that can be used to estimate work zone delays. An enhanced second version of QuickZone,
known as QuickZone 2.0, was released in February 2005. This new version adds a graphical user
interface for network development, an enhanced cost analysis tool, and the
capability for modeling two-way, one-lane operations.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/crt/marketready/quickzone.pdf
Red Light Cameras
FHWA-HRT-06-045
Red light camera (RLC) technology can
make intersections safer. RLCs detect a
motor vehicle that passes over sensors in the pavement after a traffic signal
has turned red. The sensors are
connected to computers in high-speed cameras, which take two photographs of the
violation.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/crt/marketready/redlight.pdf
Road Safety Audits
FHWA-HRT-06-046
Road safety audits (RSA) are a formal
safety performance examination of an existing or future road or intersection by
an independent audit team. These
step-by-step procedures can be performed during any or all stages of a project,
including the planning, preliminary design, detailed design, traffic control,
construction planning, or preopening stages.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/crt/marketready/roadsafety.pdf
Roundabouts
FHWA-HRT-06-047
A roundabout is a one-way, circular
intersection in which traffic flows around a center island. Roundabouts are designed to meet the needs of
all road users--drivers, pedestrians, pedestrians with disabilities, and
bicyclists. A roundabout eliminates some
of the conflicting traffic, such as left turns, which cause crashes at
traditional intersections. Because
roundabout traffic enters or exits only through right turns, the occurrence of
severe crashes is substantially reduced.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/crt/marketready/roundabouts.pdf
Rumble Strips
FHWA-HRT-06-048
Rumble strips are raised or grooved
patterns on the roadway shoulder that provide both an audible warning and a
physical vibration to alert drivers that they are leaving the driving
land. In addition to warning inattentive
drivers, rumble strips help drivers stay on the road during inclement weather
when visibility is poor.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/crt/marketready/rumblestrips.pdf
Cable Median Barriers
FHWA-HRT-06-058
Median crossover crashes often result
in fatalities or severe injuries to occupants of the errant vehicle and the
motorists in the opposing traffic lanes. State departments of transportation are interested in reducing median
crossover crashes through the use of median barriers. As an alternative to concrete and metal beam
barriers, some States are turning to cable median barriers in areas where there
is sufficient median width and a high potential for crashes.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/crt/marketready/cable.pdf
Federal Outdoor Impact Laboratory
FHWA-HRT-06-107
The Federal Outdoor Impact Laboratory
(FOIL) is a fully equipped outdoor crash testing laboratory and research
facility used to support the Federal Highway Administration's (FHWA) Safety
Research and Development (R&D) programs and other federally funded security
initiatives. Researchers use the facility to extend their understanding of
crash events by staging controlled, high-speed motor vehicle collisions. The
facility typically is used to confirm the accuracy of computer-generated crash
predictions.
http://www.tfhrc.gov/about/foil.htm
FHWA/NHTSA National Crash Analysis
Center Fact Sheet
FHWA-HRT-06-110
The National Crash Analysis Center
(NCAC) is a globally unique storehouse of safety expertise and information that
focuses on advancing new technologies and tools for crash analysis. NCAC primarily supports the U.S. Department
of Transportation's strategic goal to reduce fatalities and injuries on the
Nation's roadways, but has served to enhance efforts to improve safety
worldwide. The missions,
accomplishments, current activities, future activities, partnerships and
customers of the NCAC are discussed in this Fact Sheet.
FHWA
Research Library
Flyers
Interactive Highway Safety Design Model
FHWA-HRT-06-100
A suite of evaluation modules offers
comprehensive assessment capabilities. There are five evaluation modules in the public release of IHSDM for
two-lane rural highways. Research and
development efforts are underway to add evaluation capabilities for multilane
rural highways and urban and suburban arterials.
FHWA
Research Library
TechBriefs
Evaluation of Safety, Design, and
Operation of Shared-Use Paths
FHWA-HRT-05-139
This TechBrief is a summary of
Evaluation of Safety, Design, and Operation of Shared-Use Paths: Final Report,
FHWA-HRT-05-137.
FHWA
Research Library and http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pubs/05139/index.htm
Federal Highway Administration University Course on
Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation
FHWA-HRT-06-065
The second edition of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) University Course on Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation, a set of resources designed to provide background materials for
an undergraduate or graduate university course on bicycling and walking, is now
available from the FHWA. The FHWA
distributes this teaching resource to stimulate the development of nation-wide
university courses on bicycle and pedestrian transportation. This TechBrief lists the teaching materials
available.
FHWA Research Library and http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pedbike/pubs/06065/index.htm
Technical Reports
Evaluation of LS-DYNA Wood Material
Model 143
FHWA-HRT-04-096
Calculations are performed with the finite element code LS-DYNA to evaluate the performance of wood material model 143 and to set default material properties for southern yellow pine and Douglas fir. Correlations with published test data include static bending and compression simulations of dry timbers, static bending of saturated posts, and dynamic simulation of saturated posts impacted by bogie vehicles.
FHWA Research Library and http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pubs/04096/index.htm
Safety Effects of Marked Versus
Unmarked Crosswalks at Uncontrolled Locations, Final Report and Recommended
Guidelines
FHWA-HRT-04-100
The purpose of this study was to
determine whether marked crosswalks at uncontrolled locations are safer than
unmarked crosswalks under various traffic and roadway conditions. Another objective was to provide
recommendations on how to provide safer crossings for pedestrians. This study involved an analysis of 5 years of
pedestrian crashes at 1,000 marked crosswalks and 1,000 matched unmarked
comparison sites. All sites in this
study had no traffic signal or stop sign on the approaches.
FHWA Research Library and http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pubs/04100/index.htm
Enhanced Night Visibility Series Executive Summary
FHWA-HRT-04-132
This volume, an executive summary of
the Enhanced Night Visibility project, is the first of 18 volumes that report
on the project's evaluation of the merit of implementing supplemental ultraviolet
headlamps, supplemental infrared systems, and other vision enhancement systems
(VESs) to enhance drivers' nighttime roadway safety. The entire project
evaluated 18 VESs in terms of their ability to provide object detection and
recognition. Objects included scenarios with pedestrians standing or walking in
different locations on the roadway. Pedestrians were dressed in black, white,
or blue clothing to produce varying levels of contrast with their surroundings.
Detection and recognition testing took place in clear weather, rain, snow, and
fog conditions. Project research also evaluated a subset of the VESs for their
effect on drivers' disability and discomfort glare.
http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/hsis/pubs/04132/index.htm
Enhanced Night Visibility Series,
Volume III: Phase II—Study 1: Visual Performance During Nighttime Driving in
Clear Weather
FHWA-HRT-04-134
Phase II—Study 1 was performed as a
stepping stone to expand the knowledge of how different vision enhancement
systems can affect detection and recognition of different types of objects. The
empirical testing for this study was performed on the Smart
Road testing facility during clear weather
conditions. A total of 30 participants were involved in the study. A 12 by 9 by
3 mixed-factorial design was used to investigate the effects of different types of vision enhancement
systems, types of objects on the roadway, and driver’s age on detection and
recognition distances; subjective evaluations were obtained for the different
systems as well.
http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/hsis/pubs/04134/index.htm
Enhanced Night Visibility Series, Volume IV: Phase II—Study 2: Visual Performance During Nighttime Driving in Rain
FHWA-HRT-04-135
Phase II, Study 2 (rainy weather) was performed following the same procedures used for Study 1 (clear weather). Study 2 helped expand the knowledge of how current vision enhancement systems can affect detection and recognition of different types of objects while driving during
adverse weather, specifically during rain conditions. The empirical testing for
this study was performed on the Virginia Smart Road; the rain was controlled by weather making
equipment. Thirty participants were involved in the study. A 12 by 7 by 3 mixed
factorial design was used to investigate the effects of different types of
vision enhancement systems, different types of objects on the roadway, and
driver’s age on detection and recognition distances; subjective evaluations
also were obtained for the different vision enhancement systems.
http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/hsis/pubs/04135/index.htm
Enhanced Nighttime Visibility Phase
II-Study 3: Visual Performance During Nighttime Driving Under Adverse Weather
Conditions-Snow, Volume V
FHWA-HRT-04-136
Phase II, Study 3 was part of the
Enhanced Night Visibility project, a larger research effort investigating drivers'
visual performance during nighttime driving. Study 3 helped expand the
knowledge of how current vision enhancement systems can affect detection and
recognition of different types of objects during adverse weather, specifically
for snow conditions. A total of 20 participants detected and recognized
different roadway objects while driving experimental vehicles equipped with
various headlamps in a snow condition. A 4 by 3 by 2 mixed factorial design was
used to investigate the effects of the different types of vision enhancement
systems, the types of objects on the roadway, and driver's age on detection and
recognition distances. Subjective evaluations for the different systems were
obtained as well.
http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/hsis/pubs/04136/index.htm
Enhanced Night Visibility Series,
Volume VII: Phase II—Study 5: Evaluation of Discomfort Glare During Nighttime
Driving in Clear Weather
FHWA-HRT-04-138
Phase II—Study 5 helped expand the
knowledge of how current vision enhancement systems (VESs) affect the
discomfort glare experienced by nighttime drivers. The empirical testing for
this study was performed on the Smart
Road. Sixty participants were involved in
the study, which consisted of two data collection efforts. An 11 (VES) by 3
(Age) experimental design was used to investigate the effects of different
types of VESs and driver’s age on discomfort glare. In addition, an evaluation
of the Schmidt-Clausen and Bindels equation was performed to determine its
predictive value in driving scenarios with oncoming glare.
http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/hsis/pubs/04138/index.htm
Enhanced Night Visibility Series,
Volume VIII: Phase II—Study 6: Detection
of Pavement Markings During Nighttime Driving in Clear Weather
FHWA-HRT-04-139
Phase II—Study 6 was part of the
Enhanced Night Visibility project, a larger research effort investigating
drivers' visual performance during nighttime driving. Study 6 evaluated the
possibility of improving the detection distances of pavement markings through
the use of fluorescent materials, combined with augmentation of vehicle
headlamps with UV–A sources. Three different pavement marking materials and 11
headlamp configurations—vision enhancement systems (VESs)—were evaluated. The
VESs studied included halogen low beam (HLB), high intensity discharge (HID),
halogen high beam (HHB), and high output halogen (HOH) sources. Both the HLB
and HID configurations were used in the systems augmented with UV–A sources.
The pavement marking materials included fluorescent paint, fluorescent
thermoplastic, and a two-component liquid system.
http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/hsis/pubs/04139/index.htm
Enhanced Night Visibility Series,
Volume IX: Phase II—Characterization of Experimental Objects
FHWA-HRT-04-140
The Enhanced Night Visibility (ENV)
project is a series of experiments undertaken to investigate different visual
enhancement systems (VES) for the nighttime driving task. The purpose of this
portion of the ENV project is to establish the photometric nature of the
objects presented to the observer. The photometric measurements of interest are
the headlamp illuminance, object luminance, and the background luminance. Other
calculated parameters were established such as object contrast with the
background, reflectance of the objects, and object visibility level. The
measurements were taken and calculated for 11 VESs and 8 object types.
http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/hsis/pubs/04140/index.htm
Enhanced Night Visibility Series,
Volume XII: Overview of Phase II and Development of Phase III Experimental Plan
FHWA-HRT-04-143
This volume provides an overview of the
six studies that compose Phase II of the Enhanced Night Visibility project and
the experimental plan for its third and final portion, Phase III. The Phase II
studies evaluated up to 12 vision enhancement systems in terms of drivers’
ability to detect and recognize objects, visibility of pavement markings, and
discomfort caused by glare from oncoming headlamps. Drivers’ ability to detect
and recognize objects was assessed in clear, rain, fog, and snow conditions.
The results indicated that supplemental ultraviolet headlamps do not provide
sufficient benefit to justify further testing. The performance of supplemental
infrared (IR) vision enhancement systems, on the other hand, was robust enough
to suggest further investigation. As a result, additional IR testing,
disability glare testing, and off-axis object detection on the Virginia Smart
Road were proposed as a replacement for public road Phase III testing with
UV–A. The details of the experimental plan for each of these testing areas are
provided in the Phase III portion of this report.
http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/hsis/pubs/04143/index.htm
Enhanced Night Visibility Series,
Volume XIII: Phase III—Study 1:
Comparison of Near Infrared, Far Infrared, High Intensity Discharge, and
Halogen Headlamps on Object Detection in Nighttime Clear Weather
FHWA-HRT-04-144
Phase III—Study 1 was performed to
further explore findings on far infrared (FIR) systems from Phase II, to
investigate near infrared (NIR) and high intensity discharge (HID)
technologies, and to investigate detection and recognition of retroreflective
infrastructure components. The empirical testing for this study was performed
at the Virginia Smart Road testing
facility during clear weather conditions. A total of 18 participants were
involved in the study. A 6 by 3 by 17 mixed-factorial design was used to
investigate the effects of 6 different types of vision enhancement systems, 3
age groups, and 17 object presentations on detection and recognition distances;
subjective evaluations were obtained for the different systems as well. The results of the empirical testing suggest
that infrared (IR) systems, when designed correctly, can provide pedestrian
detection benefit in clear weather, particularly for pedestrians in dark
clothing and veiled in the glare of oncoming headlamps. A wider field of view
display appears to facilitate detection in curves of 1,250-m radius.
Retroreflective objects may be detected earlier in an NIR display, but require
direct visual observation to recognize the object or read signage. HID systems
did not provide detection benefit over the baseline halogen headlamps tested.
http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/hsis/pubs/04144/index.htm
Enhanced Night Visibility Series, Volume XIV: Phase III—Study 2: Comparison of Near Infrared, Far Infrared, and Halogen Headlamps on Object Detection in Nighttime Rain
FHWA-HRT-04-145
Enhanced Night Visibility Series Phase
III, Study 2 (rainy weather) was performed following the same procedures used
for Phase III, Study 1 (clear weather). Study 2 served to expand the knowledge
of how current vision enhancement systems can affect detection and recognition
of different types of objects while driving during adverse weather,
specifically during rainy conditions. The empirical testing for this study was
performed on the Virginia Smart Road; the rain
was controlled by weather-making equipment. Fifteen participants were involved
in the study. A 4 by 8 by 3 mixed factorial design was used to investigate the
effects of different types of vision enhancement systems, different types of
objects on the roadway, and driver’s age on detection and recognition
distances; subjective evaluations also were obtained for the different vision
enhancement systems.
http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/hsis/pubs/04145/index.htm
Enhanced Night Visibility Series, Volume XVI: Phase III—Characterization of Experimental Objects
FHWA-HRT-04-147
The Enhanced Night Visibility (ENV)
project is a series of experiments undertaken to investigate different visual
enhancement systems (VES) for the nighttime driving task. The purpose of this
characterization activity is to establish the photometric nature of the objects
presented to the observer during the ENV Phase III studies, which assessed
headlamp beam patterns as well as the influence of infrared (IR) technology on
object detection. The photometric measurements of interest are the object
luminance and the background luminance. Other calculated parameters were
established such as object contrast with the background and object visibility
level. The measurements were taken at the threshold of detection and calculated
for three visible-light VESs and three IR VESs.
http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/hsis/pubs/04147/index.htm
Enhanced Night Visibility Series,
Volume XVII: Phases II and III—Characterization of Experimental Vision
Enhancement Systems
FHWA-HRT-04-148
This report is a summary of the
photometric characterization of the headlamps that were included in the vision
enhancement systems used for the Enhanced Night Visibility (ENV) project. Each
of the visible light and ultraviolet sources used for the visibility studies
have been photometrically characterized and documented in this report. The
report also contains a discussion of the headlamp aiming method.
http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/hsis/pubs/04148/index.htm
Enhanced Night Visibility Series Volume XVIII: Overview of Phase III
FHWA-HRT-04-149
This volume provides an overview of the
three studies that compose Phase III of the Enhanced Night Visibility project.
The first study compared two prototype near infrared (NIR) vision enhancement
systems (VESs), an infrared thermal imaging system (IR–TIS), and three
headlamp-only systems in terms of drivers' nighttime detection and recognition
of 17 objects. The objects included pedestrians on both sides of straight and
curved sections of the road, roadway signs, and obstacles. A subset of the VESs
and objects also were tested in rain conditions. The results indicated that
both NIR and IR–TIS, if correctly implemented, provided additional detection
benefit over headlamps alone for pedestrians in clear conditions. In rain
conditions, the NIR also benefited object detection. A disability and
discomfort glare study was also conducted with four high intensity discharge
lamps and one halogen low-beam lamp. The results indicated that maximum
illumination was the best predictor of driver discomfort and disability.
http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pubs/04149/index.htm
Safety Effects of Differential Speed
Limits on Rural Interstate Highways
FHWA-HRT-05-042
For the visible-light VESs, the photometric
data showed the influence of the headlamp distribution and the suitability of
the various metrics to predict object visibility. For the IR systems, the data
gave an indication of the usage of the in-vehicle systems and their distraction
level for the driver.
http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pubs/05042/index.htm
Crash Cost Estimates by Maximum
Police-Reported Injury Severity Within Selected Crash Geometries
FHWA-HRT-05-051
This paper presents estimates for the
economic (human capital) and comprehensive costs per crash for six KABCO
groupings within 22 selected crash types and within two speed limit categories
(<=72 kilometers per hour (km/h) (<=45 miles per hour (mi/h)) and >=80
km/h (>= 80 / 50 mi/h)). The comprehensive costs include nonmonetary losses.
To produce these cost estimates, previously developed costs per victim keyed on
the AIS injury severity scale were merged into U.S. traffic
crash data files that scored injuries in both AIS and KABCO scales to produce
per crash estimates. The detailed estimates of this study make it possible to
include crash severity comparisons in the analysis of different types of
crashes by attaching costs to them, and to do so in 2001 dollars.
http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pubs/05051/index.htm
Roadway Safety Hardware Asset
Management Systems Case Studies
FHWA-HRT-05-073
This study provides information to
State DOTs on roadway safety hardware management systems that could help
increase their use of state-of-the-practice techniques. This report was developed for State DOT
personnel, particularly chief engineers and other top management, involved with
the planning, funding, and execution of roadway safety hardware management
systems.
FHWA Research Library and http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pubs/05073/index.htm
Why Your Agency Should Consider Asset
Management Systems for Roadway Safety
FHWA-HRT-05-077
This primer provides a general overview
of asset management systems for roadway safety elements, and initial guidance
for agencies beginning to consider them. Asset Management is a strategic
approach to managing transportation infrastructure elements. It provides a
systematic process for maintaining, upgrading and operating physical assets
cost effectively. Information in the
primer can help State departments of transportation (DOT) increase their use of
state-of-the practice techniques on roadway safety hardware management systems.
The primer was developed for State DOT personnel, particularly chief engineers
and other top management, involved with the planning, funding, and execution of
roadway safety hardware management systems.
http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pubs/05077/index.htm
Evaluation of Safety, Design, and
Operation of Shared-Use Paths Final Report
FHWA-HRT-05-137
Shared-use paths are becoming
increasingly busy in may places in the United States. Path designers and operators need guidance on how wide to make new or rebuilt paths, and whether to separate the different types of users. The current guidance is not very specific. The purpose of this project was to develop a
level of service estimation method for shared-use paths that overcome
limitations. This report documents the
research conducted during the project.
FHWA
Research Library
Shared-Use Path Level of Service Calculator A User’s Guide
FHWA-HRT-05-138
The purpose of this project was to develop a level of service (LOD) estimation method for shared use paths that overcomes these limitations. The research included the development of the theory of traffic flow on a path. This report provides step-by-step instructions on how to use the LOS procedure and spreadsheet calculation tool, which can be
downloaded from the Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center Web site at www.tfhrc.org.
FHWA Research Library and http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pedbike/pubs/05138/index.htm
Multiyear Plan for Bridge and Tunnel
Security Research, Development, and Deployment
FHWA-HRT-06-072
Although the Federal Highway Administration
(FHWA) has always been active in conducting research and development to
mitigate natural hazards such as flooding and scour, earthquakes, wind, and
wind-induced events, designing for security is a new task. Because the challenge is tremendous, FHWA
has led multiple outreach sessions to identify needs and gaps. This input provided by experts in the field
of bridge engineering and others has been evaluated and a program has been
proposed to design highway bridges and tunnels for security.
FHWA Research Library and http://www.tfhrc.gov/structur/pubs/06072/index.htm
Traffic Safety Information Systems
International Scan: Strategy Implementation White Paper
FHWA-HRT-06-099
Safety data provide the key to making
sound decisions on the design and operation of roadways, but deficiencies in
many States' safety databases do not allow for good decisionmaking. The Federal
Highway Administration (FHWA), the American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials (AASHTO), and the National Cooperative Highway
Research Program (NCHRP) sponsored a scanning study of how agencies in the Netherlands,
Germany, and Australia develop and use traffic safety information systems. That scan produced a report that included recommendations for advancing safety themes in the areas of strategy,
efficiency, and utility. This current report is the result of a follow-on
effort to build on the scan team's final report and draft implementation plan
by reviewing in detail the strategies suggested, providing action-related
details to some of the critical strategies, and adding new strategies to help
reach the team's goals.
http://www.tfhrc.gov/safety/pubs/06099/index.htm
7 Structures
Fact Sheets
Prefabricated Bridge Elements
FHWA-HRT-06-043
Prefabricated bridge construction can
help minimize traffic delays and community disruptions by reducing onsite
construction time and improving quality, traffic control, and safety. Using
prefabricated bridge elements and systems means that time-consuming formwork
construction, curing, and other tasks associated with fabrication can be done
off site in a controlled environment without affecting traffic.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/resourcecenter/teams/structures/str_7pbe.cfm
Accelerated Construction Technology Transfer
FHWA-HRT-06-054
ACTT is a strategic process that uses various
innovative techniques, strategies, and technologies to minimize actual
construction time, while enhancing quality and safety on today's large, complex
multiphase projects. Sponsored by the American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials' (AASHTO) Technology Implementation Group (TIG) and
the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), the ACTT process begins with a 2-day
workshop in which a multidisciplinary team of 20 to 30 national transportation
experts works with an equal number of their local counterparts to evaluate all
aspects of a project and develop recommendations for reducing construction time
and enhancing safety and quality.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/resourcecenter/teams/construction/cpm_1ac.cfm
Continuous Flight Auger Piles
FHWA-HRT-06-056
Continuous flight augered piles can be
installed quickly and inexpensively and are a viable foundation alternative to
driven piles or drilled shafts for certain applications. CFA piles can support
lateral earth and critical and noncritical structures and can be used in ground
improvement applications. Typical highway project applications for CFA piles
include structure support for new bridges, bridge widening, sound wall
foundations, column support for embankment construction, and secant walls for
lateral earth support. CFA piles are a good deep-foundation solution in areas
that are environmentally sensitive or require minimal disturbance to human
activity.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/resourcecenter/teams/geotech/geo_1ap.cfm
Fiber-Reinforced Polymer
FHWA-HRT-06-062
Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)
composite materials have the potential to revolutionize the repair of sign
structures with cracked secondary support members. The Federal Highway
Administration (FHWA) has researched the use of FRP for more than 20 years, and
FRP has been used on a variety of bridges and other highway structures.
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/resourcecenter/teams/structures/str_2frp.cfm
Geometric Design Laboratory Fact Sheet
FHWA-HRT-06-101
The mission of the Geometric Design
Laboratory (GDL) is to provide technical support to the Office of Safety
Research and Development to develop the Interactive Highway Safety Design Model
(IHSDM, a suite of software tools for the safety evaluation of highway
geometric design alternatives. GDL helps
establish the standards and procedures for IHSDM software development, prepares
the software system and functional specifications, performs verification and
validation of the models that are core IHSDM components, performs Alpha testing
of IHSDM software, coordinates the Beta testing of IHSDM software by potential
end-users, and provides technical support to users of the IHSDM software.
FHWA
Research Library
TechBriefs
Protocol for Selecting ASR-Affected
Structures for Lithium Treatment
FHWA-HRT-06-071
This TechBrief describes a protocol for
evaluating damaged concrete structures to determine whether they are suitable
candidates for lithium treatment to address alkali-silica reaction (ASR). A major part of the TechBrief's source
document, Protocol for Selecting Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR)-Affected
Structures for Lithium Treatment, deals with the approach/tools that can be
used to determine whether ASP is the principal cause, or only a contributing
factor to, the observed deterioration (diagnosis); determine the extend of
deterioration due to ASR in the structure; and evaluate the potential for
future expansion due to ASR (prognosis).
FHWA
Research Library
Technical Reports
A Laboratory and Field Study of
Composite Piles for Bridge Substructures
FHWA-HRT-04-043
The most commonly used pile materials
are steel, concrete, and wood. These
materials can degrade, and the degradation rate can be relatively rapid in
harsh marine environments, and is financially costly. Because only minimal performance data have
been collected for composite piles, a research project was undertaken to
investigate (1) soil-pile interface behavior of composite piles, (2) the
long-term durability of concrete filled fiber-reinforce polymers (FRP) shell
composite piles, and (3) the driveability and axial and lateral load response
of concrete-filled FRP composite piles and steel-reinforced recycled plastic
piles by means of field tests and analyses.
FHWA Research Library and http://www.tfhrc.gov/structur/pubs/04043/index.htm
Guide for Curing of Portland Cement
Concrete Pavements, Volume II
FHWA-HRT-05-038
Information on the current state of
knowledge of curing hydraulic-cement concrete and on current curing practice
was gathered by means of a literature review and a review of current standard
guidance. The result of the
investigation was a set of guidelines that focused particularly on attention to
details of moisture retention and temperature immediately after placing and on
details of selection of materials for final curing and determining when to
apply final curing. Test methods for
evaluating application rate of curing compound and effectiveness of curing were
also reported.
FHWA
Research Library and NTIS
Assessing Stream Channel Stability at
Bridges in Physiographic Regions
FHWA-HRT-05-072
The objective of this study was to
expand and improve a rapid channel stability assessment method developed
previously by Johnson eta al. to include additional factors, such as major
physiographic units across the United States, a greater range of bank materials and
complexities, critical bank heights, stream types and processes, sand bed
streams, and in-channel bars or lack of bars. Another goal of this study was to tailor Thorne's reconnaissance method
for bridge inspection and stability assessment needs.
FHWA Research Library
Design of Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavements Using Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Rebars
FHWA-HRT-05-081
This is Task 3: Continuously Reinforced
Concrete Pavement. The corrosion
resistance characteristics of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) rebars make
them a promising substitute for conventional steel reinforcing rebars in
continuously reinforced concrete pavements (CRCPs). Studies are conducted on the effect of using
GFRP rebars as reinforcement in CRCP on concrete stress development, which is
directly related to the concrete crack formation that is inevitable in CRCP.
FHWA
Research Library and http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/pavement/pccp/pubs/05081/
Interim Recommendations for the Use of
Lithium to Mitigate or Prevent Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR)
FHWA-HRT-06-073
This report provides a basic overview
of ASR, including information on mechanisms, symptoms of ASR damage in field
structures, mitigation approaches, test methods, and specifications. A comprehensive summary of lithium compounds
is provided, including information their production, availability, and use in
laboratory concrete studies and field applications.
FHWA
Research Library
Job Site Evaluation of
Corrosion-Resistant Alloys for Use as Reinforcement in Concrete
FHWA-HRT-06-078
Premature deterioration of the Nation's
concrete highway and bridge structures as a consequence of chloride exposure
and resultant corrosion reinforcing steel has evolved during the past four
decades to become a formidable technological and economic problem. This study evaluated epoxy-coated reinforcing steel (ECR), and alternative corrosion-resistant reinforcement.
FHWA Research Library