Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Russell C. Evarts and Jim E. O'Connor Originator: Philip Dinterman and Karen L. Wheeler (database) Publication_Date: 2008 Title: Geologic Map of the Camas Quadrangle, Clark County, Washington, and Multnomah County, Oregon Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: Scientific Investigations Map Issue_Identification: SIM-3017 Online_Linkage: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3017 Description: Abstract: This digital map database, compiled from previously published and unpublished data, and new mapping by the authors, represents the general distribution of bedrock and surficial deposits of the Camas 7.5-minute quadrangle. The database delineates map units that are identified by general age and lithology following the stratigraphic nomenclature of the U.S. Geological Survey. The scale of the source maps limits the spatial resolution (scale) of the database to 1:24,000 or smaller. Purpose: This database and accompanying plot files depict the distribution of geologic materials and structures at a regional (1:24,000) scale. The report is intended to provide geologic information for the regional study of materials properties, earthquake shaking, landslide potential, mineral hazards, seismic velocity, and earthquake faults. In addition, the report contains new information and interpretations about the regional geologic history and framework. However, the regional scale of this report does not provide sufficient detail for site development purposes. Supplemental_Information: DIGITAL COMPILATION-Several ESRI ArcGIS feature classes were generated within an ArcGIS personal geodatabase during the construction of the Camas quadrangle geologic map. The topographic base map remains as a digital raster graphic (DRG) and is overlain on the geology feature class in ArcMap at a 60% transparency level. Some custom menus were used to project, transform, edit, tag, and build points in the map. A digital layout or map collar was made with Adobe Illustrator. The map was exported from the layout view in ArcMap as an Adobe Illustrator file and added to a single Adobe Illustrator file that also contained the description of map units, correlation of map units, cross sections, and an index map. Differences between the maps as they appear in the final map sheet and as they appear in the either the .mxd or .pmf files represent changes made in the Adobe Illustrator file to the symbology only and do not reflect any changes in the actual source data. The map is in UTM projection, zone 10, meters, and 1:24,000 scale. The explanatory pamphlet was saved to PDF from Microsoft Word. BASE MAP-The base map for the digital compilation is a Digital Raster Graphic (DRG) of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1:24,000-scale topographic map of the Camas 7.5' quadrangle (1993), which has a 10-foot contour interval. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the Universal Transverse Mercator projection, zone 10. The horizontal positional accuracy and datum of the DRG matches the accuracy and datum of the source map. The base map layer is a digital image, but no information other than location is attached to the lines. The base map is provided for reference only. SPATIAL RESOLUTION-Uses of this digital geologic map should not violate the spatial resolution of the data. Although the digital form of the data removes the constraint imposed by the scale of a paper map, the detail and accuracy inherent in map scale are also present in the digital data. The fact that this database was edited at a scale of 1:24,000 means that higher resolution information is not present in the dataset. Plotting at scales larger than 1:24,000 will not yield greater real detail, although it may reveal fine-scale irregularities below the intended resolution of the database. Similarly, where this database is used in combination with other data of higher resolution, the resolution of the combined output will be limited by the lower resolution of these data. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2008 Currentness_Reference: publication date Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.501108 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.373613 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 45.625615 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 45.499385 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword: Geology Theme_Keyword: Ar/Ar Geochronology Theme_Keyword: volcanic arc Place: Place_Keyword: Pacific Northwest Place_Keyword: Washington Place_Keyword: Clark County Place_Keyword: Oregon Place_Keyword: Multnohmah County Place_Keyword: Cascade Range Place_Keyword: Portland Basin Place_Keyword: Columbia River Stratum: Stratum_Keyword: Troutdale Formation Stratum_Keyword: Tertiary Volcanic Stratigraphy Stratum_Keyword: Boring volcanic field Stratum_Keyword: Missoula floods Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Uses of this digital geologic map should not violate the spatial resolution of the data. Although the digital form of the data removes the constraint imposed by the scale of a paper map, the detail and accuracy inherent in map scale are also present in the digital data. The fact that this database was edited for a scale of 1:24,000 means that higher resolution information is not present in the dataset. Plotting at scales larger than 1:24,000 will not yield greater real detail, although it may reveal fine-scale irregularities below the intended resolution of the database. Similarly, where this database is used in combination with other data of higher resolution, the resolution of the combined output will be limited by the lower resolution of these data. Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.2.4.1420 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Vector Point_and_Vector_Object_Information: SDTS_Terms_Description: SDTS_Point_and_Vector_Object_Type: String Point_and_Vector_Object_Count: 497 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Map_Projection: Map_Projection_Name: Transverse Mercator Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -123.000000 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000 False_Easting: 500000.000000 False_Northing: 0.000000 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: coordinate pair Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 0.000065 Ordinate_Resolution: 0.000065 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_Clarke_1866 Ellipsoid_Name: Clarke 1866 Semi-major_Axis: 6378206.400000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 294.978698 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Altitude_System_Definition: Altitude_Resolution: 0.000010 Altitude_Encoding_Method: Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: CamasContacts Entity_Type_Definition: Geologic Contacts Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Author Attribute: Attribute_Label: OBJECTID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. 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Attribute: Attribute_Label: LTYPE Attribute_Definition: Geologic Contact description Attribute_Definition_Source: Author Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: contact, approx. located Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Approximately located boundary between geologic units; positional accuracy generally within 5 mm at 1:24,000 (120 m on the ground) Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: contact, certain Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Boundary between geologic units, positional accuracy generally within 2 mm at 1:24,000 (48 m on the ground) Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: contact, concealed Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Boundary between geologic units that is concealed by a younger unit; positional accuracy uncertain but probably generally within 5 mm at 1:24,000 (120 m on the ground) Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: contact, inferred Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Boundary of uncertain location between geologic units; positional accuracy uncertain contact exists but location inferred from indirect evidence Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: fault, approx. located Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Trace of approximately located fault positional accuracy generally within 5 mm at 1:24,000 (120 m on the ground) Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: fault, certain Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Trace of fault, positional accuracy generally within 2 mm at 1:24,000 (48 m on the ground) Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: fault, concealed Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Trace of fault concealed by younger unit positional accuracy uncertain but probably generally within 5 mm at 1:24,000 (120 m on the ground) Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: map boundary Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: map boundary of this 1:24000 study Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: normal fault, approx. located Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Trace of approximately located normal fault positional accuracy generally within 5 mm at 1:24,000 (120 m on the ground) Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: normal fault, concealed Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Trace of normal fault concealed by younger unit positional accuracy uncertain but probably generally within 5 mm at 1:24,000 (120 m on the ground) Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: normal fault, concealed, queried Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Trace of normal fault, identity or existance questionable, concealed by younger unit positional accuracy uncertain but probably generally within 5 mm at 1:24,000 (120 m on the ground) Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: normal fault, concealed_mN Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Trace of normal fault concealed by younger unit positional accuracy uncertain but probably generally within 5 mm at 1:24,000 (120 m on the ground), marker symbol showing downdip direction towards north Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: normal fault, concealed_mS Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Trace of normal fault concealed by younger unit positional accuracy uncertain but probably generally within 5 mm at 1:24,000 (120 m on the ground), marker symbol showing downdip direction towards south Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: normal fault, inferred Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Trace of normal fault of uncertain location; positional accuracy uncertain; fault exists but location inferred from indirect evidence. Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: normal fault, inferred_mS Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Trace of normal fault of uncertain location; positional accuracy uncertain; fault exists but location inferred from indirect evidence, marker symbol showing downdip direction towards south Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: reverse fault, concealed Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Trace of reverse fault concealed by younger unit positional accuracy uncertain but probably generally within 5 mm at 1:24,000 (120 m on the ground) Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: reverse fault, inferred Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Trace of reverse fault of uncertain location; positional accuracy uncertain; fault exists but location inferred from indirect evidence Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: s.s. fault, r.l., approx. located_m Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Trace of approximately located right lateral strike-slip fault positional accuracy generally within 5 mm at 1:24,000 (120 m on the ground) Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: s.s. fault, r.l., concealed_m Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Trace of right lateral strike-slip fault concealed by younger unit positional accuracy uncertain but probably generally within 5 mm at 1:24,000 (120 m on the ground) with marker Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: water boundary, certain Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Outline of a body of open water; positional accuracy within 1:24,000 National Map Accuracy Standards Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: CamasGeologyPolys Entity_Type_Definition: Geologic Unit Descriptions Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Authors Attribute: Attribute_Label: OID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape_Length Attribute_Definition: Length of feature in internal units. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape_Area Attribute_Definition: Area of feature in internal units squared. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: PTYPE Attribute_Definition: Geologic Unit Abbreviation Attribute_Definition_Source: Authors Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: af Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Artificial fill (Holocene)—Unconsolidated soil, sand, gravel, and crushed rock used for highway and railroad beds and levees Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qac Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Alluvium of Columbia River floodplain and channel (Holocene and Pleistocene)—Unconsolidated fine sand, silt, and clay that underlies historic floodplain, islands, and bars of the Columbia River at elevations less than 30 ft (10 m); composed largely of quartz, feldspar, and conspicuous muscovite. Sections exposed in banks, excavations, and drill-core samples commonly show sand-silt couplets up to 30 cm thick; basal sands locally display ripple cross lamination, planar lamination, and tabular foresets; capping silt and clay beds generally massive and bioturbated; couplets interpreted as deposits of large annual Columbia River freshets before substantial 20th century river regulation and floodplain diking. Unit includes local diatomaceous beds and layers of organic-rich sediment that probably formed in floodplain marshes, ponds, and lakes, as well as thin (less than 2 cm) tephra beds from Holocene eruptions of Mount St. Helens. Regionally, most deposits above modern low-water river level (3 ft (1 m) above sea level in map area) are younger than 2000 years old and most deposits forming Government Island are younger than 500 yr B.P. (table 3). Well logs and seismic reflection profiles show that fine-grained valley fill beneath the historic floodplain, presumably representing river aggradation since the last-glacial sea level low stand of about 15,000 yr B.P. (Baker, 2002), locally extends to 300 ft (90 m) below sea level in the map area (Hoffstetter, 1984; Hartford and McFarland, 1989; Gates, 1994; Pratt and others, 2001; Rapp, 2005). Near Blue Lake, deposits contain fluvially concentrated 7.7-ka Mazama tephra (Gates, 1994) at 45 ft (14 m) below sea level. Near tributary mouths, unit includes rare lenses of cobble to pebble gravel composed largely of andesite and dacite clasts; also includes local unmapped areas of dredge spoils and other fills, and possibly eolian deposits Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qa Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Alluvium (Holocene and Pleistocene)— Unconsolidated sand, gravel, and organic-rich mud along rivers and creeks, in seasonally inundated depressions, and along shore of Lacamas Lake. Deposits along the Washougal and Sandy Rivers consist mostly of stratified sand and cobble to pebble gravel; deposits along smaller watercourses are more variable Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qt Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Talus deposits (Holocene and Pleistocene)— Unsorted accumulations of angular basalt blocks and scoria below cliffs on south slope of Prune Hill; includes deposits of both natural and anthropogenic origins Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qls Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Landslide deposits (Holocene and Pleistocene)— Diamictons of unsorted, angular bedrock and surficial material transported down slope en masse. Chiefly deep-seated, semi-coherent slumps and internally disrupted rockslide, earthflow, and debris-flow deposits. Many mapped slides head at arcuate scars and exhibit subhorizontal tops, bulbous toes, and hummocky, poorly drained surfaces. Slides at Camas possibly triggered by late Pleistocene cataclysmic flooding Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qfs Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Cataclysmic-flood deposits, sand and silt facies (Pleistocene) Unconsolidated silt and fine sand mantling paleosurfaces below about 300 ft (90 m) near southwest corner of quadrangle. Rarely exposed; distribution inferred largely from well logs, which indicate thickness of unit in map area ranges from 0 to about 15 m. Contains abundant quartz, potassium feldspar, and muscovite grains, indicating deposition by Columbia River rather than by local streams. Interpreted as slackwater deposits of colossal glacier-outburst floods initiated by repeated failure of ice dam at Glacial Lake Missoula in Idaho and Montana during the late Pleistocene (Bretz, 1925, 1959; Baker and Bunker, 1985; Waitt, 1985, 1994, 1996; Atwater, 1986; O’Connor and Baker, 1992; Benito and O’Connor, 2003). Hydraulically dammed floodwaters temporarily ponded in Portland Basin and deposited suspended sediment load (Trimble, 1963). Radiocarbon and tephrochronologic data from outside the map area indicate depositional ages between about 17,000 and 13,000 14C years B.P. (Waitt, 1985, 1994; Atwater, 1986; Clague and others, 2003) Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qh Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Deposits derived from Mount Hood volcano (Holocene)—Unconsolidated, stratified sand and gravel and diamictons composed of volcanic debris transported down Sandy River from Mount Hood; underlie an extensive lowland north of Troutdale informally known as the Sandy River delta as well as terraces with treads as high as 40 ft (12 m) above the Sandy River; as thick as 9 m in borings and 6.5 m in riverbank outcrops (Rapp, 2005); locally contain interbeds of Columbia River overbank deposits, and almost everywhere overlain by more recent Columbia River floodplain deposits up to 1 m thick; also includes local areas of artificial fill. Sand and gravel form planar or cross-stratified beds that typically fine upwards; gray except for fine sand beds, which are locally reddish to pinkish gray. Gravel clasts are dominantly fresh, porphyritic, pyroxene and hornblende andesites; sand composed mostly of angular to sub-rounded, gray to red, lithic (andesite) fragments, 5–20 percent clear plagioclase fragments, and 2–10 percent equant hornblende crystals. Diamictons are brown to brownish gray, massive to weakly stratified beds, 0.5 to 5 m thick, composed of 30–50 percent angular andesite fragments up to 10 cm diameter in matrix of sand, silt, and clay (Rapp, 2005). Stratified sand and gravel interpreted to represent fluvial aggradation triggered by highly increased sediment supply following Mount Hood eruptions. Diamictons are interpreted as deposits of Mount Hood lahars. Numerous radiocarbon ages (table 3) and regional stratigraphic relations show that these deposits are younger than 1600 yr B.P. and were produced during and after the Timberline and Old Maid eruptive episodes of Crandell (1980); most are older than 1200 yr B.P. and are related to the Timberline period (Rapp, 2005). Old Maid-age sediment forms several channel-fill deposits, as thick as 5 m, in the Sandy River delta and aggraded in the lower Sandy River valley to elevations as high as or higher than the Timberline-age deposits (Rapp, 2005) Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qtds Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Terrace deposits of Sandy River (Holocene and (or) Pleistocene)—Poorly exposed, unconsolidated, sandy cobble to boulder gravel forming distinct bench with surface elevation between 170 and 190 ft (48 and 58 m) along Sandy River and Beaver Creek. Consist of subhorizontal gravel sheets, 0.5–5 m thick, locally separated by thin sand lenses; poorly sorted, locally imbricated, and texture varies from compact with sand matrix to loose open-work; clasts subangular to well rounded, include common large (up to 1 m diameter) boulders of hornblende andesite; deposit contains at least one 1-m-thick bed of silty lithic-rich sand inferred to be the distal facies of a Mount Hood lahar. Exhibits weakly developed soil profile and weathering rinds on fine-grain volcanic clasts less than 1 mm thick, suggesting relative youth; absence of cover by cataclysmic (Missoula)-flood deposits indicate that unit postdates flooding; may reflect deposition behind the immense Missoula-flood bar extending southwestward from Broughton Bluff that temporarily blocked the Sandy River at its confluence with the Columbia River. Equivalent in part to Estacada Formation of Trimble (1963) Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qtdwl Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Terrace deposits of lower Washougal River (Holocene and (or) Pleistocene)—Unconsolidated sandy gravel and sand underlying small terraces along Washougal River; generally less than 10 m thick. Gravel is poorly sorted, locally imbricated, and texture varies from compact with sand matrix to loose openwork. Clasts subangular to well rounded, derived from Tertiary volcanic and granitic rocks of Cascade Range, Columbia River Basalt Group, and Troutdale Formation. Deposits are below 50 ft (15 m) elevation and minimally weathered; inferred to represent aggradation behind coarse-grained Missoula Flood bar that now constricts mouth of Washougal River Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qtdl Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Terrace deposits of Little Washougal River (Holocene and (or) Pleistocene)—Unconsolidated gravel and sand flanking Little Washougal River near northeastern corner of map area; about 2–5 m thick. Gravel is poorly sorted, composed of subangular to well rounded clasts derived from Tertiary volcanic and granitic rocks of Cascade Range, Columbia River Basalt Group, and Troutdale Formation. Minimal soil development. Formed by aggradation behind downriver landslide complex in adjacent Washougal quadrangle (R.C. Evarts and J.E. O’Connor, unpub. mapping) Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qlo Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Loess (Pleistocene)—Massive unconsolidated deposits of light-gray to buff, micaceous, quartzofeldspathic eolian silt and fine sand; commonly contains isolated granules and small pebbles; generally capped with strongly developed red soils. Forms widespread mantle on uplands of map area but mapped only where thick (about 3 to 25 m) and extensive enough to obscure underlying units. Overlies 596-ka basaltic andesite of Prune Hill, but probably deposited during several episodes throughout late Quaternary time. Below about 300 ft (90 m) elevation, may include slack-water cataclysmic-flood deposits (Qfs) Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qfs Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Cataclysmic-flood deposits (Pleistocene)—Sediment deposited by colossal glacier-outburst floods caused by repeated failure of ice dam across Clark Fork River that formed Pleistocene Lake Missoula in western Montana (Bretz, 1925, 1959; Bretz and others, 1956; Trimble, 1963; Allison, 1978; Baker and Bunker, 1985; Waitt, 1985, 1994, 1996; Atwater, 1986; O’Connor and Baker, 1992; Benito and O’Connor, 2003). The Missoula floods achieved stages of 400–500 ft (120–150 m) as they spread and slowed over the eastern Portland Basin after exiting the western Columbia River Gorge with velocities of 35 m/s at peak discharge (Benito and O’Connor, 2003) and deposited coarse traction load in series of large bars and plains, the Portland delta of Bretz (1925). Hydraulically dammed floodwaters temporarily ponded in Portland Basin and deposited suspended sediment load (Trimble, 1963). Radiocarbon and tephrochronologic data from outside the map area indicate depositional ages between about 17,000 and 13,000 14C years B.P. (Waitt, 1985, 1994; Atwater, 1986; Benito and O’Connor, 2003; Clague and others, 2003). Coarse bedload deposits and fine slack-water deposits mapped separately Sand and silt facies—Unconsolidated light brown to light gray silt, clay, and fine to medium sand. Up to 20 m thick at low elevations in the region but thins toward upper mappable extent at 300–350 ft (90–105 m) elevation in the map area. Upper map limit only approximately placed on basis of topography owing to the difficulty in distinguishing from similar loess and clayey soils that cover most upland surfaces. Most exposures obscure, but rare fresh exposures show multiple, 0.25-to-1.5-m thick, fining-up sequences of ripple cross-stratified very fine sand grading up to massive bioturbated clayey silt. Sand composed of quartz, feldspar, and conspicuous muscovite, indicative of a Columbia River provenance. Coarser sand facies contain abundant dark volcanic rock fragments. Interpreted as slack-water sediment settled from temporarily ponded floodwater. May locally include compositionally identical loess Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qfg Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Gravel facies—Unconsolidated, gray, stratified, bouldery to cobbly gravel and sand deposited in thick sheets over older basin-fill deposits on upland areas flanking the Columbia River; organized into prominent large bar and channel complexes on Mill Plain in the northwest part of map area and much of east Portland, Fairview, and Troutdale south of the river (Allison, 1978; Minervini and others, 2003). Beneath Holocene floodplain deposits (Qac) northeast of Blue Lake, flood gravel occupies buried late glacial channel; channel floor is at least 230 ft (70 m) below sea level (Hartford and McFarland, 1989; Pratt and others, 2001). Locally, as along southern edge of the historic Columbia River floodplain and in the Lacamas Lake trough, Missoula-flood deposits form thin (<2 m) and discontinuous mantle on older basin-fill and bedrock units. Numerous active and historic quarry exposures in upland areas reveal more than 15 m of crudely stratified and poorly sorted coarse gravel and sand, commonly deposited in tall (locally >5 m), steeply dipping (up to 35º) foresets. Deposits generally fine westward and away from the Columbia River; in some places, contain immense boulders, some exceeding 4 m in long diameter, particularly near Troutdale and along southwest side of Prune Hill. Texturally and compositionally variable; most clasts derived from Columbia River Basalt Group but includes blocks of Troutdale Formation and Pliocene–Quaternary Cascadian basalt, all probably entrained in the western Columbia River Gorge; locally, such as southwest of Prune Hill, consists of large, angular-to-subangular blocks eroded from nearby valley walls. Sweeping unconformities visible in large fresh exposures likely reflect multiple flood events (Benito and O’Connor, 2003). Unit includes local sand accumulations below 200 ft (60 m) elevation, some of them mapped as sand and silt deposits (Qs) by Trimble (1963), that were probably deposited by smaller late-episode floods confined to the narrow Columbia River valley of late Pleistocene time Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qbph Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Basaltic andesite of Prune Hill (Pleistocene)—Light- to medium-gray, microvesicular, olivine-phyric, calc-alkaline basaltic andesite (54–55 wt percent SiO2) that underlies area directly west of Prune Hill; well developed platy and columnar jointing; up to 65 m thick in Fisher Quarry, where complex jointing patterns and contacts with scoriaceous flow breccia indicate multiple flow lobes. Contains phenocrysts of olivine (3–7 percent; about 0.5 mm, locally to 1 mm across; with minute chromian spinel inclusions), plagioclase ( 0.1 percent; 0.5–1 mm long), and augite (0.1 percent) in trachytic to intergranular, locally microvesicular groundmass of plagioclase, pyroxene, Fe-Ti oxide, and dark-brown interstitial glass; distinguished by presence of prismatic hypersthene microlites. Some samples contain corroded and sieved plagioclase xenocrysts about 1 mm across. Vent located east of Fisher Quarry in area underlain by scoria deposits (stipple pattern) and coincident with a strong positive aeromagnetic anomaly (Snyder and others, 1993). Well sorted to poorly sorted scoria beds consist of black to brick-red, variably vesicular clasts as large as 1 m across that are petrographically and chemically similar to associated lava flows; also commonly contain well-rounded pebbles and cobbles of Columbia River Basalt Group and quartzite derived from basin-fill sediments. Normal magnetic polarity (J.T. Hagstrum, written commun., 2000). 40Ar/39Ar age of 596±47 ka (table 2) is indistinguishable from K-Ar age of 590±50 ka reported by Conrey and others (1996a) Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qbbb Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Basaltic andesite of Broughton Bluff (Pleistocene)—Light-gray, olivine-phyric, calc-alkaline basaltic andesite flow (52–53 wt percent SiO2) (R.C. Evarts and R.M. Conrey, unpub. data); flow caps Broughton Bluff and has well developed columnar jointing; probably erupted from vent at Chamberlain Hill about 3 km to east. Contains phenocrysts and microphenocrysts of olivine (about 9 percent; mostly 0.5 to 1 mm but a few as large as 3 mm across; with inclusions of chromian spinel; locally replaced by iddingsite) in a trachytic to subophitic groundmass of plagioclase, augite, and Fe-Ti oxide. Reversed magnetic polarity (J.T. Hagstrum, written commun., 2002). An 40Ar/39Ar age of about 970±36 ka was obtained from a sample collected just east of the map area (R.J. Fleck, written commun., 2003) Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qaas Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Alluvium of ancestral Sandy River (Pleistocene)—Unconsolidated to well-cemented sandy gravel underlying uplands west of the Sandy River. Poorly exposed along Beaver Creek, but well exposed beneath 12 to 18 m of cataclysmic-flood gravel (Qfg) in gravel pit 1 km north of Grant Butte; likely underlies flood gravel (Qfg) and loess (Qlo) throughout most of terrain south of Interstate 84. Gravel crudely stratified and well sorted, contains abundant well-rounded clasts up to 20 cm across of basaltic and andesitic rocks derived from Cascade Range (including Mount Hood volcano) and sparse clasts of Columbia River Basalt Group and quartzite. Sand lenses, generally less than 1 m thick and 10 m long, composed chiefly of volcanic lithic grains; lack quartz and muscovite. Along Beaver Creek, unit includes poorly sorted debris-flow deposits that contain subrounded Mount Hood-derived pyroxene and hornblende andesite clasts as large as 1 m diameter. Unit at least 50 m thick in gravel pit north of Grant Butte; upper 11 to 15 m is distinctly lighter colored than the more oxidized and cemented dark gray sandy gravel composing lowermost 35 m; surface of upper gravel descends to north and west, indicating northwesterly transport, consistent with clast imbrication. Distribution, sedimentary texture and composition of unit indicate deposition during major, glacially induced(?), aggradational episodes of the ancestral Sandy River, producing a broad fan or braidplain extending north and west into the eastern Portland Basin. Interbedded debris-flow deposits record lahars associated with eruptive activity at Mount Hood. Age poorly constrained; overlies weathered surfaces on the hyaloclastic sandstone member of the Troutdale Formation (Ttfh); weak soil development indicates probable middle-to-late Pleistocene age Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: QTc Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Conglomerate (Pleistocene and Pliocene?)—Unconsolidated to cemented, thick bedded, pebble to boulder conglomerate with minor beds (<2 m thick) and lenses of basaltic and quartzofeldspathic sandstone; up to 90 m thick. Conglomerate varies from well sorted, clast-supported, imbricated and crossbedded deposits composed largely of well rounded clasts of Columbia River Basalt Group and quartzite to poorly sorted deposits dominated by subangular to subrounded clasts of volcanic rocks eroded from Cascade Range. Deeply weathered except east of Lacamas Lake where top was removed by Missoula floods. Age poorly constrained; gradationally to unconformably overlies hyaloclastic sandstone member of Troutdale Formation (Ttfh); probably of latest Pliocene or early Pleistocene age Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Qgwg Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Gravel west of Gresham (Pleistocene)—Unconsolidated sandy gravel underlying low hill between Gresham and Grant Butte. Consists of well rounded to subrounded pebbles and cobbles (up to 20 cm diameter) of volcanic rocks, chiefly andesites, derived from Cascade Range to the east, in oxidized silty matrix. Clasts minimally weathered and weathering rinds on fine-grained volcanic clasts are less than 5 mm thick, indicating a Pleistocene age. Topographic position suggests this unit is older than the uppermost gravel of the ancestral Sandy River alluvium (Qaas) exposed in excavation immediately to northwest, but it maybe an erosional remnant correlative with the lithologically similar deeper gravel Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: QTfg Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Unnamed fan gravel (Pleistocene and Pliocene?)— Deeply weathered unconsolidated sand and cobbly gravel poorly exposed along Beaver Creek valley near southern map boundary; underlies extensive northwest sloping piedmont surface south of the map area and west of Sandy River. Clasts consist chiefly of andesite and other Cascade Range rock types; weathering rinds on clasts exceed 1 cm thick. Locally includes diamicts, interpreted as lahar and lahar-runout deposits, that contain 1-m-diameter clasts of pyroxene and hornblende andesite. Capped by as much as (25 m) of strongly oxidized and pedogenically altered micaceous silt, inferred to be loess (Qlo). Morphology and composition of unit indicate deposition in broad fan by an ancient Sandy River draining Cascade Range. Topographic position, degree of weathering, and thick overlying loess mantle imply substantial age, probably early Pleistocene or late Pliocene. Lahar deposits derived from an ancient volcanic center, possibly the Sandy Glacier volcano (Wise, 1969; Sherrod and Scott, 1995) located in the Mount Hood area. Mapped as Springwater Formation by Trimble (1963), but geomorphic relations outside the map area indicate that it is probably younger than deposits in the type area near Springwater, about 30 km south of map area Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: QTwh Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Walters Hill Formation (Pleistocene and (or) Pliocene)—Semiconsolidated, deeply weathered, poorly exposed fluvial gravel forming Grant Butte. Consists of well-rounded to subrounded cobbles and pebbles of volcanic rocks, predominantly porphyritic andesites derived from Cascade Range to the east; matrix is coarse to fine volcaniclastic sand. Age unknown; topographic position suggests unit is younger than Troutdale Formation (Ttfh) and older than other gravel units (QTc, QTfg, Qgwg, Qaas) in map area Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Ttfh Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Troutdale Formation (Pliocene and Miocene)—Semi-consolidated to well consolidated conglomerate and sandstone. Divided into two informal members separated by an unconformity. Hyaloclastic sandstone member (Pliocene)—Fluvial sedimentary strata distinguished by indurated, coarse sandstone composed of abundant grains of glassy, olivine+plagioclase-phyric basalt and conglomerate that contains olivine-bearing basalt clasts; overlies and intertongues with micaceous, arkosic sandstone, siltstone, and claystone of the Sandy River Mudstone (Tsr). Well exposed in valley of Lacamas Creek, on west shore of Lacamas Lake, and along Sandy River east of Troutdale. Hyaloclastic sandstone (equivalent to vitric sandstone of Trimble (1963) and Tolan and Beeson (1984)) consists largely to entirely of angular to subrounded fragments, 2 to 6 mm across, of black, generally nonvesicular basalt that contains phenocrysts of olivine (0.5–2 mm) and plagioclase (1–3 mm) in a glassy (sideromelane) to intergranular groundmass; sideromelane partly to completely altered to palagonite, which cements sandstone and imparts a distinctive yellowish-brown color to the originally dark-green rock; many beds contain minor admixed nonvolcanic debris such as quartz, muscovite, hornblende, and potassium feldspar. Sandstone ranges from poorly sorted to well sorted; typically thick-bedded, commonly lenticular, crossbedded, and contains dispersed pebbles and cobbles of olivine-bearing basalt. Interbedded conglomerate mostly well-sorted and clast supported; consists of well rounded to subrounded pebbles and cobbles of variably vesicular, olivine+plagioclase-phyric basalt, basaltic rocks of Columbia River Basalt Group, and generally minor amounts of quartzite and other rock types; some conglomerate beds poorly sorted, with subangular basalt boulders as large as 1 m across. Angular nonvesicular vitric clasts in hyaloclastic sandstone beds interpreted as debris generated by basalt-water interaction in the Columbia River Gorge and rapidly transported downstream and deposited in eastern Portland Basin (Trimble, 1963; Swanson, 1986, 1988). Vitric clasts and associated basalt cobbles exhibit a low-potassium-tholeiite composition (Swanson, 1986, 1988; Lite; 1992; A.W. Sarna-Wojcicki, written commun., 2005; table 1, no. 34), indicating probable derivation from compositionally similar middle Pliocene basalt flows east of map area (Tolan and Beeson, 1984; Swanson, 1986, 1988; R.C. Evarts and R.M. Conrey, unpub. mapping). Leaf fossils from fine-grained interval within unit below Broughton Bluff date as early Pliocene (Trimble, 1963). Approximately equivalent to informal upper member of Troutdale Formation of Tolan and Beeson (1984) Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Ttfc Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Troutdale Formation (Pliocene and Miocene)—Semi-consolidated to well consolidated conglomerate and sandstone. Divided into two informal members separated by an unconformity. Conglomerate member (Pliocene? and Miocene)—Indurated, well-sorted, clast-supported, pebble and cobble conglomerate exposed on steep valley wall of Little Washougal River near northeast corner of map area. Composed largely of well-rounded clasts of Columbia River Basalt Group with minor but persistent quartzite and granitic and felsic metamorphic rocks. Sparse interbeds of micaceous quartzofeldspathic sandstone. Equivalent in part to upper member of Troutdale Formation of Mundorff (1964); correlative with lower member of Troutdale Formation of Tolan and Beeson (1984) and with quartzite-clast member of Troutdale Formation of Howard (2002) (see fig. 5). Late Miocene to early Pliocene age inferred from stratigraphic relations east of quadrangle (Tolan and Beeson, 1984) Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tsr Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Sandy River Mudstone (Pliocene and Miocene)—shown in cross sections only. Semiconsolidated, well-bedded, fluvial and lacustrine sandstone, siltstone, claystone, and minor quartzite-bearing conglomerate, pumice-lapilli tuff, and lignite; not exposed in map area but water-well logs indicate this unit may be more than 300 m thick near western edge of quadrangle (Hartford and McFarland, 1989; Swanson and others, 1993). Approximately equivalent to informal lower member of Troutdale Formation as defined by Mundorff (1964). Age poorly known but probably ranges from middle Miocene to middle Pliocene; upper part underlies or interbedded with lower part of hyaloclastic sandstone member of Troutdale Formation, inferred to be about 3 to 4 m.y. old; plant fossils from localities near top of unit along Sandy River to southeast of quadrangle assigned an early Pliocene age (Chaney, 1944; Treasher, 1942; Trimble, 1963; Tolan and Beeson, 1984) Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tmv Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Mafic volcaniclastic rocks (Oligocene)—Indurated, olive-brown, mafic tuff breccia, lapilli tuff, and minor tuff; distinct decimeter-scale stratification defined by gradational variations in grain size; moderately well sorted to poorly sorted; composed largely of angular fragments as large as 60 cm across of texturally variable, lithic to scoriaceous, basalt and basaltic andesite. Unit locally contains rounded lithic clasts and blackened wood fragments; one exposure displays matrix-poor, talus-like deposit of angular blocks to 2 m across; cemented by clay, zeolites, calcite Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Td Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Dacite (Oligocene)—Sparsely plagioclase-phyric dacite flow and flow breccia exposed at east end of Lady Island; exhibits pronounced platy parting with widely variable orientation. Contains phenocrysts of plagioclase (1 percent; 0.5–1 mm long), olivine (0.5–1 mm across; 0.1 percent), and clinopyroxene (0.5–1 mm across; 0.1 percent) and microphenocrysts of Fe-Ti oxide and apatite in a pilotaxitic groundmass. Age unknown but overlies basaltic andesite of Elkhorn Mountain (Tbem) Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tbem Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Basaltic andesite of Elkhorn Mountain (Oligocene)—Sequence of lava flows and flow breccia composed of dark-gray to brown, porphyritic to seriate to aphyric tholeiitic basaltic andesite and basalt; individual flows generally about 5 to 8 m thick, exhibit platy to blocky to columnar jointing; unit locally includes minor volcaniclastic rocks too thin or poorly exposed to map. Typical flows contain phenocrysts and glomerocrysts of weakly zoned plagioclase (0–40 percent; 1–6 mm, rarely more than 10 mm long; variably replaced by zeolites and (or) clay) and olivine (<2 percent; 0.5 to 3 mm across; commonly partly resorbed and surrounded by rinds of granular pyroxene and (or) magnetite; rarely contain minute chromian spinel inclusions; almost invariably replaced by some combination of smectite, hematite, carbonate, serpentine, quartz and kaolinite). Some flows also contain phenocrysts of augite (<1 percent; 0.5 to 1 mm across) and microphenocrysts of Fe-Ti oxide. Groundmass consists of plagioclase, augite, Fe-Ti oxide, and minor to abundant interstitial glass (largely devitrified or replaced by smectite, quartz, or calcite); groundmass textures chiefly intergranular to trachytic, less commonly subophitic or microphyric. All flows in unit are tholeiitic, and many are exceptionally rich in Fe (FeO* as high as 13.3 wt percent) and poor in Sr (<320 ppm) compared to mafic rocks elsewhere in southern Washington Cascade Range (du Bray and others, 2006; R.C. Evarts, unpub. data). 40Ar/39Ar age of 25.5±0.2 Ma obtained for sample near top of unit north of Camas Slough Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Ta Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Andesite (Oligocene)—Platy porphyritic to seriate andesite forming Ione Reef in Columbia River. Contains phenocrysts of plagioclase (18 percent; 1–2 mm long) and sparse microphenocrysts of orthopyroxene and Fe-Ti oxide in an intergranular groundmass of plagioclase, pyroxene, Fe-Ti oxide, and minor interstitial brown smectite. Age unknown but overlies basaltic andesite of Elkhorn Mountain (Tbem) Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: Tvs Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks (Oligocene)—Section of weathered, poorly exposed volcaniclastic rocks interbedded with basaltic andesite flows (Tbem) east of Lacamas Creek; approximately 30 m thick. Primarily massive, light-green to dark-brown, lithic lapilli tuff composed of angular to subrounded volcanic lithic and pumice clasts to 5 cm across in sandy to silty matrix; pervasively altered to smectite, kaolinite, and zeolites. Abundance, variety, and subrounded character of lithic clasts suggests unit consists largely of debris-flow rather than primary pyroclastic-flow deposits Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: water Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: water body Attribute: Attribute_Label: STYLE Attribute_Definition: Reference Number for Color of Polygon Links to Style Attribute_Definition_Source: Authors Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: AnnoGeoPolys Detailed_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: CamasGeologyPolysAnno Attribute: Attribute_Label: OBJECTID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: SHAPE Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features. 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Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: SHAPE_Area Attribute_Definition: Area of feature in internal units squared. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: AnnoGeoPolys Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: CamasCrossSectionLines Entity_Type_Definition: Location of Cross Section Lines Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Authors Attribute: Attribute_Label: OBJECTID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features. Attribute: Attribute_Label: LTYPE Attribute_Definition: Cross Section Lines Attribute_Definition_Source: Authors Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: contact Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Location of author's cross section Attribute: Attribute_Label: XSecName Attribute_Definition: Cross Section Label Attribute_Definition_Source: Authors Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: A Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Cross Section Line A-A' Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: B Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Cross Section Line B-B' Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape_Length Attribute_Definition: Length of feature in internal units. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: CamasStrucLines Entity_Type_Definition: Location of structural lines (dike). Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Authors Attribute: Attribute_Label: OBJECTID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features. Attribute: Attribute_Label: LTYPE Attribute_Definition: Structural line type. Attribute_Definition_Source: Authors Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: dike, bas. andesite Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Location of dike. Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: CamasStrucPoints Entity_Type_Definition: Geologic Bedding Measurements Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Authors Attribute: Attribute_Label: OBJECTID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: SHAPE Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features. Attribute: Attribute_Label: PTTYPE Attribute_Definition: Geologic Bedding Description Attribute_Definition_Source: Authors Attribute_Domain_Values: Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: bedding Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Strike and dip of beds Enumerated_Domain: Enumerated_Domain_Value: platy parting Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Strike and dip of platy parting in lava flows Attribute: Attribute_Label: STRIKE Attribute_Definition: Strike of beds Attribute: Attribute_Label: DIP Attribute_Definition: Dip of beds Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: AnnoStrucPts Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: CamasStrucPointsAnno Attribute: Attribute_Label: OBJECTID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: SHAPE Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features. Attribute: Attribute_Label: FeatureID Attribute: Attribute_Label: ZOrder Attribute: Attribute_Label: AnnotationClassID Attribute: Attribute_Label: Element Attribute: Attribute_Label: SymbolID Attribute: Attribute_Label: Status Attribute: Attribute_Label: TextString Attribute: Attribute_Label: FontName Attribute: Attribute_Label: FontSize Attribute: Attribute_Label: Bold Attribute: Attribute_Label: Italic Attribute: Attribute_Label: Underline Attribute: Attribute_Label: VerticalAlignment Attribute: Attribute_Label: HorizontalAlignment Attribute: Attribute_Label: XOffset Attribute: Attribute_Label: YOffset Attribute: Attribute_Label: Angle Attribute: Attribute_Label: FontLeading Attribute: Attribute_Label: WordSpacing Attribute: Attribute_Label: CharacterWidth Attribute: Attribute_Label: CharacterSpacing Attribute: Attribute_Label: FlipAngle Attribute: Attribute_Label: Override Attribute: Attribute_Label: SHAPE_Length Attribute_Definition: Length of feature in internal units. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: SHAPE_Area Attribute_Definition: Area of feature in internal units squared. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: AnnoStrucPts Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: CamasGeochronologyPts Entity_Type_Definition: Geochronologic Sample Locations Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Authors Attribute: Attribute_Label: OBJECTID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: SHAPE Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Age Attribute_Definition: Ar/Ar age Attribute_Definition_Source: Authors Attribute: Attribute_Label: pttype Attribute_Definition: Geochronology Point Attribute: Attribute_Label: SAMPNO Attribute_Definition: Sample number used in field collection Attribute_Definition_Source: Author Attribute: Attribute_Label: LATITUDE Attribute_Definition: Measurement of latitude Attribute: Attribute_Label: LONGITUDE Attribute_Definition: Measurement of longitude Attribute: Attribute_Label: MAP_UNIT Attribute_Definition: Geologic unit sample is located within Attribute: Attribute_Label: ROCK_TYPE Attribute_Definition: Physical type of rock from which sample was taken Attribute: Attribute_Label: MATERIAL Attribute_Definition: Material from sample used to determine age Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: AnnoGeochronPts Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: CamasGeochronologyPtsAnno Attribute: Attribute_Label: OBJECTID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: SHAPE Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features. Attribute: Attribute_Label: FeatureID Attribute: Attribute_Label: ZOrder Attribute: Attribute_Label: AnnotationClassID Attribute: Attribute_Label: Element Attribute: Attribute_Label: SymbolID Attribute: Attribute_Label: Status Attribute: Attribute_Label: TextString Attribute: Attribute_Label: FontName Attribute: Attribute_Label: FontSize Attribute: Attribute_Label: Bold Attribute: Attribute_Label: Italic Attribute: Attribute_Label: Underline Attribute: Attribute_Label: VerticalAlignment Attribute: Attribute_Label: HorizontalAlignment Attribute: Attribute_Label: XOffset Attribute: Attribute_Label: YOffset Attribute: Attribute_Label: Angle Attribute: Attribute_Label: FontLeading Attribute: Attribute_Label: WordSpacing Attribute: Attribute_Label: CharacterWidth Attribute: Attribute_Label: CharacterSpacing Attribute: Attribute_Label: FlipAngle Attribute: Attribute_Label: Override Attribute: Attribute_Label: SHAPE_Length Attribute_Definition: Length of feature in internal units. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: SHAPE_Area Attribute_Definition: Area of feature in internal units squared. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: AnnoGeochronPts Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: CamasChemistryPts Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: CamasChemistry Entity_Type_Definition: Chemical Data for points on map Entity_Type_Definition_Source: Authors Attribute: Attribute_Label: OBJECTID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: SHAPE Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features. Attribute: Attribute_Label: PTTYPE Attribute_Definition: Point type attribute, "chem" Attribute_Definition_Source: Author Attribute: Attribute_Label: SAMPNO Attribute_Definition: Sample number used in field collection Attribute_Definition_Source: Authors Attribute: Attribute_Label: MAP_NO Attribute_Definition: Number designation on map Attribute: Attribute_Label: LATITUDE Attribute_Definition: Measurement of latitude Attribute: Attribute_Label: LONGITUDE Attribute_Definition: Measurement of longitude Attribute: Attribute_Label: MAP_UNIT Attribute_Definition: Geologic unit sample is located within Attribute: Attribute_Label: ROCK_TYPE Attribute_Definition: Physical type of rock from which sample was taken Attribute: Attribute_Label: SIO2 Attribute_Definition: Silicon concentration expressed as weight percent oxide Attribute: Attribute_Label: TIO2 Attribute_Definition: Titanium concentration expressed as weight percent oxide Attribute: Attribute_Label: AL2O3 Attribute_Definition: Aluminum concentration expressed as weight percent oxide Attribute: Attribute_Label: FEO Attribute_Definition: Total iron concentration expressed as weight percent ferrous iron oxide Attribute: Attribute_Label: MNO Attribute_Definition: Manganese concentration expressed as weight percent oxide Attribute: Attribute_Label: MGO Attribute_Definition: Magnesium concentration expressed as weight percent oxide Attribute: Attribute_Label: CAO Attribute_Definition: Calcium concentration expressed as weight percent oxide Attribute: Attribute_Label: NA2O Attribute_Definition: Sodium concentration expressed as weight percent oxide Attribute: Attribute_Label: K2O Attribute_Definition: Potassium concentration expressed as weight percent oxide Attribute: Attribute_Label: P2O5 Attribute_Definition: Phosphorous concentration expressed as weight percent oxide Attribute: Attribute_Label: TOTAL Attribute_Definition: Total of weight percent oxides Attribute: Attribute_Label: SIO2_N Attribute_Definition: Silicon expressed as weight percent oxide from analysis recalculated volatile-free Attribute: Attribute_Label: TIO2_N Attribute_Definition: Titanium expressed as weight percent oxide from analysis recalculated volatile-free Attribute: Attribute_Label: AL2O3_N Attribute_Definition: Aluminum expressed as weight percent oxide from analysis recalculated volatile-free Attribute: Attribute_Label: FEO__N Attribute_Definition: : Total iron concentration expressed as weight percent ferrous iron oxide from analysis recalculated volatile-free Attribute: Attribute_Label: MNO_N Attribute_Definition: Manganese expressed as weight percent oxide from analysis recalculated volatile-free Attribute: Attribute_Label: MGO_N Attribute_Definition: Magnesium expressed as weight percent oxide from analysis recalculated volatile-free Attribute: Attribute_Label: CAO_N Attribute_Definition: Calcium expressed as weight percent oxide from analysis recalculated volatile-free Attribute: Attribute_Label: NA2O_N Attribute_Definition: Sodium expressed as weight percent oxide from analysis recalculated volatile-free Attribute: Attribute_Label: K2O_N Attribute_Definition: Potassium expressed as weight percent oxide from analysis recalculated volatile-free Attribute: Attribute_Label: P2O5_N Attribute_Definition: Phosphorous expressed as weight percent oxide from analysis recalculated volatile-free Attribute: Attribute_Label: PLAGIOCL Attribute_Definition: Modal percent plagioclase phenocrysts Attribute: Attribute_Label: CLINOPYR Attribute_Definition: Modal percent clinopyroxene phenocrysts Attribute: Attribute_Label: ORTHOPYR Attribute_Definition: Modal percent orthopyroxene phenocrysts Attribute: Attribute_Label: OLIVINE Attribute_Definition: Modal percent olivine phenocrysts Attribute: Attribute_Label: FE_TI_OX Attribute_Definition: Modal percent iron-oxide phenocrysts Attribute: Attribute_Label: OTHER Attribute_Definition: Modal percent other phenocrysts Attribute: Attribute_Label: GROUNDMASS Attribute_Definition: Modal percent of groundmass Attribute: Attribute_Label: NO__POINTS Attribute_Definition: Number of points counted for modes Attribute: Attribute_Label: TEXTURE Attribute_Definition: Rock and groundmass texture Attribute: Attribute_Label: MG Attribute_Definition: Magnesium concentration in parts per million Attribute: Attribute_Label: BA Attribute_Definition: Barium concentration in parts per million Attribute: Attribute_Label: RB Attribute_Definition: Rubidium concentration in parts per million Attribute: Attribute_Label: SR Attribute_Definition: Strontium concentration in parts per million Attribute: Attribute_Label: Y Attribute_Definition: Yttrium concentration in parts per million Attribute: Attribute_Label: ZR Attribute_Definition: Zirconium concentration in parts per million Attribute: Attribute_Label: NB Attribute_Definition: Niobium concentration in parts per million Attribute: Attribute_Label: NI Attribute_Definition: Nickel concentration in parts per million Attribute: Attribute_Label: CU Attribute_Definition: Copper concentration in parts per million Attribute: Attribute_Label: ZN Attribute_Definition: Zinc concentration in parts per million Attribute: Attribute_Label: CR Attribute_Definition: Chromium concentration in parts per million Attribute: Attribute_Label: COMMENTS Attribute_Definition: Specific notes about samples Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: AnnoChemPts Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: CamasChemistryAnno Attribute: Attribute_Label: OBJECTID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: SHAPE Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features. Attribute: Attribute_Label: FeatureID Attribute: Attribute_Label: ZOrder Attribute: Attribute_Label: AnnotationClassID Attribute: Attribute_Label: Element Attribute: Attribute_Label: SymbolID Attribute: Attribute_Label: Status Attribute: Attribute_Label: TextString Attribute: Attribute_Label: FontName Attribute: Attribute_Label: FontSize Attribute: Attribute_Label: Bold Attribute: Attribute_Label: Italic Attribute: Attribute_Label: Underline Attribute: Attribute_Label: VerticalAlignment Attribute: Attribute_Label: HorizontalAlignment Attribute: Attribute_Label: XOffset Attribute: Attribute_Label: YOffset Attribute: Attribute_Label: Angle Attribute: Attribute_Label: FontLeading Attribute: Attribute_Label: WordSpacing Attribute: Attribute_Label: CharacterWidth Attribute: Attribute_Label: CharacterSpacing Attribute: Attribute_Label: FlipAngle Attribute: Attribute_Label: Override Attribute: Attribute_Label: SHAPE_Length Attribute_Definition: Length of feature in internal units. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: SHAPE_Area Attribute_Definition: Area of feature in internal units squared. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: AnnoChemPts Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: CamasRadiocarbonPts Attribute: Attribute_Label: OBJECTID_1 Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: Shape Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features. Attribute: Attribute_Label: MAP_NO Attribute_Definition: Number designation on map Attribute: Attribute_Label: FIELD_SAMPLE Attribute_Definition: Date of sample taken in the field collection and order taken Attribute: Attribute_Label: LAB_SAMPLE Attribute_Definition: Number of laboratory sample Attribute: Attribute_Label: LATITUDE Attribute_Definition: Measurement of latitude Attribute: Attribute_Label: LONGITUDE Attribute_Definition: Measurement of longitude Attribute: Attribute_Label: STRATIGRAPHIC_CONTEXT Attribute_Definition: Stratigraphy notes which unit and where in the unit Attribute: Attribute_Label: MATERIAL_DATED Attribute_Definition: Material that was submitted Attribute: Attribute_Label: CONVENTIONIONAL_AGE Attribute_Definition: Conventional age date Attribute: Attribute_Label: C13_12C Attribute_Definition: Carbon 12 Attribute: Attribute_Label: CALIBRATED_AGE Attribute_Definition: Calibrated information, ranges of ages Attribute: Attribute_Label: SOURCE Attribute_Definition: Source of reference for radiometric age Attribute: Attribute_Label: PTTYPE Attribute_Definition: Point type attribute "radiometric" Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: AnnoRadiocarbonPts Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: CamasRadiocarbonPtsAnno Attribute: Attribute_Label: OBJECTID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: SHAPE Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features. Attribute: Attribute_Label: FeatureID Attribute: Attribute_Label: ZOrder Attribute: Attribute_Label: AnnotationClassID Attribute: Attribute_Label: Element Attribute: Attribute_Label: SymbolID Attribute: Attribute_Label: Status Attribute: Attribute_Label: TextString Attribute: Attribute_Label: FontName Attribute: Attribute_Label: FontSize Attribute: Attribute_Label: Bold Attribute: Attribute_Label: Italic Attribute: Attribute_Label: Underline Attribute: Attribute_Label: VerticalAlignment Attribute: Attribute_Label: HorizontalAlignment Attribute: Attribute_Label: XOffset Attribute: Attribute_Label: YOffset Attribute: Attribute_Label: Angle Attribute: Attribute_Label: FontLeading Attribute: Attribute_Label: WordSpacing Attribute: Attribute_Label: CharacterWidth Attribute: Attribute_Label: CharacterSpacing Attribute: Attribute_Label: FlipAngle Attribute: Attribute_Label: Override Attribute: Attribute_Label: SHAPE_Length Attribute_Definition: Length of feature in internal units. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: SHAPE_Area Attribute_Definition: Area of feature in internal units squared. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: AnnoRadiocarbonPts Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: CamasFossilPts Attribute: Attribute_Label: OBJECTID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Attribute: Attribute_Label: SHAPE Attribute_Definition: Feature geometry. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Coordinates defining the features. Attribute: Attribute_Label: PTTYPE Attribute_Definition: Point feature attribute, “fossil locality” Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Title: camas.tif Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Online_Linkage: camas.tif Description: Abstract: BASE MAP-The base map for the digital compilation is a Digital Raster Graphic (DRG) of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1:24,000-scale topographic map of the Camas 7.5' quadrangle (1993), which has a 10-foot contour interval. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the Universal Transverse Mercator projection, zone 10. The horizontal positional accuracy and datum of the DRG matches the accuracy and datum of the source map. The base map layer is a digital image, but no information other than location is attached to the lines. The base map is provided for reference only. Purpose: Base material for geology map Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 2008 Currentness_Reference: publication date Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.501108 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -122.373613 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 45.625615 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 45.499385 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: DRG Theme_Keyword: DRG Access_Constraints: none Use_Constraints: none Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.2.4.1420 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Pixel Row_Count: 5723 Column_Count: 4041 Vertical_Count: 1 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 2.438400 Ordinate_Resolution: 2.438400 Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: USGS Information Services Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: Box 25286, Denver Federal Center City: Denver State_or_Province: CO Postal_Code: 80225-0046 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (303) 202-4200 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (303) 202-4695 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: infoservices@usgs.gov Resource_Description: Downloadable Data USGS Scientific Investigations Map SIM-3017 Distribution_Liability: Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this publication has been subjected to rigorous review and is substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, it is released on condition that neither the USGS nor the United States Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from its authorized or unauthorized use. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/sim/3017 Fees: free Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20080219 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey Pacific Northwest Urban Corridor Mapping Project Contact_Person: Karen Wheeler Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 345 Middlefield Rd Address: MS 973 City: Menlo Park State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 94025 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (650) 329-4935 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (650) 329-4936 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: kwheeler@usgs.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: local time Metadata_Extensions: Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html Profile_Name: ESRI Metadata Profile