TITLE: Green Manures and Cover Crops
PUBLICATION DATE: September 1993
ENTRY DATE: April 1995
EXPIRATION DATE:
UPDATE FREQUENCY:
CONTACT: Jane Gates
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DOCUMENT TYPE: text
DOCUMENT SIZE: 27 3k (127 pages)
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ISSN: 1052-5378
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National Agricultural Library
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Green Manures and Cover Crops
January 1991 - July 1993
QB 93-68
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Green Manures and Cover Crops
January 1991 - July 1993
Quick Bibliography Series: QB 93-68
Updates QB 92-11
268 citations in English from AGRICOLA
Jane Potter Gates
Alternative Farming Systems Information Center
September 1993 National Agricultural Library cataloging Record:
Gates, Jane Potter
Green manures and cover crops.
(Quick bibliography series ; 93-68)
1. Green manure crops--Bibliography. 2. Cover crops--
Bibliography. I. Title.
aZ5071.N3 no.93-68
AGRICOLA
Citations in this bibliography were entered in the AGRICOLA
database between January 1979 and the present.
SAMPLE CITATIONS
Citations in this bibliography are from the National
Agricultural Library's AGRICOLA database. An explanation of
sample journal article, book, and audiovisual citations
appears below.
JOURNAL ARTICLE:
Citation # NAL Call No.
Article title.
Author. Place of publication: Publisher. Journal Title.
Date. Volume (Issue). Pages. (NAL Call Number).
Example:
1 NAL Call No.: DNAL 389.8.SCH6
Morrison, S.B. Denver, Colo.: American School Food Service
Association. School foodservice journal. Sept 1987. v. 41
(8). p.48-50. ill.
BOOK:
Citation # NAL Call Number
Title.
Author. Place of publication: Publisher, date. Information
on pagination, indices, or bibliographies.
Example:
1 NAL Call No.: DNAL RM218.K36 1987
Exploring careers in dietetics and nutrition.
Kane, June Kozak. New York: Rosen Pub. Group, 1987.
Includes index. xii, 133 p.: ill.; 22 cm. Bibliography:
p. 126.
AUDIOVISUAL:
Citation # NAL Call Number
Title.
Author. Place of publication: Publisher, date.
Supplemental information such as funding. Media format
(i.e., videocassette): Description (sound, color, size).
Example:
1 NAL Call No.: DNAL FNCTX364.A425 F&N AV
All aboard the nutri-train.
Mayo, Cynthia. Richmond, Va.: Richmond Public Schools,
1981. NET funded. Activity packet prepared by Cynthia
Mayo. 1 videocassette (30 min.): sd., col.; 3/4 in. +
activity packet. GREEN MANURES AND COVER CROPS
SEARCH STRATEGY
Set Items Description
S1 2767 COVER/TI,DE
S2 65813 CROP?/TI,DE
S3 629 COVER()CROP?/TI,DE
S4 8327 GREEN/TI,DE
S5 5465 MANUR?/TI,DE
S6 616 GREEN()MANURE?/TI,DE
S7 4364 LIVING
S8 1770 MULCH?
S9 38 LIVING(W)MULCH?
S10 86 OVERSEED?
S11 124 LIVING()MULCH? OR OVERSEED?
S12 1325 S3 OR S6 OR S11
S13 412 AZOLLA
S14 40525 INDIA?
S15 1219 S12 NOT (AZOLLA OR INDIA?)
S16 1019 S15/ENG
S17 413 PUTTING
S18 22011 GREEN?
S19 69 PUTTING(W)GREEN?
S20 603 GOLF
S21 22011 GREEN?
S22 80 GOLF(W)GREEN?
S23 1007 S16 NOT (PUTTING()GREEN? OR GOLF()GREEN?)
S24 1007 S23/ENG
S25 255527 UD=9101 : UD=9999
S26 256 S24 AND UD=9101 : UD=9999
GREEN MANURES AND COVER CROPS
1 NAL Call. No.: 381 J8223
[14C]-gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane in a flooded soil with green
manuring. Drego, J.; Murthy, N.B.K.; Raghu, K.
Washington, D.C. : American Chemical Society; 1990 Jan.
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry v. 38 (1): p.
266-268; 1990 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Hch; Microbial degradation; Soil; Green manures
Abstract: The fate of [14C]-gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane
(gamma-HCH) was studied in green manure amended and unamended
flooded soils with a continuous-flow system permitting 14C
mass balance. There was a greater loss of radioactivity in the
form of organic volatiles and 14CO2 in green manure amended
than unamended soil. The organic volatile compound formed was
identified as benzene. Green manure amendment considerably
decreased the levels of extractable residues from soil. Bound
residue formation was also less in green manure amended than
unamended soil.
2 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Activity of nitrification processes in the fall and winter
months. Bartholomew, R.P.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1932 Jun.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 24 (6): p.
435-442; 1932 Jun.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arkansas; Secale cereale; Vicia; Cover crops;
Nitrification; Soil biology; Nitrates; Nitrogenous compounds;
Soil fertility; Nitrogen content; Autumn; Winter; Air
temperature; Cultivation; Silt loam soils; Sandy loam soils
Abstract: Results of experiments to determine whether
nitrification takes place in soils which are subjected to cold
periods with intermittent warm periods are reported. Studies
to determine the value and efficiency of cover crops are also
reported. The results may be summarized as follows: (1)
Nitrates were produced in soil during the fall and winter
months; (2) relatively large amounts of nitrates disappeared
from soils not planted to cover crops; and (3) cover crops are
efficient means of preventing loss of soluble nitrogenous
compounds from the soil.
3 NAL Call. No.: SB950.A1I66
Ageratum cover crops aids citrus biocontrol in China.
Zhang, A.; Olkowski, W.
Berkeley, Calif. : Bio-Integral Resource Center; 1989 Sep. The
IPM practitioner v. 11 (9): p. 8-10; 1989 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: China; Ageratum conyzoides; Biological control;
Citrus fruits; Mite control; Predatory mites
4 NAL Call. No.: QH573.N37
Allelopathic control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-
lycopersici. Jarvis, W.R.
Berlin, W. Ger. : Springer-Verlag; 1989.
NATO ASI series : Series H : Cell biology v. 28: p. 479-486;
1989. In the series analytic: Vascular wilt diseases of
plants: basic studies and control / edited by E.C. Tjamos and
C.H. Beckman. Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research
Workshop on the Interaction of Genetic and Environmental
Factors in the Development of Vascular Wilt Diseases of
Plants, May 22-27, 1988, Athens, Greece. Literature review.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lycopersicon esculentum; Fusarium oxysporum;
Fungal diseases; Root rots; Fungus control; Plant disease
control; Allelopathy; Fungal antagonists; Green manures;
Allelochemicals; Literature reviews; Lactuca sativa; Taraxacum
officinale
5 NAL Call. No.: 79.9 SO8 (P)
Allelopathic cover crops to reduce herbicide input.
Worsham, A.D.
Raleigh, N.C. : The Society :.; 1991.
Proceedings - Southern Weed Science Society v. 44: p. 58-69;
1991. Paper presented at the meeting on "Perception: Fact or
Fiction", held January 14-16, 1991, San Antonio, Texas.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Cover crops; Allelopathy;
Herbicides; Application rates; Weed control
6 NAL Call. No.: S494.5.S86S8
Alternative soil and pest management practices for sustainable
production of fresh-market cabbage.
Roberts, B.W.; Cartwright, B.
Binghamton, N.Y. : Food Products Press; 1991.
Journal of sustainable agriculture v. 1 (3): p. 21-35; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oklahoma; Brassica oleracea; Secale cereale;
Vicia villosa; Cover crops; Soil; Sustainability; Soil
management; Pest management
7 NAL Call. No.: 100 L939
Alternative tillage systems and cover crops for cotton
production on the Macon Ridge.
Hutchinson, R.L.; Shelton, W.L.
Baton Rouge, La. : The Station; 1990.
Louisiana agriculture - Louisiana Agricultural Experiment
Station v. 33 (4): p. 6-8; 1990.
Language: English
Descriptors: Louisiana; Gossypium; Crop production; Tillage;
Systems; Cover crops
8 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
The availability of hydrated lime, limestone, and dolomite of
two degrees of fineness, with supplements of red clover hay,
as measured by lysimeter leachings.
MacIntire, W.H.; Sanders, K.B.; Shaw, W.M.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1933 Apr.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 25 (4): p.
285-297; 1933 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Trifolium pratense; Liming materials; Fineness;
Lysimetry; Green manures; Carbonates; Bicarbonates; Nitrates;
Sulfates; Potassium; Nitrate nitrogen
Abstract: In applying the foregoing results obtained in a 4-
year study with 18 pairs of lysimeters several points are to
be considered. Commercial limestone and the home-ground
products differ. The former is often a product consisting
solely of finely ground material. The latter is generally a
mixture of different finenesses, limited by the character of
rock as it affects tonnage per diem in grinding, wear on
machinery, and ultimate cost. Since the commercial products
are usually finer than the coarser separates used in the
present experiment, the results may be interpreted as applying
directly for such products and for types of soil similar to
the one used and under comparable climatic conditions. For a
soil of good fixing capacity, even without marked acidity, the
100- to 200-mesh fineness of either limestone or dolomite is
comparable to an equivalence of hydrated lime, when evaluated
by enhanced nitrification and sulfate generation, soluble Ca
plus Mg, and repressive effects upon potassium solubility for
the 4-year period. The same holds for the 40- to 50-mesh
limestone. The 40- to 50-mesh dolomite is not so readily
available during the first year, but the disparity is not
great. Since the heavier types of soils of greater acidity
would effect a disintegration more rapid and intensive than
that found for the well-buffered, near-neutral soil used, it
would follow that the fineness of 40- to 50-mesh is ample for
such soils, especially if an appreciable period elapse between
the incorporation and the seeding. For sandy soils, however,
it would be expected that the differences attributable to
fineness would be greater than those found for the heavier
type of soil. This would be especially true in case of the
less soluble dolomite, which should be exceedingly fine when
used in sandy soils. Although the total amounts of soluble Ca
plus Mg derived from the several dolomite additions were
generally comparable to, though slightly in excess of, those
found for the corresponding li
9 NAL Call. No.: S79.E8 no.17
Bacteriological effects of green manure study no. III.
Briscoe, Chas. F.; Harned, Horace Hammerton, 1886-
Agricultural College, Miss. : Mississippi Agricultural
Experiment Station,; 1929.
11 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. s. (Technical bulletin (Mississippi
Agricultural Experiment Station) ; no. 17.). Cover title.
Pts. 1 and 2 published in Mississippi Agricultural Experiment
Station Bulletin 168 and 185.
Language: English
Descriptors: Green manuring
10 NAL Call. No.: S1.N32
Bank on buckwheat: it's one of the best weed-smothering crops
money can buy. Hofstetter, B.
Emmaus, Pa. : Rodale Institute; 1992 Feb.
The New farm v. 14 (2): p. 52-53; 1992 Feb.
Language: English
Descriptors: Buckwheat; Cover crops; Weed control
11 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.M9M65
Berseem clover: a potential hay and green manure crop for
Montana. Baldridge, D.; Dunn, R.; Ditterline, R.; Sims, J.;
Welty, L.; Wichman, D.; Westcott, M.; Stalknecht, G.
Bozeman, Mont. : The Service; 1992 Jan.
Montguide MT : Agriculture - Montana State University,
Cooperative Extension Service (9201): 3 p.; 1992 Jan.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Montana; Trifolium alexandrinum; Bloat; Hay; Crop
yield; Field tests; Nutrient content; Green manures
12 NAL Call. No.: TD930.A32
Bioresource potential of Sesbania bispinosa (Jacq.) W. F.
Wight. Prasad, M.N.V.
Essex : Elsevier Science Publishers; 1993.
Bioresource technology v. 44 (3): p. 251-254; 1993. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sesbania bispinosa; Green manures; Salt tolerance
13 NAL Call. No.: 280.8 SY8
Bugs, weeds, and fine wine.
Hamilton, J.
New York, N.Y. : McGraw-Hill :.; 1992 Aug10.
Business week (3278): p. 30; 1992 Aug10.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Cover crops; Organic farming;
Viticulture; Sustainability
14 NAL Call. No.: QK898.N6N52
Cajanus cajan accession evaluation for green leaf manure
production and coppicing ability.
Rosecrance, R.; Dominick, W.; Macklin, B.
Bangkok, Thailand : Thailand Institute of Scientific and
Technological Research; 1989 Aug.
Nitrogen fixing tree research reports v. 7: p. 81-82; 1989
Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Hawaii; Cajanus cajan; Biomass production; Green
manures; Coppicing; Variety trials; Crop yield; Cultivars
15 NAL Call. No.: QH84.8.B46
Carbon dioxide evolution from wheat and lentil residues as
affected by grinding, added nitrogen, and the absence of soil.
Bremer, E.; Houtum, W. van; Van Kessel, C.
Berlin : Springer International; 1991.
Biology and fertility of soils .v 11 (3): p. 221-227; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Plant residues; Lentils; Wheat;
Green manures; Soil air; Soil biology; Carbon-nitrogen ratio;
Carbon dioxide; Decomposition; Nitrogen; Particle size
16 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Chemical and microbiological principles underlying the
decomposition of green manures in the soil.
Waksman, S.A.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1929 Jan.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 21 (1): p.
1-18; 1929 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Green manures; Decomposition; Microbial
degradation; Chemical degradation; Soil bacteria; Soil
chemistry
17 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Chemical and microbiological principles underlying the
transformation of organic matter in the preparation of
artificial manures.
Waksman, S.A.; Tenney, F.G.; Diehm, R.A.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1929 May.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 21 (5): p.
533-546; 1929 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Green manures; Animal manures; Decomposition;
Chemical degradation; Microbial degradation; Soil organic
matter
18 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Chemical attributes of soils subjected to no-till cropping
with rye cover crops.
Eckert, D.J.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 Mar.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (2): p. 405-409;
1991 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ohio; Secale cereale; Zea mays; Glycine max; Soil
chemistry; Calcium; Carbon; Magnesium; Nitrogen fertilizers;
Phosphorus; Potassium; No-tillage; Rotations; Soil fertility;
Soil physical properties
Abstract: Rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crops are often
promoted to supply additional residue in no-till production
situations; however, the effect of inclusion of rye on soil
chemical properties is largely unknown. Soils were sampled, 20
cm deep, from four 4-yr studies in which no-till corn (Zea
mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) were grown
continuously or in rotation on a Canfield silt loam (fine-
loamy, mixed, mesic Aquic Fragiudalf) or in rotation only on a
Hoytville silty clay (fine, illitic, mesic Mollic Ochraqualf),
with and without a winter rye cover crop. Corn had been
fertilized each spring with 224 kg N ha(-1) as either injected
anhydrous ammonia or surface-broadcast urea-ammonium nitrate
(UAN) solution. All plots sampled showed greater
concentrations of organic C, exchangeable K, and Bray-1
extractable P in the surface 5-cm increment of soil than
deeper in the sampled profile. Exchangeable Ca and Mg
concentrations were often less at this depth than deeper in
the profile, particularly when N was applied as surface-
broadcast UAN solution. Soil pH was generally lowest in the
zone of N application. Addition of the rye cover crop had
little effect on the distribution of chemical attributes,
other than increasing concentrations of exchangeable K near
the soil surface in several comparisons.
19 NAL Call. No.: 80 AM371
A clean choice.
Bremer, A.H.
Chicago, Ill. : American Nurseryman Publishing Company; 1993
Jun01. American nurseryman v. 177 (11): p. 38-41; 1993 Jun01.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ornamental woody plants; Plantations; Cover
crops; Trifolium pratense; Grasses; Crop mixtures
20 NAL Call. No.: SB1.H6
Cold protection of leatherleaf fern using crop covers and
overhead irrigation in shadehouses.
Stamps, R.H.
Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science;
1991 Jul. HortScience v. 26 (7): p. 862-865; 1991 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Arachniodes adiantiformis; Cold;
Protection; Cover crops; Overhead irrigation; Cold injury;
Shading; Greenhouses; Vase life; Responses
Abstract: Four spunbonded crop covers were evaluated for use
with and without irrigation for cold protection of leatherleaf
fern [Rumohra adiantiformis (Forst.) Ching]. Heavier and less
porous covers provided the most protection when used without
over-the-crop irrigation. However, differences in cover weight
and porosity did not affect temperatures under covers when
over-the-crop irrigation was applied. Damage to immature
fronds was decreased by 75% to 99% when the covers were used
alone and by 98% to 99% when the covers were used with over-
the-crop irrigation. Covers had no effect on frond vase life.
21 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.A43
Coming full circle--the new emphasis on soil quality.
Haberern, J.
Greenbelt, Md. : Institute for Alternative Agriculture; 1992.
American journal of alternative agriculture v. 7 (1/2): p.
3-4; 1992.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Soil fertility; Nutrient content; Crops;
Food quality; Soil management; Sustainability; Cover crops;
Rotations
22 NAL Call. No.: 100 M36S no.199
Comparison of commercial fertilizers and stable manure.
College Park : Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station,;
1916. p. [95]-106 ; 23 cm. (Bulletin (Maryland Agricultural
Experiment Station) ; no. 199.). Caption title. December,
1916.
Language: English
Descriptors: Fertilizers; Farm manure; Green manuring
23 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
A comparison of legume intercycle crops for pineapples.
Magistad, O.C.; King, N.; Allen, O.N.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1934 May.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 26 (5): p.
372-380; 1934 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Hawaii; Ananas comosus; Cajanus cajan;
Crotalaria; Cassia tora; Crop yield; Soil physical properties;
Flowering; Seed germination; Seed production; Nitrogen
content; Experimental plots; Moisture content; Weight; Acid
soils; Nitrogen fixation; Cover crops
Abstract: These experiments were conducted at the Wahiawa
Sub-station, Island of Oahu, T.H., with the purpose of testing
the value of six leguminous plants, namely, Cajanus cajan,
Crotalaria juncea, C. spectabilis, C. anagyroides, Stizolobium
utile, and Cassia tora under ordinary growth conditions. 1.
The Latin square method of plat arrangement was followed. The
soil of the plats was acid, pH value 4.9, and very low in
available phosphorus. Both of these conditions were
unfavorable to the good growth of the tested crops. 2.
Relative germination of the respective lots of seed, tonnage
of the crops on a wet and dry basis, and amount of nitrogen
fixed were considered as indices of the suitability of the
crops. The data were mathematically interpreted. 3. Cassia
tora did not prove acceptable as a cover crop under any
conditions provided in this test. 4. The plants tested may be
divided into two general groups with respect to growth period.
Crotalaria juncea and Stizolobium utile excelled in wet weight
and nitrogen content at the end of the 91-day period.
Crotalaria juncea had produced at this period 7,006 pounds of
wet material of which 68.83 +/- 0.96% was moisture and 2.34
+/- 0.025% nitrogen, while Stizolobium utile produced 8,511
pounds of wet material containing 77.58 +/-0.25% moisture and
2.21 +/- 0.156% nitrogen. The remaining plants, together with
S. utile, proved most acceptable after 197 days of growth. 5.
In brief, the legumes may be arranged in descending order with
respect to the following: A. Wet weight at the end of the 91-
day period: Stizolobium utile, Crotalaria juncea, C.
anagyroides, C. spectabilis, Cajanus cajan, Cassia tora. B.
Wet weight at the end of 157 days: Stizolobium utile,
Crotalaria spectabilis, C. anagyroides, Cajanus cajan,
Crotalaria juncea, Cassia tora. C. Dry weights at the end of
91 days: Crotalaria juncea, Stizolobium utile, Crotalaria
anagyroides, Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria spectabilis, Cassia
tora. D. Dry weights at the end of 157 days: Sti
24 NAL Call. No.: 100 V81S no.19
A comparison of methods for determining soil acidity and a
study of the effects of green manures on soil acidity.
Hill, H. H.
Blacksburg, Va. : Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station,;
1919. 25 p. ; 24 cm. (Technical bulletin (Virginia
Agricultural Experiment Station) ; 19.). Cover title.
Includes bibliographical references.
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Soil acidity; Green manuring
25 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
A comparison of tillage systems and cover crops for cotton
production on a loessial soil in northeast Louisiana.
Hutchinson, R.L.; Sharpe, T.R.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1989.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Conferences (Book 2): p.
517-519; 1989. Meeting held January 2-7, 1989, Nashville,
Tennessee. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Louisiana; Gossypium hirsutum; Tillage; Cover
crops; Loess soils; Silt loam soils
26 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.B5
Comparison of weed biomass and flora in four cover crops and a
subsequent lettuce crop on three New England organic farms.
Schonbeck, M.; Browne, J.; Deziel, G.; DeGregorio, R.
Oxon : A B Academic Publishers; 1991.
Biological agriculture and horticulture : an international
journal v. 8 (2): p. 123-143; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Fagopyrum esculentum; Fagopyrum tataricum; Secale
cereale; Avena sativa; Sorghum bicolor; Trifolium pratense;
Lolium multiflorum; Echinochloa crus-galli; Cover crops;
Lactuca sativa; Cultural weed control; Weeds; Biomass;
Botanical composition; Dry matter accumulation; Coverage; Crop
residues; Crop weed competition; Environmental factors;
Climatic factors; Soil fertility; Crop yield; Establishment;
Regrowth; Suppression; Tillage
27 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
A comparison of winter legume green manure and nitrate of soda
for fertilizing cotton.
Hale, G.A.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1936 Feb.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 28 (2): p.
156-159; 1936 Feb.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Gossypium hirsutum; Green manures; Vicia
villosa; Sodium nitrate; Application rates; Crop yield; Crop
density; Sandy loam soils
Abstract: An 8-year field experiment was conducted on Cecil
sandy loam soil at the Georgia Experiment Station in which
winter legume green manure, nitrate of soda, and a combination
of green manure and nitrate of soda were compared for
fertilizing cotton. Hairy vetch and Austrian pea green manure
turned under 2 weeks before planting cotton produced slightly
larger cotton yields than 100 pounds per acre of nitrate of
soda applied when the cotton was planted. Treatments comparing
200 pounds per acre of nitrate of soda and a winter legume
green manure crop for fertilizing cotton showed an 8-year
average difference of 110 pounds seed cotton per acre in favor
of the commercial nitrate. Supplementing the green manure with
100 and 200 pounds of nitrate of soda per acre increased
yields over green manure alone as cotton fertilizer. Stands,
as shown by both the total number of plants and hills per acre
at picking, were slightly better on the green manure and
nitrate of soda alone treatments than on the other treatments
where both fertilizers were used.
28 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
The composition of the spring growth of sweet clover as
influenced by previous fall treatment.
Badger, C.J.; Snider, H.J.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1933 Feb.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 25 (2): p.
105-108; 1933 Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Melilotus alba; Seasonal growth; Mineral content;
Plant analysis; Roots; Shoots; Hay; Removal; Green manures;
Winter hardiness; Plant composition; Harvesting date
Abstract: This study was carried out in order to determine
the influence of the practice of removing a fall hay crop upon
the composition of the sweet clover the following spring at
about the stage of growth that it is usually plowed under as a
green manure. The effect of cutting on September 18 as well as
on October 18 was compared to that where no hay was removed.
Analysis of the sweet clover tops and roots show that removal
of the fall growth reduced the total dry matter, total
nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the following spring
growth. The results show also that cutting for fall hay
reduces the vitality or winter resistance of the sweet clover
plants. This was reflected in a thinner stand and a less
vigorous spring growth where fall cutting was practiced.
29 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N6N62
Conservation tillage for burley tobacco: nitrogen management.
Hoyt, G.D.
Raleigh, N.C. : The Service; 1989 Jan.
AG - North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service, North
Carolina State University v.): p. 26-29; 1989 Jan. In the
series analytic: 1989 burley tobacco information. Includes
statistical data.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Nicotiana tabacum; Conservation
tillage; Nitrogen; Nitrogen fertilizers; Cover crops;
Statistics
30 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Conserving residual corn fertilizer nitrogen with winter cover
crops. Shipley, P.R.; Meisinger, J.J.; Decker, A.M.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Sep.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 84 (5): p.
869-876; 1992 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Maryland; Zea mays; Nitrogen fertilizers;
Nitrogen; Uptake; Winter; Cover crops; Vicia villosa;
Trifolium incarnatum; Secale cereale; Lolium multiflorum;
Fallow; Weed control; Stellaria media; Nutrients;
Conservation; Recovery; Dry matter accumulation; Silt loam
soils
Abstract: Autumn residual fertilizer nitrogen (FN) can be
easily leached into groundwater in humid climates. Winter
cover crops were evaluated for their ability to assimilate
residual corn FN and thereby reduce N losses. Labelled FN (15N
depleted) was applied to corn in Maryland in 1986 and 1987 at
rates of 0, 168, and 336 kg FN ha-1 on a Mattapex silt loam
(fine-loamy, mixed, typic Hapludult). Cover crop treatments
following corn harvest were hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth),
crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), cereal rye (Secale
cereale L.), or annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), and
a weed/fallow control of chickweed (Stellaria media L.). The
covers were harvested three times the following spring and dry
matter yields (DM), %N, and atom % 15N were determined to
assess FN uptake. Fall labelled N in the soil (to 80 cm)
averaged 17 and 114 kg FN ha-1 over both years for the 168 and
336 kg FN ha-1 rates, respectively. However, the quantity of
total residual mineral N (soil N plus FN) after the 168 kg
ha-1 rate was 87 kg N ha-1, which was comparable to the
quantity of labelled N at the high fertilizer rate. The
average cover crop FN uptake (kg FN ha-1) in mid-April after
the 336 kg N ha-1 treatment was 48 for cereal rye, 29 for
annual ryegrass, 9 for hairy vetch, 8 for crimson clover, and
6 kg FN ha-1 for the native weed cover (LSD P = 0.05 of 7 kg
FN ha-1). Corresponding percent recoveries of the fall N in
the aboveground DM were 45% for cereal rye, 27% for annual
ryegrass, 10% for hairy vetch, 8% for crimson clover, and 8%
for native weed cover. These results show that grass cover
crops conserved the most FN. Cereal rye recovered wore FN
through mid-April because of its growth in cool weather,
although annual ryegrass was equally effective if grown to
mid-May. Renewed efforts should be made to utilize grass cover
crops to conserve N in humid climates.
31 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Control of weeds in cotton with winter covercrops.
Keeley, P.; Thullen, R.; Carter, L.; Chesson, J.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1992.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Conferences v. 3: p. 1304-1307;
1992. Paper presented at the Cotton Weed Science Research
Conference, 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium; Cover crops; Weeds; Pest control
32 NAL Call. No.: SB925.B5
Cool-season cover crops in the pecan orchard understory:
effects on Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) and pecan aphids
(Homoptera: Aphididae). Bugg, R.L.; Dutcher, J.D.; McNeill,
P.J.
Orlando, Fla. : Academic Press; 1991 Jun.
Biological control v. 1 (1): p. 8-15; 1991 Jun. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Carya illinoensis; Orchards; Cover
crops; Vicia villosa; Secale cereale; Population density;
Biological control agents; Natural enemies; Hippodamia
convergens; Coccinellidae; Coccinella septempunctata;
Biological control; Rhopalosiphum padi; Frankliniella;
Acyrthosiphon pisum; Acyrthosiphon kondoi
33 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Cool-season cover crops relay intercropped with cantaloupe:
influence on a generalist predator, Geocoris punctipes
(Hemiptera: Lygaeidae). Bugg, R.L.; Wackers, F.L.; Brunson,
K.E.; Dutcher, J.D.; Phatak, S.C. Lanham, Md. : Entomological
Society of America; 1991 Apr. Journal of economic entomology
v. 84 (2): p. 408-416; 1991 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Cucumis melo; Cover crops; Insect
control; Intercropping; Predators of insect pests; Beneficial
insects; Density; Geocoris punctipes
Abstract: Cool-season cover crops were used in efforts to
enhance densities of entomophagous insects on relay-
intercropped spring plantings of cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.
var. reticulatus Seringe). Eight cover-cropping regimes,
including a weedy fallow control, were tested in a replicated
trial. Cover crop significantly affected densities of the
predominant predator, a bigeyed bug, Geocoris punctipes (Say),
amid cover crops, on or near cantaloupe plants, and on or near
sentinel egg masses of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda
(J. E. Smith) pinned to cantaloupe leaves. No significant
difference was found for proportions of egg masses occupied or
damaged by predators. For all indices of predator abundance
and efficiency, absolute responses were highest for the plots
of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L., 'Mt.
Barker'). Numbers of G. punctipes per sentinel egg mass were
significantly greater for the subterranean clover regime than
for rye, crimson clover, and a polyculture of six cover crops,
but were not significantly greater than for 'Vantage' vetch or
the weedy fallow control plots. Rye showed particularly low
densities of G. punctipes. Cover crops had no apparent effect
on densities of aphids or whiteflies (Homoptera: Aphididae,
Aleyrodidae) on cantaloupe leaves.
34 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Corn growth and yield in an alfalfa living mulch system.
Eberlein, C.V.; Sheaffer, C.C.; Oliveira, V.F.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Jul.
Journal of production agriculture v. 5 (3): p. 332-339; 1992
Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Minnesota; Zea mays; Medicago sativa; Mulches;
Plant competition; Soil water content; No-tillage; Plowing;
Atrazine; Glyphosate; Suppression; Available water; Irrigated
conditions; Crop yield; Grain; Meteorological factors;
Seasonal variation; Growth analysis; Soil conservation
35 NAL Call. No.: QK898.N6N52
Corn growth as affected by nitrogen fixing tree and grass
plant materials supplemented by P and K fertilizers.
Tiraa, A.N.; Asghar, M.
Bangkok, Thailand : Thailand Institute of Scientific and
Technological Research; 1990 Aug.
Nitrogen fixing tree research reports v. 8: p. 83-84; 1990
Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Leguminosae; Nitrogen fixing trees;
Gramineae; Green manures; Phosphorus; Fertilizers; Potassium
fertilizers; Crop yield; Crop residues
36 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Corn response to rye cover crop management and spring tillage
systems. Rainbault, B.A.; Vyn, T.J.; Tollenaar, M.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1990 Nov.
Agronomy journal v. 82 (6): p. 1088-1093; 1990 Nov. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ontario; Zea mays; Secale cereale; Winter; Cover
crops; Double cropping; Crop residues; No-tillage; Discing;
Plowing; Crop yield; Grain; Dry matter accumulation; Leaf area
index; Flowering date; Erosion; Soil water content; Soil
management
Abstract: The use of a winter rye (Secale cereale L.) corn
(Zea mays L.) double cropping sequence in combination with
appropriate tillage practices could increase biomass
production and reduce soil erosion potential in southern
Ontario. A 3-yr study (1982-1984) was conducted at two
locations to determine the potential of this sequence for
double cropping, and to evaluate spring tillage systems and
management of the rye residue on subsequent productivity of
corn. Winter rye was planted in early October after corn
silage harvest and either chemically killed or harvested as
silage in the spring before corn planting. Rye treatments
consisted of no rye, rye harvested in the spring and rye
residue left on the plots. Spring cultivation treatments were
no-till, tandem discing, and moldboard plowing followed by
secondary tillage. The use of a winter rye cover crop delayed
corn development and reduced corn biomass yield by 11% at the
Elora location and by 17% at the Woodstock location. The
adverse effect of the rye crop was more pronounced under no-
till than where the soil was tilled. Removal or retention of
the rye residue had no consistent effect on the subsequent
corn crop. An allelopathic effect resulting from the rye crop
may be one plausible explanation for the reduction in corn
yield. Total biomass yield (rye + corn) was increased relative
to corn alone, if the soil was cultivated. Therefore, a winter
rye-corn sequence may still be of interest, despite a
reduction in corn yield, especially if advantages such as
total biomass production and the potential for decreased soil
erosion during fall and winter are considered.
37 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Corn response to rye cover crop, tillage methods, and planter
options. Raimbault, B.A.; Vyn, T.J.; Tollenaar, M.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Mar.
Agronomy journal v. 83 (2): p. 287-290; 1991 Mar. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ontario; Zea mays; Cover crops; Secale cereale;
No-tillage; Plowing; Tillage; Planters; Coulters; Crop
residues; Preplanting treatment; Application date; Timing;
Paraquat; Crop yield; Dry matter accumulation
Abstract: Studies in Ontario have shown that corn (Zea mays
L.) yields are reduced when corn is seeded immediately after
rye (Secale cereale L.) harvest or chemical kill of winter
rye. A study was conducted in 1983 and 1984 on a Maryhill
(Typic Hapludalf) loam soil to determine the effect of spring
tillage systems and timing of rye chemical kill on the
subsequent corn crop. The rye was seeded in early October
after corn silage harvest. The tillage treatments consisted of
(i) moldboard plow plus secondary tillage, (ii) strip tillage,
(iii) no-tillage with ripple coulters (iv) no-tillage with
disc furrowers plus plow coulters, and (v) no-tillage with
ripple coulters plus plow coulters. The rye kill treatments
were early (2 wk before planting) or late (just prior to corn
planting). Corn whole-plant yields averaged 13.6 and 12.4 Mg
ha-1 for early and late rye kill, respectively. Corn yield in
the moldboard plow treatment was higher thin in strip tillage
and the average of no-till treatments; however, using disc
furrowers produced yields equal to those with the moldboard
plow treatment. Moving the residue out of the row with disc
furrowers resulted in corn yields that were significantly
higher than those in no-till treatments with ripple coulters.
The improvement in plant growth due to an early rye kill (as
opposed to a late rye kill) was often greater with the
conservation tillage systems relative to the moldboard plow
treatment. A crop production system is proposed involving
chemical control of a winter rye cover crop 2 wk before corn
planting and planting the corn with a modified no-till system
that removes rye residue from the row area.
38 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Cotton genotype response to green-manured annual legumes.
Bauer, P.J.; Roach, S.H.; Green, C.C.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Oct.
Journal of production agriculture v. 4 (4): p. 626-628; 1991
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Carolina; Gossypium hirsutum; Cultivars;
Genotypes; Varietal reactions; Trifolium incarnatum; Vicia
villosa; Winter; Cover crops; Fallow; Incorporation; Crop
density; Crop yield; Seeds; Maturation; Temporal variation;
Biomass production; Desiccation; Paraquat
39 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Cotton lay-by herbicides on wheat, vetch, and winter weeds as
cover crops. Hurst, H.R.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1992.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Conferences v. 3: p. 1308-1312;
1992. Paper presented at the Cotton Weed Science Research
Conference, 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Triticum aestivum; Vetch; Gossypium; Cover crops;
Herbicides; Application methods; Weeds
40 NAL Call. No.: KyUThesis 1991 Prima
Cover crop and tillage effects on soil carbon, nitrogen and
infiltration rate. Prima, Sandra,
1991; 1991.
viii, 74 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm. Includes vita and abstract.
Includes bibliographic references (l. 73).
Language: English
Descriptors: Soils; Cover crops; Tillage
41 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Cover crop management and cotton production on highly erodible
soils. Banks, J.C.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1992.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Conferences v. 3: p. 1173-1174;
1992. Paper presented at the Cotton Soil Management and Plant
Nutrition Conference, 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium; Crop management; Crop production;
Erosion
42 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.A43
Cover crop management effects on soybean and corn growth and
nitrogen dynamics in an on-farm study.
Karlen, D.L.; Doran, J.W.
Greenbelt, Md. : Institute for Alternative Agriculture; 1991.
American journal of alternative agriculture v. 6 (2): p.
71-82; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iowa; Zea mays; Glycine max; Rotations; Vicia
villosa; Secale cereale; Avena sativa; Cover crops; Loam
soils; Conservation tillage; Ridging; Discing; Crop
management; Sustainability; Farming systems research; Crop
residues; Ammonium nitrate; Nitrate nitrogen; Use efficiency;
Nutrient availability; Nutrient uptake; Seasonal growth; Dry
matter accumulation; Nitrogen; Nutrient content; Air
temperature; Rain; Seasonal variation; Soil water content;
Water erosion; Erosion control
Abstract: Combining cover crops and conservation tillage may
result in more sustainable agricultural production practices.
Objectives of this on-farm study were 10 quantify effects of
cover crops on growth and nitrogen accumulation by soybean
[Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and corn (Zea mays L.) on a Nicollet
loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Aquic Hapludoll) near Boone,
Iowa. Our farmer-cooperator planted soybean in 1988 using
ridge tillage into an undisturbed strip with a hairy vetch
(Vicia villosa L. Roth) cover crop and into a strip where
previous crop residue and a negligible amount of cover crop
had been incorporated by autumn and spring disking. In each
strip, we established four plots for soil and plant
measurements. Our cooperator planted corn on the same strips
in 1989 into a cover crop that consisted of both hairy vetch
and winter rye (Secale cereale L.). We determined the source
of N accumulated by the corn by applying 67 kg N/ha of 15N
depleted NH4NO3 fertilizer. In the absence of cover crops,
early season soil NO3-N levels in the top 30 cm were higher,
and corn growth and N accumulation were more rapid. At
harvest, the corn grain, stover, and cob together accounted
for 36 and 39 percent of the 15N fertilizer for the ridge
tillage and disked treatments, respectively. We suggest that
lower net mineralization of organic matter or greater
denitrification losses before planting reduced the
availability of soil N. This created an early season N stress
in corn grown with cover crops that was not overcome by
broadcast fertilizer N applied three weeks after planting. Our
on-farm research study has helped focus continuing efforts to
determine if non-recovered fertilizer N is being immobilized
in microbial biomass, lost by denitrification, or leached
below the plant root zone.
43 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Cover crop management of polysaccharide-mediated aggregation
in an orchard soil.
Roberson, E.B.; Sarig, S.; Firestone, M.K.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 May.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (3): p. 734-738;
1991 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Orchard soils; Prunus domestica;
Carbohydrates; Cover crops; Hordeum vulgare; Lolium perenne;
Triticum aestivum; Microbiology; Polysaccharides; Soil
biology; Soil structure
Abstract: Soil carbohydrates, including microbial
extracellular polysaccharides, stabilize soil aggregates and
improve soil structure. This study examined whether short-term
management of C inputs by cover crops and tillage affected
polysaccharide-mediated macroaggregation. Soil was sampled
from a California prune (Prunus domestica L.) orchard where an
experiment comparing four management techniques, permanent
grass cover crop, mowed cover crop, no-till herbicide, and
conventional tillage, had been in place for two seasons. Cover
crops significantly increased saturated hydraulic
conductivity, acid-extractable heavy-fraction carbohydrates
(those in soil denser than 1.7 g/mL), and macroaggregate
slaking resistance over clean-cultivated or herbicide
treatments. Heavy-fraction carbohydrates are probably mainly
composed of microbial extracellular polysaccharides produced
in response to cover-crop C inputs. Heavy-fraction
carbohydrates were significantly correlated with aggregate
stability and saturated hydraulic conductivity, while total
organic C and light-fraction carbohydrates were not. There
were no differences between soil under herbicide and clean-
cultivation treatments, showing that tillage alone did not
measurably affect carbohydrate or soil structure. Heavy-
fraction carbohydrates were shown to be important in the
initial improvement of soil structure by cover crops.
44 NAL Call. No.: S541.5.M8S7
Cover cropping and N fertilization for no-tillage corn
production in Mississippi.
Varco, J.J.; Marshall, L.K.
Mississippi State : Mississippi Agricultural & Forestry
Experiment Station; 1988 Aug.
Special bulletin (88-1): p. 47-48; 1988 Aug. In series
analytic: Conservation farming: Focus on a better future
/edited by K.H. Remy. Proceedings of the Southern Conservation
Tillage Conference, August 10-12, 1988, Tupelo, Mississippi.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Zea mays; Yield response functions;
No-tillage; Cover crops; Vicia villosa; Lolium perenne;
Ammonium nitrate; Application; Sandy loam soils
45 NAL Call. No.: SB379.A9A9
Cover crops.
McMullin, E.
Carpinteria, Calif. : Rincon Information Management
Corporation; 1992 Apr. California grower v. 16 (9): p. 43-44;
1992 Apr.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Citrus oblonga; Cover crops;
Biological control; Cold injury; Transpiration; Soil texture;
Nitrogen; Weed control; Cost benefit analysis; Water
requirements; Erosion control; Irrigation systems
46 NAL Call. No.: Videocassette no.1447
Cover crops a Blue Moon production.
Blue Moon Productions, Sustainable Farming Association of
Minnesota Lewiston, MN : Sustainable Farming Association of
Minnesota,; 1991. 1 videocassette (18 min.) : sd., col. ; 1/2
in. (Farming for the future: A farmer-to-farmer series.).
Language: English
Descriptors: Cover crops; Catch crops
Abstract: This video demonstrates the dangers of exposing the
soil to climate and aims to teach farmers the methods for
preserving the soil in order to prevent soil erosion.
47 NAL Call. No.: SB284.D58 1991
Cover crops and green manures., 3rd revision 7/91..
Diver, Steve; Sullivan, Preston
Appropriate Technology Transfer for Rural Area (Organization)
Fayetteville, Ark. : Appropriate Technology Transfer for Rural
Areas ;; 1991. 1 v. (various pagings) ; 28 cm. Caption title.
"Prepared by Steve Diver and Preston Sullivan"--P. 13.
Includes bibliographical references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cover crops; Green manure crops
48 NAL Call. No.: NBUSB284 C68 1991
Cover crops for clean water.
Hargrove, W. L.
Soil and Water Conservation Society (U.S.)
Ankeny, Iowa : Soil and Water Conservation Society,; 1991. xi,
198 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. Includes bibliographical references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cover crops; Water-supply; Water quality
management
49 NAL Call. No.: 79.9 W52R
Cover crops for weed suppression in red raspberries.
Kaufman, D.; Karow, R.; Sheets, A.; Williams, R.
S.l. : The Society; 1992.
Research progress report - Western Society of Weed Science. p.
VII/2-VII/3; 1992. Meeting held on March 9-12, 1992, Salt
Lake City, Utah.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oregon; Rubus idaeus; Weed control; Cover crops
50 NAL Call. No.: 100 C12CAG
Cover crops lower soil surface strength, may improve soil
permeability. Folorunso, O.A.; Rolston, D.E.; Prichard, T.;
Louie, D.T. Oakland, Calif. : Division of Agriculture and
Natural Resources, University of California; 1992 Nov.
California agriculture v. 46 (6): p. 26-27; 1992 Nov.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Cover crops; Water intake;
Agricultural land; Resistance to penetration; Infiltration;
Permeability; Soil strength
51 NAL Call. No.: SB321.G85
Cover crops: the key to nitrogen management.
Ashley, R.A.
Storrs, Conn. : Coop. Ext. Serv., USDA, College of Agriculture
& Natural Resources, Univ. of Conn; 1992 Sep.
The Grower : vegetable and small fruit newsletter v. 92 (9):
p. 1-3; 1992 Sep.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cover crops; Groundwater pollution; Nitrogen
fertilizers; Water conservation
52 NAL Call. No.: S1.M57
Cover crops: valuable tools for protecting your soil.
Wooley, D.
Columbia, Mo. : Missouri Farm Publishing Inc; 1992 Oct.
Small Farm Today v. 9 (5): p. 18-19; 1992 Oct.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cover crops; Soil management; Green manures
53 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.C2C3
Covercrops for California agriculture.
Miller, P.R.; Graves, W.L.; Williams, W.A.
Berkeley, Calif. : The Service; 1989 Oct.
Leaflet - University of California, Cooperative Extension
Service (21471): 27 p.; 1989 Oct. B. A. Madson was author of
original 1951 edition entitled "Winter covercrops.". Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Cover crops; Legumes; Nitrogen; Soil
management; Humus; Tilth; Water intake
54 NAL Call. No.: HD1476.U52C27
Covercrops for the central coast region.
Davis, Calif. : U.C.D. Small Farm Center; 1991 Sep.
Small farm news. p. 4; 1991 Sep.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Cover crops; Soil; Diseases
55 NAL Call. No.: 100 M69MI
Crimson clover benefits soil, crops, and producers.
Broadway, R.
Mississippi State, Miss. : The Station; 1991 Dec.
MAFES research highlights - Mississippi Agricultural and
Forestry Experiment Station v. 54 (12): p. 7; 1991 Dec.
Language: English
Descriptors: Trifolium incarnatum; Nitrogen; Nitrogen
fixation; Cover crops; Zea mays; Production costs; No-tillage
56 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Crimson clover management to enhance reseeding and no-till
corn grain production.
Ranells, N.N.; Wagger, M.G.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1993 Jan.
Agronomy journal v. 85 (1): p. 62-67; 1993 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Cover crops; Trifolium incarnatum; No-
tillage; Resowing; Strip cropping; Row orientation; Crop
yield; Grain; Growth rate; Soil water content
Abstract: Economic savings and increased legume-N use
efficiency may result from natural reseeding of winter annual
legume cover crops. A 3-yr experiment was conducted on a Cecil
fine sandy loam (clayey, kaolinitic, thermic Typic
Kanhapludult) to examine the effects of crimson clover
(Trifolium incarnatum L.) strip desiccation width (25, 50, and
75% of row area) and orientation (parallel or perpendicular to
plant row) on soil water depletion, corn (Zea mays L.) growth
and grain yield, and clover reseeding. Additional treatments
included early desiccation (25% parallel strip 2 wk before
corn planting), annual seeding (complete desiccation at corn
planting), and mechanical disruption of clover growth by the
no-tillage planter. Early-season soil water was lower in
annual seeded plots compared to the 25% strip treatments each
year, however, soil water was limiting in only one of 3 yr.
Crimson clover successfully reseeded in all strip treatments
each year, with dry matter production ranging from 3.0 to 5.2
Mg ha-1 in 1990 and from 3.9 to 5.2 Mg ha-1 in 1991. Nitrogen
content of reseeded crimson clover biomass ranged from 86 to
134 kg ha-1 in 1990 and 93 to 111 kg ha-1 in 1991. Corn grain
yield was only marginally affected by clover strip management
in two out of 3 yr. Results suggest that under adequate
moisture conditions a 50% desiccated strip has the potential
to maximize clover N contribution. However, a 75% strip-width
can minimize potential competition with corn for water and
reduce physical impedance of the clover cover crop on corn
growth.
57 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Crimson clover reseeding potential as affected by s-triazine
herbicides. Ranells, N.N.; Wagger, M.G.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1993 Jan.
Journal of production agriculture v. 6 (1): p. 90-93; 1993
Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Trifolium incarnatum; Cover crops; Resowing;
Atrazine; Cyanazine; Simazine; Residual effects; Application
date; Crop growth stage
58 NAL Call. No.: QK1.C83
Crop rotation.
Bullock, D.G.
Boca Raton, Fla. : CRC Press; 1992.
Critical reviews in plant sciences v. 11 (4): p. 309-326;
1992. Literature review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rotations; Soil fertility; Cover crops;
Sustainability; Soil organic matter; Soil structure; Erosion;
Soil flora; Soil fauna; Insect pests; Allelopathy; Literature
reviews
59 NAL Call. No.: 100 N48C (1) no.406
Decomposition of green manures at different stages of growth.
Martin, Thomas Lysons,
Ithaca, N.Y. : Cornell University Agricultural Experiment
Station,; 1921. p. 137-169 ; 23 cm. (Bulletin (Cornell
University. Agricultural Experiment Station) ; 406.).
Bibliography: p. 157.
Language: English
Descriptors: Green manuring
60 NAL Call. No.: 100 N48C (1) no.394
The decomposition of sweet clover (Melilotus alba Desr.) as a
green manure under greenhouse conditions.
Maynard, Leonard A.
Ithaca, N.Y. : Cornell University,; 1917.
p. 119-149 : ill. ; 23 cm. (Bulletin (Cornell University.
Agricultural Experiment Station) ; 394.). Bibliography: p.
148-149.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sweet clover
61 NAL Call. No.: 100 AL1H
Deep tillage ahead of cover crop planting reduces soil
compaction for following crop.
Reeves, D.W.; Touchton, J.T.
Auburn University, Ala. : The Station; 1991.
Highlights of agricultural research - Alabama Agricultural
Experiment Station v. 38 (2): p. 4; 1991.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Soil compaction; Deep tillage; Cover
crops
62 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.I45 1989
Development of organic faming practices for sugarcane based
farms. Mendosa, T.C.
Witzenhausen? : Ekopan; 1990.
Agricultural alternatives and nutritional self-sufficiency :
for a sustainable agricultural system that respects man and
his environment : proc of the IFOAM Seventh Int Scientific
Conference, Ouagadougou, January 2-5, 1989. p. 189-202; 1990.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saccharum officinarum; Glycine max; Vigna
radiata; Rhizobium; Organic farming; Farming systems;
Intercropping; Green manures; Crop residues; Biodegradation;
Row spacing; Row orientation; Planting; Harvesting; Crop
yield; Soil degradation; Land productivity
63 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
The differential influence of certain vegetative covers on
deep subsoil moisture.
Myers, H.E.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1936 Feb.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 28 (2): p.
106-114; 1936 Feb.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kansas; Medicago sativa; Melilotus alba; Glycine
max; Gramineae; Grasses; Depletion; Water deficit; Soil water;
Subsoil; Cover crops; Rain; Moisture equivalent; Soil depth;
Rotations; Continuous cropping
Abstract: Sweet clover grown continuously on soil for two
seasons under the condition of this experiment has reduced the
subsoil moisture in certain instances to a maximum depth of 14
feet. The data indicate that a reduction approaching the
minimum point of exhaustion has extended into the thirteenth
foot section. One year's growth of sweet clover in certain
cases has reduced the moisture to near the minimum point of
exhaustion to a maximum depth of 9 feet. Soybeans growing for
one season have not resulted in the development of a dry layer
below the sixth foot in any plat included in this study. The
depth of the moisture reduction by alfalfa and sweet clover
has been governed largely by the rainfall during the period
when the legume occupied the soil. The growth of sweet clover
for either 1 or 2 years under limited rainfall conditions may
result in the development of a dry layer of depth sufficient
to prevent the utilization of moisture at a lower level by
subsequent alfalfa crops.
64 NAL Call. No.: S1.N32
Drill your cover crops.
Cramer, C.
Emmaus, Pa. : Rodale Institute; 1992 Mar.
The New farm v. 14 (3): p. 19-21; 1992 Mar.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cover crops; Drilling; Rye; Cost benefit analysis
65 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 J822
Dry matter growth performance of red clover and Italian
ryegrass as cover crops spring-seeded into fall-seeded winter
rye in relation to soil physical characteristics.
Edwards, L.M.
Ankeny, Iowa : Soil and Water Conservation Society of America;
1989 May. Journal of soil and water conservation v. 44 (3): p.
243-247; 1989 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Dry matter accumulation; Trifolium pratense;
Lolium multiflorum; Cover crops; Planting date; Spring;
Autumn; Secale cereale; Soil physics; Rotation
66 NAL Call. No.: 1.9 P69P
The effect of cover crops and fertilization with ammonium
nitrate on corky root of lettuce.
Van Bruggen, A.H.C.; Brown, P.R.; Shennan, C.; Greathead, A.S.
St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society; 1990
Aug. Plant disease v. 74 (8): p. 584-588; 1990 Aug. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Lactuca sativa; Cover crops; Ammonium
nitrate; Corking; Roots; Secale cereale; Winter; Crop yield;
Soil water; Soil structure; Inoculum; Seasonal variation;
Vicia faba; Dry matter; Bacterial diseases; Gram negative
bacteria; Disease control; Cultural control; Nitrogen content
67 NAL Call. No.: SD13.C35
Effect of cover crops on Cylindrocladium sp. in an Ontario
bare-root nursery. Juzwik, J.; Testa, F.
Ottawa, Ont. : National Research Council of Canada; 1991 May.
Canadian journal of forest research; Journal canadien de
recherche forestiere v. 21 (5): p. 724-728; 1991 May.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ontario; Conifers; Cylindrocladium scoparium;
Cylindrocladium; Cover crops; Medicago sativa; Sorghum
bicolor; Triticum aestivum; Linum usitatissimum; Root rots;
Forest nurseries
Abstract: Four species were grown as cover crops and
incorporated into soil of field plots at Midhurst Nursery,
Midhurst, Ontario, two times per growing season for 2
successive years. After two seasons, microsclerotial
populations of Cylindrocladium sp. were higher in soils
planted with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L., cv. Vernal) (p =
0.03) and Sudan grass (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, cv. Green
Leaf) (p = 0.10), and not different in soils with spring wheat
(Triticum aestivum L., cv. Glen Lea), than populations in
noncropped, fallow plots. Lower populations of the fungus were
detected in soils planted with flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)
(p < 0.08) than in the fallow ones. Highest disease incidence
in black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) transplants
occurred when grown in plots treated with alfalfa, Sudan
grass, and wheat. Disease incidence was lower in transplants
grown in the flax plots than in those grown in the other plots
(p < 0.001), including the fallow ones (p = 0.055). Spruce
mortality was also less in the flax plots compared with all
other treatment plots (p < 0.001).
68 NAL Call. No.: SB1.J66
Effect of cover crops on soil erosion in nursery aisles.
Cripps, R.W.; Bates, H.K.
Washington, D.C. : Horticultural Research Institute; 1993 Mar.
Journal of environmental horticulture v. 11 (1): p. 5-8; 1993
Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Malus; Acer saccharinum; Live mulches; Lespedeza
cuneata; Lolium perenne; Trifolium incarnatum; Tillage;
Erosion; Runoff; Sediment; Runoff water; Rain; Losses from
soil; Soil conservation; Forest nurseries
69 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 C162
Effect of crop rotations and cultural practices on soil
organic matter, microbial biomass and respiration in a thin
Black Chernozem. Campbell, C.A.; Biederbeck, V.O.; Zentner,
R.P.; Lafond, G.P. Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada;
1991 Aug.
Canadian journal of soil science v. 71 (3): p. 363-376; 1991
Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Triticum aestivum; Melilotus
officinalis; Bromus inermis; Medicago sativa; Chernozems; Soil
organic matter; Crop management; Fertilizers; Rotation;
Continuous cropping; Fallow; Biomass; Respiration;
Mineralization; Carbon; Nitrogen; Carbon dioxide; Carbon-
nitrogen ratio; Plant analysis; Crop residues; Nutrient
content; Green manures; Straw disposal; Crop yield; Grain;
Soil depth; A horizons; Long term experiments
70 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 C162
Effect of crop rotations and fertilization on soil organic
matter and some biochemical properties of a thick Black
Chernozem.
Campbell, C.A.; Canada; Bowren, K.E.; Schnitzer, M.; Zentner,
R.P.; Townley-Smith, L.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1991 Aug.
Canadian journal of soil science v. 71 (3): p. 377-387; 1991
Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Triticum aestivum; Melilotus
officinalis; Bromus inermis; Medicago sativa; Chernozems; Soil
organic matter; Crop management; Fertilizers; Continuous
cropping; Rotations; Fallow; Carbon; Nitrogen; Mineralization;
Amino acids; Spatial distribution; Amino sugars; Carbon-
nitrogen ratio; A horizons; Surface layers; Green manures;
Crop residues; Nutrient content; Soil depth; Biological
activity in soil; Long term experiments
71 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 C162
Effect of cropping practices on the initial potential rate of
N mineralization in a thin Black Chernozem.
Campbell, C.A.; LaFond, G.P.; Leyshon, A.J.; Zentner, R.P.;
Janzen, H.H. Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1991
Feb.
Canadian journal of soil science v. 71 (1): p. 43-53; 1991
Feb. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Triticum aestivum; Bromus inermis;
Medicago sativa; Chernozems; Agricultural soils; Nitrogen;
Mineralization; Soil organic matter; Rotations; Continuous
cropping; Green manures; Fertilizers; Soil fertility;
Sustainability
72 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
The effect of different plant materials, lime, and fertilizers
on the accumulation of soil organic matter.
Turk, L.M.; Millar, C.E.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1936 Apr.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 28 (4): p.
310-324; 1936 Apr.
Language: English
Descriptors: Soil organic matter; Sandy loam soils; Green
manures; Lime; Straw; Carbon; Nitrogen content; Nitrates;
Ammonium sulfate; Calcium; Soil water retention; Moisture
equivalent; Carbon-nitrogen ratio
Abstract: The results of the investigations here reported
show that materials with a wide carbon-nitrogen ratio lost a
larger percentage of their carbon than those with a narrower
ratio. A loss of 69% or more of the added organic matter
occurred in 2 years in every soil except that to which muck
was added. Most of this loss occurred during the first 4
months of the study. Since the experiment was set up in the
greenhouse, decomposition proceeded faster than it does under
most field conditions due to the higher temperature, but the
same relative differences in the variously treated soils would
probably be obtained in the field. Only 25% of the carbon and
18% of the organic matter added in the form of straw applied
at the rate of 20 tons of dry material per acre remained in
the soil at the end of 2 years. Had the soil been growing a
crop which would have utilized some of the nitrogen the
results doubtless would have been lower. This shows the
futility of attempting to build up soil organic matter by
turning under straw or other low-nitrogen materials.
73 NAL Call. No.: 79.9 W52R
Effect of green manure on weed biomass.
Bell, C.E.; Mayberry, K.S.
S.l. : The Society; 1992.
Research progress report - Western Society of Weed Science. p.
VII/4; 1992. Meeting held on March 9-12, 1992, Salt Lake City,
Utah.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Weed control; Biomass; Green manures
74 NAL Call. No.: 100 V81S no.6
The effect of green manuring on soil nitrates under greenhouse
conditions. Hill, Harry H.
Blacksburg, Va. : Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station,;
1915. p. 121-153 ; 24 cm. (Technical bulletin (Virginia
Agricultural Experiment Station) ; 6.). Cover title.
Bibliography: p. 152-153.
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Green manuring; Soils
75 NAL Call. No.: 100 V81S no.73
The effect of green-manure crops on certain properties of
Berks silt loam.. Effect of green manure crops on certain
properties of Berks silt loam Obenshain, S. S.; Gish, P. T.
Blacksburg, Va. : Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station,;
1941. 12 p. ; 24 cm. (Technical bulletin (Virginia
Agricultural Experiment Station) ; 73.). Cover title.
Bibliography: p. 11-12.
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Silt loam; Green manuring
76 NAL Call. No.: S541.5.M8S7
Effect of hairy vetch, crimson clover, and rye cover crops on
yield and quality of no-till flue-cured tobacco in North
Carolina.
Wiepke, T.; Worsham, A.D.; Lemons, R.W.
Mississippi State : Mississippi Agricultural & Forestry
Experiment Station; 1988 Aug.
Special bulletin (88-1): p. 86-88; 1988 Aug. In series
analytic: Conservation farming: Focus on a better future
/edited by K.H. Remy. Proceedings of the Southern Conservation
Tillage Conference, August 10-12, 1988, Tupelo, Mississippi.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Nicotiana tabacum; Flue curing;
No-tillage; Crop yield; Crop quality; Cover crops; Vicia
villosa; Trifolium incarnatum; Secale cereale
77 NAL Call. No.: S451.M9M9
Effect of harvest management and nurse crop on production of
five small-seeded legumes.
Welty, L.E.; Westcott, M.P.; Prestbye, L.S.; Knox, M.L.
Bozeman, Mont. : The Station; 1991.
Montana agresearch - Montana Agricultural Experiment Station,
Montana University v. 8 (1): p. 11-17; 1991. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Montana; Green manures; Trifolium alexandrinum;
Medicago sativa; Trifolium resupinatum; Companion crops; Avena
sativa; Harvesting; Management
78 NAL Call. No.: S596.7.D4
Effect of incorporated green manure crops on subsequent oat
production in an acid, infertile silt loam.
Warman, P.R.
Dordrecht : Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1991.
Developments in plant and soil sciences v. 45: p. 431-435;
1991. In the series analytic: Plant-Soil Interactions at Low
pH / edited by R.J. Wright, V.C. Baligar and R.P. Murrmann.
Proceedings of the Second International Symposium, June 24-29,
1990, Beckley, West Virginia. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Acid soils; Silt loam soils; Green manures; Oryza
sativa; Crop yield
Abstract: A field-size experiment was initiated in 1982 on an
acid, low fertility Springhill silt loam to determine the
effect of five unfertilized green manure crops (alsike clover,
sweet clover, single- and double-cut red clover, and
buckwheat) on subsequent oat production and soil fertility.
The field was limed in 1982 and green manures were seeded
(without fertilizer) in spring, 1983 in 1400 m2 strips
randomly assigned within three treatment blocks. Plant tissue
samples were taken from different locations in each plot in
the fall of 1983 and all crops were incorporated. In 1984 the
field was separated into an upper and lower section and each
section received three rates of NPK fertilizer (0; 30-36-36;
60-72-72 kg per ha-1) spread across the previous strips. Gary
oats were seeded and at harvest were divided into grain and
straw. The results indicated significant effects of field
sample location, green manure type and fertilizer level on oat
yields. Buckwheat significantly reduced oat production
compared to the four clovers, while the highest fertilizer
rate improved oat yields compared with the other levels of
fertilizers. Elemental analysis of the green manure crops and
soil fertility was compared with data of the same crops grown
in more fertile, neutral soils.
79 NAL Call. No.: QK898.N6N52
Effect of incorporating plant materials on corn growth.
Kaufusi, P.; Asghar, M.
Bangkok, Thailand : Thailand Institute of Scientific and
Technological Research; 1990 Aug.
Nitrogen fixing tree research reports v. 8: p. 81-82; 1990
Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Leguminosae; Green manures; Soil
fertility; Growth; Indicator plants; Plant nutrition
80 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
The effect of other crops on tobacco.
Jones, J.P.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1929 Feb.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 21 (2): p.
118-129; 1929 Feb. Paper presented at the "Symposium on
Tobacco Research", Nov. 23, 1928, Washington, D.C. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Maryland; Connecticut; Massachusetts; Ohio;
Nicotiana tabacum; Crop yield; Crop quality; Rotations; Cover
crops; Root rots
81 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.A77
Effect of tillage on soil water and alfalfa establishment in
corn stubble. Stout, W.L.; Byers, R.A.; Bahler, C.C.; Hoffman,
L.D.
New York, N.Y. : Springer; 1990.
Applied agricultural research v. 5 (3): p. 176-180; 1990.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pennsylvania; Medicago sativa; Tillage; Soil
water; Establishment; Maize stover; Soil water content; Secale
cereale; No-tillage; Sowing date; Crop yield; Cover crops;
Sowing depth
Abstract: The effect of soil water on alfalfa (Medicago
sativa L.) seedling growth during no-till establishment into
corn stubble has not been documented. Our objective was to
determine the effects of differences in soil water levels
resulting from different tillage methods and seeding dates on
alfalfa emergence and seedling growth. The experiment was
located at the Rock Spring Agricultural Research Center in
Centre County, PA (40 degrees 42'N Lat., 77 degrees 57'W
Long., elev. 365 m (1200 ft)), on a Hublersburg silt loam soil
(clayey, mixed, mesic typic Hapludult) in 1986 and 1987 and a
Hagerstown silt loam soil (fine, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalf)
in 1988. Alfalfa (cv. 'WL316') was drilled no-till into
stubbles from corn harvested for grain (NT-G), silage (NT-S),
or silage plus a rye (Secale cereale L. cv. common) cover crop
(NT-SR), and seeded into a conventionally prepared seedbed
resulting from corn harvested for grain (CT). Seeding dates
were early April (EA), late April (LA), and mid-May (MM). Soil
water content was not adversely affected by the inclusion of
the rye cover crop in the NT-SR treatment. Good stands of over
70% seedling frequency were obtained with all treatments, but
the NT-S treatment had significantly higher seedling yields,
yields at one-tenth bloom, and total seedling year yields than
the others. Seedling yields were significantly lower in the
NT-SR treatment, however rye silage yields made this treatment
one of the most productive in the seedling year. In addition
the rye cover crop of the NT-SR treatment provides a
conservation cover during the winter and a means of capturing
nitrate left over from the corn crop or mineralized during the
early spring. In the first production year, there was no
significant effect of tillage or seeding date on first harvest
yields.
82 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 J822
Effectiveness of winter rye for accumulating residual
fertilizer N following corn.
Ditsch, D.C.; Alley, M.M.; Kelley, K.R.; Lei, Y.Z.
Ankeny, Iowa : Soil and Water Conservation Society of America;
1993 Mar. Journal of soil and water conservation v. 48 (2): p.
125-132; 1993 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Virginia; Secale cereale; Zea mays; Rotations;
Ammonium sulfate; Application rates; Residual effects;
Recovery; Nitrogen; Nutrient uptake; Cover crops; Losses from
soil; Nitrate; Leaching; Dry matter accumulation; Nitrogen
content
83 NAL Call. No.: 80 AC82
Effects of Bahia grass as a cover crop on the growth of mango
trees, and soil fertility.
Chang, M.T.
Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science;
1992 Jun. Acta horticulturae (292): p. 113-120; 1992 Jun. In
the series analytic: Recent advances in horticultural science
in the tropics / edited by W.M.W. Othman, R. Mohamad, S.H.
Ahmad, K.K. Chong. Meeting held on August 7-9, 1990,
Universiti Pertanian Malaysia. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Taiwan; Mangifera indica; Orchards; Paspalum
notatum; Cover crops; Erosion control; Sloping land; Grass
clippings; Glomerella cingulata; Susceptibility
84 NAL Call. No.: 100 P381 no.493
Effects of certain cultural treatments on orchard soil and
water losses and on apple tree growth.
Anthony, R. D.; Farris, N. F._1906-; Clarke, W. S.
State College : Pennsylvania State College, School of
Agriculture, Agricultural Experiment Station,; 1948.
16 p. : ill. ; 22 cm. (Bulletin (Pennsylvania State College.
Agricultural Experiment Station) ; 493.). Cover title.
Bibliography: p. 16.
Language: English
Descriptors: Apple; Apple; Cover crops
85 NAL Call. No.: SB950.A2B74
The effects of different green manure crops and tillage
practices on pea root rots.
Tu, J.C.; Findlay, W.I.
Surrey : British Crop Protection Council; 1986.
Brighton Crop Protection Conference-Pests and Diseases v. 1:
p. 229-236; 1986. Paper presented at the British Crop
Protection Conference-- Pests and Diseases, November 17-20,
1986, Brighton, England. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pisum sativum; Fungal diseases; Root rots; Green
manures; Tillage
86 NAL Call. No.: S79.E3
The effects of lay-by herbicides on wheat, vetch, and winter
weeds as cover crops for cotton.
Hurst, H.R.
Mississippi State, Miss. : The Station; 1992 Jun.
Bulletin - Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment
Station (982): 6 p.; 1992 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Gossypium hirsutum; Triticum
aestivum; Vicia sativa; Weeds; Herbicide residues; Cover
crops; Adverse effects; Plant density
87 NAL Call. No.: 100 V81S no.53
The effects of mulched and turned rye in the green and mature
stages on the liberation of plant nutrients from a silt loam
soil.
Hill, H. H.
Blacksburg, Va. : Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station,;
1934. 18 p. ; 24 cm. (Technical bulletin (Virginia
Agricultural Experiment Station) ; 53.). Cover title.
Bibliography: p. 17-18.
Language: English
Descriptors: Green manuring; Rye
88 NAL Call. No.: 80 AC82
Effects of permanent cover crop competition on sour cherry
tree evaporation, growth and productivity.
Anderson, J.L.; Bingham, G.E.; Hill, R.W.
Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science;
1992 Oct. Acta horticulturae (313): p. 135-142; 1992 Oct.
Paper presented at the Third International Symposium on
Computer Modelling in Fruit Research and Orchard Management,
February 11-14, 1992, Palmerston North, New Zealand. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Utah; Prunus cerasus; Orchards; Soil management;
Cover crops; Plant competition; Growth rate; Crop yield;
Transpiration; Rootstocks; Models
89 NAL Call. No.: QL391.N4J62
Effects of rapeseed and vetch as green manure crops and fallow
on nematodes and soil-borne pathogens.
Johnson, A.W.; Goldern, A.M.; Auld, D.L.; Sumner, D.R.
Lake Alfred, Fla. : Society of Nematologists; 1992 Mar.
Journal of nematology v. 24 (1): p. 117-126; 1992 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Brassica napus; Vicia villosa; Cucurbita pepo;
Meloidogyne incognita; Meloidogyne javanica; Pythium;
Rhizoctonia solani; Cropping systems
Abstract: In a rapeseed-squash cropping system, Meloidogyne
incognita race 1 and M. javanica did not enter, feed, or
reproduce in roots of seven rapeseed cultivars. Both nematode
species reproduced at low levels on roots of the third crop of
rapeseed. Reproduction of M. incognita and M. javanica was
high on squash following rapeseed, hairy vetch, and fallow.
The application of fenamiphos suppressed (P = 0.05) root-gall
indices on squash following rapeseed, hairy vetch, and fallow;
and on Dwarf Essex and Cascade rapeseed, but not Bridger and
Humus rapeseed in 1987. The incorporation of 30-61 mt/ha green
biomass of rapeseed into the soil 6 months after planting did
not affect the population densities of Criconemella ornata, M.
incognita, M. javanica, Pythium spp., Rhizoctonia solani AG-4;
nor did it consistently increase yield of squash. Hairy vetch
supported larger numbers of M. incognita and M. javanica than
rapeseed cultivars or fallow. Meloidogyne incognita and M.
javanica survived in fallow plots in the absence of a host
from October to May each year at a level sufficient to warrant
the use of a nematicide to manage nematodes on the following
susceptible crop.
90 NAL Call. No.: 100 V81S no.83
The effects of rye, lespedeza, and cowpeas when used as cover
crops and incorporated with the soil on the leachings from
Dunmore silt loam soil. Hill, H. H.
Blacksburg, Va. : Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station,;
1943. 16 p. ; 24 cm. (Technical bulletin (Virginia
Agricultural Experiment Station) ; 83.). Cover title.
Bibliography: p. 16.
Language: English
Descriptors: Silt loam; Cover crops
91 NAL Call. No.: 100 T25S no.100
Effects of several winter cover crops on the yield of cotton.
Hazlewood, Ben P.; Chapman, E. J.
Knoxville : University of Tennessee, Agricultural Experiment
Station,; 1948. [4] p. : ill. ; 23 cm. (Circular (University
of Tennessee (Knoxville campus). Agricultural Experiment
Station) ; no. 100.). Cover title.
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Cotton; Cover crops
92 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Effects of summer cover crop management on wireworm
(Coleoptera: Elateridae) abundance and damage to potato.
Jansson, R.K.; Lecrone, S.H.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Apr.
Journal of economic entomology v. 84 (2): p. 581-586; 1991
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Solanum tuberosum; Cover crops; Crop
damage; Conoderus; Conoderus falli; Melanotus communis;
Incidence; Cultural control; Insect control; Tubers; Crop
losses; Crop yield
Abstract: The effects of planting date and mowing interval of
the summer cover crop consisting of a sorghum-sudangrass
hybrid on the abundance of wireworms, Melanotus communis
(Gyllenhal), Conoderus rudis (Brown), C. amplicollis
(Gyllenhal), and C. falli Lane, and subsequent damage to
tubers in the following potato crop were investigated during
two consecutive growing seasons in southern Florida. Eight
summer cover crop management programs were evaluated: cover
crop planted early (within 38 d after potato harvest) and late
(75-89 d after harvest) and mowed at 3-, 6-, or 9-wk
intervals; cover crop planted early and not mowed (standard
summer management program); and mechanical fallow. In both
years, planting date affected wireworm abundance and damage to
potato. In the 1st yr, wireworm larvae were 14.2-33.7 and
19-45 times more abundant in plots planted with early cover
crop than in those planted with late cover crop and in those
fallowed, respectively. Wireworms were 1.3-2.0 times more
abundant in plots planted with late cover crop than in plots
mechanically fallowed. Similar results were found during the
2nd yr. Mowing interval did not consistently affect wireworm
abundance. Wireworm damage to potato tubers was affected by
planting date. Percentages of wireworm injury and damage to
tubers were 6.6-9.6 and 1.8-6.7 times greater in potatoes that
followed early-planted cover crops than in those that followed
late-planted cover crops or mechanical fallow in the first and
second year, respectively. Crop loss due to wireworms was
$1,808-$2,084 and $1,298-$3,386 per hectare higher in plots
planted with early cover crop than in those planted with late
cover crop in the first and second year, respectively. Thus,
delaying the planting date of the summer cover crop resulted
in a reduction in wireworm abundance and associated crop loss
in the following potato crop.
93 NAL Call. No.: 79.9 C122
Effects of weeds and cover crops on vertebrate pest damage.
Timm, R.M.
Fremont, Calif. : California Weed Conference; 1990.
Proceedings - California Weed Conference (42): p. 190-195;
1990. Meeting held January 15-17, 1990, San Jose, California.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Crop damage; Vertebrate pests; Cover crops;
Weeds; Environmental factors
94 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Effects of winter cover crops on cotton yield and selected
soil properties. Keisling, T.C.; Scott, H.D.; Waddle, B.A.;
Williams, W.; Frans, R.E. Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton
Council of America; 1990. Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton
Production Research Conferences. p. 492-496; 1990. Meeting
held January 9-14, 1990, Las Vegas, Nevada. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Cover crops; Secale cereale;
Vicia villosa; Lupinus albus; Trifolium incarnatum; Crop
yield; Soil physical properties
95 NAL Call. No.: QK898.N6N52
Enhanced grass growth below canopy of Albizia lebbeck.
Lowry, J.B.; Lowry, J.B.C.; Jones, R.
Bangkok, Thailand : Thailand Institute of Scientific and
Technological Research; 1988 May.
Nitrogen fixing tree research reports v. 6: p. 45-46; 1988
May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Australia; Albizia lebbek; Panicum maximum;
Heteropogon contortus; Canopy; Cover crops; Growth; Crop
production; Grazing effects; Plant ecology
96 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32P
Establishing fall rye as a cover crop after potatoes.
Edwards, L.M.; Hergert, G.B.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1989.
Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (89-1094):
18 p.; 1989. Paper presented at the 1989 International Summer
Meeting held June 25-28, 1989, Quebec, Canada. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Solanum tuberosum; Ergotism; Cover crops;
Pregermination; Seeding; Seed treatment; Potato diggers;
Potato harvesters; Seed dispersal
97 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N7N45
Establishing legume cover crops in a small grain/corn
rotation. DeGolyer, B.
Belmont, N.Y. : Cooperative Extension Association of Allegany
County; 1989 Oct.
News and views v. 74 (10): p. 3-4; 1989 Oct.
Language: English
Descriptors: Leguminosae; Cover crops; Zea mays; Grain crops;
Rotations
98 NAL Call. No.: QH84.8.B46
Estimating N2 fixation by Sesbania rostrata and S. cannabina
(syn. S. aculeata) in lowland rice soil by the 15N dilution
method. Pareek, R.P.; Ladha, J.K.; Watanbe, I.
Berlin : Springer International; 1990.
Biology and fertility of soils v. 10 (2): p. 77-88; 1990.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Philippines; Sesbania; Sesbania cannabina; Green
manures; Isotope labeling; Nitrogen; Nitrogen fixation; Paddy
soils; Soil fertility; Tropics; Mathematical models; Field
tests
99 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Ethephon use on soybean cultivars to enhance establishment of
underseeded cover crops.
Moomaw, R.S.; Echtenkamp, G.W.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Apr.
Journal of production agriculture v. 4 (2): p. 250-255; 1991
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nebraska; Ethephon; Application rates; Glycine
max; Cultivars; Crop growth stage; Crop yield; Plant height;
Maturity; Canopy; Light transmission; Crop establishment;
Cover crops; Undersowing; Interplanting; Zea mays; Rotations
100 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Evaluation of the nitrogen submodel of CERES-maize following
legume green manure incorporation.
Bowen, W.T.; Jones, J.W.; Carsky, R.J.; Quintana, J.O.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1993 Jan.
Agronomy journal v. 85 (1): p. 153-159; 1993 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Simulation models; Prediction; Nutrient uptake;
Nitrogen; Green manures; Nutrient availability;
Mineralization; Leaching; Nitrate; Losses from soil; Nitrogen
balance
Abstract: Crop simulation models that accurately predict the
availability of N from decomposing plant residues would
provide a powerful tool for evaluating legume green manures as
potential N sources for nonlegume crops. Using measured data
from a series of field experiments conducted on an Oxisol in
central Brazil, we conducted this study to test the N submodel
of CERES-Maize for its ability to simulate N mineralization,
nitrate leaching, and N uptake by maize (Zea Mays L.)
following the incorporation of 10 different legume green
manures. Legume or weed residue N at the time of incorporation
varied from 25 to 300 kg ha-1 with C/N ratios varying from 13
to 37. Comparison of predicted and measured accumulation of
inorganic N in uncropped soil showed that the model usually
provided a realistic simulation of legume N release, although
N release was overpredicted for some legumes. For all legumes,
both simulated and measured data showed that about 60% of the
organic N applied was recovered as inorganic N within 120 to
150 d after incorporation. To realistically simulate N
availability when rainfall was excessive, we modified the
model to account for delayed leaching due to nitrate retention
in the subsoil. Nitrogen uptake by maize was generally
overpredicted at high levels of available N. The N submodel
was shown to realistically simulate legume N release, but
further work is needed to determine the importance of subsoil
nitrate retention in other soils and how best such retention
might be described in the model.
101 NAL Call. No.: 100 N48 (2) no.691
Experiments in orchard soil management fertilizers, mulches,
and cover crops. Collison, R. C.
Geneva, N.Y. : New York State Agricultural Experiment
Station,; 1940. 37 p. ; 23 cm. (Bulletin (New York State
Agricultural Experiment Station) ; no. 691.). Cover title.
Language: English
Descriptors: Apple
102 NAL Call. No.: 100 N48C (1) no.677
Experiments with cover crops on Long Island.
Wessels, P. H.; Hartman, John Daniel,
Ithaca, N.Y. : Cornell University Agricultural Experiment
Station,; 1937. 27 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. (Bulletin (Cornell
University. Agricultural Experiment Station) ; 677.).
Bibliography: p. 27.
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Cover crops
103 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.A43
Farm program impacts on incentives for greenmanure rotations.
Young, D.L.; Painter, K.M.
Greenbelt, Md. : Institute for Alternative Agriculture; 1990.
American journal of alternative agriculture v. 5 (3): p.
99-105; 1990. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alternative farming; Sustainability; Rotations;
Green manures; Agricultural policy; Legislation; Economic
analysis; Profitability; Costs; Returns; Seasonal variation;
Incentives
Abstract: Farm programs influence the profitability of a crop
rotation through five effects: (1) a deficiency payment (DP)
effect, (2) an acreage reduction (ARP) effect, (3) a base
effect, (4) a crop price effect, and (5) a risk reduction
effect. This study initially examines ARP and DP effects of
the 1985 Farm Bill on the relative profitability Of a low-
input rotation and a grain-intensive conventional rotation in
Washington state over 1986-1990. In years of low deficiency
payments or high foregone returns from ARP land, the low-input
green manure rotation was competitive with the conventional
rotation but lost its advantage in years of low ARP costs or
high deficiency payments. Long-run incentives to maintain
wheat base introduced a consistent bias against the low-input
green manure rotation. Planting flexibility options proposed
during the 1990 Farm Bill debate could reduce farm program
barriers to green manure and other low-input rotations. The
Bush Administration's Normal Crop Acreage (NCA) proposal,
which was not accepted in the 1990 legislation, would have
largely eliminated base erosion for the green manure rotation
in this study. More importantly, non-ARP green manure acreage
would have qualified for deficiency payments under the NCA,
thereby sharply increasing the low-input rotation's relative
profitability. Proposals like the NCA might receive further
attention in the future due to environmental concerns, fiscal
pressures, or possible trade agreements requiring multilateral
phaseout of agricultural subsidies coupled to commodities.
104 NAL Call. No.: 100 G29S no.27
Fertilizer, culture and variety experiments on corn ;
Fertilizer and variety tests on cotton ; Green manuring with
cow peas.. Fertilizer and variety tests on cotton Green
manuring with cow peas
Redding, R. J.
Experiment, Ga. : Georgia Experiment Station, 1894; 1894. p.
[187]-216 ; 23 cm. (Bulletin (Georgia Experiment Station) ;
no. 27.). Cover title.
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Corn; Cotton; Cowpea
105 NAL Call. No.: 100 C125 (2) no.354
Fertilizers and covercrops for California deciduous orchards..
Fertilizers and cover crops for California deciduous orchards
Proebsting, Edward Louis,
Berkeley, Calif. : University of California, College of
Agriculture, Agricultural Experiment Station,; 1943.
15 p. ; 22 cm. (Circular (California Agricultural Experiment
Station) ; 354.). Caption title. At head of title:
University of California. College of Agriculture. Agricultural
Experiment Station, Berkeley, California.
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Cover crops; Fruit
106 NAL Call. No.: 100 C125 (2) no.466
Fertilizers and covercrops for California orchards.
Proebsting, Edward Louis,
Berkeley, Calif. : Division of Agricultural Sciences,
University of California,; 1958.
19 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 23 cm. (Circular (California
Agricultural Experiment Station) ; 466.).
Language: English
Descriptors: Fruit; Cover crops
107 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
The fertilizing value of green manures rotted under different
conditions. Daji, J.A.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1934 Jun.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 26 (6): p.
466-474; 1934 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: England; Hordeum vulgare; Vicia; Brassica; Beta
vulgaris; Green manures; Chemical composition; Organic matter;
Iron oxides; Aluminum oxide; Lime; Calcium oxide; Magnesium
oxide; Potassium; Phosphoric acid; Nitrogen; Composting;
Nitrogen content; Seed germination; Crop yield; Nutrient
availability; Plant height; Shoots; Tillering; Fertilizers
Abstract: 1. Young tares, young mustard, and sugar beet tops
had a beneficial effect on the barley crop when used as green
manures. They accelerated germination, increased the tillering
capacity, and gave bigger yields of grain and straw than the
control. This was true of all three manures in whatever way
they were applied. The same applies to the artificial
fertilizers. 2. The yield of grain and straw was correlated
with the tillering capacity, but was not affected by the
height. The increased tillering and yield were primarily due
to the fertilizing elements contained in the green manures,
chiefly the nitrogen. 3. The green manures when buried at once
gave higher yields of grain and straw than when they were
applied to the surface or when they were rotted separately. 4.
The fertilizing value of the different methods of applying the
green manures depends on the abundance of available nitrogen
returned the treated manure for the use of the crop. The
extent to which the abundance of nitrogen will be maintained
in the treated manure depends on the nature of the green
manure, the amount and nature of nitrogen originally present
in the green manure, and the conditions under which the
material is decomposed.
108 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Forage legume-small grain intercrops: nitrogen production and
response of subsequent corn.
Hesterman, O.B.; Griffin, T.S.; Williams, P.T.; Harris, G.H.;
Christenson, D.R.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Jul.
Journal of production agriculture v. 5 (3): p. 340-348; 1992
Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Michigan; Triticum aestivum; Winter wheat; Avena
sativa; Zea mays; Medicago sativa; Trifolium pratense; Cover
crops; Intercropping; Crop yield; Sowing; Nitrogen; Soil
fertility; Available water; Spatial variation; Geographical
distribution; Precipitation; Seasonal variation
109 NAL Call. No.: 421 J822
Foraging preference of red imported fire ants (Hymenoptera:
Formicidae) among three species of summer cover crops and
their extracts.
Kaakeh, W.; Dutcher, J.D.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Apr.
Journal of economic entomology v. 85 (2): p. 389-394; 1992
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Indigofera hirsuta; Sesbania exaltata; Vigna
unguiculata; Insect repellents; Plant extracts; Solenopsis
invicta; Feeding preferences; Foraging
Abstract: Foraging preference of red imported fire ant,
Solenopsis invicta Buren, among three species of summer cover
crops, sesbania, Sesbania exaltata (Rafinesque-Schmaltz) Cory;
hairy indigo, Indigofera hirsuta L.; and cowpea, Vigna
unguiculata (L.) Walpers, was evaluated in the greenhouse
using choice and no-choice tests. Ants derived a large part of
their nutrients from aphid honeydew, and ant workers differed
in their response to plant species in the presence or absence
of cowpea aphid. Ants preferred cowpea > indigo > sesbania
when these plants were infested with cowpea aphids, whereas
ants showed no preference between cowpea and indigo when
plants were kept free of cowpea aphids. Sesbania showed almost
100% repellency, to ants for 8 d, whether these plants were
infested or kept free of aphids. In a pickup bioassay for
detecting any discrimination among plants by ants, leaf disks
from noninfested leaves of cowpea and hairy indigo were picked
up more readily than those from sesbania. Response of ants to
extracts differed significantly among plants. Sesbania extract
repelled and caused mortality in the red imported fire ant.
Ethanol extract of sesbania caused higher ant mortality than
the water extract.
110 NAL Call. No.: 26 T754
Grain yield responses in rice to eight tropical green manures.
Meelu, O.P.; Morris, R.A.; Furoc, R.E.; Dizon, M.A.
London : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Apr.
Tropical agriculture v. 69 (2): p. 133-136; 1992 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Philippines; Oryza sativa; Sesbania cannabina;
Crotalaria juncea; Green manures; Legumes; Nitrogen
fertilizers; Biomass production; Crop yield
111 NAL Call. No.: SB193.F59
Grazing management of overseeded ryegrass.
Alison, M.W.
Georgetown, Tx. : American Forage and Grassland Council; 1992.
Proceedings of the Forage and Grassland Conference v. 1: p.
55-59; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Louisiana; Lolium multiflorum; Oversowing;
Grazing systems
112 NAL Call. No.: S540.A2F62
Green manure cropping systems and benefits.
Gallaher, R.N.; Eylands, V.J.
Gainesville, Fla. : The Stations; 1985.
Agronomy research report AY - Agricultural Experiment
Stations, University of Florida (85-11): 14 p.; 1985.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Green manures; Cropping systems
113 NAL Call. No.: S667.R5G73
Green manure in rice farming proceedings of a symposium on
sustainable agriculture : the role of green manure crops in
rice farming systems, 25-29 May 1987.. Role of green manure
crops in rice farming systems Sustainable agriculture, green
manure in rice farming
International Rice Research Institute, International Council
of Scientific Unions, Commission on the Application of Science
to Agriculture, Forestry, and Aquaculture
S.l. : International Rice Research Institute, in collaboration
with the Commission on the Application of Science to
Agriculture, Forestry, and Aquaculture,; 1988.
379 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. Cover title: Sustainable agriculture,
green manure in rice farming. Includes bibliographical
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Green manure crops; Rice
114 NAL Call. No.: aZ5071.N3
Green manures and cover crops--January 1987-September 1991.
Gates, J.P.
Beltsville, Md. : The Library; 1991 Dec.
Quick bibliography series - U.S. Department of Agriculture,
National Agricultural Library (U.S.). (92-11): 60 p.; 1991
Dec. Updates QB 89-58. Bibliography.
Language: English
Descriptors: Green manures; Cover crops; Bibliographies
115 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.I45 1989
Green manures in irrigated crop systems.
Razongles, C.
Witzenhausen? : Ekopan; 1990.
Agricultural alternatives and nutritional self-sufficiency :
for a sustainable agricultural system that respects man and
his environment : proc of the IFOAM Seventh Int Scientific
Conference, Ouagadougou, January 2-5, 1989. p. 255-262; 1990.
Language: English
Descriptors: Organic farming; Cropping systems; Green manures;
Irrigation; Environmental impact; Temporal variation; Seasonal
growth; Seasons; Residual effects; Nitrates; Crop yield
116 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Green manuring and its application to agricultural practices.
Pieters, A.J.; McKee, R.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1929 Oct.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 21 (10): p.
985-993; 1929 Oct. Paper presented at the "Symposium on Soil
Organic Matter and Green Manuring," November 22, 1928,
Washington, D.C. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Crop production; Green manures; Crop yield
117 NAL Call. No.: 100 Io9 no.10
Green manuring and soil fertility.
Brown, P. E.
Ames, Iowa : Agricultural Experiment Station, Iowa State
College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts,; 1913.
15 p. : ill. ; 22 cm. (Circular (Iowa State College.
Agricultural Experiment Station) ; no. 10.).
Language: English
Descriptors: Green manuring
118 NAL Call. No.: 100 C125 (2) no.110
Green manuring in California.
Lipman, C. B.
Berkeley, Calif. : University of California, College of
Agriculture, Agricultural Experiment Station,; 1913.
3 p. ; 22 cm. (Circular (California Agricultural Experiment
Station) ; no. 110.).
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Green manuring
119 NAL Call. No.: S661.P53 1927
Green manuring principles and practice.
Pieters, Adrian John,
New York : Wiley ; London : Chapman & Hall,; 1927.
xiv, 356 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. (The Wiley agricultural series).
Includes bibliograpical references (p. 325-340).
Language: English
Descriptors: Green manuring
120 NAL Call. No.: S661.S3413 1989
Green manuring principles and practice of natural soil
improvement.. Bedeutung, Praxis und Technik der Grundungung in
Landwirtschaft und Gemusebau, Rev. 3rd ed..
Schmid, Otto; Klay, Ruedi; Brinton, William F.
Woods End Agricultural Institute
Mt. Vernon, Me. : Woods End Agricultural Institute,; 1989. v,
51 p. ; 28 cm. "This document prepared by W.F. Brinton from
original reports which appeared in part under the title
'Bedeutung, Praxis und Technik der Grundungung in
Landwirtschaft und Gemusebau,' 1979, 1980. von O. Schmid u. R.
Klay"--T.p. verso. Includes bibliographical references (p.
47-51).
Language: English
Descriptors: Green manuring
121 NAL Call. No.: 100 M36S no.268
Green-manuring crops for soil improvement Branchville field..
Green manuring crops for soil improvement
McCall, A. G.
College Park : University of Maryland, Agricultural Experiment
Station,; 1924. 12 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. (Bulletin (Maryland
Agricultural Experiment Station) ; no. 268.). Caption title.
July, 1924.
Language: English
Descriptors: Green manuring
122 NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6
Growth and N2-fixation of two stem-nodulating legumes and
their effect as green manure on lowland rice.
Becker, M.; Ladha, J.K; Ottow, J.C.G.
Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1990.
Soil biology and biochemistry v. 22 (8): p. 1109-1119; 1990.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sesbania; Aeschynomene; Growth rate; Nitrogen
fixation; Stem nodules; Green manures; Lowland areas; Oryza
sativa
123 NAL Call. No.: QK867.J67
Growth and selenium uptake of range plants propagated in
uranium mine soils. Hossner, L.R.; Woodard, H.J.; Bush, J.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1992.
Journal of plant nutrition v. 15 (12): p. 2743-2761; 1992.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Texas; Panicum coloratum; Cynodon dactylon;
Gramineae; Selenium; Ion uptake; Mineral content; Uranium;
Mine spoil; Shoots; Dry matter accumulation; Cover crops
Abstract: High soil selenium (Se) levels have been found in
association with uranium deposits in Texas. A concern that
high Se concentrations may be found in forages grown on
reclaimed mine lands prompted this investigation. A native
soil sampled near the mining area, and overburden materials
sampled from two Se enriched uranium mine soil sites were
compared in a plant growth study in the greenhouse. Shoot
yields and shoot Se concentration in each of ten grasses
common to the region were determined from plants harvested
three weeks after germination and from shoot regrowth
harvested four weeks after the first harvest. Shoot weights
were reduced for 5 of the 10 species growing in soils with
medium and high Se status. Total shoot weights of Cynodon
dactylon and Panicum coloratum from two harvests were
consistently highest in all soil materials and are highly
recommended for use as a stabilizing cover crop for lands
disturbed from uranium mining. Generally, no correlation was
observed between shoot weight and plant Se concentration or
uptake in the 10 species. However, plant tissue Se
concentrations in all species for at least one of the two
harvest dates were above the 5 mg kg-1 concentration
considered potentially harmful to grazing livestock.
Therefore, none of these species would be a suitable forage
for livestock grazing on reclaimed Se-enriched uranium mining
overburden.
124 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Growth characteristics of legume cover crops in a semiarid
environment. Power, J.F.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 Nov.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (6): p.
1659-1663; 1991 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Dakota; Legumes; Cover crops; Green
manures; Semiarid climate; Seasonal growth; Planting date;
Temporal variation; Stand characteristics; Growth rate; Dry
matter accumulation; Nitrogen fixation; Nitrogen; Nutrient
uptake; Water use efficiency; Nitrogen content; Climatic
factors; Precipitation; Dry farming
Abstract: To select the best legume cover crop to grow for a
given cropping situation, the producer needs knowledge of
relative growth rates, N2-fixation and N-uptake rates, and
water use for various potential planting dates. Such an
experiment was conducted for 2 yr at Mandan, ND, in which 10
legume species were planted on or shortly after the first day
of May, June, July, and August each year. Soil and plant
samples were collected periodically after each planting date
to evaluate rates of dry-matter production, N accumulation,
and water use. Potential N2-fixation rate was measured in one
season only. For the first 40 to 90 d after planting, large-
seeded annuals such as faba bean (Vicia faba L.) field pea
(Pisum sativum L.), and soybean (Glycine max [L] Merr.)
generally exhibited most rapid growth, N accumulation, and
water use (these three parameters were generally closely
related for all samplings). With more than 90 d growth,
species such as Korean lespedeza (Lespedeza stipulacea
Maxim.), yellow sweet clover (Melilotus officianalis L.), and
alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) also began to exhibit rapid
growth. One surprising result was the outstanding growth of
May-planted subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) in
one (ample moisture) of the two seasons. For the shorter
growth periods, faba bean exhibited good growth
characteristics at all planting dates, and field pea was
satisfactory at most. July and August planting of slower
growing species generally resulted in relatively little growth
by the end of the season. In most instances, water-use
efficiency was greatest for the May planting, and highest
values were often recorded for field pea, faba bean, and
subterranean clover. These results identify those legume
species best adapted for a given planting date and duration of
growth under the climatic conditions of this experiment.
125 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Harvest management of a crimson clover cover for no-tillage
corn production. Holderbaum, J.F.; Decker, A.M.; Meisinger,
J.J.; Mulford, F.R.; Vough, L.R. Madison, Wis. : American
Society of Agronomy; 1990 Sep.
Agronomy journal v. 82 (5): p. 918-923; 1990 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Maryland; Zea mays; No-tillage; Trifolium
incarnatum; Cover crops; Crop yield; Grain; Maize silage;
Herbage; Nitrogen content; Dry matter accumulation; Nitrogen;
Residual effects; Nutrient uptake; Forage; Cutting frequency;
Crop quality; Sequential cropping
Abstract: Legume cover crops are valuable N sources for no-
tillage corn (Zea mays L.). However, little research has been
done in assessing the management options for legume cover
crops. Field studies were conducted on a Coastal Plain
Matapeake silt loam soil (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Typic
Hapludult) from 1983 through 1986 to determine the effects of
various harvest management schedules on total N contribution
of legume cover crops, subsequent corn grain and silage
yields, and total forage (combined cover crop and corn
herbage) production. A crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum
L.) cover crop was subjected to no harvest; spring silage
harvest with clippings removed (spring silage); and simulated
pasture harvests with clippings from multiple harvests removed
(pasture removed) or returned (pasture returned). A no-cover
control treatment was also included. No-tillage corn was grown
in the cover crop residues and two fertilizer N (FN) rates (0
and 90 kg ha-1) were applied in a split-block design to each
harvest management treatment. Averaged over 3 yr, multiple
harvests of the cover crop vs. a spring silage harvest
resulted in lower cover crop herbage yields (3.0 vs. 4.7 Mg
ha-1) and total N content (114 vs. 146 kg N ha-1) for the
multiple harvests. Corn grain and silage yields and corn N
uptake were consistently higher following crimson clover cover
than for no cover, regardless of harvest management, and were
generally higher when the cover was left in place than
following removal of the cover. There were FN responses
regardless of harvest management treatment. The reduction in
corn silage yield when the cover crop was harvested and
removed was less than the cover crop herbage dry matter yield,
resulting in greater total forage production when the cover
crop was harvested as forage. Results suggest that harvest
management options of a crimson clover cover crop offer
flexibility in either optimizing subsequent corn grain yields
or total forage production for no-tillage croppin
126 NAL Call. No.: 100 M69MI
Horticulture's Garner honored.
Kight, T.
Mississippi State, Miss. : The Station; 1991 Apr.
MAFES research highlights - Mississippi Agricultural and
Forestry Experiment Station v. 54 (4): p. 3; 1991 Apr.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Cover crops; Green manures
127 NAL Call. No.: S1.N32
How to choose a soil-building legume.
Sarrantonio, M.
Emmaus, Pa. : Rodale Institute; 1991 Jul.
The New farm. p. 23-25; 1991 Jul. Paper presented at a Rodale
Institute "Take Charge" workshop, Winter, 1990, Kutztown,
Pennsylvania.
Language: English
Descriptors: Leguminosae; Cover crops
128 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 M58B
How to control sheet and rill erosion.
East Lansing, Mich. : The Service; 1991 Oct.
Extension bulletin E - Cooperative Extension Service, Michigan
State University (2315): 4 p.; 1991 Oct.
Language: English
Descriptors: Erosion control; Erosion; Rill erosion; Contour
cultivation; Contour ridging; Cover crops; Rotations; Terraces
129 NAL Call. No.: SB950.2.I3I4
How will cover crops affect insect ecology?.
Steffey, K.
Urbana, Ill. : Cooperative Extension Service, Univ of Illinois
at Urbana-Champaign; 1991.
Illinois Agricultural Pesticides Conference summaries of
presentations January 8, 9, 10, 1991, Urbana, Illinois / Univ
of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Coop Ext Serv, in coop with
the Illinois Natural History Survey. p. 108-111; 1991.
"Proceedings of the 1991 Illinois Agricultural Pesticides
Conference," January 8-10, 1991, Urbana, Illinois. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Illinois; Cover crops; Insects; Ecology
130 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
Impact of legume cover crops on soilborne plant pathogens of
cotton. Rothrock, C.S.; Kirkpatrick, T.L.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1990.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conferences.
p. 30-31; 1990. Meeting held January 9-14, 1990, Las Vegas,
Nevada. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium hirsutum; Cover crops; Fungus control;
Rhizoctonia solani; Thielaviopsis basicola
131 NAL Call. No.: 79.9 C122
Impact of nematode species and various cover crops on growth
of adjacent grapevines.
McKenry, M.V.; Buzo, T.; Kaku, S.
Fremont, Calif. : California Weed Conference; 1990.
Proceedings - California Weed Conference (42): p. 187-189;
1990. Meeting held January 15-17, 1990, San Jose, California.
Language: English
Descriptors: Vitis; Ground cover; Weeds; Cover crops; Plant
parasitic nematodes
132 NAL Call. No.: 99.9 SO82
The impact of weeds and two legume crops on Eucalyptus hybrid
clone establishment.
Schumann, A.W.
Pretoria : South African Forestry Association; 1992 Mar.
South African forestry journal (160): p. 43-48; 1992 Mar.
Paper presented at the IUFRO Symposium on "Intensive Forestry:
The Role of Eucalypts," held Sept 1991, Durban, South Africa.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Eucalyptus; Forest plantations; Crop weed
competition; Weed control; Cultural methods; Mucuna pruriens;
Vigna unguiculata; Herbicides; Cover crops
133 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.O5O5
Improving native pecan groves.
Taylor, G.C.
Stillwater, Okla. : The Service; 1991 Jul.
OSU extension facts - Cooperative Extension Service, Oklahoma
State University v.): 4 p.; 1991 Jul.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oklahoma; Carya illinoensis; Tree gardens; Tree
fruits; Thinning; Selective felling; Cover crops
134 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Influence of winter cover crop suppression practices on
seasonal abundance of armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), cover
crop regrowth, and yield in no-till corn.
Laub, C.A.; Luna, J.M.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1991 Apr.
Environmental entomology v. 20 (2): p. 749-754; 1991 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Zea mays; Mythimna unipuncta; Secale cereale;
Cover crops; No-tillage; Population dynamics; Insect control
Abstract: Rye (Secale cereale L.), used as a winter cover
crop, was killed by paraquat or by mowing with a bushog. In
the early stages of subsequent no-till corn, abundance of
armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haworth), was lower in the
mowed treatment compared with the sprayed treatment in three
of five fields and did not differ in another field. Over the
duration of the first armyworm generation, cumulative
armyworm-days in the sprayed treatment were greater than in
the mowed treatment in three of five fields and did not differ
in another field. Mowing the cover crop was 40% less expensive
than spraying. Competition from rye regrowth in the mowed
treatment did not diminish yields. Corn silage yields were
increased by mowing (P = 0.07), and the average increase in
net benefit from mowing the cover crop compared with spraying
was $91-113/ba. Cover crop mowing may be an economical and
effective means of managing armyworm populations in no-till
corn.
135 NAL Call. No.: SB193.P72
Initial development of early blooming annual cool season
legumes for use in conservation tillage.
Owsley, C.M.; Kirkland, M.S.; Surrency, E.D.
Madison, Wis. : The Department; 1989.
Progress report, clovers and special purpose legumes research -
University of Wisconsin, Department of Agronomy v. 22: p.
31-33; 1989. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Leguminosae; Double cropping; No-
tillage; Flowering date; Earliness; Cover crops; Selection
criteria; Plant breeding
136 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N7A4
Interplanting cover crops reduces herbicide usage, controls
erosion and fixes nitrogen.
Sumner, K.
Middletown, N.Y. : Cornell Cooperative Ext.--Orange County
Agriculture Program, Education Center; 1991 Oct.
Agfocus : publication of Cornell Cooperative Extension--Orange
County. p. 9; 1991 Oct.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cover crops; Erosion control; Nitrogen fixation;
Herbicides
137 NAL Call. No.: HM206.A1H8
Land use, soil loss, and sustainable agriculture in Rwanda.
Clay, D.C.; Lewis, L.A.
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1990 Jun.
Human ecology v. 18 (2): p. 147-161; 1990 Jun. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Rwanda; Farm management; Land use;
Sustainability; Erosion control; Soil conservation; Cropping
systems; Slope; Cover crops; Viability; Land productivity;
Environmental degradation; Farm surveys
138 NAL Call. No.: S599.9.T783T76 no.90-01
Legume green manures principles for management based on recent
research. Lathwell, D. J.
Soil Management Collaborative Research Support Program
Raleigh, NC : Soil Management Collaborative Research Support
Program, N.C. State University,; 1990.
30 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. (TropSoils bulletin ; no. 90-01).
Includes bibliographical references (p. 29-30).
Language: English
Descriptors: Legumes; Green manure crops; Organic fertilizers
139 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Legume mulch and nitrogen fertilizer effects on soil water and
corn production.
Corak, S.J.; Frye, W.W.; Smith, M.S.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 Sep.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (5): p.
1395-1400; 1991 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kentucky; Vicia villosa; Zea mays; No-tillage;
Crop production; Silt loam soils; Cover crops; Live mulches;
Crop residues; Preplanting treatment; Nitrogen fertilizers;
Nitrogen; Nutrient content; Soil water content; Temporal
variation; Spatial variation; Crop yield; Growth; Nutrient
transport; Water use efficiency; Crop growth stage; Nutrient
availability; Water conservation; Profiles; Maize stover;
Grain; Precipitation; Transpiration
Abstract: Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) as a winter annual
legume cover crop, can increase grain yield of no-till corn
(Zea mays L.). Optimizing management of this system depends on
understanding beneficial effects. This field study examined
effects of hairy vetch (HV) and N fertilizer on soil water
content, crop growth, N assimilation, and water-use
efficiency. Cover-crop treatments, each with 0 and 255 kg ha-1
of fertilizer N, were (i) winter fallow, (ii) aboveground HV
removed at corn planting, (iii) HV left in place, and (iv) HV
left in place and supplemented with that removed from (ii).
Transpiration by HV before corn planting reduced soil water
content, decreasing early growth of corn during years of low
spring rainfall. By 2 to 4 wk after planting, however, soil
water content under HV mulch was similar to winter fallow.
Soil water content was higher with HV mulch only during the
second 4-wk period following planting and only in the upper
7.5 cm of the profile. Greater soil water use associated with
N fertilizer occurred after about 8 wk in 2 of the 3 yr. Hairy
vetch treatments sit the zero-N fertilizer level increased
corn growth, N assimilation, grain yield, and water-use
efficiency. The high-N treatment negated these benefits of HV.
Because of this and the lack of mulch effects on soil water
during inter stages of crop growth, we concluded that N
supplied to no-till corn was the principal, immediate benefit
of HV during this study.
140 NAL Call. No.: SB1.H6
Legumes alone and in combination with manure as fertilizers in
an intensive muskmelon production system.
Singogo, W.; Lamont, W.J. Jr; Marr, C.W.
Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science;
1991 Nov. HortScience v. 26 (11): p. 1431; 1991 Nov. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cucumis melo; Green manures; Medicago sativa;
Vicia villosa; Pisum sativum; Cattle manure; Trickle
irrigation; Plastic film; Intensive production; Crop yield;
Fruits
141 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Legumes and grasses in crop rotation.
Lyon, T.L.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1927 Jun.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 19 (6): p.
534-544; 1927 Jun. Paper presented at the symposium on
"Potash", November 19, 1926, Washington, D.C. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Legumes; Grasses; Alfalfa hay; Clover hay;
Rotations; Green manures; Cereals
Abstract: A partial review of recent experiment station
literature concerning experiments to ascertain the effect of
legumes, grasses, and green manures on the yields of
succeeding crops shows the following. With a few exceptions
experiments in the humid portions of the country have
demonstrated the superiority of red clover and alfalfa over
timothy in their effect on the yields of crops that follow.
That the beneficial effect of clover is due to its property as
a legume has been shown by a number of field experiments in
which comparison was made of the yields of similar crops grown
in the same years in two or more rotations in which clover is
replaced by some non-legume crop grown in the same year as the
clover. The same principle has been demonstrated by
determining the nitrate nitrogen contained in drainage water
from soil in which clover residues have been incorporated and
also in which timothy residues have been incorporated. Tests
conducted, at eight experiment stations in humid regions
indicate on the soils used for the tests a greater
effectiveness of legumes as compared with non-legume green
manures on the yields of succeeding crops. The data indicate
that a practical advantage is to be gained by the succeeding
crop from replacing oats and possibly corn by soybeans,
especially when clover is not included in the rotation. Some
tests have resulted in a larger crop following a mixture of
corn and soybeans and oats and field peas than after either
cereal alone. The total number of trials has been few and
results have not been uniform, consequently a definite
conclusion cannot be drawn. The region of dry farming is the
only part of this country in which legumes do not affect
favorably the yield of the succeeding crop with a reasonable
degree of certainty. That lack of soil moisture is the
explanation would appear from the fact that irrigated soil in
the same region gives a good response to legumes.
142 NAL Call. No.: 100 C125 (2) no.255
Leguminous plants as organic fertilizers in California
agriculture. Kennedy, P. Beveridge
Berkeley, Calif. : University of California, College of
Agriculture, Agricultural Experiment Station,; 1922.
8 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. (Circular (California Agricultural
Experiment Station) ; no. 255.).
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Legumes; Green manuring
143 NAL Call. No.: 100 V81S no.60
The liberation of plant nutrients from the soil as affected by
alfalfa. Hill, H. H.
Blacksburg, Va. : Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station,;
1937. 19 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. (Technical bulletin (Virginia
Agricultural Experiment Station) ; 60.). Cover title.
Bibliography: p. 18-19.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alfalfa; Green manuring
144 NAL Call. No.: 80 AC82
Living mulch ground covers for weed control between raspberry
rows. Freyman, S.
Wageningen : International Society for Horticultural Science;
1989 Nov. Acta horticulturae (262): p. 349-356; 1989 Nov.
Paper presented at the "5th International Symposium on Rubus &
Ribes," / edited by H.A. Daubeny, June 24-July 2, 1989,
Vancouver, B.C., Canada. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: British Columbia; Rubus idaeus; Row spacing; Weed
control; Live mulches; Lolium perenne; Festuca ovina;
Trifolium repens; Hordeum vulgare; Yield response functions
145 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N7A4
Living mulches and cover crop benefit small-fruit plantings.
Merwin, I.; Pritts, M.
Middletown, N.Y. : Cornell Cooperative Ext.--Orange County
Agriculture Program, Education Center; 1990 Apr.
Agfocus : publication of Cornell Cooperative Extension--Orange
County. p. 14; 1990 Apr.
Language: English
Descriptors: Small fruits; Cover crops; Live mulches; Weed
control; Herbicides
146 NAL Call. No.: 100 L93 (1) no.830
The long-term effects of winter cover crops on cotton
production in northwest Louisiana.
Millhollon, E. P.
Baton Rouge, La. : Louisiana State University Agricultural
Center, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station,; 1991.
35 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. (Bulletin (Louisiana Agricultural
Experiment Station : 1955) ; no. 830.). Cover title.
December 1991. Includes bibliographical references (p.
33-35).
Language: English
147 NAL Call. No.: 30 AD9
Long-term impacts of tillage, fertilizer, and crop residue on
soil organic matter in temperate semiarid regions.
Rasmussen, P.E.; Collins, H.P.
San Diego, Calif. : Academic Press; 1991.
Advances in agronomy v. 45: p. 93-134; 1991. Literature
review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Soil organic matter; Soil fertility; Animal
manures; Biomass; Carbon cycle; Crop residues; Cycling;
Erosion; Fertilizers; Green manures; Grasslands; Tillage;
Literature reviews; Semiarid zones; Temperate zones
148 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Macroporosity of a well-drained soil under no-till and
conventional tillage. Dunn, G.H.; Phillips, R.E.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 May.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (3): p. 817-822;
1991 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kentucky; Hydraulic conductivity; Macropores; No-
tillage; Silt loam soils; Tillage; Cover crops; Secale
cereale; Vicia villosa; Zea mays
Abstract: Conventional tillage and no-tillage have been shown
to affect the hydraulic properties of soil. For this reason, a
field experiment was conducted in 1987 and 1988 to determine
the effect of tillage practice and cover crop on the
macroporosity of a Maury silt loam (fine, mixed, mesic Typic
Paleudalf). The field used for this study has been in
continuous no-till and conventional-till corn (Zea mays L.)
since 1970. Ponded steady-state infiltration measurements were
made using double-ring infiltrometers; afterwards, a tension
infiltrometer was used to measure water flux at -0.4, -0.9,
and -1.4 kPa water pressure. These negative water pressures
were used to calculate equivalent cylindrical pore diameters
from the capillary-rise equation. Flux at a pressure of -0.06
kPa was determined from regression equations for each plot.
Equivalent pore diameters of 5.0, 0.75, 0.33, and 0.21 mm
correspond to -0.06, -0.4, -0.9, and -1.4 kPa, respectively.
In June 1987, conventional tillage had significantly higher
water flux than no-till for the 5.0- to 0.75-mm equivalent-
diameter pore size range. In 1987, rye (Secale cereale L.)
cover crop plots had significantly higher water-flux values
than hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) plots for the same
range of equivalent pore sizes. In June 1988, no-till plots
had significantly higher water-flux values for all equivalent
pore size ranges. In 1987, 73 and 80% of the total water flux
at -0.06 kPa water pressure was transmitted through pores >
0.21-mm equivalent diameter in no-till and conventional-
tillage plots, respectively. The corresponding values in 1988
were 83 and 73%.
149 NAL Call. No.: QK898.N6N52
Maize yields from an alley cropping experiment with nine tree
species in Hawaii.
Rosecrance, R.C.; Kuo, W.
Bangkok, Thailand : Thailand Institute of Scientific and
Technological Research; 1989 Aug.
Nitrogen fixing tree research reports v. 7: p. 36-37; 1989
Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Hawaii; Zea mays; Nitrogen fixing trees; Green
manures; Crop yield; Alley cropping; Nitrogen fixation
150 NAL Call. No.: 1.9 P69P
Managing Meloidogyne chitwoodi on potato with rapeseed as
green manure. Mojtahedi, H.; Santo, G.S.; Wilson, J.H.; Hang,
A.N.
St. Paul, Minn. : American Phytopathological Society; 1993
Jan. Plant disease v. 77 (1): p. 42-46; 1993 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Solanum tuberosum; Meloidogyne chitwoodi; Plant
parasitic nematodes; Biological control; Rape; Leaves; Stems;
Roots; Green manures; Pest management; Efficacy;
Glucosinolates; Ethoprophos
151 NAL Call. No.: A99.9 F7622Un no.119
Manganese toxicity of legumes seeded in Kentucky strip-mine
spoils. Berg, W. A.; Vogel, W. G.
Upper Darby, Pa. : Northeastern Forest Experiment Station,
Forest Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture,; 1968; A
13.78:Ne-119.
12 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. (U.S. Forest Service research paper NE ;
119). Cover title. Bibliography: p. 10.
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Legumes; Plants, Effect of manganese on; Spoil
banks; Cover crops
152 NAL Call. No.: 100 W27E no.32
The manurial value of different legumes.
Thatcher, Roscoe Wilfred,
Pullman, Wash. : State Agricultural Experiment Station,; 1910.
[4] p. ; 24 cm. (Popular bulletin (Washington Agricultural
Experiment Station) ; no. 32.).
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Green manure crops; Legumes
153 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32T
Mass of crop residue and its relationship with soil cover for
a corn, dry bean, and sugarbeet rotation.
Smith, J.A.; Yonts, C.D.; Rath, M.D.; Bailie, J.E.
St. Joseph, Mich. : American Society of Agricultural
Engineers; 1990 Sep. Transactions of the ASAE v. 33 (5): p.
1503-1508; 1990 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Beta vulgaris; Dry beans; Zea mays; Crop
residues; Biomass production; Cover crops; Rotations; Tillage
Abstract: The mass and percent cover of crop residue on the
soil surface were measured for three tillage systems in a crop
rotation of corn, dry edible beans, and sugarbeets under
furrow irrigation. The tillage systems included a moldboard
plow-based system, a rotary strip till system, and a system
which utilized minimum tillage prior to planting. A good
relationship was found between mass and soil cover when corn
residue predominated, but not when dry edible bean or
sugarbeet residues were the dominate residues. The reduced
tillage systems retained greater residue mass on the soil
surface than the moldboard plow system for almost two years of
the three year crop rotation. The mass of surface residue for
all three tillage systems was less than 0.5 t/ha for a period
of one year following sugarbeet harvest. The variability of
the residue mass measurement was reduced when the residue was
washed.
154 NAL Call. No.: 100 C125 (2) no.136
Melilotus indica as a green manure crop in southern
California. Mertz, W. M.
Berkeley, Calif. : University of California, College of
Agriculture, Agricultural Experiment Station,; 1915.
4 p. ; 23 cm. (Circular (California Agricultural Experiment
Station) ; no. 136.).
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Sweet clover; Green manure crops
155 NAL Call. No.: SB249.N6
MICROP: a microalagal green manure effects on Upper Delta
cotton yields and soil compaction.
Schaefer, J.
Memphis, Tenn. : National Cotton Council of America; 1989.
Proceedings - Beltwide Cotton Conferences (Book 2): p.
504-505; 1989. Meeting held January 2-7, 1989, Nashville,
Tennessee. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Tennessee; Arkansas; Mississippi; Missouri;
Gossypium hirsutum; Chlamydomonas; Chlorella; Cyanobacteria;
Green manures; Crop yield
156 NAL Call. No.: SB193.P72
Multicut berseem clover as a double crop for Eastern Oregon.
Saunders, L.; Shock, C.; Stieber, T.
Madison, Wis. : The Department; 1990.
Progress report, clovers and special purpose legumes research -
University of Wisconsin, Department of Agronomy v. 23: p. 34;
1990.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oregon; Trifolium alexandrinum; Double cropping;
Clover hay; Green manures
157 NAL Call. No.: QH84.8.B46
N2 fixation in two Sesbania species and its transfer to rice
(Oryza sativa L.) as revealed by 15N technology.
Seneviratne, G.; Kulasooriya, S.A.; Weerakoon, W.L.; Rosswall,
T. Berlin : Springer International; 1992.
Biology and fertility of soils v. 14 (1): p. 37-42; 1992.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sri lanka; Sesbania; Nitrogen fixation; Nitrogen;
Isotope labeling; Green manures; Oryza sativa; Soil fertility;
Crop yield; Flooded rice
158 NAL Call. No.: aSB433.N37 1986
National dormant Bermudagrass overseeding test, 1984 progress
report 1985.. National dormant Bermuda grass overseeding test,
1984
United States, Agricultural Research Service, National
Turfgrass Evaluation Program (U.S.)
Beltsville, Md.? : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Agricultural
Research Service ; Springfield, Va. : National Technical
Information Service [distributor],; 1986.
22 p. ; 28 cm. Chiefly tables. "January 1986"--Cover.
Language: English
Descriptors: Turfgrasses; Bermuda grass
159 NAL Call. No.: 100 AL1H
New herbicide doesn't restrict overseeding of winter forages
into bermudagrass hay fields.
Richburg, J.S. III; Walker, R.H.
Auburn University, Ala. : The Station; 1992.
Highlights of agricultural research - Alabama Agricultural
Experiment Station v. 39 (1): p. 16; 1992.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Herbicides; Cynodon dactylon;
Oversowing; Winter; Fodder crops; Annuals; Phytotoxicity
160 NAL Call. No.: S1.N32
New ideas for profitable farming.
Tjepkema, J.
Emmaus, Pa. : Rodale Institute; 1990 May.
The New farm v. 12 (4): p. 6-8. maps; 1990 May.
Language: English
Descriptors: U.S.A.; Farming; Profitability; Grazing; Cover
crops; Soil fertility
161 NAL Call. No.: S75.F87
New regimes for farm fields.
Erb, C.
East Lansing, Mich. : The Station; 1989.
Futures - Michigan State University, Agricultural Experiment
Station v. 7 (1): p. 12-16. ill; 1989.
Language: English
Descriptors: Michigan; Cropping systems; Cover crops; Minimum
tillage systems; Manure spreading; Research projects
162 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.O74
Nine good reasons to cover crop your garden.
Sarrantonio, M.
Emmaus, Pa. : Rodale Press, Inc; 1993 Jan.
Organic gardening v. 40 (1): p. 54-59; 1993 Jan.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cover crops; Soil management; Domestic gardens
163 NAL Call. No.: 100 M69MI
Nitrogen and vetch improve cotton yield.
Broadway, R.
Mississippi State, Miss. : The Station; 1992 Apr.
MAFES research highlights - Mississippi Agricultural and
Forestry Experiment Station v. 55 (4): p. 4; 1992 Apr.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Gossypium; Crop yield; Vicia;
Nitrogen fertilizers; Cover crops; No-tillage
164 NAL Call. No.: 30 AD9
Nitrogen dynamics and management in rice--legume cropping
systems. Buresh, R.J.; Datta, S.K.De
San Diego, Calif. : Academic Press; 1991.
Advances in agronomy v. 45: p. 1-59; 1991. Literature review.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Philippines; Asia; Oryza sativa; Legumes;
Cropping systems; Green manures; Losses from soil systems;
Mineralization; Nitrogen cycle; Nitrogen fertilizers; Nitrogen
fixation; Residual effects; Soil fertility; Yield response
functions; Agricultural research; Literature reviews
165 NAL Call. No.: 30 AD9
Nitrogen fixation by legumes in tropical and subtropical
agriculture. Peoples, M.B.; Herridge, D.F.
San Diego, Calif. : Academic Press; 1990.
Advances in agronomy v. 44: p. 155-223. ill; 1990. Literature
review. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cover crops; Fodder crops; Shrubs; Trees;
Legumes; Nitrogen fixation; Quantitative analysis; Subtropical
crops; Tropical crops; Crop production; Crop residues;
Decomposition; Green manures; Literature reviews;
Rhizobiaceae; Soil inoculation; Plant breeding; Crop
management; Soil management; Animal production
166 NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6
Nitrogen release from the leaves of some tropical legumes as
affected by their lignin and polyphenolic contents.
Palm, C.A.; Sanchez, P.A.
Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1991.
Soil biology and biochemistry v. 23 (1): p. 83-88; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Leguminosae; Tropical crops; Leaves; Nitrogen;
Lignin; Polyphenols; Plant composition; Decomposition;
Mineralization; Acid soils; Tropical soils; Live mulches;
Green manures; Cover crops
Abstract: Leguminous plant materials used as mulches, green
manures and cover crops are generally assumed to provide a
readily-available source of N to crops. However, little is
known about the chemical composition and N release patterns of
the variety of legumes being used in tropical agroecosystems.
N release patterns from the leaflets of 10 tropical legumes
and rice straw were determined in a laboratory experiment.
Ground leaf material was allowed to decompose in an acid soil
(pH 4.5) for 8 weeks and the soil was analyzed periodically
for extractable NH4(+)-N and NO3(-)-N. N release in the soil
plus plant material were compared to that of the soil without
plant material added and related to the N, lignin and
polyphenolic concentrations of the leaflets. Three patterns of
net N mineralization emerged during the 8-weeks. One pattern
exhibited by the control soil, rice straw and leaves of two of
the leguminous plants was a low, positive net mineralization.
Another pattern showed much higher rates of mineralization
than the control soil and the third pattern showed initial net
immobilization followed by low but positive net mineralization
rates. The amount of N mineralized during the 8 weeks as
compared to the control soil ranged from +46 to -20% of the N
added in plant material. Net mineralization was not correlated
to % N or % lignin in the leaf material but was found to be
negatively correlated to the polyphenolic concentration, r =
-0.63, or the polyphenolic-to-N ratio, r = -0.75.
Mineralization in excess of the control soil was found only
for materials with a polyphenolic-to-N ratio <0.5. Mechanisms
to explain the low mineralization by materials high in
polyphenolics include the formation of stable polymers between
polyphenolics and amino groups, and nitrosation, a chemical
reaction of nitrite (NO2(-)) with polyphenolics. Our results
show that leguminous plant material with a high polyphenolic
content or polyphenolic-to-N ratio may not be a readily-
available source of N.
167 NAL Call. No.: 26 T754
Nitrogen supplied to corn by legumes in a Central Amazon
Oxisol. Smyth, T.J.; Cravo, M.S.; Melgar, R.J.
London : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1991 Oct.
Tropical agriculture v. 68 (4): p. 366-372; 1991 Oct.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Brazil; Indigofera tinctoria; Mucuna aterrima;
Vigna unguiculata; Zea mays; Crop residues; Green manures;
Legumes; Nitrogen fertilizers; Urea nitrates; Biomass
production; Crop yield; Dry matter; Humid tropics; Oxisols;
Soil chemistry
168 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
No-till corn response to nitrogen rate and timing in the
middle Atlantic Coastal Plain.
Evanylo, G.K.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Apr.
Journal of production agriculture v. 4 (2): p. 180-185; 1991
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Virginia; Middle atlantic states of U.S.A.; Zea
mays; No-tillage; Fertilizer requirement determination; Urea
ammonium nitrate; Split dressings; Sidedressing; Application
rates; Use efficiency; Crop growth stage; Crop yield; Yield
factors; Leaves; Nitrogen; Nutrient content; Leaching; Secale
cereale; Cover crops; Sandy soils; Coastal plains
169 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N6N62
No-till cotton production.
York, A.C.; Edmisten, K.L.; Naderman, G.C.; Bacheler, J.S.
Raleigh, N.C. : The Service; 1993 Jan.
AG - North Carolina Agricultural Extension Service, North
Carolina State University v.): p. 122-126; 1993 Jan. In the
series analytic: 1993 cotton information.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Gossypium hirsutum; No-tillage;
Cover crops; Weeds; Pest management; Agronomic characteristics
170 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
No-till vs. conventional tillage for late-planted corn
following hay harvest. Smith, M.A.; Carter, P.R.; Imholte,
A.A.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Apr.
Journal of production agriculture v. 5 (2): p. 261-264; 1992
Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Wisconsin; Zea mays; No-tillage; Tillage; Hay;
Cover crops; Medicago sativa; Hybrids; Maturation period; Soil
temperature; Soil water; Seedling emergence; Dry matter;
Weight; Crop yield; Plant height; Returns; Costs; Planting
date
171 NAL Call. No.: 275.29 K13LE
Noxious weed control in conservation reserve program grass
stands. Ohlenbusch, P.D.
Manhattan, Kan. : The Service; 1990 Apr.
L - Cooperative Extension Service, Kansas State University
(816): 4 p.; 1990 Apr.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kansas; Weed control; Grasslands; Cover crops;
Herbicides
172 NAL Call. No.: 79.9 N814
Oat and soybean yields in crownvetch and other cover crops.
Hartwig, N.L.
College Park, Md. : The Society; 1991.
Proceedings of the annual meeting - Northeastern Weed Science
Society v. 45: p. 122-125; 1991. Meeting held January 8-10,
1991, Baltimore, Maryland. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Avena sativa; Glycine max; Crop yield; Coronilla
varia; Cover crops; Live mulches
173 NAL Call. No.: 100 N48C (1) no.198
Orchard cover-crops.. Orchard cover crops
Craig, John,
Ithaca, N.Y. : Cornell University,; 1902.
p. 98-133 : ill. ; 23 cm. (Bulletin (Cornell University.
Agricultural Experiment Station) ; 198.).
Language: English
Descriptors: Fruit-culture; Cover crops
174 NAL Call. No.: 100 N48 (2) no.701
Orchard covers and their relation to soil conservation.
Collison, R. C.; Carleton, E. A.
Geneva, N. Y. : New York State Agricultural Experiment
Station,; 1942. 33 p. ; 23 cm. (Bulletin (New York State
Agricultural Experiment Station) ; no. 701.). Includes
bibliographical references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cover crops; Fruit-culture; Soil conservation
175 NAL Call. No.: SB379.A9A9
Organic experiences in codling moth control.
Caprile, J.
Carpinteria, Calif. : Rincon Information Management
Corporation; 1992 Apr. California grower v. 16 (9): p. 31-32;
1992 Apr.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Malus pumila; Cydia pomonella;
Organic farming; Pest control; Cover crops; Ryania speciosa;
Bacillus thuringiensis; Granulosis viruses; Bagging; Thinning;
Cost benefit analysis; Plant protection; Cultivars
176 NAL Call. No.: aS624.A115P52 1990
Plant materials activities in the Northeast 1986-1990 report.
Plant Materials Center (Big Flats, N.Y.)
Corning, N.Y. : Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Dept. of
Agriculture, Big Flats Plant Materials Center, [1990?]; 1990.
vi, 139, [64] p. : ill. ; 28 cm. Cover title. Includes
bibliographical references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Soil conservation; Cover crops; Forage plants;
Agroforestry
177 NAL Call. No.: 57.8 C734
Plant nurseries cut costs with compost.
Emmaus, Pa. : J.G. Press; 1991 May.
BioCycle v. 32 (5): p. 72; 1991 May.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cover crops; Sewage sludge; Composts; Soil
organic matter; Soil fertility; Nurseries; Soil management;
Production costs
178 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Plant response to stocking rate in a subtropical grass-legume
pasture. Aiken, G.E.; Pitman, W.D.; Chambliss, C.G.; Portier,
K.M. Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Jan.
Agronomy journal v. 83 (1): p. 124-129; 1991 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Steers; Desmodium; Aeschynomene
Americana; Macroptilium lathyroides; Paspalum notatum; Mixed
pastures; Crop mixtures; Botanical composition; Oversowing;
Stand establishment; Herbage; Crop quality; Nutritive value;
Grazing effects; Stocking rate; Grazing intensity; In vitro
digestibility
Abstract: 'Florida' carpon desmodium [Desmodium heterocarpon
(L.) DC] is a persistent legume under grazing but is often
difficult to establish. Aeschynomene (Aeschynomene americana
L.) and, especially, phasey bean [Macroptilium lathyroides
(L.) Urb.] establish more reliably. Overseeding a mixture of
these legumes in bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) pastures
could provide the quality forage and N input of legumes
initially from the rapidly establishing species and for
extended periods from the persistent carpon desmodium. The
objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of such
mixtures. Effects of stocking rate and grazing season on
botanical composition, herbage availability, and herbage
nutritive value were evaluated on a Pomona fine sand (sandy,
siliceous, hyperthermic Ultic Haplaquod). Following
overseeding of legumes in March 1987, pastures were grazed at
three stocking rates in summer 1987 and in spring and summer
1988. Carpon desmodium increased from less than 1% at the
start of grazing in 1987 to over 7% of the live herbage in
1988. Combined percentage of aeschynomene plus phasey bean
decreased during 1987 from more than 4 to 1.6%. Carpon
desmodium percentage was highest (P < 0.10) at the
intermediate stocking rate, while percentage of other legumes
was not affected by stocking rate. Herbage mass decreased
linearly with increases in stocking rate in both summer
grazing seasons. Leaf/stem ratio and nutritive value of legume
leaf and stem were not affected by stocking rate but decreased
with time during each grazing season. The short-lived legumes,
aeschynomene and phasey bean, provided high quality forage
during the establishment period of carpon desmodium but
contributed negligibly during the second year.
179 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Plant-available nitrogen from lentil and wheat residues during
a subsequent growing season.
Bremer, E.; Van Kessel, C.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1992 Jul.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 56 (4): p.
1155-1160; 1992 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Triticum aestivum; Green manures;
Lentils; Straw; Wheat straw; Ammonium sulfate; Comparisons;
Nitrogen; Nutrient availability; Mineralization;
Immobilization; Nutrient uptake; Losses from soil; Seasonal
fluctuations
Abstract: Lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) is being grown
increasingly on the Canadian prairies as a pulse or green
manure crop, and may increase N availability to a succeeding
crop. This study was designed to compare the effects of lentil
green manure, lentil straw, and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
straw on plant-available N during the growing season after
application. The fate of 15N from fall-applied (1988) lentil
green manure, lentil straw, and wheat straw and spring-applied
(1989) fertilizer (NH4)2SO4 was determined four times during
the 1989 growing season at a field site located at Outlook,
Saskatchewan, Canada, on a Bradwell sandy loam (Typic Boroll).
Denitrification and leaching losses of 15N from added lentil
and wheat straw were negligible, but 24 and 30% of the 15N in
lentil green manure and fertilizer, respectively, were lost in
the 6-wk period after planting (8 May 1989). By wheat harvest
(8 Aug. 1989), 7% of the 15N in lentil and wheat straw and 37%
of the 15N in lentil green manure were mineralized. Addition
of green manure increased net mineralization of indigenous
soil N at the time of planting by 0.4 g m-2, equivalent to 10%
of added green manure N. Immobilization of soil and fertilizer
N was similar for lentil and wheat straw. The smaller fraction
of 15N assimilated from green manure (19%) than from
fertilizer (34%) by wheat was due solely to less net
mineralization of green-manure N rather than net
immobilization of fertilization N. Of the 15N added in lentil
and wheat straw, 5.5% was assimilated by wheat. Thus, lentil
straw was not a significant source of N in this study, while
approximately 40% of the N in lentil green manure was
potentially available for plant uptake.
180 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Potato response to legume and fertilizer nitrogen sources.
Griffin, T.S.; Hesterman, O.B.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Nov.
Agronomy journal v. 83 (6): p. 1004-1012; 1991 Nov. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Michigan; Solanum tuberosum; Rotations; Lotus
corniculatus; Trifolium pratense; Melilotus; Vicia villosa;
Zea mays; Green manures; Hay; Nitrogen fertilizers;
Application rates; Crop yield; Tubers; Nitrogen content; Plant
composition; Nutrient uptake; Nitrogen
Abstract: Production of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in
rotation with an N2-fixing legume requires better information
on the N contribution from the legume and on management of N
fertilizer following a legume. Objectives of this research
were to: (i) quantify N accumulation by legumes grown as
either green manure or hay; and (ii) evaluate the vine and
tuber yield response of a subsequent potato crop to legume and
fertilizer N. We established rotations at two Michigan
locations in 1987 on McBride sandy loam (coarse-loamy, mixed,
frigid Alfic Fragiothods) and Oshtemo sandy loam (coarse-
loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludalfs). First-year crops
included: alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), birdsfoot trefoil
(Lotus corniculatus L.), and red clover (Trifolium pratense
L.) grown as both green manure (0 harvests) and bay (two or
three seeding-year harvests); non-dormant 'Nitro' alfalfa hay;
sweetclover (Melilotus spp.) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa
Roth) green manures; corn (Zea mays L.); fallow; and potato.
The second-year crop was potato, fertilized with 0, 75, 150,
or 225 kg N ha-1. Plowdown N yield [PDN = fall(herbage +
root)N + spring herbage N] of legumes ranged from 33 (fall-
seeded hairy vetch) to 238 kg N ha-1 (sweetclover), with the
PDN yield of alfalfa, red clover, sweetclover, and spring-
seeded hairy vetch generally exceeding 150 kg ha-1. Seeding-
year harvest of legumes tended to have little effect on PDN
yield, compared to a green manure crop of the same species.
Potato vine dry matter and N content late in the season were
61 to 100 and 75 to 145% higher, respectively, following
legumes than following non-legumes, but total and marketable
tuber yields were not affected by rotation at either location.
Fertilizer N rate increased total marketable, and cull tuber
yield at MRF, with optimum N rates of about 120 and 170 kg
ha-1 for marketable and total tuber yield, respectively.
Nitrogen rate had no effect on tuber yield at KBS, suggesting
that moisture, not available N, limited t
181 NAL Call. No.: SB950.3.A8P535
The potential for cultural control of Tribulus, Cenchrus and
Emex in Sunraysia vineyards.
MacGregor, A.
Victoria : R.G. Richardson; 1990.
Plant protection quarterly v. 5 (3): p. 116-119; 1990. Paper
presented at the workshop on 'Control of Emex, Tribulus, and
Cenchrus, in vineyards,' August 13-14, 1990, Mildura,
Victoria, Australia.
Language: English
Descriptors: Australia; Vitis; Vineyards; Cultural weed
control; Emex australis; Tribulus terrestris; Cenchrus
longispinus; Tillage; Interrow cultivation; Herbicides;
Chemical control; Irrigation; Cover crops; Mulches; Staking
182 NAL Call. No.: TL796.A1C3
A potential landscape basis for the analysis of NOAA-AVHRR
data. Izaurralde, J.A.; Crown, P.H.
Ottawa, Ont. : Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute; 1990
Apr. Canadian journal of remote sensing v. 16 (1): p. 24-29;
1990 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alberta; Ground cover; Crops; Landscape; Land
use; Natural resources; Spectral data; Responses; Correlated
traits; Objectives; Discriminant analysis; Infrared imagery;
Remote sensing
183 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.B5
Potential of green manure species in recycling nitrogen,
phosphorus and potassium.
Atallah, T.; Lopez-Real, J.M.
Oxon : A B Academic Publishers; 1991.
Biological agriculture and horticulture : an international
journal v. 8 (1): p. 53-65; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Green manures; Legumes; Plants; Nutrients;
Recycling; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Potassium; Carbon; Carbon-
nitrogen ratio; Nutrient uptake; Nutrient content; Dry matter
accumulation; Biomass production; Growth rate; Losses from
soil systems; Cover crops; Nutrient availability
184 NAL Call. No.: S622.L26
Preliminary evaluation of pineapple mixed-cropping systems for
protecting reclaimed gulleys in the tropics: an experiment in
southeast Nigeria. Asoegwu, S.N.; Obiefuna, J.C.
Chichester, West Sussex, England : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd;
1990 Jul. Land degradation & rehabilitation v. 2 (3): p.
237-241; 1990 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nigeria; Ananas comosus; Citrullus lanatus; Vigna
unguiculata; Ultisols; Tropics; Mixed cropping; Intercropping;
Erosion control; Crop density; Canopy; Coverage; Cover crops;
Crop yield; Erosion; Measurement; Soil structure; Stability;
Soil water retention; Rain; Erosivity; Soil conservation;
Rehabilitation
185 NAL Call. No.: 100 G29S no.146
A preliminary report on the value of hairy vetch and crimson
clover for green manure.
Bledsoe, R. P.
Experiment, Ga. : Georgia Experiment Station,; 1927.
p. 188-208 ; 23 cm. (Bulletin (Georgia Experiment Station) ;
no. 146.). Cover title. January, 1927.
Language: English
Descriptors: Green manure crops; Vetch; Crimson clover
186 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 SO3
Production and persistence of soil enzymes with repeated
addition of organic residues.
Martens, D.A.; Johanson, J.B.; Frankenberger, W.T. Jr
Baltimore, Md. : Williams & Wilkins; 1992 Jan.
Soil science v. 153 (1): p. 53-61; 1992 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Coarse textured soils; Loam soils; Soil enzymes;
Enzyme activity; Temporal variation; Soil treatment; Poultry
manure; Sewage sludge; Barley straw; Hordeum vulgare; Medicago
sativa; Green manures; Soil flora; Humus; Soil structure; Soil
physical properties; Physicochemical properties;
Incorporation; Decomposition; Carbon cycle; Nitrogen cycle;
Phosphorus; Sulfur; Cycling; Persistence
187 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
The production of artificial manure from oats straw under
control conditions. Brown, P.E.; Smith, F.B.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1929 Mar.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 21 (3): p.
310-322; 1929 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Iowa; Green manures; Oat straw; Decomposition;
Chemical analysis; Carbon dioxide; Nitrification
Abstract: The data secured in these experiments showed that:
1. Composting oats straw with ammonium sulfate and lime, with
sodium nitrate, or with urea under conditions in the
greenhouse for five months led to rapid decomposition. 2. The
application to the straw of 1% or less of nitrogen in the form
of various nitrogenous materials permitted of the production
of a good artificial manure after five to nine months'
composting under optimum moisture and temperature conditions.
With additions smaller than 1% the treatment with ammonium
sulfate and lime seemed to be preferable. 3. The rate of
decomposition of various mixtures of straw and chemicals in
sand as measured by carbon dioxide production in the
laboratory was very rapid when ammonium sulfate with calcium
carbonate or urea were employed. The other nitrogenous
materials were less effective and cyanamid gave a depression.
4. The results of a field experiment indicate that
decomposition was more rapid in various compost mixtures than
with straw alone. The decomposition in the open, however, was
not so rapid as in the greenhouse and there were no great
differences among the different composts. 5. The artificial
manures produced in the greenhouse with two exceptions showed
as great or greater effect than farm manure on the nitrate
content of a virgin Carrington loam. The nitrifying power of
the soil was stimulated by practically all of the mixtures;
but to a less extent than by manure in the early days
following treatment, although later the effects were greater
than those brought about by manure. In some cases the nitrate
assimilating power of the soil was stimulated by the
artificial manures but not to a large extent. The effects,
however, were very similar to those brought about by farmyard
manure. 6. The production of an artificial manure which will
have similar beneficial effects to farm manure seems quite
possible.
188 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Productivity and quality of annual and perennial clover-tall
fescue mixtures. Pederson, G.A.; Brink, G.E.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Jul.
Agronomy journal v. 83 (4): p. 694-699; 1991 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Trifolium repens; Trifolium
pratense; Trifolium vesiculosum; Trifolium incarnatum;
Trifolium subterraneum; Festuca arundinacea; Crop mixtures;
Crop yield; Crop quality
Abstract: Winter annual legumes seeded in perennial clover-
tall fescue pastures could increase early spring herbage
production without N fertilizer. This study determined the
productivity and forage quality of 'Regal' white (Trifolium
repens L.) and 'Kenland' red clover (T. pratense L.)/tall
fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) mixtures grown with and
without 'Yuchi' arrowleaf (T. vesiculosum Savi.), 'Tibbee'
crimson (T. incarnatum L.), and 'Meteora' subterranean clover
(T. subterraneum L. var. yanninicum [Katzn. & Morley] Zoh.).
The experimental design was a split plot with four replicates.
Whole plots were red, white, red + white, and no perennial
clover. Subplots were arrowleaf, crimson, subterranean, and no
annual clover. All species were broadcast seeded on a Catalpa
silty clay (fine, montmorillonitic, Fluvaquentic Hapludoll) at
Mississippi State, MS, in October 1984. The annual clovers
were reseeded in September 1985 and 1986. Arrowleaf and
crimson clover competition resulted in 11% less total dry
matter and 16% less clover yield compared to no annual clover
in perennial clover plots during the first 2 yr of the study.
The only yield advantage for perennial clover/tall fescue
mixtures with arrowleaf or crimson clovers was in the third
year when perennial clover stands declined (mainly due to dry
weather conditions) and annual clover overseeding give 114%
greater clover yields. Subterranean clover had little effect
on yield or forage quality when grown with perennial clovers.
Crude protein and in vitro digestible dry matter
concentrations were increased in early spring 1985 and 1987 by
the addition of arrowleaf or crimson clovers to perennial
clover plots.
189 NAL Call. No.: 65.9 SO83
Protection against flood damage.
Platford, G.G.
Mount Edgecombe : The Association; 1988.
Proceedings of the annual congress - South African Sugar
Technologists' Association (62nd): p. 227-231; 1988. Meeting
held on June 6-9, 1988, Durban and Mount Edgecombe, South
Africa. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: South Africa; Flood control; Flooding; Floods;
Storms; Rain; Watersheds; Drainage channels; Cover crops; Crop
yield; Saccharum officinarum
190 NAL Call. No.: SB950.3.A8P535
Purity study of imported leguminous cover crops.
Tasrif, A.; Sahid, I.B.; Sastroutomo, S.S.; Latiff, A.
Victoria : R.G. Richardson; 1991.
Plant protection quarterly v. 6 (4): p. 190-193; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Malaysia; Oil palms; Plantations; Rubber plants;
Cover crops; Pueraria; Calopogonium caeruleum; Calopogonium
mucunoides; Centrosema pubescens; Mucuna cochinchinensis; Seed
quality; Seed purity; Weeds; Seeds; Viability; Importation
191 NAL Call. No.: S1.N32
Put bean fields to bed for winter.
Hofstetter, B.
Emmaus, Pa. : Rodale Institute; 1991 Sep.
The New farm v. 13 (6): p. 34; 1991 Sep.
Language: English
Descriptors: Glycine max; Cover crops; Oversowing
192 NAL Call. No.: 100 AR42F
Reduction in black root rot of cotton and the blackroot rot
pathogen Thielaviopsis basicola by hairy vetch.
Kendig, S.M.; Rothrock, C.S.
Fayetteville, Ark. : The Station; 1991 May.
Arkansas farm research - Arkansas Agricultural Experiment
Station v. 40 (3): p. 8-9; 1991 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Arkansas; Gossypium; Thielaviopsis basicola;
Vicia villosa; Cover crops
193 NAL Call. No.: 64.8 C883
Registration of 'Humus' rapeseed.
Auld, D.L.; Mahler, K.A.; Erickson, D.A.; Raymer, P.L.
Madison, Wis. : Crop Science Society of America; 1992 Jul.
Crop science v. 32 (4): p. 1068; 1992 Jul. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Idaho; Brassica napus var. oleifera; Cultivars;
Registration; Origin; Breeding methods; Selection criteria;
Winter; Cover crops; Erosion control; Agronomic
characteristics
194 NAL Call. No.: 100 P381 no.585
Rejuvenation of an old apple orchard by means of fertilizers,
mulches and cover crops.
Hewetson, Frank N.
State College : Pennsylvania State University, College of
Agriculture, Agricultural Experiment Station,; 1954.
33 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. (Bulletin (Pennsylvania State
University. Agricultural Experiment Station) ; 585.). Cover
title. Bibliography: p. 33.
Language: English
Descriptors: Apple
195 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
The relation of soil acidity to the decomposition of organic
residues. Thom, C.; Smith, N.R.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1933 Jun.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 25 (6): p.
392-396; 1933 Jun. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Vicia; Decay fungi; Soil bacteria; Soil acidity;
Decomposition; Soil organic matter; Green manures; Root
systems; Microbial degradation
Abstract: Experimental work designed to define the relation
of soil acidity to the decomposition of organic remains is
reviewed. Organic substances subjected to decomposition in
connection with the soil include (a) material distributed over
the surface and left to decay there; (b) masses plowed under;
and (c) roots of green plants distributed through the soil by
their method of growth. Intensive study of the microbic
factors involved in these decomposition processes have brought
out certain points of considerable interest, as follows: 1.
Total plate counts of micro-organisms in acid and limed plats
of the same soil without other treatment show the general
level of microbic activity in the limed plats to be about 2 to
3 times that of the acid plats. 2. Organic remains upon the
surface break down by aerobic activities which involve
enourmous numbers of bacteria, fungi, and other organisms,
without correlated effects upon the micro-population of the
underlying soil. 3. Green manures plowed into soils in good
tillable condition are broken down principally by bacterial
activity without affecting or being affected by the acidity of
the surrounding soil. 4. Growing root systems surrounded by
very narrow zones of microbic activity give pH tests at least
partially independent of the adjacent soil, hence present
biological conditions determined by their own acidity rather
than that of the soil.
196 NAL Call. No.: 100 N48 (2) no.632
Relations between orchard soils and cover crops.
Collison, R. C.
Geneva, N.Y. : New York State Agricultural Experiment
Station,; 1933. 18 p. ; 23 cm. (Bulletin (New York State
Agricultural Experiment Station) ; no. 632.). Cover title.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cover crops; Orchards; Soil management
197 NAL Call. No.: 450 C16
Relationships between cover performance and date of fall-
seeding where winter rye was broadcast into a standing potato
crop.
Edwards, L.M.; Sadler, J.M.
Ottawa : Agricultural Institute of Canada; 1992 Jan.
Canadian journal of plant science; Revue canadienne de
phytotechnie v. 72 (1): p. 269-274; 1992 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Prince edward Island; Solanum tuberosum; Secale
cereale; Crop production; Intercropping; Sowing date; Autumn;
Harvesting date; Winter; Companion crops; Cover crops; Sowing
methods
198 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Relative nitrogen utilization by legume cover crop species at
three soil temperatures.
Power, J.F.; Zachariassen, J.A.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1993 Jan.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 85 (1): p.
134-140; 1993 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cover crops; Vicia faba; Vicia villosa; Melilotus
alba; Trifolium repens; Trifolium incarnatum; Glycine max;
Lespedeza stipulacea; Pisum sativum; Characterization;
Nutrient uptake; Water use; Edaphic factors; Soil temperature
Abstract: When selecting a legume cover crop, one should know
relative N-fixing and N uptake capabilities, as well as growth
and water use characteristics, to identify the species best
adapted to the growth period and soil temperatures (season)
during which the cover crop is grown. We provide information
on these characteristics for eight inoculated legume species
at soil temperatures of 10, 20, and 30 degrees C. Plants were
grown in constant-temperature water baths in a greenhouse for
105 d after establishment in 1.1 kg of Alliance silt loam
(fine silty, mixed, mesic, Aridic Argiustoll) per pot. Plant
samples were taken every 21 d for determinations of dry
weight, total N uptake, and N2 fixed (isotope dilution
method). Water use was measured daily by weighing. Total N
uptake and N2 fixation were usually greatest for large-seeded
annual species during the first 42 to 63 d of the experiment.
At 10 degrees C total N uptake and N2 fixation were greatest
for hairy vetch (HV), Vicia villosa Roth and faba bean (FB),
Vicia faba L. At later sampling dates, N uptake and fixation
for white clover (WC), Trifolium repens L., was also
relatively high. At 20 degrees C, soybean (SB), [Glycine max
(L.) Merr.] exhibited outstanding growth and N uptake
throughout the 105 d. For the first 42 d, FB performance also
was superior to other species. At 30 degrees C, N uptake and
fixation by SB was more than double that of any other species
at all sampling dates. Quantity of N2 fixed per unit water
used was greatest at 10 degrees C for WC, followed closely by
HV and field pea (FP) Pisum sativum L.; at 20 degrees C, SB
followed by WC and lespedeza (LD), Lespedeza stipulacea
Maxim.; and at 30 degrees C, LD followed by SB. Our results
suggest that under many situations (early spring) some grain
legumes, such as SB and FB, may be a better cover crop than
many species commonly used.
199 NAL Call. No.: QH84.8.B46
The release and plant uptake of nitrogen from some plant and
animal manures. Rees, R.M.; Yan, L.; Ferguson, M.
Berlin : Springer International; 1993.
Biology and fertility of soils v. 15 (4): p. 285-293; 1993.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Scotland; Hordeum vulgare; Lolium perenne;
Triticum aestivum; Animal manures; Green manures;
Interactions; Mineralization; Nitrogen; Nutrient uptake; Pisum
sativum
200 NAL Call. No.: QK898.N6N52
Release of nitrogen during decomposition of legume tree
leaves. Hussain, A.; Ranjha, A.M.; Sharar, M.S.; Ghaffar, A.
Bangkok, Thailand : Thailand Institute of Scientific and
Technological Research; 1990 Aug.
Nitrogen fixing tree research reports v. 8: p. 51-53; 1990
Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pakistan; Leguminosae; Nitrogen fixing trees;
Leaves; Green manures; Soil amendments; Crop yield;
Decomposition; Nitrogen; Nutrient availability
201 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 J822
Research needs for sustainable agriculture.
Vorst, J.J.
Ankeny, Iowa : Soil and Water Conservation Society of America;
1990 Jan. Journal of soil and water conservation v. 45 (1): p.
58-69. ill; 1990 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Research; Sustainability; Alternative farming;
Soil fertility; Environmental impact; Pest control; Cover
crops
202 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Reseeding, biomass, and nitrogen content of selected winter
legumes in grain sorghum culture.
Boquet, D.J.; Dabney, S.M.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Jan.
Agronomy journal v. 83 (1): p. 144-148; 1991 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sorghum bicolor; Winter; Cover crops; Trifolium
incarnatum; Trifolium alexandrinum; Trifolium vesiculosum;
Trifolium subterraneum; Vicia; Cultivars; Seeds; Seed
dispersal; Natural regeneration; Biomass; Growth rate;
Nitrogen content
Abstract: Winter legumes as green manure crops in grain
sorghum, Sorghum bicolor L. Moench, production on clay soils
in the southern USA would be facilitated by increased
knowledge of growth responses and reseeding capability of
legume cultivars. This study evaluated 'Tibbee' crimson,
Trifolium incarnatum L.; 'Bigbee' berseem, T. alexandrinum L.:
'Yuchi' arrowleaf, T. vesiculosum Savi.; and 'Woogenellup'
subterranean, T. subterraneum L. clovers and 'Woodford' big
flower vetch, Vicia grandiflora Scop., for reseeding, biomass
and N content at seven growth termination dates (GTD): 20 and
31 March, 10 and 21 April and 1, 13, and 22 May 1986. The
field experiment was initially planted on 15 Oct. 1985 on a
Mhoon silty clay (fine-silty, mixed, nonacid, thermic, Typic
Fluvaquents). No legume was able to reseed the first year when
the GTD was on or before 10 April. Crimson and subterranean
clover and big flower vetch successfully reseeded at a GTD of
21 April. Berseem clover did not reseed unless the GTD was as
late as 13 May, and arrowleaf clover did not reseed at any
GTD. The legumes that reseeded the first year also reseeded a
second year. Maximum biomass:N (kg ha-1) accumulation was
5500:150 for crimson; 6550:190 for berseem; 6350:152 for
subterranean; 6300:203 for arrowleaf clovers; and 2700:80 for
big flower vetch. Maximum biomass and N accumulation occurred
by the date of reseeding for all five legumes; thus, growth of
these legumes need not extend beyond this date to realize all
of the green manure benefits. Nitrogen content of all legumes,
except big flower vetch, was theoretically sufficient to meet
the requirements of a grain sorghum crop without additional N
fertilizer.
203 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Reseeding potential of crimson clover as a cover crop for no-
tillage corn. Myers, J.L.; Wagger, M.G.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1991 Nov.
Agronomy journal v. 83 (6): p. 985-991; 1991 Nov. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Zea mays; Cover crops; No-
tillage; Trifolium incarnatum; Reproductive performance;
Seeds; Volunteer plants; Crop establishment; Resowing; Seed
germination; Nitrogen fertilizers; Application rates; Crop
yield; Grain; Maize silage; Nitrogen content; Nutrient uptake;
Dry matter accumulation
Abstract: Leguminous cover crops can provide biologically
fixed N to a subsequent corn (Zea mays L.) crop as well as
erosion control and moisture conserving mulch, but
establishment is costly and often unsuccessful. A field
experiment was conducted for 3 yr to determine the self-
reseeding potential of crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum
L.) and its N contribution in a no-tillage corn production
system. Four cover crop management treatments (fallow, annual-
seeded, volunteer-reseeded, and volunteer strip-reseeded) were
combined factorially with four fertilizer-N rates (0, 50, 100,
or 150 kg ha-1) applied to the subsequent corn crop. The
annual-seeded, volunteer-reseeded, and volunteer strip-
reseeded clover treatments were desiccated at corn planting.
Averaged over 3 yr, crimson clover dry matter was 2.6, 4.2,
and 3.5 Mg ha-1 for the annual-seeded, volunteer-reseeded, and
strip-reseeded treatments, respectively. In 1988 and 1989,
cover crop treatments produced mean corn grain yields of 6.0
and 6.1 Mg ha-1 compared to fallow treatment yields of 3.4 and
4.0 Mg ha-1, respectively. This same pattern was reflected in
the silage yields and total corn N uptake. Corn grain yields
were unaffected by fertilizer-N rate in two out of 3 yr due to
limited rainfall. Both self-reseeding treatments successfully
reestablished each year and increased corn yields primarily by
a mulching effect. Allowing crimson clover to mature before
chemical desiccation or leaving strips between corn rows to
produce seed appear to be effective methods of reseeding
clover in a no-tillage corn silage production system.
204 NAL Call. No.: QK898.N6N52
Response of different sources of nitrogen fixing green manures
on yield of paddy-wheat at Tarhara during 1988-89.
Chaudhary, S.L.
Bangkok, Thailand : Thailand Institute of Scientific and
Technological Research; 1990 Aug.
Nitrogen fixing tree research reports v. 8: p. 48-50; 1990
Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nepal; Oryza sativa; Triticum aestivum;
Leguminosae; Nitrogen fixation; Green manures; Crop yield
205 NAL Call. No.: 26 T754
Response of rainfed lowland rice to green manuring with
Sesbania rostrata. Manguiat, I.J.; Guinto, D.F.; Perez, A.S.;
Pintor, R.M.
London : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Jan.
Tropical agriculture v. 69 (1): p. 73-77; 1992 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Philippines; Oryza sativa; Green manures;
Sesbania; Yield components
206 NAL Call. No.: SB193.F59
Response of sorghum-sudangrass to soil amended with alfalfa or
red clover tissues.
Sheldon, R.J.; Johnson, K.D.; Turco, R.F.; Volenec, J.J.
Columbia, Mo. : American Forage and Grassland Council; 1991.
Proceedings of the Forage and Grassland Conference. p. 83-86;
1991. Meeting held April 1-4, 1991, Columbia, Missouri.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sorghum; Hybrids; Green manures; Medicago sativa;
Trifolium pratense; Crop yield; Nitrogen content; Nutrient
uptake
207 NAL Call. No.: 100 P381 no.483
Response of Stayman apple trees in metal cylinders to varying
amounts of inorganic nitrogenous fertilizers and green
manures.
State College : Pennsylvania State College, School of
Agriculture, Agricultural Experiment Station,; 1946.
120 p. : ill., ; 22 cm. (Bulletin (Pennsylvania State College.
Agricultural Experiment Station) ; 483.). Cover title.
Bibliography: p. 118-120.
Language: English
Descriptors: Apple
208 NAL Call. No.: 79.8 W41
Response of weed to tillage and cover crop residue.
Teasdale, J.R.; Beste, C.E.; Potts, W.E.
Champaign, Ill. : Weed Science Society of America; 1991 Apr.
Weed science v. 39 (2): p. 195-199; 1991 Apr. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Maryland; Zea mays; Secale cereale; Vicia
villosa; Cover crops; Plant residues; No-tillage; Plowing;
Weeds; Population density; Mollugo verticillata; Chenopodium
album; Eleusine indica; Digitaria sanguinalis; Eragrostis
cilianensis; Cultural weed control
Abstract: Total weed density increased after 1 yr of no-
tillage and after 2 yr of conventional tillage in a 4-yr
experiment with repeated assignment of the same treatment to
the same plots. Large crabgrass, goosegrass, and carpetweed
densities were higher in the no-tillage compared with the
conventional-tillage treatment in at least 1 yr whereas common
lambsquarters density was greater in the conventional-tillage
treatment the last year of the experiment. Within the no-
tillage treatment, rye or hairy vetch residue reduced total
weed density an average of 78% compared to the treatment
without cover crop when cover crop biomass exceeded 300 g m-2
and when residue covered more than 90% of the soil.
Goosegrass, stinkgrass, and carpetweed densities were reduced
by cover crop residue in at least 1 yr whereas large crabgrass
was unaffected. Common lambsquarters density increased where
rye was grown as a cover crop prior to conventional tillage.
Despite differences in weed density among treatments, weed
biomass was equivalent in all.
209 NAL Call. No.: SB1.H6
Screening cover crops for use in conservation tillage systems
for vegetables following spring plowing.
Nelson, W.A.; Kahn, B.A.; Roberts, B.W.
Alexandria, Va. : American Society for Horticultural Science;
1991 Jul. HortScience v. 26 (7): p. 860-862; 1991 Jul.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oklahoma; Cover crops; Screening; Conservation
tillage; Vegetables; Cultivation; Herbicides; Treatment
Abstract: Several prospective cover crops were sown into 1-m2
monoculture plots on 9 Mar. 1987 and 10 Mar. 1988 at Bixby,
Okla., and on 14 Mar. 1988 at Lane, Okla., after sites were
plowed and fitted. Densities and dry weights of cover crops
and weeds were determined in late April or early May of both
years. Plots also were evaluated for degree of kill by
glyphosate in 1988. Fourteen cover crops were screened at
Bixby in 1987. Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and three
fescues Festuca rubra L., Festuca rubra L. var. commutata
Gaud.-Beaup., and Festuca elatior L.) were eliminated from
further consideration due to inadequate cover density and
inability to suppress weeds. Screenings of the 10 remaining
covers were conducted at both locations in 1988. Annual
ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) and three small grains [rye
(Secale cereale L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and wheat
(Triticum aestivum L.)] were the most promising cover crops
with respect to cover density, competitiveness against weeds,
and degree of kill by glyphosate. Crimson clover (Trifolium
incarnatum L.) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) were the
most promising legumes, but they generally were less
satisfactory than the grassy covers in all tested aspects. A
single application of glyphosate was ineffective in killing
hairy vetch at both locations. Chemical name used: N-
(phosphonomethyl)glycine (glyphosate).
210 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Seasonal microbial biomass dynamics after addition of lentil
and wheat residues.
Bremer, E.; Van Kessel, C.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1992 Jul.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 56 (4): p.
1141-1146; 1992 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Saskatchewan; Soil flora; Biomass; Biological
activity in soil; Crop residues; Lentils; Green manures;
Wheat; Straw; Straw incorporation; Carbon; Nitrogen;
Assimilation; Seasonal fluctuations
Abstract: The dynamics of soil microbial biomass after the
addition of plant residues have a considerable influence on
nutrient availability for plants, and can be quantified using
the chloroform-fumigation-extraction method. The dynamics of
microbial C and N following addition of 14C- and 15N-labeled
lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) green manure, lentil straw, and
wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw were investigated under
field conditions at a site located at Outlook, Saskatchewan,
on a Bradwell sandy loam (Typic Boroll). Plant residues were
incorporated into microplots on 5 Oct. 1988, and the fraction
of added 14C and 15-N in microbial biomass was determined on
four dates during the 1989 growing season. Maximum levels of
labeled and unlabeled microbial biomass were observed at the
time of planting (8 May) in 1989. Of added 14C, 26 and 15% was
in the microbial biomass in the green manure and straw
treatments, respectively, on 8 May; greater microbial
accumulation of green-manure 14C was due to a higher
proportion of 14C being available rather than to a higher
efficiency of 14C assimilation. Microbial 15N accounted for 65
to 81% of added residue 15N on 8 May. Plant-residue 15N was
readily available to decomposer microorganisms from all
residue types, whereas 14C was more available from green
manure than straw. During the 1989 growing season, microbial
14C declined by 51 and 400/c in the green manure and straw
treatments, respectively, while microbial 15N declined by 54%
in all treatments. The decline in microbial 15N during the
1989 growing season was approximately five times greater than
the amount of 15N mineralized in all sampling periods except
the first for the green-manure treatment. The highest levels
of labeled and unlabeled microbial biomass observed at the
time of planting indicates that microbial biomass may reduce
losses of N and other nutrients during periods of low crop
demand, and may act as a source of nutrients during crop
growth.
211 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Seed production studies with legumes in Hawaii.
Wilsie, C.P.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1935 Oct.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 27 (10): p.
784-790; 1935 Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Hawaii; Legumes; Seed production; Green manures;
Row spacing; Yields; Species trials; Forage
Abstract: Seed yields are reported for a number of green
manuring and forage legumes grown at different spacings under
Hawaiian conditions. The possibilities for seed production are
very favorable for most of the legumes tested. A fairly close
spacing of plants gave better results with most species than a
wide spacing. A detailed spacing experiment with the blue
lupine grown at 2,100 et elevation is reported. With the blue
lupine the hill spacing of inches was better than any wider
spacing. This held true regardless of the number of plants per
hill. The use of three, four, or five plants per hill
(considering each spacing series) gave slightly higher yields
than one or two plants per hill. Increases in yield resulted
from an increase in the number of plants per acre until about
87,000 plants were used. Seed production with the pigeon pea
was studied at low elevations in Honolulu. It was found that
within rather wide limits a change in spacing had but little
effect on yield. This species seems to possess the remarkable
ability to utilize the space offered. If planted thickly the
stems were slender and grew straight up with little branching,
while if given adequate space the plants became very bushy
with a great deal of branching. This adaptability resulted in
yields that were approximately the same when the number of
plants per acre was varied from 2,000 to 14,000. Differences
in the fertility level, soil moisture, and seasonal conditions
undoubtedly have a great influence on the yield of seed under
different spacing treatments. It is not presumed that the data
presented give precisely the best spacing to use with each of
the legumes considered. It is believed, however, that the
results do present a reasonably satisfactory basis for the
adoption of spacing recommendations when grown under
conditions similar to those found in Hawaii.
212 NAL Call. No.: 420 K13
Seedcorn maggot (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) populations on Ohio
soybean. Hammond, R.B.
Lawrence, Kan. : The Society; 1991 Apr.
Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society v. 64 (2): p.
216-220; 1991 Apr. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Ohio; Glycine max; Cover crops; Incorporation;
Delia platura; Planting date; Oviposition; Population density;
Insect traps; Surveys; Crop damage
213 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.A43
Soil and crop management effects on soil quality indicators.
Karlen, D.L.; Eash, N.S.; Unger, P.W.
Greenbelt, Md. : Institute for Alternative Agriculture; 1992.
American journal of alternative agriculture v. 7 (1/2): p.
48-55; 1992. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Soil fertility; Soil management; Soil analysis;
Assessment; Crop management; Soil texture; Conservation
tillage; Rotations; Cover crops; Strip cropping; Grass
clippings
Abstract: People are becoming more aware that our soil
resources are as vulnerable to degradation as air or water,
but criteria are needed to learn how soil quality is changing.
Our objectives in this review are: (1) to illustrate that
interactions between human and natural factors determine soil
quality; (2) to identify indicators that can be used to
evaluate human-induced effects on soil quality; and (3) to
suggest soil and crop management strategies that will sustain
or improve soil quality. The physical, chemical, and
biological processes and interactions within the soil are
critical factors affecting all indicators of soil quality. The
biological processes are especially important because they
provide much of the resiliency or buffering capacity to
ameliorate stress. Presumably, no single soil or crop
management practice will guarantee improved soil quality, but
conservation tillage, cover crops, and crop rotations are
practices that may be effective. Alley or narrow-strip
cropping may facilitate adoption of several of those agronomic
practices and increase temporal and spatial diversity across
the landscape. To maintain or possibly improve soil quality
and simultaneously address a growing waste disposal problem,
we suggest that urban lawn and newspaper waste be evaluated as
carbon sources. We conclude that the most critical factor,
regardless of the soil and crop management strategy, is to
recognize that carbon is an essential element for improving
soil quality in the U.S. and around the world.
214 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 J822
Soil erosion studies in Peru.
Alegre, J.C.; Felipe-Morales, C.; La Torre, B.
Ankeny, Iowa : Soil and Water Conservation Society of America;
1990 May. Journal of soil and water conservation v. 45 (3): p.
417-420; 1990 May. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Peru; Erosion; Wind erosion; Water; Erosion;
Cover crops; Rain; Vegetation
215 NAL Call. No.: aSD11.A42
Soil fumigation, cover cropping, and organic soil amendments:
their effect on soil-borne pathogens and the target seedling.
Hamm, P.B.; Hansen, E.M.
Fort Collins, Colo. : The Station; 1990 Dec.
General technical report RM - Rocky Mountain Forest and Range
Experiment Station, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest
Service (200): p. 174-180; 1990 Dec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Pacific states of U.S.A.; Conifers; Forest
nurseries; Seedlings; Soil fumigation; Cover crops; Soil
amendments; Organic amendments; Pythium; Fusarium; Brassica
216 NAL Call. No.: SB950.3.A8P535
Soil management in South Australian vineyards.
Lang, D.I.
Victoria : R.G. Richardson; 1990.
Plant protection quarterly v. 5 (3): p. 114-115; 1990. Paper
presented at the workshop on 'Control of Emex, Tribulus, and
Cenchrus, in vineyards,' August 13-14, 1990, Mildura,
Victoria, Australia.
Language: English
Descriptors: South australia; Vitis; Weed control; Cenchrus
longispinus; Emex australis; Tribulus terrestris; Chemical
control; Vineyards; Vineyard soils; Soil management; Mulches;
Cover crops; Tillage
217 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N7A4
Soil management is crucial for higher-density orchards.
Stiles, W.C.
Middletown, N.Y. : Cornell Cooperative Ext.--Orange County
Agriculture Program, Education Center; 1989 Apr.
Agfocus : publication of Cornell Cooperative Extension--Orange
County. p. 7, 9; 1989 Apr.
Language: English
Descriptors: Orchards; Soil management; Cover crops; Crop
husbandry
218 NAL Call. No.: QH84.8.B46
Soil N dynamics and N yield of barley grown on Breton loam
using N from biological fixation or fertilizer.
Wani, S.P.; McGill, W.B.; Robertson, J.A.
Berlin : Springer International; 1991.
Biology and fertility of soils v. 12 (1): p. 10-18; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alberta; Hordeum vulgare; Continuous cropping;
Rotations; Soil fertility; Avena sativa; Green manures;
Mineralization; Nitrogen; Nitrogen fertilizers; Vicia faba;
Site factors; Soil biology; Soil chemistry; Soil physical
properties
219 NAL Call. No.: 309.9 N216
Soil solarization: effect on low-input fertilization and
growth responses of strawberry.
Stevens, C.; Khan, V.A.; Tang, A.Y.
Peoria, Ill. : National Agricultural Plastics Association;
1990. Proceedings of the ... National Agricultural Plastics
Congress (22nd): p. 159-162; 1990. Paper presented at the
"22nd Congress of National Agricultural Plastics Association,"
May 21-25, 1990, Montreal, Quebec. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Green manures; Soil sterilization; Weeds
220 NAL Call. No.: 100 N48C (2) no.115
Some relations of green manures to the nitrogen of a soil.
Lyon, T. L.; Wilson, B. D.
Ithaca, N.Y. : Cornell University,; 1928.
28 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. (Memoir (Cornell University.
Agricultural Experiment Station) ; 115.).
Language: English
Descriptors: Green manure crops; Soils
221 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 J822
Stale seedbed production of soybeans with a wheat cover crop.
Elmore, C.D.; Wesley, R.A.; Heatherly, L.G.
Ankeny, Iowa : Soil and Water Conservation Society of America;
1992 Mar. Journal of soil and water conservation v. 47 (2): p.
187-190; 1992 Mar. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Glycine max; Triticum; Double
cropping; Ground cover; Seedbeds; Clay soils
222 NAL Call. No.: S540.A2F62
Studies of chemical combinations and rates used to convert a
living crimson clover cover crop to a mulch for no-tillage
planting of summer crops. Gallaher, R.N.
Gainesville, Fla. : The Stations; 1986.
Agronomy research report AY - Agricultural Experiment
Stations, University of Florida (86-07): 11 p.; 1986.
Language: English
Descriptors: Florida; Trifolium incarnatum; Cover crops;
Treatment; Herbicides; Mulches
223 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Studies of soybeans and other green manure crops for sugarcane
plantations. Arceneaux, G.; McKaig, N. Jr; Stokes, I.E.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1932 May.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 24 (5): p.
354-363; 1932 May.
Language: English
Descriptors: Louisiana; Saccharum officinarum; Glycine max;
Crotalaria juncea; Crop yield; Plant water relations; Nitrogen
content; Planting date; Harvesting date; Plantation crops;
Green manures; Growth stages; Provenance
Abstract: Experiments were conducted at the U.S. Sugar Plant
Field Station, in Terribonne Parish, near Houma, La., in 1930,
to determine the fresh weight, dry weight, and nitrogen
content of several legume crops when planted on different
dates and at different rates of seeding and harvested at
varying stages of maturity. The data indicate the following:
In the sugarcane rotation, soybeans should be planted in the
early spring for the best results. Soybeans yield the maximum
green matter, dry matter, and nitrogen per acre when they are
in the full bloom stage. With early-planted Biloxi this stage
was attained between August 1 and 15. The Biloxi variety
appears to be a better variety than Otootan for green manuring
purposes. Crotalaria juncea reached its optimum stage for
turning under about 110 days after planting, this period
corresponding approximately to the full bloom stage. This
plant makes a very rapid and satisfactory growth. The most
satisfactory rate of planting Biloxi soybeans is from 25 to 35
pounds and for Otootan about 20 pounds per acre. Among several
legumes new to Louisiana, Cajanus indicus, Crotalaria
usaramoensis, C. anagyroides, and Centrosema plumieri show
promise as green manure crops.
224 NAL Call. No.: 100 C12CAG
Subclovers as living mulches for managing weeds in vegetables.
Lanini, W.T.; Pittenger, D.R.; Graves, W.L.; Munoz, F.;
Agamalian, H.S. Oakland, Calif. : Division of Agriculture and
Natural Resources, University of California; 1989 Nov.
California agriculture v. 43 (6): p. 25-27; 1989 Nov.
Language: English
Descriptors: Trifolium subterraneum; Live mulches; Plant
residues; Evaporation suppressants; Weed competition; Cultural
weed control; Soil organic matter; Vegetable growing; Field
experimentation
225 NAL Call. No.: S601.A34
Subterranean clover living mulch: an alternative method of
weed control. Ilnicki, R.D.; Enache, A.J.
Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1992 May.
Agriculture, ecosystems and environment v. 40 (1/4): p.
249-264; 1992 May. In the Special Issue: Biotic Diversity in
Agroecosystems / edited by M.G. Paoletti and D. Pimentel.
Proceedings from a symposium on Agroecology and Conservation
Issues in Tropical and a Temperate Regions, September 26-29,
1990, Padova, Italy. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New Jersey; Weed control; Live mulches; Trifolium
subterraneum; Mulches; Secale cereale; Cover crops; Zea mays;
Glycine max; Cucurbita pepo; Brassica oleracea; Phaseolus
vulgaris; Lycopersicon esculentum; Tillage; Minimum tillage;
No-tillage; Herbicides; Weeds; Biomass production; Crop yield;
Alternative farming
226 NAL Call. No.: QL391.N4J62
Suppression of root-knot nematode populations with selected
rapeseed cultivars as green manure.
Mojtahedi, H.; Santo, G.S.; Hang, A.N.; Wilson, J.H.
Lake Alfred, Fla. : Society of Nematologists; 1991 Apr.
Journal of nematology v. 23 (2): p. 170-174; 1991 Apr.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Brassica napus; Brassica campestris; Meloidogyne
chitwoodi; Meloidogyne hapla; Population density; Cultivars;
Green manures; Nematode control
Abstract: Meloidogyne chitwoodi races 1 and 2 and M. hapla
reproduced on 12 cultivars of Brassica napus and two cultivars
of B. campestris. The mean reproductive factors (Rf), Rf = Pf
at 55 days divided by 5,000, for the three nematodes were 8.3,
2.2, and 14.3, respectively. All three nematodes reproduced
more efficiently (P < 0.05) on B. campestris than on B. napus.
Amending M. chitwoodi-infested soil in plastic bags with
chopped shoots of Jupiter rapeseed reduced the nematode
population more (P < 0.05) than amendment with wheat shoots.
Incorporating Jupiter shoots to soil heavily infested with M.
chitwoodi in microplots reduced the nematode population more
(P < 0.05) than fallow or corn shoot treatments. The greatest
reduction in nematode population density was attained by
cropping rapeseed for 2 months and incorporating it into the
soil as a green manure.
227 NAL Call. No.: S601.A34
Survival and growth of peach trees and pest populations in
orchard plots managed with experimental ground covers.
Meyer, J.R.; Zehr, E.I.; Meagher, R.L. Jr; Salvo, S.K.
Amsterdam : Elsevier; 1992 Sep.
Agriculture, ecosystems and environment v. 41 (3/4): p.
353-363; 1992 Sep. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Prunus persica; Crop management; Ground cover
plants; Species; Cover crops; Survival; Growth; Plant pests;
Populations; Population density; Crop damage; Species
differences; Integrated pest management; Weed control;
Cultural control
228 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Sustaining soil nitrogen for corn using hairy vetch cover
crop. Utomo, M.; Frye, W.W.; Blevins, R.L.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1990 Sep.
Agronomy journal v. 82 (5): p. 979-983; 1990 Sep. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Kentucky; Zea mays; Winter; Cover crops; Vicia
villosa; Secale cereale; Stubble; No-tillage; Tillage;
Nitrogen fertilizers; Application rates; Crop yield; Grain;
Nitrates (inorganic salts); Residual effects; Nitrogen
Abstract: Nitrogen fertility management is often complicated
by inadequate supply, low efficiency, high losses, and the
potential of polluting water resources. This study was
conducted in 1984 and 1985 on a Maury soil (fine, mixed, mesic
Typic Paleudalfs) in Kentucky to determine the role of a hairy
vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) cover crop in sustaining soil N for
corn (Zea mays L.) under no-tillage and conventional tillage.
Winter cover treatments of hairy vetch, rye (Secale cereale
L.), and corn residue were combined factorially with N rates
of 0, 85, and 170 kg ha-1 the two tillage systems. Total soil
C and N in the 0- to 7.5-cm depth, averaged across treatments
and sampling dates, were 21.8 and 2.07 g kg-1, respectively,
in no-tillage and 16.6 and 1.70 g kg-1 in conventional
tillage. Values were 19.8 and 1.99 g kg-1, respectively, with
hairy vetch and 18.8 and 1.80 g kg-1 with rye. Conventional
tillage caused rapid mineralization of soil N, as indicated by
greater inorganic N approximately 6 wk after plowing. Nitrate
apparently leached deeper into the soil under no-tillage than
conventional tillage. Grain yield without N on the vetch
treatment was essentially equal to yields with 170 kg N ha-1
on the rye or corn residue treatments-6.75, 6.75, and 6.65 Mg
ha-1, respectively. Grain yield with vetch and 170 kg N ha-1
was 7.85 Mg ha-1. Although vetch provided a substantial amount
of N, results suggested that to obtain optimum corn yields N
fertilization should be reduced little, if any, with a vetch
cover crop. Vetch appeared to add grain yield instead of
reduce the need for N fertilizer.
229 NAL Call. No.: 100 N46S no.269
Sweet clover as a soil improvement crop for orchards.
Davidson, O. W.
New Brunswick, N.J. : New Jersey Agricultural Experiment
Station,; 1933. [4] p. ; 23 cm. (Circular (New Jersey
Agricultural Experiment Station) ; 269.). Caption title.
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Sweet clover; Green manuring; Fruit
230 NAL Call. No.: S1.S68
Sweet clover fallow on solonetzes of Western Siberia.
Yakovlev, V.Kh
New York, N.Y. : Allerton Press; 1991.
Soviet agricultural sciences (7): p. 26-28; 1991. Translated
from: Vsesoiuznaia akademiia sel'skokhoziaistvennykh nauk.
Doklady, (7), p. 28-30. (20 AK1). Includes references.
Language: English; Russian
Descriptors: Siberia; Solonetzic soils; Fallow systems;
Melilotus; Soil fertility; Green manures; Fodder crops; Soil
physical properties; Soil biology; Hordeum vulgare; Crop
yield; Rotations
231 NAL Call. No.: 100 Ok4 no.94
Sweet clover for soil improvement.
Harper, Horace James,
Stillwater, Ok. : Oklahoma Agricultural Experiment Station,;
1941. 31 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. (Circular (Oklahoma Agricultural
Experiment Station) ; C-94.). Cover title.
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Sweet clover; Green manuring
232 NAL Call. No.: 100 M36S no.253
Sweet clover for summer pasture and green manure.
Metzger, J. E.
College Park : University of Maryland, Agricultural Experiment
Station,; 1923. p. [37]-46 : ill. ; 23 cm. (Bulletin (Maryland
Agricultural Experiment Station) ; no. 253.). Cover title.
March, 1923.
Language: English
Descriptors: Sweet clover
233 NAL Call. No.: 100 C125 (2) no.290
The Tangier pea Lathyrus tingitanus.
Kennedy, P. Beveridge
Berkeley, Calif. : University of California, College of
Agriculture, Agricultural Experiment Station,; 1925.
15 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. (Circular (California Agricultural
Experiment Station) ; 290.). Includes bibliographical
references.
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Lathyrus; Green manure crops; Forage plants
234 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 J822
Tillage and clover cover crop effects on grain sorghum yield
and nitrogen uptake.
Lemon, R.G.; Hons, F.M.; Saladino, V.A.
Ankeny, Iowa : Soil and Water Conservation Society of America;
1990 Jan. Journal of soil and water conservation v. 45 (1): p.
125-127; 1990 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Tillage; Clovers; Cover crops; Sorghum bicolor;
Nitrogen; Uptake; Erosion control; No-tillage; Green manures;
Crop yield
235 NAL Call. No.: 56.9 SO3
Tillage and cover crop management effects on soil water and
corn yield. Ewing, R.P.; Wagger, M.G.; Denton, H.P.
Madison, Wis. : The Society; 1991 Jul.
Soil Science Society of America journal v. 55 (4): p.
1081-1085; 1991 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: North Carolina; Zea mays; Coastal plain soils;
Sandy soils; Crop management; Interactions; Fallow; Cover
crops; Trifolium incarnatum; Subsoiling; Chiselling; Water
availability; Soil water content; Crop yield; Growth; Grain;
Dry matter; Dry conditions
Abstract: Subsoiling to alleviate compacted soil zones and
planting cover crops to conserve soil water are accepted
practices, but information regarding potential interactions
between the two is limited. This study was designed to assess
the effects of subsoiling and cover-crop management on soil
water availability and corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield on
Coastal Plain soils known to be responsive to in-row
subsoiling. The experiment was conducted on a Norfolk loamy
sand in 1985 and a Norfolk sand in 1986, both in the family of
fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Kandiudults. Factors
evaluated were subsoiling, cover crop (fallow or crimson
clover [Trifolium incarnatum L.]), primary tillage (chisel
plow or no-tillage) within fallow, and top-growth removal of
crimson clover. Compared with fallow treatments, crimson
clover depleted soil water in the surface 15 cm before corn
planting by 28% in 1985 and 55% in 1986. Corn grain yield was
reduced in the presence of crimson clover by 0.5 Mg ha-1 in
1985 and 0.9 Mg ha-1 in 1986. In 1985 only, grain yield
reduction in the presence of crimson clover was entirely
overcome by subsoiling. Averaged across cover crop and primary
tillage factors, subsoiling increased grain yields by 25% (1.3
Mg ha-1) in 1985 and 86% (1.9 Mg ha-1) in 1986. Increased
yields due to subsoiling were attributed to greater use of
subsoil water by the corn crop. These results suggest that
cover-crop desiccation should occur 7 to 10 d prior to corn
planting to minimize the effects of soil water depletion under
dry, early-spring conditions. Additionally, in-row subsoiling
should be used on similar Coastal Plain soils responsive to
deep tillage, irrespective of cover-crop use.
236 NAL Call. No.: 100 L939
Tillage and cover crop systems for cotton on clay soil.
Boquet, D.J.; Coco, A.B.
Baton Rouge, La. : The Station; 1991.
Louisiana agriculture - Louisiana Agricultural Experiment
Station v. 34 (4): p. 23-24; 1991.
Language: English
Descriptors: Louisiana; Gossypium; Clay soils; Cover crops;
Tillage; Crop production; Statistics
237 NAL Call. No.: 290.9 AM32P
Tillage and fertilizer influences on corn and legume cover.
Gilley, J.E.; Power, J.F.; Reznicek, P.J.; Finkner, S.C.
St. Joseph, Mich. : The Society; 1990.
Paper - American Society of Agricultural Engineers (90-2567):
23 p.; 1990. Paper presented at the "1990 International Winter
Meeting", December 18-21, 1990, Chicago, Illinois. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cover crops; Tillage; Fertilizers; Erosion; Soil
conservation
238 NAL Call. No.: S539.5.J68
Tillage and winter cover management effects on fruiting and
yield of cotton. Stevens, W.E.; Johnson, J.R.; Varco, J.J.;
Parkman, J.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Oct.
Journal of production agriculture v. 5 (4): p. 570-575; 1992
Oct. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Gossypium hirsutum; Cropping
systems; Tillage; Cover crops; Crop management; Erosion; Crop
establishment; Fruiting; Crop yield
239 NAL Call. No.: 100 L936
Tillage/cover crop system effects on shoot growth and
development of cotton. Kennedy, C.W.; Hutchinson, R.L.
Baton Rouge, La. : The Department; 1990.
Report of projects - Louisiana Agricultural Experiment
Station, Department of Agronomy. p. 25-27; 1990.
Language: English
Descriptors: Gossypium; Tillage; Cover crops; Systems;
Effects; Yield response functions; Growth rate; Shoots; Bolls;
Leaf area
240 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Time of seeding and turning vetch for cotton and corn.
Funchess, M.J.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1928 Mar.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 20 (3): p.
294-297; 1928 Mar.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cotton; Maize; Vetch; Green manures; Planting
date; Turning
Abstract: Experiments with monantha vetch, hairy vetch and
Austrian peas as green manuring crops have shown that they
should be planted early in the fall. Best results were secured
when planted the latter part of September. Later plantings
gave considerably smaller yields in the spring. Vetch turned
as early as March 15 produced large increases in yield of
cotton or corn. The increase was approximately equivalent to
that obtained from the use of 200 to 300 pounds of nitrate of
soda. When turned April 1 or April 15 an additional increase
was obtained with corn. On the other hand, delayed turning
reduced the yield of cotton, although the amount of nitrogen
turned under was more than double the nitrogen content of the
early turned vetch.
241 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Timing nitrogen applications for corn in a winter legume
conservation-tillage system.
Reeves, D.W.; Wood, C.W.; Touchton, J.T.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1993 Jan.
Agronomy journal v. 85 (1): p. 98-106; 1993 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Zea mays; Conservation tillage;
Trifolium incarnatum; Cover crops; Coastal plain soils;
Nitrogen fertilizers; Application rates; Fertilizer
requirement determination; Application date; Timing; Nutrient
uptake; Nitrogen; Use efficiency; Crop yield; Grain; Dry
matter accumulation; Split dressings
Abstract: Fertilizer N efficiency of corn (Zea mays L.) in
conservation-tillage systems with winter legumes such as
crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) can possible be
improved by better synchronization of legume-N release,
fertilizer-N application time, and crop demand for N. The
objective of this 3-yr (1986-1988) field experiment was to
determine the effect of N application time on dry matter
accumulation, N uptake, and grain yield of corn grown in a
winter legume conservation-tillage system. Corn was planted
with unit planters into crimson clover residue following in-
row subsoiling. The clover was killed at midbloom every year.
Treatments were a factorial arrangement of fertilizer N rates
and application time. Nitrogen as NH4NO3 was broadcast at
rates of 34, 67, and 134 kg ha(-1). Zero-N checks were also
included in both clover and rye (Secale cereal L.) plots.
Application times were at planting, or 3, 6, or 9 wk later. In
addition, split applications (1/3 at planting and the
remainder 6 wk later) of the 67 and 134 kg N ha(-1) rates were
included. In 2 of 3 yr, dry matter accumulation was not
affected by N application time. In 1987, however, dry matter
production was greater when N was applied at planting compared
to split applications or applications later than 3 wk after
planting. Application time affected N uptake patterns during
the growing season, but generally did not affect total N
uptake at the end of the season. With the exception of the
first year, split N applications resulted in equivalent or
reduced N uptake compared to application of all N at planting.
Based on linear regression models, maximum yield was obtained
with 134, 116, and 93 kg N ha(-1) in 1987, 1988, and 1989,
respectively. After the first year, applying N later than 6 wk
after planting reduced grain yield and split applications of N
were not effective in increasing grain yield. These results
suggest that the fertilizer N requirement of corn grown in
winter legume conservation -tillage syste
242 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Tolerance of Chinese milkvetch (Astragalus sinicus) to
herbicides. Cai, Z.L.; Brauen, S.E.; Gealy, D.R.; Johnston,
W.J.; Lumpkin, T.A. Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1992 Jan.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of
America v. 6 (1): p. 104-107; 1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: China; Astragalus sinicus; Green manures;
Screening; Weed control; Chemical control; Herbicides;
Selectivity; Crop damage; Phytotoxicity
243 NAL Call. No.: 26 T754
Tropical lowland rice response to preceding crops, organic
manures and nitrogen fertilizer.
Meelu, O.P.; Morris, R.A.; Centeno, H.S.
London : Butterworth-Heinemann; 1992 Jan.
Tropical agriculture v. 69 (1): p. 96-100; 1992 Jan. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Philippines; Oryza sativa; Sequential cropping;
Farmyard manure; Green manures; Sesbania; Vigna radiata; Zea
mays; Crop yield; Residual effects; Urea fertilizers; Lowland
areas
244 NAL Call. No.: S605.5.A43
Understory cover crops in pecan orchards: possible management
systems. Bugg, R.L.; Sarrantonio, M.; Dutcher, J.D.; Phatak,
S.C.
Greenbelt, Md. : Institute for Alternative Agriculture; 1991.
American journal of alternative agriculture v. 6 (2): p.
50-62; 1991. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Carya illinoensis; Orchards; Legumes;
Grasses; Cover crops; Green manures; Alternative farming;
Sustainability; Crop management; Cultivation; Soil organic
matter; Nitrogen; Soil fertility; Biological control;
Aphididae; Predators of insect pests; Habit; Seasonality
Abstract: Annual legumes and mixtures of annual legumes and
grasses can perform several functions as understory cover
crops in pecan orchards, such as providing nitrogen-rich
organic matter to improve soil fertility, or by sustaining
lady beetles and other arthropods that may aid the biological
control of pecan pests. Remaining questions concern selection
of appropriate plant materials; whether to use cover crops
singly or in mixtures; how to ensure reseeding as well as a
substantial N contribution; whether, when, and how to use
mowing and tillage; and fertilization options. Different
considerations apply when dealing with cool- vs. warm-season
cover crops. With minor adjustments, growers could adapt
present cultural practices to include cool-season cover crops.
These could be used throughout the orchard, by establishing
appropriate self-reseeding species and avoiding both excessive
mowing and indiscriminate placement of N-rich fertilizers.
Within alleys, alternating 2-m strips of cool-season cover
crops could be tilled in mid to late April or allowed to
mature. The tilled strips would supply N to pecan trees
immediately, whereas the adjoining untilled (remnant) strips
could be mowed after seed is mature, to ensure dispersal of
seed and reestablishment of cover crops over the entire alley.
Cool-season annual legumes that die or are killed in late
spring will probably furnish N and other nutrients at a
suitable time, particularly in orchards with sprinkler
irrigation. Warm-season cover crops, if desired, should be
restricted to alleys to reduce possible competition with
pecan. Alleys provide better illumination than do tree rows
during periods when pecan trees are in leaf and the tillage
mentioned above will encourage emergence of warm-season cover
crops. If these die or are killed in late summer or early
fall, timing of N release may not be optimal, in the absence
of adequate irrigation. Many options and tradeoffs need to be
explored before choosing a cover-crop system. At
245 NAL Call. No.: 100 M69 (2) no.200
Uniform winter cover crop tests, Stoneville, Miss.
Johnson, Howard W.
State College, Miss. : Mississippi State College, Agricultural
Experiment Station,; 1955.
7 p. ; 23 cm. (Circular (Mississippi Agricultural Experiment
Station) ; 200.).
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Cover crops
246 NAL Call. No.: QL391.N4J62
Use of green manure crops in control of Hirschmanniella
mucronata and H. oryzae in irrigated rice.
Prot, J.C.; Soriano, I.R.S.; Matias, D.M.; Savary, S.
Lake Alfred, Fla. : Society of Nematologists; 1992 Mar.
Journal of nematology v. 24 (1): p. 127-132; 1992 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Oryza sativa; Hirschmanniella mucronata;
Hirschmanniella oryzae; Sesbania; Aeschynomene; Green manures;
Nematode control; Rotations
Abstract: Four field experiments were conducted to study the
effect of Sesbania rostrata and Aeschynomene afraspera as
rotational and green manure crops on the population dynamics
of Hirschmanniella mucronata and H. oryzae, and subsequent
rice yields. The sequential cropping of the legumes with rice
controlled both nematode species. In two experiments, yield of
rice was related to the nematode population densities at
planting and harvesting of the second rice crop (R2 = 0.391, P
less than 0.001, and R2 = 0.57, P less than 0.001), regardless
of the treatments. Rice yield increases were attributed to
nutritional effect of the green manure and the reduction of
the nematode populations or the modification of a factor(s)
linked to the nematode populations induced by their cropping.
As the two leguminous crops do not generate direct return,
using them to control the rice-root nematodes was not
economical, despite the significant yield increase obtained.
247 NAL Call. No.: NBULD3656 1992 H367
The use of legume cover crops in an ecofallow rotation in the
central Great Plains.. University of Nebraska--Lincoln thesis
: Agronomy Hanson, Gordon E.
1992; 1992.
v, 105 leaves : ill. ; 28 cm. Includes bibliographical
references.
Language: English
248 NAL Call. No.: QK898.N6N52
The use of the leaf of nitrogen fixing trees as a source of
nitrogen for maize.
Gutteridge, R.C.
Bangkok, Thailand : Thailand Institute of Scientific and
Technological Research; 1990 Aug.
Nitrogen fixing tree research reports v. 8: p. 27-28; 1990
Aug. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Queensland; Acacia cunninghamii; Acacia;
Calliandra calothyrsus; Gliricidia sepium; Leucaena
leucocephala; Sesbania sesban; Zea mays; Nitrogen fixing
trees; Leaves; Green manures; Nutrient requirements; Nitrogen
249 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Utilizing legume cropping systems to reduce nitrogen
fertilizer requirements for conservation-tilled corn.
Oyer, L.J.; Touchton, J.T.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1990 Nov.
Agronomy journal v. 82 (6): p. 1123-1127; 1990 Nov. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Alabama; Zea mays; Glycine max; Rotations;
Winter; Cover crops; Trifolium incarnatum; Seasonal cropping;
Continuous cropping; Sequential cropping; Nitrogen
fertilizers; Nutrient requirements; Application rates; Crop
yield; Grain; Conservation tillage
Abstract: The need to reduce production costs has promoted a
renewed interest in using legumes as a source of N for non-
leguminous summer crops. Development of legume cropping
systems which will permit reseeding of winter cover-crop
legumes is a promising approach to reducing legume
establishment costs. Field studies were conducted in Alabama
for 4 yr on Wynnville sandy loam and Dothan fine-sandy loam
soils (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic, Glossic Fragiudults and
Plinthic Paleudults, respectively) to determine the effects of
both cash crop and winter cover-crop legumes in cropping
systems on N fertilizer requirements of corn (Zea mays L.)
grown in a conservation-tillage system. On the Wynnville soil,
soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) was more effective in providing
early season N, and clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) in
providing late-season N. The system with both soybean and
clover resulted in an even more effective contribution of N to
corn grain yield, and a higher yield level than that of
continuous corn regardless of N fertilizer rate. On the Dothan
soil, the benefits of cropping systems were not as pronounced,
and the responses were eliminated by N fertilization,
suggesting increased yields were due to N and not to a
rotation effect. On both soils, in years of adequate and
inadequate rainfall, the reseeding crimson clover system, in
combination with a soybean-corn rotation, consistently
produced the highest yields of the systems studied, and
provided a 68 to 159 kg N ha-1 fertilizer equivalent for corn.
250 NAL Call. No.: 100 N46S no.85
The value of cover crops.
Dickey, J. B. R.
New Brunswick, N.J. : New Jersey Agricultural Experiment
Stations,; 1917. 4 p. ; 23 cm. (Circular (New Jersey
Agricultural Experiment Station) ; 85.). Cover title.
Language: English
Descriptors: Cover crops
251 NAL Call. No.: S590.C63
Variability of several forms of soil nitrogen in two rice
fields. Pettygrove, G.S.; Jiayou, D.; Williams, J.F.; Wick,
C.; Hafez, A.A.B.; DeBoer, G.
New York, N.Y. : Marcel Dekker; 1990.
Communications in soil science and plant analysis v. 21
(13/16): p. 1843-1855; 1990. Paper presented at the
"International Symposium on Soil Testing and Plant Analysis,"
August 14-18, 1989, Fresno, California. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Vicia benghalensis; Soil chemistry; Nitrogen;
Rice soils; Green manures
252 NAL Call. No.: S544.3.N7A4
Vegetable fields need soil-building program.
Becker, R.F.
Middletown, N.Y. : Cornell Cooperative Ext.--Orange County
Agriculture Program, Education Center; 1989 Apr.
Agfocus : publication of Cornell Cooperative Extension--Orange
County. p. 10; 1989 Apr.
Language: English
Descriptors: Vegetables; Vegetable growing; Soil organic
matter; Cover crops
253 NAL Call. No.: 100 C12CAG
Vegetation management systems in almond orchards.
Elmore, C.L.
Oakland, Calif. : Division of Agriculture and Natural
Resources, University of California; 1989 Jul.
California agriculture v. 43 (4): p. 16-17; 1989 Jul.
Language: English
Descriptors: California; Orchards; Prunus dulcis; Vegetation;
Field tests; Weeds; Cover crops; Chemical control; Mowing;
Evaluation
254 NAL Call. No.: SB387.76.M3M37
Vineyard floor management.
Walsh, C.
Germantown, Md. : Maryland Grape Growers Association; 1991.
The Maryland grapevine v. 11 (3): p. 10-13; 1991.
Language: English
Descriptors: Maryland; Vitis; Vineyards; Site preparation;
Cover crops; Weed control; Herbicides; Applicators
255 NAL Call. No.: S592.7.A1S6
Volatile loss of nitrogen during decomposition of legume green
manure. Janzen, H.H.; McGinn, S.M.
Exeter : Pergamon Press; 1991.
Soil biology and biochemistry v. 23 (3): p. 291-297; 1991.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Lens culinaris; Green manures; Decomposition;
Ammonia; Volatilization; Losses from soil systems
Abstract: Significant amounts of volatile ammonia (NH3) may
be lost from agricultural ecosystems. While NH3 volatilization
from fertilizers has been well-documented, corresponding
losses from crop residues, particularly legume green manures,
have not been adequately quantified. Ammonia losses from
decomposing lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) green manure were
measured under controlled conditions by applying residue to
soil inside sealed chambers, establishing air flow and
periodically measuring accumulated NH3 loss using acid traps.
Three consecutive experiments were conducted to determine the
effect of residue placement, air flow rate and green manure
composition, respectively. The first experiment, using a
relatively slow flow rate (0.07 chamber displacements
min(-1)), demonstrated significant volatilization of NH3 (5%
of applied N after 56 days) from green manure placed on or
suspended above the soil. Incorporating the green manure into
soil almost eliminated NH3 losses. Drying and rewetting the
residues after the initial 28 days had only a small
stimulatory effect on subsequent volatile losses. A second
experiment indicated that maximum volatilization could be
achieved at air flow rates of 0.3 chamber displacements
min(-1) or higher. A third experiment, using an optimum flow
rate (0.5 displacements min(-1)), demonstrated significantly
higher volatile N losses from field-grown lentil material (14%
over 14 days) than from hydroponically cultured lentil
material (8% over 14 days). This difference was attributed, in
part, to higher soluble N concentrations in the former
residue. Ammonia volatilization consistently demonstrated
similar temporal patterns: a rapid initial flush, apparently
from the ammonification of labile N, followed by an indefinite
period of slow volatilization, probably from the
mineralization of more recalcitrant N fractions. The volatile
loss of labile N from decomposing green manure may appreciably
diminish its fertility benefit and represent an important
256 NAL Call. No.: QD415.A1J6
Volatile seed germination inhibitors from plant residues.
Bradow, J.M.; Connick, W.J. Jr
New York, N.Y. : Plenum Press; 1990 Mar.
Journal of chemical ecology v. 16 (3): p. 645-666; 1990 Mar.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Allium cepa; Daucus carota; Lycopersicon
esculentum; Allelopathy; Volatile compounds; Germination
inhibitors; Cover crops
Abstract: Volatile emissions from residues of the winter
cover legumes, Berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.).
hairy vetch [Vicia hirsuta (L.) S.F. Gray], and crimson clover
(Trifolium incarnatum L.), inhibited germination and seedling
development of onion, carrot. and tomato. Using GC-MS, 31 C2-
C10 hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters,
furans, and monoterpenes were identified in these residue
emission mixtures. Mixtures of similar compounds were found in
the volatiles released by herbicide-treated aerial and root
residues of purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) and the
late-season woody stems and roots of cotton (Gossypium
hirsutum L.). Vapor-phase onion, carrot. and tomato seed
germination bioassays were used to determine the time- and
concentration-dependent inhibition potential of 33 compounds
that were either identified in the plant residue emissions or
were structurally similar to identified compounds. Cumulative
results of the bioassays showed that (E)-2-hexenal was the
most inhibitory volatile tested, followed by nonanal, 3-
methylbutanal, and ethyl 2-methylbutyrate. All the volatile
mixtures examined contained at least one compound that greatly
inhibited seed germination.
257 NAL Call. No.: 56.8 J822
Water use evaluation of winter cover crops for no-till
soybeans. Zhu, J.C.; Gantzer, C.J.; Anderson, S.H.;
Beuselinck, P.R.; Alberts, E.E. Ankeny, Iowa : Soil and Water
Conservation Society of America; 1991 Nov. Journal of soil and
water conservation v. 46 (6): p. 446-449; 1991 Nov. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Missouri; Glycine max; Poa compressa; Stellaria
media; Bromus tectorum; Cover crops; Winter; No-tillage; Crop
weed competition; Soil water content; Water use; Time
258 NAL Call. No.: SB610.W39
Weed control by subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum)
used as a living mulch.
Enache, A.J.; Ilnicki, R.D.
Champaign, Ill. : The Society; 1990 Jul.
Weed technology : a journal of the Weed Science Society of
America v. 4 (3): p. 534-538; 1990 Jul. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: New Jersey; Zea mays; Cultural weed control; Live
mulches; Trifolium subterraneum; Tillage; No-tillage; Minimum
tillage; Crop yield; Grain; Crop quality
259 NAL Call. No.: 100 So8 (2) no.37
Winter cover crop experiments.
Buie, T. S.
Clemson College, S.C. : South Carolina Agricultural Experiment
Station of Clemson Agricultural College,; 1929.
14 p. ; 23 cm. (Circular (South Carolina Agricultural
Experiment Station) ; no. 37.). Cover title.
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Cover crops
260 NAL Call. No.: 100 So8 (2) no.51
Winter cover crop experiments at the Pee Dee Experiment
Station. Hall, E.E.; Albert, W. B._1899-; Watson, S. J.
Clemson College, S.C. : South Carolina Agricultural Experiment
Station of Clemson Agricultural College,; 1933.
13, [2] p. : ill. ; 23 cm. (Circular (South Carolina Agri
cultural Experiment Station) ; no. 51.). Cover title.
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Cover crops
261 NAL Call. No.: 100 So8 (2) no.42
Winter cover crop experiments at the Pee Dee Experiment
Station. Hall, E.E.; Albert, W. B._1899-; Watson, S. J.
Clemson College, S.C. : South Carolina Agricultural Experiment
Station of Clemson Agricultural College,; 1930.
14 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. (Circular (South Carolina Agricultural
Experiment Station) ; no. 42.). Cover title.
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Cover crops
262 NAL Call. No.: QL461.E532
Winter cover crop suppression practices and natural enemies of
armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in no-till corn.
Laub, C.A.; Luna, J.M.
Lanham, Md. : Entomological Society of America; 1992 Feb.
Environmental entomology v. 21 (1): p. 41-49; 1992 Feb.
Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Virginia; Zea mays; Mythimna unipuncta;
Biological control; Glyptapanteles militaris; Natural enemies;
Parasites of insect pests; Tachinidae; Cover crops; Secale
cereale; Mowing; Paraquat; Insect control
Abstract: Rye, Secale cereale L., used as a winter cover crop
was killed by the herbicide paraquat or by mowing with a
rotary mower. In subsequent no-till corn, Glyptapanteles
militaris (Walsh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Periscepsia
laevigata (Wulp) (Diptera: Tachinidae) were the most abundant
of twelve species of parasitoids that emerged from field-
collected larvae of the armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta
(Haworth). No effects of cover crop suppression practices were
detected for parasitism rates for any individual species or
for total armyworm parasitism. Seasonal parasitism rates
ranged from 32 to 45%. Higher numbers of Pterostichus spp. and
Scarites spp. (Coleoptera: Carabidae), and wolf spiders
(Araneae: Lycosidae) occurred early in the corn season in the
mowed cover crop treatment compared with the herbicide killed
cover crop treatment. Subsequent reduction of larval densities
of armyworm in mowed plots following higher predator densities
suggests the role of these generalist predators in biological
control of armyworm.
263 NAL Call. No.: SB320.7.M3V43
Winter cover crops.
Sharp, D.
College Park, Md. : Cooperative Extension Service; 1990.
Vegetable views newsletter v. 1 (2): p. 7-8; 1990.
Language: English
Descriptors: Maryland; Cover crops; Erosion control; Legumes;
Nitrogen fixation; Weed control
264 NAL Call. No.: 100 So8 (2) no.26
Winter cover crops co-operative experimental work with bur
clover, crimson clover, vetch and rye.
Tarbox, F. G.
Clemson College, S.C. : South Carolina Agricultural Experiment
Station of Clemson Agricultural College,; 1914.
23 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. (Circular (South Carolina Agricultural
Experiment Station) ; no. 26.). Cover title.
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Cover crops
265 NAL Call. No.: 100 N81 (2) no.129
Winter cover crops their effects on corn yields and soil
properties. Kamprath, E. J.; Chandler, W. V.; Krantz, B. A.
North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station
Raleigh, N.C. : North Carolina Agricultural Experiment
Station,; 1958; A55 11:129.
47 p. : ill. ; 23 cm. (Technical bulletin (North Carolina
Agricultural Experiment Station) ; no. 129.). "A N.C. State
College publication."--Cover. Chiefly tables. Bibliography:
p. 25-26.
Language: English; English
Descriptors: Cover crops; Corn; Soil productivity
266 NAL Call. No.: SB218.J67
Winter wheat and winter rye cover crops for the establishment
of sugarbeets. Wilson, R.G.; Smith, J.A.
Denver, Colo. : American Society of Sugar Beet Technologists;
1992 Jan. Journal of sugar beet research v. 29 (1/2): p.
23-30; 1992 Jan. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Nebraska; Beta vulgaris; Cover crops; Stand
establishment; Triticum aestivum; Secale cereale; Crop
density; Crop yield; Roots; Plant height; Weed control;
Chemical control; Glyphosate; Sethoxydim; Fluazifop
267 NAL Call. No.: S79.E37
Yield and nitrogen content of legume cover crops grown in
Mississippi. Varco, J.J.; Sanford, J.O.; Hairston, J.E.
Mississippi State, Miss. : The Station; 1991 Aug.
Research report - Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry
Experiment Station v. 16 (10): 4 p.; 1991 Aug. Includes
references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Mississippi; Cover crops; Legumes; Crop yield;
Nitrogen content
268 NAL Call. No.: 4 AM34P
Yield response of bermudagrass and bahiagrass to applied
nitrogen an d overseeded clover.
Overman, A.R.; Wilkinson, S.R.; Evers, G.W.
Madison, Wis. : American Society of Agronomy; 1992 Nov.
Journal of the American Society of Agronomy v. 84 (6): p.
998-1001; 1992 Nov. Includes references.
Language: English
Descriptors: Georgia; Cynodon dactylon; Trifolium incarnatum;
Oversowing; Paspalum notatum; Trifolium subterraneum;
Trifolium vesiculosum; Nitrogen fertilizers; Dry matter
accumulation; Crop yield; Mathematical models; Yield response
functions
Abstract: Models can be used to describe yield response of
grasses to applied N and other management factors. This
analysis was performed to show interactions between applied N
and overseeded clover on dry matter yield, and to estimate
equivalent N supplied by clover. Data from three locations
were used. At Watkinsville, GA both 'Coastal' and common
bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] were overseeded
with crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.). At Eagle Lake,
TX, both Coastal bermudagrass and 'Pensacola' bahiagrass
(Paspalum notatum Flugge) were overseeded with 'Yuchi'
arrowleaf (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi) and 'Mt. Barker'
subterranean (Trifolium subterranean L.) clovers. At Jay, FL
both Coastal bermudagrass and Pensacola bahiagrass were
overseeded with crimson clover. The logistic model described
dry matter response to applied N and contained three
parameters (A, b, c). It was shown that the presence of clover
affected only the b coefficient, which related to yield at
zero applied N. It was also shown that overseeded clover
provided equivalent N of approximately 120 kg ha-1 for
bermudagrass and 90 to 220 kg ha-1 for bahiagrass. Most of the
increased yield of the bermudagrass-clover combination over
bermudagrass without clover was due to the clover production;
only about 25 kg ha-1 of equivalent N was carried over to the
bermudagrass under conditions where top growth of clover was
removed. The model allows quantitative estimates of equivalent
N supplied by clover.
AUTHOR INDEX
Agamalian, H.S. 224
Aiken, G.E. 178
Albert, W. B. 260, 261
Alberts, E.E. 257
Alegre, J.C. 214
Alison, M.W. 111
Allen, O.N. 23
Alley, M.M. 82
Anderson, J.L. 88
Anderson, S.H. 257
Anthony, R. D. 84
Appropriate Technology Transfer for Rural Area (Organization)
47
Arceneaux, G. 223
Asghar, M. 35, 79
Ashley, R.A. 51
Asoegwu, S.N. 184
Atallah, T. 183
Auld, D.L. 89, 193
Bacheler, J.S. 169
Badger, C.J. 28
Bahler, C.C. 81
Bailie, J.E. 153
Baldridge, D. 11
Banks, J.C. 41
Bartholomew, R.P. 2
Bates, H.K. 68
Bauer, P.J. 38
Becker, M. 122
Becker, R.F. 252
Bell, C.E. 73
Berg, W. A. 151
Beste, C.E. 208
Beuselinck, P.R. 257
Biederbeck, V.O. 69
Bingham, G.E. 88
Bledsoe, R. P. 185
Blevins, R.L. 228
Blue Moon Productions, Sustainable Farming Association of
Minnesota 46
Boquet, D.J. 202, 236
Bowen, W.T. 100
Bowren, K.E. 70
Bradow, J.M. 256
Brauen, S.E. 242
Bremer, A.H. 19
Bremer, E. 15, 179, 210
Brink, G.E. 188
Brinton, William F. 120
Briscoe, Chas. F. 9
Broadway, R. 55, 163
Brown, P. E. 117
Brown, P.E. 187
Brown, P.R. 66
Browne, J. 26
Brunson, K.E. 33
Bugg, R.L. 32, 33, 244
Buie, T. S. 259
Bullock, D.G. 58
Buresh, R.J. 164
Bush, J. 123
Buzo, T. 131
Byers, R.A. 81
Cai, Z.L. 242
Campbell, C.A. 69, 70, 71
Canada 70
Caprile, J. 175
Carleton, E. A. 174
Carsky, R.J. 100
Carter, L. 31
Carter, P.R. 170
Cartwright, B. 6
Centeno, H.S. 243
Chambliss, C.G. 178
Chandler, W. V. 265
Chang, M.T. 83
Chapman, E. J. 91
Chaudhary, S.L. 204
Chesson, J. 31
Christenson, D.R. 108
Clarke, W. S. 84
Clay, D.C. 137
Coco, A.B. 236
Collins, H.P. 147
Collison, R. C. 101, 174, 196
Connick, W.J. Jr 256
Corak, S.J. 139
Craig, John, 173
Cramer, C. 64
Cravo, M.S. 167
Cripps, R.W. 68
Crown, P.H. 182
Dabney, S.M. 202
Daji, J.A. 107
Datta, S.K.De 164
Davidson, O. W. 229
DeBoer, G. 251
Decker, A.M. 30, 125
DeGolyer, B. 97
DeGregorio, R. 26
Denton, H.P. 235
Deziel, G. 26
Dickey, J. B. R. 250
Diehm, R.A. 17
Ditsch, D.C. 82
Ditterline, R. 11
Diver, Steve 47
Dizon, M.A. 110
Dominick, W. 14
Doran, J.W. 42
Drego, J. 1
Dunn, G.H. 148
Dunn, R. 11
Dutcher, J.D. 32, 33, 109, 244
Eash, N.S. 213
Eberlein, C.V. 34
Echtenkamp, G.W. 99
Eckert, D.J. 18
Edmisten, K.L. 169
Edwards, L.M. 65, 96, 197
Elmore, C.D. 221
Elmore, C.L. 253
Enache, A.J. 225, 258
Erb, C. 161
Erickson, D.A. 193
Evanylo, G.K. 168
Evers, G.W. 268
Ewing, R.P. 235
Eylands, V.J. 112
Farris, N. F. 84
Felipe-Morales, C. 214
Ferguson, M. 199
Findlay, W.I. 85
Finkner, S.C. 237
Firestone, M.K. 43
Folorunso, O.A. 50
Frankenberger, W.T. Jr 186
Frans, R.E. 94
Freyman, S. 144
Frye, W.W. 139, 228
Funchess, M.J. 240
Furoc, R.E. 110
Gallaher, R.N. 112, 222
Gantzer, C.J. 257
Gates, J.P. 114
Gealy, D.R. 242
Ghaffar, A. 200
Gilley, J.E. 237
Gish, P. T. 75
Goldern, A.M. 89
Graves, W.L. 53, 224
Greathead, A.S. 66
Green, C.C. 38
Griffin, T.S. 108, 180
Guinto, D.F. 205
Gutteridge, R.C. 248
Haberern, J. 21
Hafez, A.A.B. 251
Hairston, J.E. 267
Hale, G.A. 27
Hall, E.E. 260, 261
Hamilton, J. 13
Hamm, P.B. 215
Hammond, R.B. 212
Hang, A.N. 150, 226
Hansen, E.M. 215
Hanson, Gordon E. 247
Hargrove, W. L. 48
Harned, Horace Hammerton, 9
Harper, Horace James, 231
Harris, G.H. 108
Hartman, John Daniel, 102
Hartwig, N.L. 172
Hazlewood, Ben P. 91
Heatherly, L.G. 221
Hergert, G.B. 96
Herridge, D.F. 165
Hesterman, O.B. 108, 180
Hewetson, Frank N. 194
Hill, H. H. 24, 87, 90, 143
Hill, Harry H. 74
Hill, R.W. 88
Hoffman, L.D. 81
Hofstetter, B. 10, 191
Holderbaum, J.F. 125
Hons, F.M. 234
Hossner, L.R. 123
Houtum, W. van 15
Hoyt, G.D. 29
Hurst, H.R. 39, 86
Hussain, A. 200
Hutchinson, R.L. 7, 25, 239
Ilnicki, R.D. 225, 258
Imholte, A.A. 170
International Rice Research Institute, International Council
of Scientific Unions, Commission on the Application of Science
to Agriculture, Forestry, and Aquaculture 113
Izaurralde, J.A. 182
Jansson, R.K. 92
Janzen, H.H. 71, 255
Jarvis, W.R. 4
Jiayou, D. 251
Johanson, J.B. 186
Johnson, A.W. 89
Johnson, Howard W. 245
Johnson, J.R. 238
Johnson, K.D. 206
Johnston, W.J. 242
Jones, J.P.R 80
Jones, J.W. 100
Jones, R. 95
Juzwik, J. 67
Kaakeh, W. 109
Kahn, B.A. 209
Kaku, S. 131
Kamprath, E. J. 265
Karlen, D.L. 42, 213
Karow, R. 49
Kaufman, D. 49
Kaufusi, P. 79
Keeley, P. 31
Keisling, T.C. 94
Kelley, K.R. 82
Kendig, S.M. 192
Kennedy, C.W. 239
Kennedy, P. Beveridge 142, 233
Khan, V.A. 219
Kight, T. 126
King, N. 23
Kirkland, M.S. 135
Kirkpatrick, T.L. 130
Klay, Ruedi 120
Knox, M.L. 77
Krantz, B. A. 265
Kulasooriya, S.A. 157
Kuo, W. 149
La Torre, B. 214
Ladha, J.K 122
Ladha, J.K. 98
Lafond, G.P. 69
LaFond, G.P. 71
Lamont, W.J. Jr 140
Lang, D.I. 216
Lanini, W.T. 224
Lathwell, D. J. 138
Latiff, A. 190
Laub, C.A. 134, 262
Lecrone, S.H. 92
Lei, Y.Z. 82
Lemon, R.G. 234
Lemons, R.W. 76
Lewis, L.A. 137
Leyshon, A.J. 71
Lipman, C. B. 118
Lopez-Real, J.M. 183
Louie, D.T. 50
Lowry, J.B. 95
Lowry, J.B.C. 95
Lumpkin, T.A. 242
Luna, J.M. 134, 262
Lyon, T. L. 220
Lyon, T.L. 141
MacGregor, A. 181
MacIntire, W.H. 8
Macklin, B. 14
Magistad, O.C. 23
Mahler, K.A. 193
Manguiat, I.J. 205
Marr, C.W. 140
Marshall, L.K. 44
Martens, D.A. 186
Martin, Thomas Lysons, 59
Matias, D.M. 246
Mayberry, K.S. 73
Maynard, Leonard A. 60
McCall, A. G. 121
McGill, W.B. 218
McGinn, S.M. 255
McKaig, N. Jr 223
McKee, R. 116
McKenry, M.V. 131
McMullin, E. 45
McNeill, P.J. 32
Meagher, R.L. Jr 227
Meelu, O.P. 110, 243
Meisinger, J.J. 30, 125
Melgar, R.J. 167
Mendosa, T.C. 62
Mertz, W. M. 154
Merwin, I. 145
Metzger, J. E. 232
Meyer, J.R. 227
Millar, C.E. 72
Miller, P.R. 53
Millhollon, E. P. 146
Mojtahedi, H. 150, 226
Moomaw, R.S. 99
Morris, R.A. 110, 243
Mulford, F.R. 125
Munoz, F. 224
Murthy, N.B.K. 1
Myers, H.E. 63
Myers, J.L.R 203
Naderman, G.C. 169
Nelson, W.A. 209
North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station 265
Obenshain, S. S. 75
Obiefuna, J.C. 184
Ohlenbusch, P.D. 171
Oliveira, V.F. 34
Olkowski, W. 3
Ottow, J.C.G. 122
Overman, A.R. 268
Owsley, C.M. 135
Oyer, L.J. 249
Painter, K.M. 103
Palm, C.A. 166
Pareek, R.P. 98
Parkman, J. 238
Pederson, G.A. 188
Peoples, M.B. 165
Perez, A.S. 205
Pettygrove, G.S. 251
Phatak, S.C. 33, 244
Phillips, R.E. 148
Pieters, A.J. 116
Pieters, Adrian John, 119
Pintor, R.M. 205
Pitman, W.D. 178
Pittenger, D.R. 224
Plant Materials Center (Big Flats, N.Y.) 176
Platford, G.G. 189
Portier, K.M. 178
Potts, W.E. 208
Power, J.F. 124, 198, 237
Prasad, M.N.V. 12
Prestbye, L.S. 77
Prichard, T. 50
Prima, Sandra, 40
Pritts, M. 145
Proebsting, Edward Louis, 105, 106
Prot, J.C. 246
Quintana, J.O. 100
Raghu, K. 1
Raimbault, B.A. 37
Rainbault, B.A. 36
Ranells, N.N. 56, 57
Ranjha, A.M. 200
Rasmussen, P.E. 147
Rath, M.D. 153
Raymer, P.L. 193
Razongles, C. 115
Redding, R. J. 104
Rees, R.M. 199
Reeves, D.W. 61, 241
Reznicek, P.J. 237
Richburg, J.S. III 159
Roach, S.H. 38
Roberson, E.B. 43
Roberts, B.W. 6, 209
Robertson, J.A. 218
Rolston, D.E. 50
Rosecrance, R. 14
Rosecrance, R.C. 149
Rosswall, T. 157
Rothrock, C.S. 130, 192
Sadler, J.M. 197
Sahid, I.B. 190
Saladino, V.A. 234
Salvo, S.K. 227
Sanchez, P.A. 166
Sanders, K.B. 8
Sanford, J.O. 267
Santo, G.S. 150, 226
Sarig, S. 43
Sarrantonio, M. 127, 162, 244
Sastroutomo, S.S. 190
Saunders, L. 156
Savary, S. 246
Schaefer, J. 155
Schmid, Otto 120
Schnitzer, M. 70
Schonbeck, M. 26
Schumann, A.W. 132
Scott, H.D. 94
Seneviratne, G. 157
Sharar, M.S. 200
Sharp, D. 263
Sharpe, T.R. 25
Shaw, W.M. 8
Sheaffer, C.C. 34
Sheets, A. 49
Sheldon, R.J. 206
Shelton, W.L. 7
Shennan, C. 66
Shipley, P.R. 30
Shock, C. 156
Sims, J. 11
Singogo, W. 140
Smith, F.B. 187
Smith, J.A. 153, 266
Smith, M.A. 170
Smith, M.S. 139
Smith, N.R. 195
Smyth, T.J. 167
Snider, H.J. 28
Soil and Water Conservation Society (U.S.) 48
Soil Management Collaborative Research Support Program 138
Soriano, I.R.S. 246
Stalknecht, G. 11
Stamps, R.H. 20
Steffey, K. 129
Stevens, C. 219
Stevens, W.E. 238
Stieber, T. 156
Stiles, W.C. 217
Stokes, I.E. 223
Stout, W.L. 81
Sullivan, Preston 47
Sumner, D.R. 89
Sumner, K. 136
Surrency, E.D. 135
Tang, A.Y. 219
Tarbox, F. G. 264
Tasrif, A. 190
Taylor, G.C. 133
Teasdale, J.R. 208
Tenney, F.G. 17
Testa, F. 67
Thatcher, Roscoe Wilfred, 152
Thom, C. 195
Thullen, R. 31
Timm, R.M. 93
Tiraa, A.N. 35
Tjepkema, J. 160
Tollenaar, M. 36, 37
Touchton, J.T. 61, 241, 249
Townley-Smith, L. 70
Tu, J.C. 85
Turco, R.F. 206
Turk, L.M. 72
Unger, P.W. 213
United States, Agricultural Research Service, National
Turfgrass Evaluation Program (U.S.) 158
Utomo, M. 228
Van Bruggen, A.H.C. 66
Van Kessel, C. 15, 179, 210
Varco, J.J. 44, 238, 267
Vogel, W. G. 151
Volenec, J.J. 206
Vorst, J.J. 201
Vough, L.R. 125
Vyn, T.J., 36, 37
Wackers, F.L. 33
Waddle, B.A. 94
Wagger, M.G. 56, 57, 203, 235
Waksman, S.A. 16, 17
Walker, R.H. 159
Walsh, C. 254
Wani, S.P. 218
Warman, P.R. 78
Watanbe, I. 98
Watson, S. J. 260, 261
Weerakoon, W.L. 157
Welty, L. 11
Welty, L.E. 77
Wesley, R.A. 221
Wessels, P. H. 102
Westcott, M. 11
Westcott, M.P. 77
Wichman, D. 11
Wick, C. 251
Wiepke, T. 76
Wilkinson, S.R. 268
Williams, J.F. 251
Williams, P.T. 108
Williams, R. 49
Williams, W. 94
Williams, W.A. 53
Wilsie, C.P. 211
Wilson, B. D. 220
Wilson, J.H. 150, 226
Wilson, R.G. 266
Wood, C.W. 241
Woodard, H.J. 123
Woods End Agricultural Institute 120
Wooley, D. 52
Worsham, A.D. 5, 76
Yakovlev, V.Kh 230
Yan, L. 199
Yonts, C.D. 153
York, A.C. 169
Young, D.L. 103
Zachariassen, J.A. 198
Zehr, E.I. 227
Zentner, R.P. 69, 70, 71
Zhang, A. 3
Zhu, J.C. 257
SUBJECT INDEX
Acacia 248
Acacia cunninghamii 248
Acer saccharinum 68
Acid soils 23, 78, 166
Acyrthosiphon kondoi 32
Acyrthosiphon pisum 32
Adverse effects 86
Aeschynomene 122, 246
Aeschynomene Americana 178
Ageratum conyzoides 3
Agricultural land 50
Agricultural policy 103
Agricultural research 164
Agricultural soils 71
Agroforestry 176
Agronomic characteristics 169, 193
Air temperature 2, 42
Alabama 61, 159, 219, 241, 249
Alberta 182, 218
Albizia lebbek 95
Alfalfa 143
Alfalfa hay 141
Allelochemicals 4
Allelopathy 4, 5, 58, 256
Alley cropping 149
Allium cepa 256
Alternative farming 103, 201, 225, 244
Aluminum oxide 107
Amino acids 70
Amino sugars 70
Ammonia 255
Ammonium nitrate 42, 44, 66
Ammonium sulfate 72, 82, 179
Ananas comosus 23, 184
Animal manures 17, 147, 199
Animal production 165
Annuals 159
Aphididae 244
Apple 84, 84, 101, 194, 207
Application 44
Application date 37, 57, 241
Application methods 39
Application rates 5, 27, 82, 99, 168, 180, 203, 228, 241, 249
Applicators 254
Arachniodes adiantiformis 20
Arkansas 2, 155, 192
Asia 164
Assessment 213
Assimilation 210
Astragalus sinicus 242
Atrazine 34, 57
Australia 95, 181
Autumn 2, 65, 197
Available water 34, 108
Avena sativa 26, 42, 77, 108, 172, 218
Bacillus thuringiensis 175
Bacterial diseases 66
Bagging 175
Barley straw 186
Beneficial insects 33
Bermuda grass 158
Beta vulgaris 107, 153, 266
Bibliographies 114
Bicarbonates 8
Biodegradation 62
Biological activity in soil 70, 210
Biological control 3, 32, 45, 150, 244, 262
Biological control agents 32
Biomass 26, 69, 73, 147, 202, 210
Biomass production 14, 38, 110, 153, 167, 183, 225
Bloat 11
Bolls 239
Botanical composition 26, 178
Brassica 107, 215
Brassica campestris 226
Brassica napus 89, 226
Brassica napus var. oleifera 193
Brassica oleracea 6, 225
Brazil 167
Breeding methods 193
British Columbia 144
Bromus inermis 69, 70, 71
Bromus tectorum 257
Buckwheat 10
Cajanus cajan 14, 23
Calcium 18, 72
Calcium oxide 107
California 13, 43, 45, 50, 53, 54, 66, 73, 175, 253
Calliandra calothyrsus 248
Calopogonium caeruleum 190
Calopogonium mucunoides 190
Canopy 95, 99, 184
Carbohydrates 43
Carbon 18, 69, 70, 72, 183, 210
Carbon cycle 147, 186
Carbon dioxide 15, 69, 187
Carbon-nitrogen ratio 15, 69, 70, 72, 183
Carbonates 8
Carya illinoensis 32, 133, 244
Cassia tora 23
Catch crops 46
Cattle manure 140
Cenchrus longispinus 181, 216
Centrosema pubescens 190
Cereals 141
Characterization 198
Chemical analysis 187
Chemical composition 107
Chemical control 181, 216, 242, 253, 266
Chemical degradation 16, 17
Chenopodium album 208
Chernozems 69, 70, 71
China 3, 242
Chiselling 235
Chlamydomonas 155
Chlorella 155
Citrullus lanatus 184
Citrus fruits 3
Citrus oblonga 45
Clay soils 221, 236
Climatic factors 26, 124
Clover hay 141, 156
Clovers 234
Coarse textured soils 186
Coastal plain soils 235, 241
Coastal plains 168
Coccinella septempunctata 32
Coccinellidae 32
Cold 20
Cold injury 20, 45
Companion crops 77, 197
Comparisons 179
Composting 107
Composts 177
Conifers 67, 215
Connecticut 80
Conoderus 92
Conoderus falli 92
Conservation 30
Conservation tillage 29, 42, 209, 213, 241, 249
Continuous cropping 63, 69, 70, 71, 218, 249
Contour cultivation 128
Contour ridging 128
Coppicing 14
Corking 66
Corn 104, 265
Coronilla varia 172
Correlated traits 182
Cost benefit analysis 45, 64, 175
Costs 103, 170
Cotton 91, 104, 240
Coulters 37
Cover crops 2, 5, 6, 7, 10, 13, 19, 20, 21, 23, 25, 26, 29,
30, 31, 32, 33, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47,
48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 61, 63, 64, 65,
66, 67, 76, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 88, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94,
95, 96, 97, 99, 102, 105, 106, 108, 114, 123, 124, 125, 126,
127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 139,
145, 148, 151, 153, 160, 161, 162, 163, 165, 166, 168, 169,
170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 181, 183, 184, 189,
190, 191, 192, 193, 196, 197, 198, 201, 202, 203, 208, 209,
212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 222, 225, 227, 228, 234, 235,
236, 237, 238, 239, 241, 244, 245, 249, 250, 252, 253, 254,
256, 257, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267
Coverage 26, 184
Cowpea 104
Crimson clover 185
Crop damage 92, 93, 212, 227, 242
Crop density 27, 38, 184, 266
Crop establishment 99, 203, 238
Crop growth stage 57, 99, 139, 168
Crop husbandry 217
Crop losses 92
Crop management 41, 42, 69, 70, 165, 213, 227, 235, 238, 244
Crop mixtures 19, 178, 188
Crop production 7, 41, 95, 116, 139, 165, 197, 236
Crop quality 76, 80, 125, 178, 188, 258
Crop residues 26, 35, 36, 37, 42, 62, 69, 70, 139, 147, 153,
165, 167, 210
Crop weed competition 26, 132, 257
Crop yield 11, 14, 23, 26, 27, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 56, 62,
66, 69, 76, 78, 80, 81, 88, 92, 94, 99, 107, 108, 110, 115,
116, 125, 139, 140, 149, 155, 157, 163, 167, 168, 170, 172,
180, 184, 188, 189, 200, 203, 204, 206, 223, 225, 228, 230,
234, 235, 238, 241, 243, 249, 258, 266, 267, 268
Cropping systems 89, 112, 115, 137, 161, 164, 238
Crops 21, 182
Crotalaria 23
Crotalaria juncea 110, 223
Cucumis melo 33, 140
Cucurbita pepo 89, 225
Cultivars 14, 38, 99, 175, 193, 202, 226
Cultivation 2, 209, 244
Cultural control 66, 92, 227
Cultural methods 132
Cultural weed control 26, 181, 208, 224, 258
Cutting frequency 125
Cyanazine 57
Cyanobacteria 155
Cycling 147, 186
Cydia pomonella 175
Cylindrocladium 67
Cylindrocladium scoparium 67
Cynodon dactylon 123, 159, 268
Daucus carota 256
Decay fungi— 195
Decomposition 15, 16, 17, 165, 166, 186, 187, 195, 200, 255
Deep tillage 61
Delia platura 212
Density 33
Depletion 63
Desiccation 38
Desmodium 178
Digitaria sanguinalis 208
Discing 36, 42
Discriminant analysis 182
Disease control 66
Diseases 54
Domestic gardens 162
Double cropping 36, 135, 156, 221
Drainage channels 189
Drilling 64
Dry beans 153
Dry conditions 235
Dry farming 124
Dry matter 66, 167, 170, 235
Dry matter accumulation 26, 30, 36, 37, 42, 65, 82, 123, 124,
125, 183, 203, 241, 268
Earliness 135
Echinochloa crus-galli 26
Ecology 129
Economic analysis 103
Edaphic factors 198
Effects 239
Efficacy 150
Eleusine indica 208
Emex australis 181, 216
England 107
Environmental degradation 137
Environmental factors 26, 93
Environmental impact 115, 201
Enzyme activity 186
Eragrostis cilianensis 208
Ergotism 96
Erosion 36, 41, 58, 68, 128, 147, 184, 214, 214, 237, 238
Erosion control 42, 45, 83, 128, 136, 137, 184, 193, 234, 263
Erosivity 184
Establishment 26, 81
Ethephon 99
Ethoprophos 150
Eucalyptus 132
Evaluation 253
Evaporation suppressants 224
Experimental plots 23
Fagopyrum esculentum 26
Fagopyrum tataricum 26
Fallow 30, 38, 69, 70, 235
Fallow systems 230
Farm management 137
Farm manure 22
Farm surveys 137
Farming˜ 160
Farming systems 62
Farming systems research 42
Farmyard manure 243
Feeding preferences 109
Fertilizer requirement determination 168, 241
Fertilizers 22, 35, 69, 70, 71, 107, 147, 237
Festuca arundinacea 188
Festuca ovina 144
Field experimentation 224
Field tests 11, 98, 253
Fineness 8
Flood control 189
Flooded rice 157
Flooding 189
Floods 189
Florida 20, 92, 112, 178, 222
Flowering 23
Flowering date 36, 135
Fluazifop 266
Flue curing 76
Fodder crops 159, 165, 230
Food quality 21
Forage 125, 211
Forage plants 176, 233
Foraging 109
Forest nurseries 67, 68, 215
Forest plantations 132
Frankliniella 32
Fruit 105, 106, 229
Fruit-culture 173, 174
Fruiting 238
Fruits 140
Fungal antagonistsp 4
Fungal diseases 4, 85
Fungus control 4, 130
Fusarium 215
Fusarium oxysporum 4
Genotypes 38
Geocoris punctipes 33
Geographical distribution 108
Georgia 27, 32, 33, 135, 244, 268
Germination inhibitors 256
Gliricidia sepium 248
Glomerella cingulata 83
Glucosinolates 150
Glycine max 18, 42, 62, 63, 99, 172, 191, 198, 212, 221, 223,
225, 249, 257
Glyphosate 34, 266
Glyptapanteles militaris 262
Gossypium 7, 31, 39, 41, 163, 192, 236, 239
Gossypium hirsutum 25, 27, 38, 86, 94, 130, 155, 169, 238
Grain 34, 36, 56, 69, 125, 139, 203, 228, 235, 241, 249, 258
Grain crops 97
Gram negative bacteria 66
Gramineae 35, 63, 123
Granulosis viruses 175
Grass clippings 83, 213
Grasses 19, 63, 141, 244
Grasslands 147, 171
Grazing 160
Grazing effects 95, 178
Grazing intensity 178
Grazing systems 111
Green manure crops 47, 113, 138, 152, 154, 185, 220, 233
Green manures 1, 4, 8, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 27, 28, 35,
52, 62, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 77, 78, 79, 85, 98, 100, 103, 107,
110, 112, 114, 115, 116, 122, 124, 126, 140, 141, 147, 149,
150, 155, 156, 157, 164, 165, 166, 167, 179, 180, 183, 186,
187, 195, 199, 200, 204, 205, 206, 210, 211, 218, 219, 223,
226, 230, 234, 240, 242, 243, 244, 246, 248, 251, 255
Green manuring 9, 22, 24, 59, 74, 75, 87, 117, 118, 119, 120,
121, 142, 143, 229, 231
Greenhouses 20
Ground cover 131, 182, 221
Ground cover plants 227
Groundwater pollution 51
Growth 79, 95, 139, 227, 235
Growth analysis 34
Growth rate 56, 88, 122, 124, 183, 202, 239
Growth stages 223
Habit 244
Harvesting 62, 77
Harvesting date 28, 197, 223
Hawaii 14, 23, 149, 211
Hay 11, 28, 170, 180
Hch 1
Herbage 125, 178
Herbicide residues 86
Herbicides 5, 39, 132, 136, 145, 159, 171, 181, 209, 222,
225, 242, 254
Heteropogon contortus 95
Hippodamia convergens 32
Hirschmanniella mucronata 246
Hirschmanniella oryzae 246
Hordeum vulgare 43, 107, 144, 186, 199, 218, 230
A horizons 69, 70
Humid tropics 167
Humus 53, 186
Hybrids 170, 206
Hydraulic conductivity 148
Idaho 193
Illinois 129
Immobilization 179
Importation 190
In vitro digestibility 178
Incentives 103
Incidence 92
Incorporation 38, 186, 212
Indicator plants 79
Indigofera hirsuta 109
Indigofera tinctoria 167
Infiltration 50
Infrared imagery 182
Inoculum 66
Insect control 33, 92, 134, 262
Insect pests 58
Insect repellents 109
Insect traps 212
Insects 129
Integrated pest management 227
Intensive production 140
Interactions 199, 235
Intercropping 33, 62, 108, 184, 197
Interplanting 99
Interrow cultivation 181
Ion uptake 123
Iowa 42, 187
Iron oxides 107
Irrigated conditions 34
Irrigation 115, 181
Irrigation systems 45
Isotope labeling 98, 157
Kansas 63, 171
Kentucky 139, 148, 228
Lactuca sativa 4, 26, 66
Land productivity 62, 137
Land use 137, 182
Landscape 182
Lathyrus 233
Leaching 82, 100, 168
Leaf area 239
Leaf area index 36
Leaves 150, 166, 168, 200, 248
Legislation 103
Legumes 53, 110, 124, 138, 141, 142, 151, 152, 164, 165, 167,
183, 211, 244, 263, 267
Leguminosae 35, 79, 97, 127, 135, 166, 200, 204
Lens culinaris 255
Lentils 15, 179, 210
Lespedeza cuneata 68
Lespedeza stipulacea 198
Leucaena leucocephala 248
Light transmission 99
Lignin 166
Lime 72, 107
Liming materials 8
Linum usitatissimum 67
Literature reviews 4, 58, 147, 164, 165
Live mulches 68, 139, 144, 145, 166, 172, 224, 225, 258
Loam soils 42, 186
Loess soils 25
Lolium multiflorum 26, 30, 65, 111
Lolium perenne 43, 44, 68, 144, 199
Long term experiments 69, 70
Losses from soil 68, 82, 100, 179
Losses from soil systems 164, 183, 255
Lotus corniculatus 180
Louisiana 7, 25, 111, 223, 236
Lowland areas 122, 243
Lupinus albus 94
Lycopersicon esculentum 4, 225, 256
Lysimetry 8
Macropores 148
Macroptilium lathyroides 178
Magnesium 18
Magnesium oxide 107
Maize 240
Maize silage 125, 203
Maize stover 81, 139
Malaysia 190
Malus 68
Malus pumila 175
Management 77
Mangifera indica 83
Manure spreading 161
Maryland 30, 80, 125, 208, 254, 263
Massachusetts 80
Mathematical models 98, 268
Maturation 38
Maturation period 170
Maturity 99
Measurement 184
Medicago sativa 34, 63, 67, 69, 70, 71, 77, 81, 108, 140,
170, 186, 206
Melanotus communis 92
Melilotus 180, 230
Melilotus alba 28, 63, 198
Melilotus officinalis 69, 70
Meloidogyne chitwoodi 150, 226
Meloidogyne hapla 226
Meloidogyne incognita 89
Meloidogyne javanica 89
Meteorological factors 34
Michigan 108, 161, 180
Microbial degradation 1, 16, 17, 195
Microbiology 43
Middle atlantic states of U.S.A. 168
Mine spoil 123
Mineral content 28, 123
Mineralization 69, 70, 71, 100, 164, 166, 179, 199, 218
Minimum tillage 225, 258
Minimum tillage systems 161
Minnesota 34
Mississippi 44, 86, 126, 155, 163, 188, 221, 238, 267
Missouri 155, 257
Mite control 3
Mixed cropping 184
Mixed pastures 178
Models 88
Moisture content 23
Moisture equivalent 63, 72
Mollugo verticillata 208
Montana 11, 77
Mowing 253, 262
Mucuna aterrima 167
Mucuna cochinchinensis 190
Mucuna pruriens 132
Mulches 34, 181, 216, 222, 225
Mythimna unipuncta 134, 262
Natural enemies 32, 262
Natural regeneration 202
Natural resources 182
Nebraska 99, 266
Nematode control 226, 246
Nepal 204
New Jersey 225, 258
Nicotiana tabacum 29, 76, 80
Nigeria 184
Nitrate 82, 100
Nitrate nitrogen 8, 42
Nitrates 2, 8, 72, 115
Nitrates (inorganic salts) 228
Nitrification 2, 187
Nitrogen 15, 29, 30, 42, 45, 53, 55, 69, 70, 71, 82, 98, 100,
107, 108, 124, 125, 139, 157, 166, 168, 179, 180, 183, 199,
200, 210, 218, 228, 234, 241, 244, 248, 251
Nitrogen balance 100
Nitrogen content 2, 23, 66, 72, 82, 107, 124, 125, 180, 202,
203, 206, 223, 267
Nitrogen cycle 164, 186
Nitrogen fertilizers 18, 29, 30, 51, 110, 139, 163, 164, 167,
180, 203, 218, 228, 241, 249, 268
Nitrogen fixation 23, 55, 98, 122, 124, 136, 149, 157, 164,
165, 204, 263
Nitrogen fixing trees 35, 149, 200, 248
Nitrogenous compounds 2
No-tillage 18, 34, 36, 37, 44, 55, 56, 76, 81, 125, 134, 135,
139, 148, 163, 168, 169, 170, 203, 208, 225, 228, 234, 257,
258
North Carolina 5, 29, 76, 169, 203, 235
North Dakota 124
Nurseries 177
Nutrient availability 42, 100, 107, 139, 179, 183, 200
Nutrient content 11, 21, 42, 69, 70, 139, 168, 183
Nutrient requirements 248, 249
Nutrient transport 139
Nutrient uptake 42, 82, 100, 124, 125, 179, 180, 183, 198,
199, 203, 206, 241
Nutrients 30, 183
Nutritive value 178
Oat straw 187
Objectives 182
Ohio 18, 80, 212
Oil palms 190
Oklahoma 6, 133, 209
Ontario 36, 37, 67
Orchard soils 43
Orchards 32, 83, 88, 196, 217, 244, 253
Oregon 49, 156
Organic amendments 215
Organic farming 13, 62, 115, 175
Organic fertilizers 138
Organic matter 107
Origin 193
Ornamental woody plants 19
Oryza sativa 78, 110, 122, 157, 164, 204, 205, 243, 246
Overhead irrigation 20
Oversowing 111, 159, 178, 191, 268
Oviposition 212
Oxisols 167
Pacific states of U.S.A. 215
Paddy soils 98
Pakistan 200
Panicum coloratum 123
Panicum maximum 95
Paraquat 37, 38, 262
Parasites of insect pests 262
Particle size 15
Paspalum notatum 83, 178, 268
Pennsylvania 81
Permeability 50
Persistence 186
Peru 214
Pest control 31, 175, 201
Pest management 6, 150, 169
Phaseolus vulgaris 225
Philippines 98, 110, 164, 205, 243
Phosphoric acid 107
Phosphorus 18, 35, 183, 186
Physicochemical properties 186
Phytotoxicity 159, 242
Pisum sativum 85, 140, 198, 199
Plant analysis 28, 69
Plant breeding 135, 165
Plant competition 34, 88
Plant composition 28, 166, 180
Plant density 86
Plant disease control 4
Plant ecology 95
Plant extracts 109
Plant height 99, 107, 170, 266
Plant nutrition 79
Plant parasitic nematodes 131, 150
Plant pests 227
Plant protection 175
Plant residues 15, 208, 224
Plant water relations 223
Plantation crops 223
Plantations 19, 190
Planters 37
Planting 62
Planting date 65, 124, 170, 212, 223, 240
Plants 183
Plants, Effect of manganese on 151
Plastic film 140
Plowing 34, 36, 37, 208
Poa compressa 257
Polyphenols 166
Polysaccharides 43
Population density 32, 208, 212, 226, 227
Population dynamics 134
Populations 227
Potassium 8, 18, 107, 183
Potassium fertilizers 35
Potato diggers 96
Potato harvesters 96
Poultry manure 186
Precipitation 108, 124, 139
Predators of insect pests 33, 244
Predatory mites 3
Prediction 100
Pregermination 96
Preplanting treatment 37, 139
Prince edward Island 197
Production costs 55, 177
Profiles 139
Profitability 103, 160
Protection 20
Provenance 223
Prunus cerasus 88
Prunus domestica 43
Prunus dulcis 253
Prunus persica 227
Pueraria 190
Pythium 89, 215
Quantitative analysis 165
Queensland 248
Rain 42, 63, 68, 184, 189, 214
Rape 150
Recovery 30, 82
Recycling 183
Registration 193
Regrowth 26
Rehabilitation 184
Remote sensing 182
Removal 28
Reproductive performance 203
Research 201
Research projects 161
Residual effects 57, 82, 115, 125, 164, 228, 243
Resistance to penetration 50
Resowing 56, 57, 203
Respiration 69
Responses 20, 182
Returns 103, 170
Rhizobiaceae 165
Rhizobium 62
Rhizoctonia solani 89, 130
Rhopalosiphum padi 32
Rice 113
Rice soils 251
Ridging 42
Rill erosion 128
Root rots 4, 67, 80, 85
Root systems 195
Roots 28, 66, 150, 266
Rootstocks 88
Rotation 65, 69
Rotations 18, 21, 42, 58, 63, 70, 71, 80, 82, 97, 99, 103,
128, 141, 153, 180, 213, 218, 230, 246, 249
Row orientation 56, 62
Row spacing 62, 144, 211
Rubber plants 190
Rubus idaeus 49, 144
Runoff 68
Runoff water 68
Rwanda 137
Ryania speciosa 175
Rye 64, 87
Saccharum officinarum 62, 189, 223
Salt tolerance 12
Sandy loam soils 2, 27, 44, 72
Sandy soils 168, 235
Saskatchewan 15, 69, 70, 71, 179, 210
Scotland 199
Screening 209, 242
Seasonal croppingo 249
Seasonal fluctuations 179, 210
Seasonal growth 28, 42, 115, 124
Seasonal variation 34, 42, 66, 103, 108
Seasonality 244
Seasons 115
Secale cereale 2, 6, 18, 26, 30, 32, 36, 37, 42, 65, 66, 76,
81, 82, 94, 134, 148, 168, 197, 208, 225, 228, 262, 266
Sediment 68
Seed dispersal 96, 202
Seed germination 23, 107, 203
Seed production 23, 211
Seed purity 190
Seed quality 190
Seed treatment 96
Seedbeds 221
Seeding 96
Seedling emergence 170
Seedlings 215
Seeds 38, 190, 202, 203
Selection criteria 135, 193
Selective felling 133
Selectivity 242
Selenium 123
Semiarid climate 124
Semiarid zones 147
Sequential cropping 125, 243, 249
Sesbania 98, 122, 157, 205, 243, 246
Sesbania bispinosa 12
Sesbania cannabina 98, 110
Sesbania exaltata 109
Sesbania sesban 248
Sethoxydim 266
Sewage sludge 177, 186
Shading 20
Shoots 28, 107, 123, 239
Shrubs 165
Siberia 230
Sidedressing 168
Silt loam 75, 90
Silt loam soils 2, 25, 30, 78, 139, 148
Simazine 57
Simulation models 100
Site factors 218
Site preparation 254
Slope 137
Sloping land 83
Small fruits 145
Sodium nitrate 27O
Soil 1, 6, 54
Soil acidity 24, 195
Soil air 15
Soil amendments 200, 215
Soil analysis 213
Soil bacteria 16, 195
Soil biology 2, 15, 43, 218, 230
Soil chemistry 16, 18, 167, 218, 251
Soil compaction 61
Soil conservation 34, 68, 137, 174, 176, 184, 237
Soil degradation 62
Soil depth 63, 69, 70
Soil enzymes 186
Soil fauna 58
Soil fertility 2, 18, 21, 26, 58, 71, 79, 98, 108, 147, 157,
160, 164, 177, 201, 213, 218, 230, 244
Soil flora 58, 186, 210
Soil fumigation 215
Soil inoculation 165
Soil management 6, 21, 36, 52, 53, 88, 162, 165, 177, 196,
213, 216, 217
Soil organic matter 17, 58, 69, 70, 71, 72, 147, 177, 195,
224, 244, 252
Soil physical properties 18, 23, 94, 186, 218, 230
Soil physics 65
Soil productivity 265
Soil sterilization 219
Soil strength 50
Soil structure 43, 58, 66, 184, 186
Soil temperature 170, 198
Soil texture 45, 213
Soil treatment 186
Soil water 63, 66, 81, 170
Soil water content 34, 36, 42, 56, 81, 139, 235, 257
Soil water retention 72, 184
Soils 40, 74, 220
Solanum tuberosum 92, 96, 150, 180, 197
Solenopsis invicta 109
Solonetzic soils 230
Sorghum 206
Sorghum bicolor 26, 67, 202, 234
South Africa 189
South australia 216
South Carolina 38
Sowing 108
Sowing date 81, 197
Sowing depth 81
Sowing methods 197
Spatial distribution 70
Spatial variation 108, 139
Species 227
Species differences 227
Species trials 211
Spectral data 182
Split dressings 168, 241
Spoil banks 151
Spring 65
Sri lanka 157
Stability 184
Staking 181
Stand characteristics 124
Stand establishment 178, 266
Statistics 29, 236
Steers 178
Stellaria media 30, 257
Stem nodules 122
Stems 150
Stocking rate 178
Storms 189
Straw 72, 179, 210
Straw disposal 69
Straw incorporation 210
Strip cropping 56, 213
Stubble 228
Subsoil 63
Subsoiling 235
Subtropical crops 165
Sulfates 8
Sulfur 186
Suppression 26, 34
Surface layers 70
Surveys 212
Survival 227
Susceptibility 83
Sustainability 6, 13, 21, 42, 58, 71, 103, 137, 201, 244
Sweet clover 60, 154, 229, 231, 232
Systems 7, 239
Tachinidae 262
Taiwan 83
Taraxacum officinale 4
Temperate zones 147
Temporal variation 38, 115, 124, 139, 186
Tennessee 155
Terraces 128
Texas 123
Thielaviopsis basicola 130, 192
Thinning 133, 175
Tillage 7, 25, 26, 37, 40, 68, 81, 85, 147, 148, 153, 170,
181, 216, 225, 228, 234, 236, 237, 238, 239, 258
Tillering 107
Tilth 53
Time 257
Timing 37, 241
Transpiration 45, 88, 139
Treatment 209, 222
Tree fruits 133
Tree gardens 133
Trees 165
Tribulus terrestris 181, 216
Trickle irrigation 140
Trifolium alexandrinum 11, 77, 156, 202
Trifolium incarnatum 30, 38, 55, 56, 57, 68, 76, 94, 125,
188, 198, 202, 203, 222, 235, 241, 249, 268
Trifolium pratense 8, 19, 26, 65, 108, 180, 188, 206
Trifolium repens 144, 188, 198
Trifolium resupinatum 77
Trifolium subterraneum 188, 202, 224, 225, 258, 268
Trifolium vesiculosum 188, 202, 268
Triticum 221
Triticum aestivum 39, 43, 67, 69, 70, 71, 86, 108, 179, 199,
204, 266
Tropical crops 165, 166
Tropical soils 166
Tropics 98, 184
Tubers 92, 180
Turfgrasses 158
Turning 240
U.S.A. 21, 160
Ultisols 184
Undersowing 99
Uptake 30, 234
Uranium 123
Urea ammonium nitratep 168
Urea fertilizers 243
Urea nitrates 167
Use efficiency 42, 168, 241
Utah 88
Varietal reactions 38
Variety trials 14
Vase life 20
Vegetable growing 224, 252
Vegetables 209, 252
Vegetation 214, 253
Vertebrate pests 93
Vetch 39, 185, 240
Viability 137, 190
Vicia 2, 107, 163, 195, 202
Vicia benghalensis 251
Vicia faba 66, 198, 218
Vicia sativa 86
Vicia villosa 6, 27, 30, 32, 38, 42, 44, 76, 89, 94, 139,
140, 148, 180, 192, 198, 208, 228
Vigna radiata 62, 243
Vigna unguiculata 109, 132, 167, 184
Vineyard soils 216
Vineyards 181, 216, 254
Virginia 82, 168, 262
Viticulture 13
Vitis 131, 181, 216, 254
Volatile compounds 256
Volatilization 255
Volunteer plants 203
Water 214
Water availability 235
Water conservation 51, 139
Water deficit 63
Water erosion 42
Water intake 50, 53
Water quality management 48
Water requirements 45
Water use 198, 257
Water use efficiency 124, 139
Water-supply 48
Watersheds 189
Weed competition 224
Weed control 5, 10, 30, 45, 49, 73, 132, 144, 145, 171, 216,
225, 227, 242, 254, 263, 266
Weeds 26, 31, 39, 86, 93, 131, 169, 190, 208, 219, 225, 253
Weight 23, 170
Wheat 15, 210
Wheat straw 179
Wind erosion 214
Winter 2, 30, 36, 38, 66, 159, 193, 197, 202, 228, 249, 257
Winter hardiness 28
Winter wheat 108
Wisconsin 170
Yield components 205
Yield factors 168
Yield response functions 44, 144, 164, 239, 268
Yields 211
Zea mays 18, 30, 34, 35, 36, 37, 42, 44, 55, 56, 79, 82, 97,
99, 108, 125, 134, 139, 148, 149, 153, 167, 168, 170, 180,
203, 208, 225, 228, 235, 241, 243, 248, 249, 258, 262