WHAT YOU CAN DO TO REDUCE AIR POLLUTION United States Environmental Protection Agency EPA 450-K-92-002 October 1992 Air and Radiation (ANR-443) This publication was prepared by the United States Environmental Protection Agency to help people discover ways they can reduce air pollution. If you would like to learn more about air pollution in your state or your local area--or about indoor air pollution--telephone numbers are provided at the back of the pamphlet for your state's environmental agency and the EPA regional office in your area. In this booklet you will learn about: - Sources of outdoor air pollution - Health effects of air pollution - The federal effort--the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 - How air pollution is being fought on all fronts - The difference YOU can make - Additional sources of information Air pollution affects everyone Air pollution threatens the health of human beings and other living things on our planet. While often invisible, pollutants in the air create smog and acid rain, cause cancer or other serious health effects, diminish the protective ozone layer in the upper atmosphere, and contribute to the potential for world climate change. Smog and other types of air pollution can lead to or aggravate respiratory, heart, and other health problems. It can be particularly harmful to people with existing lung or heart disease, the elderly, and the very young. Six of every ten Americans live in areas that fail to meet one or more federal air quality standards during some portion of the year. However, not everyone who lives in such areas will have health problems. Level, extent, and duration of exposure, age, individual susceptibility, and other factors play a significant role in 1 determining whether or not someone will experience pollution-related health problems. Since polluted air can move from one area or region to another, it has the potential to affect virtually all of us. Acid rain--caused by sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides combining with moisture in the air--limits the ability of lakes to support aquatic life, may damage trees and plants, and erodes building surfaces and national monuments. Pollutants in the air can also reduce visibility, obscuring the majestic vistas in national parks such as Grand Canyon and Shenandoah. Other air pollutants--called "air toxics"--are known or suspected to cause cancer or other serious heath effects, such as damage to respiratory or nervous systems. Air toxics include metals, particles, and certain vapors from fuels and other sources. Some chemicals used in refrigerators and air conditioners last a long time if released into the air, rising to the upper atmosphere where they destroy the protective layer. These and other air pollutants (like methane and carbon dioxide) also contribute to the suspected accelerated warming of the earth, known as the "greenhouse effect." Air pollution has many sources. Some sources are obvious--like industrial smokestacks, chemical plants, automobiles, trucks, and buses. Others are not so obvious--like gasoline stations; dry-cleaners; outboard motors; lawn, garden, farm, and construction equipment engines; certain paints; and various household products. Everyone can play a role in preventing and reducing air pollution. This publication describes efforts already underway, provides you with some basic air pollution information, and suggests ways that you can do your part in helping to prevent and reduce air pollution. Major Air Pollutants--What They Are, Where They Come From, and Their Potential Effects For six pollutants--ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and lead--EPA has established air quality standards designed to protect the health and welfare of people, plants, and animals, as well as buildings, monuments, water resources, etc. These standards are based on currently available scientific data and health studies. Levels of concern vary from pollutant to pollutant. 2 POLLUTANT SOURCES EFFECTS Ozone. A colorless Ozone is formed in Ozone causes significant gas that is the major the lower atmosphere health and environmental constituent of as a result of problems at the earth's photochemical smog at chemical reactions surface, where we live. It the earth's surface. between oxygen, can irritate the In the upper volatile organic respiratory tract, produce atmosphere compounds, and impaired lung function such (stratosphere), nitrogen oxides in as inability to take a deep however, ozone is the presence of breath, and cause throat beneficial, protecting sunlight especially irritation, chest pain, us from the sun's during hot weather. cough, lung inflammation, harmful rays. Sources of such and possible susceptibility harmful pollutants to lung infection. Smog include vehicles, components may aggravate factories, landfills, existing respiratory industrial solvents, conditions like asthma. It and numerous small can also reduce yield of sources such as gas agricultural crops and stations, farm and injure forests and other lawn equipment, etc. vegetation. Ozone is the most injurious pollutant to plant life. Carbon Monoxide. Automobiles, buses, Reduces the ability of Odorless and colorless trucks, small blood to deliver oxygen to gas emitted in the engines, and some vital tissues, affecting exhaust of motor industrial processes. primarily the vehicles and other High concentrations cardiovascular and nervous kinds of engines where can be found in systems. Lower there is incomplete confined spaces like concentrations have been fossil fuel parking garages, shown to adversely affect combustion. poorly ventilated individuals with heart tunnels, or along disease (e.g., angina) and roadsides during to decrease maximal periods of heavy exercise performance in traffic. young, healthy men. Higher concentrations can cause symptoms such as dizziness, headaches, and fatigue. 3 POLLUTANT SOURCES EFFECTS Nitrogen Dioxide. Result of burning One of the major pollutants Light brown gas at fuels in utilities, that causes smog and acid lower concentrations; industrial boilers, rain. Can harm humans and in higher cars, and trucks. vegetation when concentrations becomes concentrations are an important component sufficiently high. In of unpleasant-looking children, may cause brown, urban haze. increased respiratory illness such as chest colds and coughing with phlegm. For asthmatics, can cause increased breathing difficulty. Particulate Matter. Industrial processes, These microscopic particles Solid matter or liquid smelters, can affect breathing and droplets from smoke, automobiles, burning respiratory symptoms, dust, fly ash and industrial fuels, causing increased condensing vapors that woodsmoke, dust from respiratory disease and can be suspended in paved and unpaved lung damage and possibly the air for long roads, construction, premature death. Children, periods of time. and agricultural the elderly, and people ground breaking. suffering from heart or lung disease (like asthma) are especially at risk. Also damages paint, soils clothing, and reduces visibility. Sulfur Dioxide. Emitted largely from One of the major pollutants Colorless gas, industrial, that causes smog. Can odorless at low institutional, also, at high concentrations but utility and concentrations, affect pungent at very high apartment-house human health, especially concentrations. furnaces and boilers, among asthmatics (who are as well as petroleum particularly sensitive to refineries, smelters, respiratory tract problems paper mills, and and breathing difficulties chemical plants. that SO2 can induce). Can also harm vegetation and metals. The pollutants it produces can impair visibility and acidify lakes and streams. 4 POLLUTANT SOURCES EFFECTS Lead. Lead and lead Transportation Elevated lead levels can compounds can sources using lead in adversely affect mental adversely affect human their fuels, coal development and health through either combustion, smelters, performance, kidney ingestion of car battery plants, function, and blood lead-contaminated and combustion of chemistry. Young children soil, dust, paint, garbage containing are particularly at risk etc., or direct lead products. due to their greater chance inhalation. This is of ingesting lead and the particularly a risk increased sensitivity of for young children, young tissues and organs to whose normal hand-to- lead. mouth activities can result in greater ingestion of lead-contaminated soils and dusts. Toxic Air Pollutants. Chemical plants, Known or suspected to cause Includes pollutants industrial processes, cancer, respiratory such as arsenic, motor vehicle effects, birth defects, and asbestos, and benzene. emissions and fuels, reproductive and other and building serious health effects. materials. Some can cause death or serious injury if accidentally released in large amounts. Stratospheric Ozone Industrial household Increased exposure to UV Depleters. Chemicals refrigeration, radiation could potentially such as cooling and cleaning cause an increase in skin chlorofluorocarbons processes, car and cancer, increased cataract (CFCs), halons, carbon home air cases, suppression of the tetrachloride, and conditioners, some human immune response methyl chloroform that fire extinguishers, system, and environmental are used in and plastic foam damage. refrigerants and other products. industrial processes. These chemicals last a long time in the air, rising to the upper atmosphere where they destroy the protective ozone layer that screens out harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation before it reaches the earth's surface. 5 POLLUTANT SOURCES EFFECTS Greenhouse Gases. The main man-made The extent of the effects Gases that build up in source of carbon of climate change on human the atmosphere that dioxide emissions is health and the environment may induce global fossil fuel is still uncertain, but climate change or the combustion for could include increased "greenhouse effect." energy-use and global temperature, They include carbon transportation. increased severity and dioxide, methane, and Methane comes from frequency of storms and nitrous oxide. landfills, other "weather extremes," cud-chewing melting of the polar ice livestock, coal cap, and sea-level rise. mines, and rice paddies. Nitrous oxide results from industrial processes, such as nylon fabrication. GOALS OF THE CLEAN AIR ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1990 The overall goal of the Clean Air Act Amendments is to reduce the pollutants in our air by 56 billion pounds a year--224 pounds for every man, woman, and child--when the law is fully phased in by the year 2005. The new law builds on the strengths of the Clean Air Acts of 1970 and 1977 and the environmental lessons learned over the past twenty years. As the provisions of the new law are implemented, we will be breathing cleaner air every year. Goal: Cut Acid Rain In Half Acid rain is caused in large part by power plant emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. These pollutants, which combine with moisture in the atmosphere to produce acid rain, will be dramatically reduced. A two-phase cost-effective system will reduce sulfur dioxide emissions from power plants by more than half. By the year 2000, total annual emissions will be reduced by 10 million tons from 1980 levels. Goal: Reduce smog and other pollutants Urban smog or ground-level ozone pollution, produced by motor vehicles and other sources, will be substantially reduced. The object is to reduce volatile organic compounds, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide, which can cause health problems. Diesel-powered buses in urban areas will be regulated to reduce their exhaust emissions by 95 percent by 1995. 6 In cities with more severe carbon monoxide and ozone levels, states may have to initiate or upgrade inspection and maintenance programs for motor vehicles and adopt new clean fuel programs. In areas where safe levels of particulate matter in the air are not being met, states may have to require use of emissions control measures, limit the use of wood stoves and fireplaces, or both. Goal: Reduce air toxics Chemical plants, steel mills, and other businesses will need to reduce their emissions of an additional 189 air toxics-- pollutants associated with cancer, birth defects, and other health risks--in addition to those already regulated. Goal: Protect the ozone layer Finally, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and related chemicals that deplete the ozone layer may be phased out of production as early as the end of 1995. CFC recycling, especially for automobile air conditioners and residential, commercial, and industrial cooling and refrigeration systems, will be maximized to reduce current emissions. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL: IT'S EVERYBODY'S BUSINESS Government, industry, environmental groups, and citizens are working together to clean up our air. Here are some examples of what they are achieving: Denver comes out from under a cloud Denver, Colorado: Denver was once so renowned for its pure mountain air that tuberculosis victims traveled there for treatment. However, in 1985, Denver was under a "brown cloud" much of the time. Pollutants from motor vehicles, industry, and wood stoves clouded the skies and obscured the view of the Rocky Mountains that made the Mile High City a major tourist attraction. The city violated federal carbon monoxide exposure limits 33 days during the winter of 1985. The public, as well as businesses and community leaders, demanded that something be done to bring clean, healthful air back to Denver. Responding to these concerns, the governor established the Denver Metro Air Quality Council. With technical support from EPA and the Colorado Health Department, the Council mobilized public and governmental action, worked with industries, civic groups, and the news media to help remove the area's brown cloud and clean its air. How did they do it? 7 - New legislation required use of oxygenated fuels during the winter months to reduce cold weather carbon monoxide emissions from gasoline engines. Automobile owners' individual participation helped make this successful. - The Denver schools switched from diesel fuels to compressed natural gas in new school buses. - The state avoided legislation that would have delayed implementation of strict emission standards for wood stoves. - Wood burning in the area was limited. - The local electric utility replaced particulate-emitting coal fires in powerhouse boilers with a mix of "clean" natural gas and coal. The public bus company converted to low-sulfur fuel during the high-pollution season, tested methanol-fueled buses, and implemented an emissions inspection and maintenance program for its vehicles. - The public, including employees and shoppers, found ways to drive fewer miles. What did it all add up to? Carbon monoxide violations dropped from thirty-three in 1985 to only three in 1990. Average daily ozone (smog) levels for the ten highest days dropped considerably. In June of 1990, the United States Conference of Mayors called Denver "the most liveable city in the United States." AIR POLLUTION CONTROL: IT'S EVERYBODY'S BUSINESS Klamath Falls, Oregon: A woodsmoke success story Among the highest particulate matter (PM-10) concentrations recorded anywhere in the nation were those which occurred in a southern Oregon community of 37,500 called Klamath Falls. In January of 1988, measurements of PM-10 were recorded which were five times the federal health standard. The major problem was smoke from residential woodstoves and fireplaces in conjunction with wintertime inversions that trapped the air, causing woodsmoke concentrations to build to very unhealthy levels. Despite some initial resistance, Klamath County initiated strong public awareness and voluntary woodburning curtailment programs. These programs proved to be insufficient. A 1989-90 health study of school children showing significant declines in lung function during PM-10 episodes alerted the community to the seriousness of the problem. To further improve air quality, in 1991-92 over 325 woodstoves were replaced with alternative heat sources purchased with federal and local funds. In 1991, the community also adopted restrictions on the use of residential wood burning 8 devices when inversions threatened to cause high PM-10 concentrations. As of the summer of 1992, these renewed efforts appeared to have paid off--preliminary data for the 1991-92 wood heating season suggested that the federal health standard was never exceeded. While favorable weather conditions may have contributed in part to that winter's air quality, Klamath Falls has made significant progress in improving air quality and ultimately assuring long-term protection of public health. Getting the lead out By the 1970s, high levels of lead in our nation's air became a major health concern. Beginning in 1974, EPA launched a major new program to introduce emission control equipment on new cars and phase-out lead in the nation's gasoline. As a result, lead emissions have dropped by 97 percent from 1970 levels. By 1992, about 95 percent of all gasoline sold in the United States was lead-free. Over the next few years, the remainder will be phased out entirely. Green Lights: Shedding new light on emission reductions Green Lights is an EPA program aimed at cleaning the air and saving energy by reducing emissions from power plants. About one quarter of the electricity sold in the United States is used for lighting. EPA is encouraging organizations and individuals to voluntarily switch to energy-efficient lighting. In 1992, over 600 companies, state governments and others had enrolled in the Green Lights program and were using 50 percent less electricity while saving money on their electricity bills. The current square footage in the program equals all of the commercial real estate of Los Angeles, Chicago, Dallas, Detroit, and New York combined. When all the profitable lighting changes are in place, the reductions will likely add up to thousands of tons of nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide and 202 million metric tons of carbon dioxide every year. This is the equivalent of removing 44 million cars from the road, a third of the vehicles in use, simply by making profitable investments in modern lighting. Over the next five years, actions of Green Lights participants are expected to prevent over 8.4 million metric tons of air emissions and be a mainstay of the United States' strategy to stabilize greenhouse gas emissions. Three weeks in 1984: An Olympic-sized story Prior to the 1984 Summer Olympic Games in Los Angeles, there was considerable concern that the region's heavily polluted summer air would adversely affect Olympic competitors. The regional air 9 quality agency, city and county officials, transit companies, and area employers developed a plan for staggered working hours that resulted in fewer cars and buses on the road. The driving and riding public cooperated. The result was a twelve percent drop in ground-level ozone (smog) levels during that period! A New Clean Air Act: Scrubbing our skies The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments set new goals for improving our nation's air quality and offered new approaches to achieve these goals (see pages 5 and 6). By 1992, EPA had already proposed, issued, or begun implementing new rules designed to achieve about 85 percent of the 56 billion pounds of annual air pollution reductions to be phased in by 2005. WHAT YOU CAN DO TO HELP REDUCE AIR POLLUTION We have described some examples of how government, industry, and private citizens are working successfully to reduce or prevent air pollution. Everyone in the country has an important part to play in achieving clean air. Here are a few suggested ways that you can make a difference in your own community. How you drive and care for your car lS important Since automobiles are a major source of air pollution in most areas, your driving habits and your car maintenance can either add to the problem or help to solve it. Driving tips - Plan ahead. Organize your trips. Driving fewer miles will help reduce air pollution. Combine several errands into one trip. Avoid driving during peak traffic periods when stop-and-go traffic is at its worst. This will not only save you gas but will also reduce the wear and tear on your car. Try walking or bicycling for short errands and leisure activities. - Ride share. Carpools and public transportation reduce the number of cars on the road and miles driven. If you own or manage a business, create incentives that encourage employees to carpool. As an employee, form a carpool with others at work or in your neighborhood. Consider taking public transportation as an alternative to driving. - Use an energy-conserving grade of motor oil. Look for the EC grade on the container and be sure to use multigrade. An EC multigrade can improve your mileage by as much as 1.5 percent. An EC II-rated oil can provide a 2.7 percent mileage boost over single grades. 10 - Use clean fuels. Reformulated or "clean" gasolines are becoming more widely available. Use them when possible. - Drive at a medium speed. In normal traffic conditions, most cars operate most efficiently between 35 and 45 miles per hour; lower or higher speeds are less efficient. If you drive 55 miles per hour rather than 65 miles per hour on the highway, you can increase your gas mileage by as much as 15 percent, depending on your car. - Drive at a steady speed. It is more fuel efficient to drive at an even speed than it is to keep speeding up and slowing down. This is true in heavy traffic as well as on the open road. - Stop and start evenly. Gently accelerating reduces gas consumption. Coasting to a stop lets the car's momentum, not its fuel, get you where you want to go. - Don't idle the engine unnecessarily. Contrary to popular belief, turning off and starting an engine uses less gasoline than letting the engine idle for 30 seconds. Stop the engine if it is idling at a drive-up window or in traffic jams. Limit engine warm-ups in winter. - Travel light. The more weight your car carries, the less fuel-efficient it becomes. Take unnecessary items out of the trunk. - Follow your owner's manual. The owner's manual that comes with your car will recommend which grade of gasoline to use, how to shift gears, and other ways you can keep your engine running at maximum environmental and economic efficiency. Maintain your car - Don't remove or tamper with pollution controls. The pollution control equipment on cars helps limit the pollutant emissions at the tailpipe. Removing or tampering with these controls puts more pollution into the air. - Don't overfill or "top off" your car's gas tank. Even if you don't spill gasoline, fumes can escape. They react with nitrogen oxides and sunlight and create smog. - Avoid releasing gas vapors. Gas vapors can harm your health as well as the environment. Many service stations are installing vapor controls on their pumps to help reduce air pollution. While many of the new nozzles have what look like elephant trunks, others look more conventional. 11 - Get regular engine tune-ups and car maintenance checks. Tune-ups improve your gas mileage and car performance. The spark plugs are especially important, because a worn spark plug will cause poor starting, rough idling, and poor gas mileage. - Make sure your tires are properly inflated and your wheels aligned. Doing this can prevent excessive drag and improve fuel economy up to one mile per gallon. - Keep car filters and catalytic converters clean. Dirty air filters increase fuel consumption; and your car's pollution control devices need to be in good working order to be effective. Follow the car manufacturer's guidelines. - Use your car air conditioner wisely. Air conditioning is a drag on your car's engine, reducing gas mileage by as much as 20 percent. On not-so-hot days or while in stop-and-go traffic, roll down your window instead. Have leaks in your car air conditioner fixed by a certified technician using required CFC recycling equipment. - Consider buying fuel efficient cars. When buying a car--new or used--check its posted fuel efficiency and seek the most fuel-efficient, "clean" car in the size category that meets your needs. REDUCING POLLUTION AND CONSERVING RESOURCES AT HOME AND AT WORK - Conserve electricity. Electricity generation can be a major source of air pollution. New home and office oriented technology can help. At home or work you can save electricity by using energy-efficient lighting wherever possible. Replacing a common incandescent light bulb with an energy-efficient compact fluorescent bulb saves 45 watts and 157 kilowatt hours. Make sure that lights and appliances are turned off when not in use. In addition, you should raise the temperature level on your air conditioner a few degrees in summer, and turn down your heat a few degrees in winter. Purchasing energy-efficient appliances will also aid in conserving energy use. Conserving electricity reduces air pollution caused by power plants. - Participate in your local utility's energy conservation programs. Ask your local utility about its customer energy conservation program. If they have one, join up. If they don't, encourage them to start one. - Buy fuel-efficient motorized equipment. If you are buying a power mower or other motorized garden tools, construction or farm equipment, or outboard motors, seek out those that are 12 designed to minimize emissions and reduce spillage when being refueled. - Avoid spilling gas. Take special care to avoid spills and the release of fumes into the air when refueling gasoline-powered lawn, garden, farm and construction equipment, and boats. - Properly dispose of household paints, solvents, and pesticides. Do not pour these chemicals down the drain, into the ground, or put them into the garbage. Call your local environmental agency for information on proper disposal of these products. - Seal containers tightly. Make sure that containers of household cleaners, workshop chemicals and solvents, and garden chemicals are tightly sealed to prevent volatile chemicals from evaporating into the air. Don't leave containers standing open when not in use. - Reduce waste. When you make purchases, consider using products that are durable, reusable, or use less packaging. Repair broken items rather than buying new ones. Recycle and compost potential wastes before they become part of the waste stream. Such actions help reduce the pollutants that might reach the air during the manufacturing process or during the collection and processing of wastes for incineration or landfill disposal. If there is no local recycling program in your community, start one with the help of your neighbors and the local trash collection company. - Use wood stoves and fireplaces wisely and sparingly. If you have a wood stove, learn how to burn cleanly and more efficiently. Remember to burn dry, well-seasoned wood, and build efficient fires that burn hot and clean. Check your stack, clean your chimney, and inspect your catalyst annually. A well maintained and operated stove produces less pollution and is better for the environment. Adhere to local or state regulations about when and where wood stove use is permitted. - Properly dispose of refrigeration and air conditioning equipment. The Clean Air Act prohibits the release into the atmosphere of refrigerants from automobiles and home appliances during the disposal of this equipment. Contact your local government or trash pickup service to find out what procedures are being implemented in your area to ensure the safe disposal of cars and home appliances. In some areas, municipalities arrange for periodic pickups of home appliances that contain refrigerant. In others, it is required that homeowners have the refrigerant removed by a 13 qualified service technician before the appliance can be picked up. - Recycle refrigerant. As of July 1, 1992, individuals are prohibited from knowingly venting refrigerant into the atmosphere while maintaining, servicing, repairing, or disposing of air conditioning or refrigeration equipment. Make sure that the technician who services, repairs, or maintains your refrigerator or air conditioner has recovery equipment to capture any refrigerant that may be released. This refrigerant can later be recycled. Also, when possible, don't just refill leaky air conditioning or refrigeration systems--repair them. GET INVOLVED IN LOCAL EFFORTS TO REDUCE AIR POLLUTION - Let people know you care. One of the driving forces behind reducing air pollution is citizen concern and involvement (as in Denver, for example). As an individual or as a representative of a concerned group, speak up at hearings and let your local public officials know how you feel about air pollution problems in your community. Your state and local environmental agencies can tell you when hearings are held and what agency is responsible for clean air. - Learn about local efforts and issues. Talk to your state environmental agency to find out what it is doing in your area. - Work with a local group. Join a community group that is working to improve air quality. - Report problems. If you think you see an air pollution problem, advise your local or state agency, or the EPA regional office near you. YOU CAN MAKE A DIFFERENCE When environmental scientists talk about air pollution, they talk in terms of millions of tons of pollutants. It is not easy to relate such figures to the smoke that comes out of your chimney or the exhaust coming out of your car. However, even small sources of pollution, when added to hundreds or thousands of other small sources, do harm the environment and are dangerous to your health. If we all do our share to reduce air pollution, the benefits will be tremendous: - If 190,000 car owners started to get regular tune-ups, they will keep some 90 million pounds of carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere. 14 - If each commuter car carries one more passenger, 600,000 gallons of gasoline will be saved and 12 million pounds of carbon dioxide will be kept out of the air. - If consumers set their air conditioners six degrees higher, it will save 190,000 barrels of oil a day--and eliminate all those pollutants that come from burning the oil to produce the electricity involved. SOURCES OF INFORMATION ABOUT AIR POLLUTION IN YOUR COMMUNITY You don't have to rely solely on your own perception of what is happening to the air around you. There are official sources of information--your state and county health department and environmental agencies and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Your state and local agencies will have information about local problems and the State Implementation Plan that has been developed to deal with them. The EPA has available an annual National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Report that includes specific information about air quality standards for specific pollutants and air pollution levels in hundreds of metropolitan areas. Your state or local environmental agency or health department usually has information about specific areas, and local weather reports on television, radio, and in the newspapers frequently include a daily air quality statement. The news media also report air quality concerns expressed by community groups or public agencies. For more information about how you can help keep our air clean, contact the appropriate EPA regional office or your state agency responsible for air quality. These numbers are listed below. You may also contact the Department of Energy or your local power company for publications on energy conservation. STATE AIR QUALITY AGENCIES Department of Department of Environmental Conservation Environmental Management Air Quality Management Section Air Division P.O. Box 0 1751 Cong. W.L.Dickerson Dr. Juneau, AK 99811-1800 Montgomery, AL 36130 Tel: (907)465-5100 Tel: (205)271-7861 Fax: (907)465-5098 Fax: (205)271-7950 or (907)465-5274 15 Department of Environmental Department of Pollution Control and Ecology Quality Air Division Office of Air Quality 8001 National Dr., P.O. Box 9583 P.O. Box 600 Little Rock, AR 72209 Phoenix, AZ 85001-0600 Tel: (501)562-7444 Tel: (602)257-2308 Fax: (501)562-4632 Fax: (602)528-5945 Air Resources Board Department of Health P.O. Box 2815 Air Pollution Control Division Sacramento, CA 95812 4210 East 11th Avenue Tel: (916)445-4383 Denver, CO 80220 Fax: (916)322-6003 Tel: (303)331-8500 Fax: (303)320-4079 Department of Environmental Department of Natural Resources and Protection Environmental Control Bureau of Air Management Div. of Air and Waste Management 165 Capitol Avenue Air Resources Section Hartford, CT 06106 89 Kings Hwy., P.O. Box 1401 Tel: (203)566-2506 Dover, DE 19903 Fax: (203)566-6144 Tel: (302)739-4791 Section Fax: (302)739-5060 Department of Consumer and Department of Environmental Regulation Regulatory Affairs Air Resources Management Environmental Control Division 2600 Blair Stone Road Air Quality Control and Twin Towers Office Building Monitoring Branch Tallahassee, FL 32399-2400 2100 M. Luther King Ave., SE Tel: (904)488-1344 Washington, DC 20020 Fax: (904)487-4938 Tel: (202)404-1120 Fax: (202)404-1188 Dept. of Natural Resources State Dept. of Health Environmental Protection Laboratories Division Division Air Surveillance and Analysis Branch 205 Butler St., SE, Rm 1162 1270 Queen Emma St., Suite 900 Atlanta, GA 30334 Honolulu, HI 96813 Tel: (404)656-6900 Tel: (808)586-4019 Fax: (404)651-9425 Fax: (808)586-3983 Division of Environmental Environmental Protection Agency Quality Div. of Air Pollution Control Air Quality Bureau 2200 Churchill Rd., P.O. Box 19276 1410 N. Hilton, 3rd Floor Springfield, IL 62794-9276 Boise, ID 83706 Tel: (217)782-7326 Tel: (208)334-5898 Fax: (217)782-2465 Fax: (208)334-0417 16 Dept. of Environmental Dept. of Natural Resources Management Air Quality Section Office of Air Management Henry Wallace Bldg., 900 East Grand 105 S. Meridian St., P.O. Box Des Moines, IA 50319 6015 Tel: (515)281-8852 Indianapolis, IN 46206-6015 Fax: (515)281-8895 Tel: (317)232-8384 Fax: (317)232-5539 Dept. of Health and Dept. for Environmental Protection Environment Div. for Air Quality Bureau of Air and Waste 316 St. Clair Mall Management Frankfort, KY 40601 Forbes Field, Building 740 Tel: (502)564-3382 Topeka, KS 66620 Fax: (502)564-3787 Tel: (913)296-1593 Fax: (913)296-6247 Dept. of Environmental Quality Dept. of Environmental Protection Office of Air Quality and Bureau of Air Quality Control Radiation Protection State House, Station 17 Air Quality Division Augusta, ME 04333 P.O. Box 82135 Tel: (207)289-2437 Baton Rouge, LA 70884-2135 Fax: (207)289-7641 Tel: (504)765-0110 Fax: (504)765-0222 Dept. of the Environment Dept. of Environmental Protection Air Management Administration Div. of Air Quality Control 2500 Broening Highway One Winter Street, 8th Floor Baltimore, MD 21224 Boston, MA 02108 Tel: (301)631-3255 Tel: (617)292-5630 Fax: (301)631-3202 Fax: (617)556-1049 Dept. of Natural Resources Pollution Control Agency Air Quality Div. Air Quality Division P.O. Box 30028 520 Lafayette Road North Lansing, MI 48909 St. Paul, MN 55155 Tel: (517)373-7023 Tel: (612)296-7331 Fax: (517)373-1265 Fax: (612)297-1456 Dept. of Environmental Quality Dept. of Natural Resources Office of Pollution Control Div. of Environmental Quality Air Division Air Pollution Control Program P.O. Box 10385 P.O. Box 176 Jackson, MS 39289 Jefferson City, MO 65102 Tel: (601)961-5171 Tel: (314)751-4817 Fax: (601)961-5190 Fax: (314)751-2706 17 Dept. of Health and Dept. of Environmental Control Environmental Sciences Air Quality Control Air Quality Bureau 301 Centennial Mall South, Box 98922 Cogswell Building, Rm. A116 Lincoln, NE 68509-8922 Helena, MT 59620 Tel: (402)471-2189 Tel: (406)444-3454 Fax: (402)471-2909 Fax: (406)444-1374 Div. of Environmental Air Resources Division Protection 64 N. Main St., Caller Box 2033 Bureau of Air Quality Concord, NH 03301 123 West Nye Lane Tel: (603)271-1370 Carson City, NV 89710 Fax: (603)271-1381 Tel: (702)687-5065 Fax: (702)885-0868 Dept. of Environmental New Mexico Environment Dept. Protection and Energy Environmental Protection Div. Div. of Environmental Quality Air Quality Div. Air Program Rm. S2100, P.O. Box 26110 401 East State St., 2nd Floor Harold Runnels Building Trenton, NJ 08625 Santa Fe, NM 87502 Tel: (609)292-6710 Tel: (505)827-0070 Fax: (609)633-6198 Fax: (505)827-0045 New York State Dept. of Dept. of Environment, Health, and Natural Environmental Conservation Resources Div. of Air Resources Air Quality Section 50 Wolf Road P.O. Box 27687 Albany, NY 12233-3250 Raleigh, NC 27611 Tel: (518)457-7230 Tel: (919)733-3340 Fax: (518)457-0794 Fax: (919)733-5317 North Dakota State Dept. of Ohio Environmental Protection Agency Health Div. of Air Pollution Control Div. of Environmental 1800 Watermark Drive Engineering Columbus, OH 43266-0149 1200 Missouri Avenue Tel: (614)644-2270 Rm 304, P.O. Box 5520 Fax: (614)644-2329 Bismarck, ND 58502-5520 Tel: (701)221-5188 Fax: (701)221-5200 Oklahoma State Dept. of Health Oregon Dept. of Environmental Quality Air Quality Service Air Quality Control Div. 1000 NE 10th St., P.O. Box 811 SW 6th Avenue 53551 Portland, OR 97204 Oklahoma City, OK 73152 Tel: (503)229-5287 Tel: (405)271-5220 Fax: (503)229-6124 Fax: (405)271-7339 18 Pennsylvania Dept. of Dept. of Environmental Management Environmental Resources Div. of Air and Hazardous Materials Bureau of Air Quality Control 291 Promenade Street 101 South 2nd Street Providence, RI 02908-5767 Executive House, Room 116 Tel: (401)277-2808 Harrisburg, PA 17105 Fax: (401)277-2017 Tel: (717)787-9702 Fax: (717)772-2303 South Carolina Dept. of Health Dept. of Environment and Natural Resources and Environmental Control Point Source Control Program Bureau of Air Quality Control 523 E. Capitol Ave., Joe Foss Bldg. 2600 Bull Street Pierre, SD 57501 Columbia, SC 29201 Tel: (605)773-3351 Tel: (803)734-4750 Fax: (605)773-6035 Fax: (803)734-4556 Tennessee Dept. of Environment Texas Air Control Board and Conservation 12124 Park 35 Circle Div. of Air Pollution Control Austin, TX 78753 Customs House, 4th Floor Tel: (512)908-1000 701 Broadway Fax: (512)908-1212 Nashville, TN 37243-1531 Tel: (615)741-3931 Fax: (615)741-4666 Dept. of Environmental Quality Agency of Natural Resources Div. of Air Quality Air Pollution Control Div. 1950 West North Temple 103 S. Main St., Bldg. 3 South Salt Lake City, UT 84114-4820 Waterbury, VT 05676 Tel: (801)536-4000 Tel: (802)244-8731 Fax: (801)538-4099 Fax: (802)244-5141 Dept. of Air Pollution Control Washington State Dept. of Ecology P.O. Box 10089 Air Program Richmond, VA 23240 P.O. Box 47600 Tel: (804)786-2378 Olympia, WA 98504-7600 Fax: (804)225-3933 Tel: (206)459-6632 Fax: (206)438-7484 Air Pollution Control Wisconsin Dept. of Natural Resources Commission Bureau of Air Management (AM/10) 1558 Washington St., East P.O. Box 7921 Charleston, WV 25311 Madison, WI 53707 Tel: (304)348-2275 Tel: (608)266-7718 Fax: (304)348-3287 Fax: (608)267-0560 19 Wyoming Air Quality Div. Dept. of Planning and Natural Resources 122 West 25th Street Div. of Environmental Protection Cheyenne, WY 82002 Watergut Homes 1118 Tel: (307)777-7391 Christiansted, St. Croix Fax: (307)777-5973 US VI 00820-5065 Tel: (809)773-0565 Fax: (809)773-3343 or (809)773-9310 Puerto Rico Environmental Environmental Quality Commission Quality Board Governor's Office Air and Water Div. Pago Pago, American Samoa 96799 Del Parque St., #204 Tel: 011(684)633-4116 Corner Pumarada Street Santurce, Puerto Rico 00910 Tel: (809)767-8071 Guam Environmental Protection Agency Complex Unit D-107 130 Rojas Street Harmon, Guam 96911 Tel: 011(671)646-8863 20 EPA REGIONAL OFFICES U.S. EPA - Region 1 U.S. EPA - Region 2 John F. Kennedy Federal Building Jacob K. Javitz Federal Building One Congress Street 26 Federal Plaza Boston, MA 02203 New York, NY 10278 (617)565-3420 (212)264-2301 (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, (New Jersey, New York, Puerto Rico, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont) Virgin Islands) U.S. EPA - Region 3 U.S. EPA - Region 4 841 Chestnut Building 345 Courtland Street, NE Philadelphia, PA 19107 Atlanta, GA 30365 (215)597-9800 (404)347-4727 (Delaware, District of Columbia, (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Mississippi, North Carolina, South West Virginia) Carolina, Tennessee) U.S. EPA - Region 5 U.S. EPA - Region 6 77 West Jackson Boulevard First Interstate Bank Tower at Chicago, IL 60604 Fountain Place (312)353-2000 1445 Ross Avenue, 12th Floor, Suite (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, 1200 Minnesota, Ohio, Wisconsin) Dallas, TX 75202-2733 (214)655-6444 (Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas) U.S. EPA - Region 7 U.S. EPA - Region 8 726 Minnesota Avenue 999 18th Street, Suite 500 Kansas City, KS 66101 Denver, CO 80202-2405 (913)551-7000 (303)293-1603 (Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska) (Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming) U.S. EPA - Region 9 U.S. EPA - Region 10 75 Hawthorne Street 1200 Sixth Avenue San Francisco, CA 94105 Seattle, WA 98101 (415)744-1305 (206)553-4973 (Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada, (Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington) American Samoa, Guam) 21