PART XIII--Proposed New Industry Structure for Air Transportation, Rail Transportation, Water Transportation, Truck Transportation, Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation, Pipeline Transportation, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, and Support Activities for Transportation Section A--NAICS Structure North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Agreement Number 23 This Document represents the proposed agreement on the structure of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) for the following subsectors: Air Transportation Rail Transportation Water Transportation Truck Transportation Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation Pipeline Transportation Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation Support Activities for Transportation The detailed NAICS structure along with a brief description of the structure is attached (Attachments 1 and 2). Each country agrees to release a copy of the proposed NAICS structure to interested data users. Comments received will be shared among the countries and additional discussions will be held before a final decision on the structure is made. Each country may add additional detailed industries, below the 4-digit level of NAICS, as necessary to meet national needs, so long as this additional detail aggregates to a 4-digit NAICS level in order to ensure full comparability among the three countries. This NAICS structure was presented and provisionally accepted at the NAICS Committee meeting held on November 8 and November 9, 1995 in Washington, D.C. Accepted Signature Date Canada /S/ Jacob Ryten 11/9/95 Mexico /S/ Enrique Ordaz 11/9/95 United States /S/ Jack E. Triplett 11/9/95 ATTACHMENT 1--NAICS STRUCTURE XX Air Transportation XXX Scheduled Air Transportation XXXX Scheduled Air Transportation XXX Nonscheduled Air Transportation XXXX Nonscheduled Chartered Air Transportation XXXX Nonscheduled Specialty Air Transportation XX Rail Transportation XXX Rail Transportation XXXX Rail Transportation XX Water Transportation XXX Deep Sea, Coastal and Great Lakes Water Transportation XXXX Deep Sea, Coastal and Great Lakes Water Transportation XXX Inland Water Transportation XXXX Inland Water Transportation XX Truck Transportation XXX General Freight Trucking XXXX General Freight Trucking, Local XXXX General Freight Trucking, Long Distance XXX Specialized Freight Trucking XXXX Used Household and Office Goods Moving XXXX Specialized Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, Local XXXX Specialized Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, Long Distance XX Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation XXX Urban Transit Systems XXXX Urban Transit Systems XXX Interurban and Rural Bus Lines XXXX Interurban and Rural Bus Lines XXX Taxi and Limousine Service XXXX Taxi Service XXXX Limousine Service XXX School and Employee Bus Industry XXXX School and Employee Bus Industry XXX Charter Bus Industry XXXX Charter Bus Industry XXX Other Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation XXXX Other Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation XX Pipeline Transportation XXX Pipeline Transportation of Crude Oil XXXX Pipeline Transportation of Crude Oil XXX Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas XXXX Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas XXX Other Pipeline Transportation XXXX Pipeline Transportation of Refined Petroleum Products XXXX All Other Pipeline Transport XX Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation XXX Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Land XXXX Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Land XXX Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Water XXXX Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Water XXX Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Other XXXX Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Other XX Support Activities for Transportation XXX Support Activities for Air Transportation XXXX Airport Operations XXXX Other Support Activities for Air Transportation XXX Support Activities for Rail Transportation XXXX Support Activities for Rail Transportation XXX Support Activities for Water Transportation XXXX Port and Harbor Operations XXXX Marine Cargo Handling XXXX Navigational Services to Shipping XXXX Other Support Activities for Water Transportation XXX Support Activities for Road Transportation XXXX Motor Vehicle Towing XXXX Other Support Activities for Road Transportation XXX Freight Transportation Arrangement XXXX Freight Transportation Arrangement XXX Storage Facilities XXXX Refrigerated Storage Facilities XXXX Farm Product Storage Facilities XXXX Other Storage Facilities XXX Other Support Activities for Transportation XXXX Other Support Activities for Transportation Attachment 2--North American Industry Classification System Draft Classification for: Air Transportation Rail Transportation Water Transportation Truck Transportation Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation Pipeline Transportation Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation Support Activities for Transportation Representatives of the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico, and the United States agree to a draft industrial classification for these industries. The draft classification provides for the subsectors Air Transportation, Rail Transportation, Water Transportation, Truck Transportation, Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation, Pipeline Transportation, Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation and Support Activities for Transportation. These subsectors are further subdivided into twenty-six industry groups and thirty-nine industries. A General Outline Establishments in the Transportation sector transport people and goods, and provide services to these establishments. The structure distinguishes these two basic types of activities, providing a subsector for each mode of transportation and a subsector for establishments providing support activities for transportation. In addition, there is a subsector for establishments that provide passenger transportation for scenic and sightseeing purposes. The modes of transportation are air, rail, water, trucking, transit and ground passenger, and pipeline. These are further subdivided according to the way in which businesses in each mode organize their establishments. The structure also reflects the degree of similarity of the industrial structures of the three countries. An alternative structure was considered that would group services to a mode of transportation in the same subsector as the establishments carrying out the modal transportation activity. For example, support activities for air transportation would be an industry group in the same subsector as scheduled and nonscheduled air transportation. It was decided not to adopt this approach, because, first, many support activities for transportation are inherently multi-modal, such as freight transportation arrangement, or have multi-modal aspects. Secondly, there are production process similarities among the support activities. In any case, the structure allows the re-aggregation of the modal services with the modes of transportation. In Air Transportation, the classification distinguishes scheduled from nonscheduled air transportation. Establishments included in Scheduled Air Transportation must operate flights even if only partially loaded. Nonscheduled operations also have more freedom to take off and land during non-peak time slots at busy airports. Nonscheduled Air Transportation is subdivided into charter and specialty activities. The former comprises fairly specialized establishments engaged in transporting freight and people, using equipment designed for those purposes. Specialty air transportation establishments use small, general purpose aircraft to provide a variety of specialized flying services, with none predominating (if the establishment is specialized in one activity, it is placed elsewhere in the classification, e.g., a specialist crop dusting establishment is classified in support activities for agriculture). Consideration was given to separating passenger from freight in each of the air transportation industries, but too many establishments provide both services to allow this distinction in a NAICS establishment classification; it is preferable to collect such data using the commodity classification or at the national detail level as the United States will do. The classification does not provide for any subdivision of Rail Transportation. In Mexico, most rail services are currently provided by a large national rail company that cannot be subdivided into establishments carrying out various processes. This is likely to change in the future, but the eventual establishment structure cannot be predicted now. This prevents the definition of any detail in Rail Transportation. In Water Transportation, the underlying industrial structures in the three countries are quite different. In addition, the existing concepts used in national classifications are dissimilar. The only breakdown of water transportation that could be agreed to was inland (other than Great Lakes) and all other. This is a meaningful production process distinction in all countries, but inland shipping is an economically significant activity only in the United States. Each country can use national detail to define additional industrial detail. The Truck Transportation subsector is first subdivided into general freight trucking and specialized freight trucking. Specialized freight transportation is the transportation of articles that, because of size, weight, shape or other inherent characteristics require specialized equipment for transportation. Each of these industry groups is further subdivided based on distance traveled. Local trucking establishments primarily carry goods within a single metropolitan area and its hinterland. Long distance establishments carry goods between metropolitan areas. This distinction reflects differences in equipment used, type of load carried, and scheduling, terminal and other networking services. Long-distance trucking is of particular interest in the context of North American free trade, since it is this group of establishments that will be able to compete internationally. The Specialized Freight Trucking industry group provides an additional industry for the transportation of used household and office goods, whether local or long distance, because such establishments do not specialize on a distance basis, but on the transport of such goods. The Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation subsector includes a variety of passenger transportation activities, such as urban transit systems, taxis and so on. These activities are distinguished based on such process factors as whether routes are scheduled, run over fixed routes, and charged on a per-seat or per-vehicle basis. The Pipeline Transportation subsector is subdivided along product lines because pipelines are designed to carry specific products. Industries have been created to cover the pipeline transportation of crude oil, natural gas, refined petroleum products, and other products. The Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation subsector activities have a production process distinct from passenger transportation carried out for the purpose of transportation. The process does not emphasize efficient transportation; in fact, such activities often use obsolete vehicles such as steam trains, to provide some extra ambience. The activity is local in nature, usually involving a same-day return to the point of departure. Some examples are steam train excursions, urban horse-drawn tourist excursions and hot air balloons. Activities that are sporting in nature, and involve participation by the customer, such as white-water rafting, are generally excluded unless they impose a significant impact on the transportation infrastructure, such as charter fishing, which is included in the Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Water industry. The Support Activities for Transportation subsector includes an industry group for services specific to each mode of transportation, and for the multi-modal activities of freight transportation arrangement, storage facilities and other support activities for transportation. The rental and leasing of transportation equipment, without operator, is included in a separate sector in NAICS. Limitations and Constraints of the Classification In the transportation industries proposed structure, most activities that were identified in one country exist in the others. However, often an activity is not carried out by specialized establishments in all countries. For example, a broad NAICS industry was created for Rail Transportation, because the various activities included here are carried out by the same establishments in Mexico. For those users requiring detailed commodity information, each country will publish information on the products of these industries. Efforts are also underway to harmonize the commodity classifications to allow for greater comparability of these statistics. Relationship to ISIC Most of the NAICS 4-digit industries in these subsectors are contained in ISIC Divisions 60, Land Transport; Transport via Pipelines; Division 61, Water Transport; Division 62, Air Transport; Division 63, Supporting and Auxiliary Transport Activities; Activities of Travel Agencies; and Division 64, Post and Telecommunication Activities, of the current International Standard Industrial Classification of all Economic Activities (ISIC, Revision 3) of the United Nations. Thirty-two of the thirty-nine NAICS 4-digit industries in these subsectors are contained entirely within these divisions. There are, however, some differences between the two systems. NAICS includes the storage of natural gas with the pipeline transportation of natural gas, because the storage is usually done by the pipeline establishments, and because a pipeline is inherently a network in which all the nodes are inter-dependent. ISIC includes the storage of natural gas in Storage and Warehousing. NAICS includes ship repair and maintenance, not done in a shipyard, in Other Support Activities for Water Transportation. An example would be a floating drydock service in a harbour. ISIC includes these in the Building and Repairing of Ships industry in Manufacturing. The five other NAICS industries that cannot be assigned to an ISIC Division without being sub-divided are Nonscheduled Specialty Air Transportation; Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Water; Other Support Activities for Air Transportation; Support Activities for Rail Transportation and Navigational Services to Shipping. ISIC includes some activities in Supporting and Auxiliary Transport Activities that NAICS classifies in other sectors. These include the operation of parking lots and garages and the operation of travel agencies and tour operators. Some Changes to the National Classifications For Canada, the coverage of the NAICS Transportation sector is largely the same as the current Canadian classification's Division G, Transportation and Storage Industries. Air courier activities, in Air Transport Industries in the Canadian Classification, are in the Postal Service and Couriers subsector of NAICS. Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation includes some activities, such as charter fishing, now found in Services. Other Support Activities for Water Transportation includes non-factory ship repairing, now classified in the Shipbuilding and Repair industry in Manufacturing. The Motor Vehicle Towing Industry, in Transportation in NAICS, is in Retail Trade in the Canadian classification. Customs Brokers are in Freight Transportation Arrangement in NAICS but in Business Services in the Canadian classification. The contract maintenance of roads, bridges and tunnels is in Other Service Industries Incidental to Transportation in the Canadian classification, but not in NAICS. Rental and leasing, without operator, of transportation equipment other than motor vehicles is in Transportation in the Canadian classification, but is grouped with the rental and leasing of other equipment in NAICS. The structure of this NAICS subsector is similar to that of the Canadian classification, except that services to transportation are arranged modally in the latter. The amount of detail is similar. For Mexico, the Transportation subsectors are largely the same as the current Mexican classification's Transportation subsector, CMAP 71; which includes Services Related to Land Transport, CMAP 9731; Services Related to Water Transport, CMAP 9732; Services Related to Air Transport, CMAP 9733; and Storage and Refrigeration Services, CMAP 979002. Pipeline Transportation of Crude Oil and Natural Gas is included in CMAP 220000, Extraction of Crude Oil and Natural Gas. Other Pipeline Transportation is included in Manufacturing (parts of CMAP's 351100, Manufacture of Basic Petrochemicals, and 353000, Petroleum Refining). Non- factory repair and maintenance of aircraft is included in Repair and Maintenance in CMAP 961104, Transport Equipment Repair and Maintenance. Customs Brokers are in Freight Transportation Arrangement in NAICS but in subsector 9510, Professional, Technical and Specialized Services, excluding Agricultural Services, in the Mexican classification. The contract maintenance of roads, bridges and tunnels is in Services Related to Land Transport in the Mexican classification, but not in NAICS. Rental and leasing, without operator, of transportation equipment is in Transportation in the CMAP, but is grouped with the rental and leasing of other equipment in NAICS. The structure of NAICS adds pipelines and services to transportation to the Transportation Sector. These activities are in other sectors in CMAP. The amount of detail of these NAICS subsectors is similar to that of the corresponding areas of the Mexican classification. For the United States, the coverage of the Transportation subsectors is largely contained in Division E, Transportation and Public Utilities of the 1987 SIC. While NAICS industries are much broader than the 1987 SIC, the U.S. has maintained most of the 1987 SIC industries in its NAICS 5-digit detail. Air transportation has been separated into industries based on the type of operation - scheduled, charter, specialty. This involves adding an industry for Nonscheduled Specialty Air Transportation that is included in 1987 SIC 4522, Air Transportation, Nonscheduled. This is being added by the U.S. to improve the comparability with Canada and Mexico. NAICS also classifies air ambulance activity in the health sector rather than these subsectors. Marina establishments that are included in 1987 SIC 4493, Marinas, are included in the NAICS Recreation, Amusement, and Gambling subsector. These changes are agreed to by the U.S. to improve international comparability with Mexico and Canada. Truck Transportation is separated first into general freight and specialized freight. This distinction is principally based on the type of vehicle with general freight being hauled by standard vans and containers. General Freight Trucking is then broken down between local and long-distance. Specialized Freight Trucking is separated into Used Household and Office Goods Moving; Specialized Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, Local; and Specialized Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, Long-Distance. The household and office goods movers are separated because of the substantial network of establishments that has developed to deal with local and long-distance moving and the associated storage. In this area, the same establishment provides both local and long-distance services. Other specialized freight establishments generally limit their services to either local or long-distance hauling. This is a change from the existing classifications (1987 SIC 4212, Local Trucking Without Storage; 4213, Trucking, Except Local; and 4214, Local Trucking With Storage) that include storage as a criteria in the classifications. The collection of refuse and garbage is included in 1987 SIC 4212, Local Trucking Without Storage, but this activity will be included in the Utilities subsector. The activities included in 1987 SIC 4215, Courier Services, Except by Air; 1987 SIC 4311, United States Postal Service; and SIC 4513, Air Courier Services, will be included in the NAICS subsectors, Postal Services and Couriers. The remaining mode-specific subsector, Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation, includes commuter transportation and highway-based passenger transportation. In this subsector, the principal splits identify scheduled transportation as separate from nonscheduled transportation. The scheduled transportation industry groups are Urban and Suburban Transit Systems, Interurban and Rural Bus Lines, School and Employee Bus Industry. The nonscheduled industry groups are Charter Bus Industry; Taxi and Limousine Service; and Other Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation. The School and Employee Bus Industry was changed from 1987 SIC 4151, School Buses, to introduce the employee transport that is included in 1987 SIC 4119, Local Passenger Transportation, Not Elsewhere Classified. The Charter Bus industry combines the local and long-distance industries of the existing classification system, 1987 SIC 4141, Local Bus Charter Service, and 4142 Bus Charter Service, Except Local, because the production process and the equipment are similar. The change includes classifying ambulance services, included in 1987 SIC 4119, Local Passenger Transportation, Not Elsewhere Classified, as health services in NAICS. The Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation subsector is separated into three industries based on the mode - land, water, and other. The Support Activities for Transportation subsector includes all services to transportation but is separated by type of mode serviced. In the 1987 SIC, support activities were included in the same major group as the type of mode serviced. The Support Activities for Rail Transportation industry is changed to include all of the services to the rail industry. This classification includes rail related activities included in 1987 SIC 4013, Railroad Switching and Terminal Establishments; SIC 4741, Rental of Railroad Cars; and SIC 4789, Transportation Services, Not Elsewhere Classified. Travel agents and tour operators, currently included in 1987 SIC 4724, Travel Agencies, and SIC 4725, Tour Operators, respectively, will be included in the Management and Support Services subsector in NAICS. Achievement of Objectives The classification meets the objectives for the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). It includes industries that group establishments with similar production processes, that is, it applies the production-oriented economic concept. The hierarchical structure of the classification also follows the production concept at each level. Another objective of the NAICS project is the delineation of service industries. The transportation industries subsectors provide services, so the achievement of a common North American classification, with a reasonable amount of detail, satisfies that objective. The objective of delineating new and emerging industries is not as relevant in this sector as in others, as it is relatively mature in its industrial structure. The industries have high specialization ratios, and they are, in most cases, economically significant in all three countries. The detail (4-digit) level and structure of the classification are balanced in size. This enhances the classification s suitability for sampling, data-publishing and other aspects of survey operations. Finally, while disruptions to time series exist, they have been minimized. The classification achieves comparability for the three participating countries. All countries agree on the detailed definitions of the industries. Section B - Annex United States National Industry Detail As explained in the structure presentation of this notice, for a number of reasons 4-digit industries in the eight NAICS industry subsectors in Part XIII, Section A--Attachment I, contain less detail than is currently in the U.S. SIC system, and less detail than is required to meet important analytical requirements in the U.S. SIC system. The three country agreement on NAICS envisions that each country may develop national detailed industries below the NAICS industry level, so long as the national detail can be aggregated to the NAICS classification, thus assuring full North American comparability. The ECPC is proposing U.S. 5-digit industry detail for the eight NAICS subsectors covered in Part XIII of this notice. For cases where no 5-digit detail is shown, the ECPC is proposing that the NAICS 4-digit industries will also represent the most detailed U.S. industries. TABLE 1 The definitions of status codes are as follows: E-existing industry; N-new industry; R-revised industry; and * means "part of". The abbreviation NEC is used for Not Elsewhere Classified. 1997 NAICS and U.S. description Status Code 1987 SIC Code 1987 SIC description XX Air Transportation XXX Scheduled Air Transportation XXXX Scheduled Air Transportation XXXXX Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation N *4512 Air Transportation, Scheduled (passenger) XXXXX Scheduled Freight Air Transportation N *4512 Air Transportation, Scheduled (freight) XXX Nonscheduled Air Transportation XXXX Nonscheduled Chartered Air Transportation XXXXX Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation N *4522 Air Transportation, Nonscheduled (passenger) XXXXX Nonscheduled Chartered Freight Air Transportation N *4522 Air Transportation, Nonscheduled (freight) XXXX Nonscheduled Specialty Air Transportation N Establishments that use small, general purpose aircraft to provide a variety of specialized flying services, with none of them predominating, such as the following: *0721 *0851 *1382 *4522 *7319 *7335 *7997 *8299 *8713 Crop Planting, Cultivating, and Protecting (crop dusting) Forestry Services (aerial forest fighting) Oil and Gas Field Exploration Services (aerial geophysical exploration) Air Transportation, Nonscheduled (mixed operations) Advertising, Not Elsewhere Classified (aerial advertising) Commercial Photography (aerial photography) Membership Sports and Recreation Clubs (membership aviation clubs) Schools and Educational Services, Not Elsewhere Classified (flight school) Surveying Services (aerial surveying) XX Rail Transportation XXX Rail Transportation XXXX Rail Transportation XXXXX Line-Haul Railroads E 4011 Railroads, Line-Haul Operating XXXXX Short Line Railroads N *4013 Railroad Switching and Terminal Establishments (belt line and logging railroads) XX Water Transportation XXX Deep Sea, Coastal and Great Lakes Water Transportation XXXX Deep Sea, Coastal and Great Lakes Water Transportation XXXXX Deep Sea Freight Transportation E 4412 Deep Sea Foreign Transportation of Freight XXXXX Deep Sea Passenger Transportation R *4481 Deep Sea Transportation of Passengers, Except by Ferry (deep sea activities) XXXXX Coastal and Great Lakes Freight Transportation R 4424 4432 *4492 Deep Sea Domestic Transportation of Freight Freight Transportation on the Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Seaway Towing and Tugboat Services (coastal barge operations) XXXXX Coastal and Great Lakes Passenger Transportation R *4481 *4482 Deep Sea Transportation of Passengers, Except by Ferry (coastal activities) Ferries (coastal and Great Lakes) XXX Inland Water Transportation XXXX Inland Water Transportation XXXXX Inland Water Freight Transportation R 4449 *4492 Water Transportation of Freight, Not Elsewhere Classified Towing and Tugboat Services (inland barge operations) XXXXX Inland Water Passenger Transportation R *4482 *4489 Ferries (inland) Water Transportation of Passengers, Not Elsewhere Classified (water taxi) XX Truck Transportation XXX General Freight Trucking XXXX General Freight Trucking, Local N *4212 *4214 Local Trucking without Storage (general freight) Local Trucking with Storage (general freight) XXXX General Freight Trucking, Long-Distance XXXXX General Freight Trucking, Long-Distance, Truckload N *4213 Trucking, Except Local (general freight, truckload) XXXXX General Freight Trucking, Long-Distance, Less Than Truckload N *4213 Trucking, Except Local (general freight, less than truckload) XXX Specialized Freight Trucking XXXX Used Household and Office Goods Moving N *4212 *4213 *4214 Local Trucking Without Storage (household goods moving) Trucking, Except Local (household goods moving) Local Trucking With Storage (household goods moving) XXXX Specialized Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, Local N *4212 *4214 Local Trucking without Storage (specialized freight) Local Trucking with Storage (specialized freight) XXXX Specialized Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, Long-Distance N *4213 Trucking, Except Local (specialized freight) XX Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation XXX Urban Transit Systems XXXX Urban Transit Systems XXXXX Mixed Mode Transit Systems N *4111 Local and Suburban Transit (mixed mode) XXXXX Commuter Rail Systems N *4111 Local and Suburban Transit (commuter rail) XXXXX Bus and Motor Vehicle Transit Systems N *4111 Local and Suburban Transit (bus and motor vehicle) XXXXX Other Urban Transit Systems N *4111 Local and Suburban Transit (other than mixed mode, commuter rail, and bus and motor vehicle) XXX Interurban and Rural Bus Lines XXXX Interurban and Rural Bus Lines E 4131 Intercity and Rural Bus Transportation XXX Taxi and Limousine Service XXXX Taxi Service E 4121 Taxicabs XXXX Limousine Service N *4119 Local Passenger Transportation, Not Elsewhere Classified (limousine rental with driver and automobile rental with driver) XXX School and Employee Bus Industry XXXX School and Employee Bus Industry R *4151 4119 School Buses Local Passenger Transportation, Not Elsewhere Classified (employee transportation) XXX Charter Bus Industry XXXX Charter Bus Industry R 4141 4142 Local Bus Charter Service Bus Charter Services, Except Local XXX Other Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation XXXX Other Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation XXXXX Special Needs Transportation N *4119 Local Passenger Transportation, Not Elsewhere Classified (special needs transportation) XXXXX All Other Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation R *4111 *4119 Local and Suburban Transit (airport transportation service) Local Passenger Transportation, Not Elsewhere Classified (hearse rental with driver and carpool and vanpool operation) XX Pipeline Transportation XXX Pipeline Transportation of Crude Oil XXXX Pipeline Transportation of Crude Oil E 4612 Crude Petroleum Pipelines XXX Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas XXXX Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas E 4922 Natural Gas Transmission XXX Other Pipeline Transportation XXXX Pipeline Transportation of Refined Petroleum Products E 4613 Refined Petroleum Pipelines XXXX All Other Pipeline Transport E 4619 Pipelines, Not Elsewhere Classified XX Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation XXX Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Land XXXX Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Land N *4119 *4789 *7999 Local Passenger Transportation, Not Elsewhere Classified (cable cars and cog railways, except scenic and amusement and sightseeing buses) Transportation Services, Not Elsewhere Classified (horse-drawn cabs and carriages) Amusement and Recreation Services, Not Elsewhere Classified (scenic railroads) XXX Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Water XXXX Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Water N *4489 Water Transportation of Passengers, Not Elsewhere Classified (airboats, excursion boats, and sightseeing boats) XXX Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Other XXXX Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Other N *4522 Air Transportation, Non-Scheduled (sightseeing planes) *7999 Amusement and Recreation Services, Not Elsewhere Classified (aerial tramways, scenic and amusement) XX Support Activities for Transportation XXX Support Activities for Air Transportation XXXX Airport Operations XXXXX Air Traffic Control N *4581 *9621 Airports, Flying Fields, and Airport Terminal Services (private air traffic control) Regulation and Administration of Transportation Programs (government air traffic control) XXXXX Air Operations, Except Air Traffic Control N *4581 Airports, Flying Fields, and Airport Terminal Services (airfreight handling at airports, hangar operations, airport terminal services, aircraft storage, airports, and flying fields) *4959 Sanitary Services, Not Elsewhere Classified (vacuuming of runways) XXXX Other Support Activities for Air Transportation N *4581 Airports, Flying Fields, and Airport Terminal Services (aircraft servicing and repairing) XXX Support Activities for Rail Transportation XXXX Support Activities for Rail Transportation R *4013 Railroad Switching and Terminal Establishments (all but short line railroads) *4741 Rental of Railroad Cars (grain leveling in railroad cars, grain trimming for railroad equipment, procooling of fruits and vegetables in connection with transportation, and railroad car cleaning, icing, ventilating, and heating) *4789 Transportation Services, Not Elsewhere Classified (car loading and unloading; cleaning of railroad ballasts; dining, parlor, sleeping, and other car operations; and railroad maintenance) XXX Support Activities for Water Transportation XXXX Port and Harbor Operations N *4491 Marine Cargo Handling (dock and pier operations) *4499 Water Transportation Services, Not Elsewhere Classified (seaway and lighthouse operations) XXXX Marine Cargo Handling R *4491 Marine Cargo Handling (all but dock and pier operations) XXXX Navigational Services to Shipping N *4492 *4499 Towing and Tugboat Services (all but barge operations) Water Transportation Services, Not Elsewhere Classified (piloting vessels in and out of harbors and marine salvage) XXXX Other Support Activities for Water Transportation R *4499 *4785 *7699 Water Transportation Services, Not Elsewhere Classified (all but seaway and lighthouse operations, piloting vessels in and out of harbors, and marine salvage) Fixed Facilities and Inspection and Weighing Services for Motor Vehicle Transportation (marine cargo checkers) Repair Shops and Related Services, Not Elsewhere Classified (ship scaling) XXX Support Activities for Road Transportation XXXX Motor Vehicle Towing N *7549 Automotive Services, Except Repair and Carwashes (towing) XXXX Other Support Activities for Road Transportation R 4173 4231 *4785 Terminal and Service Facilities for Motor Vehicle Passenger Transportation Terminal and Joint Terminal Maintenance Facilities for Motor Freight Transportation Fixed Facilities and Inspection and Weighing Services for Motor Vehicle Transportation (all but marine cargo checkers) XXX Freight Transportation Arrangement XXXX Freight Transportation Arrangement E 4731 Arrangement of Transportation of Freight and Cargo XXX Storage Facilities XXXX Refrigerated Storage Facilities R 4222 *4226 Refrigerated Warehousing and Storage Special Warehousing and Storage, Not Elsewhere Classified (fur storage) XXXX Farm Product Storage Facilities E 4221 Farm Product Warehousing and Storage XXXX XXXXX XXXXX Other Storage Facilities General Storage Facilities All Other Storage Facilities R R *4225 4226 General Warehousing and Storage (all but self-storage miniwarehouse warehousing) Special Warehousing and Storage, Not Elsewhere Classified (all but fur storage) XXX Other Support Activities for Transportation XXXX Other Support Activities for Transportation XXXXX Packing and Crating E 4783 Packing and Crating XXXXX All Other Support Activities for Transportation R *4729 *4789 Arrangement of Passenger Transportation, Not Elsewhere Classified (arrangement of carpools and vanpools) Transportation Services, Not Elsewhere Classified (pipeline terminals and stockyards for transportation) TABLE 2 The abbreviation "pt" means "part of". @ means time series break has been created that is greater than 3% of the 1992 revenues for the 1987 industry. The abbreviation NEC is used for Not Elsewhere Classified. 1987 SIC code 1987 SIC description 1997 NAICS and U.S. description 0721 Crop Planting, Cultivating and Protecting Crop dusting when combined with a variety of aircraft-based services Nonscheduled Speciality Air Transportation Other (Included in the Crop Production subsector) 0851 Forestry Services Aerial forest fighting when combined with a variety of aircraft-based services Nonscheduled Speciality Air Transportation Other (Included in the Forestry subsector) 1382 Oil and Gas Field Exploration Services Aerial geophysical exploration combined with a variety of aircraft-based services Nonscheduled Speciality Air Transportation Other (Included in the Mining subsector) 4011 Railroads, Line-haul Operating Line-Haul Railroads 4013@ Railroad Switching and Terminal Establishments Beltline and logging railroads Short Line Railroads Other Support Activities for Rail Transportation (pt.) 4111@ Local and Suburban Transit Mixed mode transit systems Mixed Mode Transit Systems Commuter rail systems Commuter Rail Systems Bus and motor vehicle transit systems Bus and Motor Vehicle Transit Systems Other urban transit systems Other Urban Transit Systems Airport limousine transportation All Other Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation (pt) 4119@ Local Passenger Transportation, Not Elsewhere Classified Ambulances Ambulance Service (Included in Health and Social Assistance sector) Employee transportation School and Employee Bus Industry (pt.) Sightseeing buses and cable and cog railways, except scenic Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation , Land (pt.) Special needs transportation Special Needs Transportation Hearse rental with driver and carpool and vanpool operations Automobile rental with driver and limousine rental with driver All Other Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation (pt) Limousine Service 4121 Taxicabs Taxicabs Taxi Service 4131 Intercity and Rural Bus Transportation Interurban and Rural Bus Lines 4141@ Local Charter Bus Service Local charter bus service Charter Bus Industry (pt.) 4142@ Bus Charter Service, Except Local Long-distance charter bus service Charter Bus Industry (pt.) 4151 School Buses School and Employee Bus Industry (pt..) 4173@ Terminal and Service Facilities for Motor Vehicle Passenger Transportation Independent bus terminals Other Support Activities for Road Transportation (pt..) 4212@ Local Trucking Without Storage Garbage collection Garbage Collection (Included in subsector related to sanitary services) Local general freight trucking without storage General Freight Trucking, Local (pt.) Household goods moving without storage Used Household and Office Goods Moving (pt.) Local specialized freight trucking without storage Specialized Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, Local (pt.) 4213@ Trucking, Except Local Long-distance truckload general freight trucking General Freight Trucking, Long-Distance, Truckload Long-distance less than truckload general freight trucking General Freight Trucking, Long-Distance, Less Than Truckload Long-distance household goods moving Used Household and Office Goods Moving (pt.) Long-distance specialized freight trucking Specialized Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, Long-Distance 4214@ Local Trucking with Storage Local general freight trucking with storage General Freight Trucking, Local (pt.) Local household goods moving Used Household and Office Goods Moving (pt.) Local specialized freight trucking with storage Specialized Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, Local 4215@ Couriers Services Except by Air Courier services Except by Air Courier Services (Included in Couriers subsector) 4221 Farm Product Warehousing and Storage Farm Product Storage Facilities 4222 Refrigerated Warehousing and Storage Refrigerated Storage Facilities (pt.) 4225 General Warehousing and Storage General Warehousing and Storage Self-Storage Miniwarehouse Warehousing General Storage Facilities (pt) Operators of Miniwarehouses (included in Real Estate subsector) 4226 Special Warehousing and Storage, Not Elsewhere Classified Fur storage Other Refrigerated Storage Facilities (pt.) All Other Storage Facilities 4231@ Terminal and Joint Terminal Maintenance Facilities for Motor Freight Transportation Independent truck terminals Other Support Activities for Road Transportation (pt.) 4311@ United States Postal Service United States Postal Service Postal Services (Included in Postal Services subsector) 4412 Deep Sea Foreign Transportation of Freight Deep Sea Freight Transportation 4424@ Deep Sea Domestic Transportation of Freight Coastal freight operations Coastal and Great Lakes Freight Transportation (pt.) 4432@ Freight Transportation on the Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Seaway Great Lakes freight operations Coastal and Great Lakes Freight Transportation (pt.) 4449 Water Transportation of Freight, Not Elsewhere Classified Inland Water Freight Transportation (pt.) 4481 Deep Sea Transportation of Passengers, Except by Ferry Deep sea passenger transportation Costal and Great Lakes passenger transportation Deep Sea Passenger Transportation Coastal and Great Lakes Passenger Transportation (pt.) 4482@ Ferries Coastal and Great Lakes ferries Coastal and Great Lakes Passenger Transportation (pt.) Inland water ferries Inland Water Passenger Transportation (pt.) 4489 Water Transportation of Passengers, Not Elsewhere Classified Water taxis Airboats, excursion boats, and sightseeing boats Inland Water Passenger Transportation (pt.) Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Water 4491 Marine Cargo Handling Dock and pier operations Other Port and Harbor Operations (pt.) Marine Cargo Handling 4492@ Towing and Tugboat Services Coastal and Great Lakes barge operations Coastal and Great Lakes Freight Transportation (pt.) Inland water barge operations Inland Water Freight Transportation (pt.) Other Navigational Services to Shipping (pt.) 4493@ Marinas Marinas Marinas (Included in Recreation, Amusement, and Gambling subsector) 4499@ Water Transportation Services, Not Elsewhere Classified Boat rental Seaway and lighthouse operations Boat rental (Included in Rental and Leasing subsector) Port and Harbor Operations (pt.) Marine salvage and piloting vessels in and out of harbors Navigational Services to Shipping (pt.) Other Other Supporting Activities for Water Transportation (pt.) 4512 Air Transportation, Scheduled Scheduled passenger air transportation Scheduled freight air transportation Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation Scheduled Freight Air Transportation 4513@ Air Courier Services Air courier operations Couriers and Messengers (Included in Couriers subsector) 4522@ Air Transportation, Nonscheduled Air ambulance Nonscheduled charter freight air transportation Ambulance Services (Included in Health and Social Assistance sector) Nonscheduled Chartered Freight Air Transportation Nonscheduled charter passenger air transportation Nonscheduled specialty air transportation Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation Nonscheduled Specialty Air Transportation Sightseeing airplanes Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation , Other (pt.) 4581 Airports, Flying Fields, and Airport Terminal Services Air traffic control Air Traffic Control Airfreight handling at airports, hangar operations, airport terminal services, aircraft storage, airports, and flying fields Airport Operations, Except Air Traffic Control Other Other Support Activities for Air Transportation 4612 Crude Petroleum Pipelines Pipeline Transportation of Crude Oil 4613 Refined Petroleum Pipelines Pipeline Transportation of Refined Petroleum Products 4619 Pipelines, Not Elsewhere Classified All Other Pipeline Transport 4724@ Travel Agents Travel agents Travel Agencies (Included in Management and Support Services subsector) 4725@ Tour Operators Tour operators Tour Operators (Included in Management and Support Services subsector) 4729@ Arrangement of Passenger Transportation, Not Elsewhere Classified Arrangement of carpools and vanpools All Other Support Activities for Transportation (pt.) Other (Included in Management and Support Services subsector) 4731 Arrangement of Transportation of Freight and Cargo Freight rate auditors and tariff consultants Other Other Management Consulting Services (Included in Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services subsector) Freight Transportation Arrangement 4741@ Rental of Railroad Cars Railcar rental Other Railroad Car Rental (Included in Rental and Leasing subsector) Support Activities for Rail Transportation (pt.) 4783 Packing and Crating Packing and Crating 4785 Fixed Facilities and Inspection and Weighing Services for Motor Vehicle Transportation Marine cargo checkers Other Other Support Activities for Water Transportation (pt.) Other Support Activities for Road Transportation (pt.) 4789 Transportation Services, Not Elsewhere Classified Pipeline terminals and stockyards for transportation Horse-drawn cabs and carriages All Other Support Activities for Transportation (pt.) Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Land (pt.) Other Support Activities for Rail Transportation (pt.) 4922 Natural Gas Transmission Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas 4959 Sanitary Services, Not Elsewhere Classified Vacuuming of airport runways Airport Operations, Except Air Traffic Control Other (Included in subsector related to sanitary services) 7319 Advertising , Not Elsewhere Classified Aerial advertising when combined with a variety of aircraft-based services Nonscheduled Specialty Air Transportation Other (Included in the Professional, Scientific and Technical Services subsector) 7335 Commercial Photography Aerial photography when combined with a variety of aircraft-based services Nonscheduled Specialty Air Transportation Except when combined with a variety of aircraft-based services Commercial Photography (Included in the Professional, Scientific and Technical Services subsector) 7549 Automotive Services, Except Repair and Carwashes Motor Vehicle Towing Motor Vehicle Towing Except Motor Vehicle Towing (Included in the Repair and Maintenance subsector) 7699 Repair Shops and Related Services, Not Elsewhere Classified Ship scaling Other Supporting Activities for Water Transportation Other (Included in Repair and Maintenance subsector) 7997 Membership Sports and Recreation Clubs Membership aviation clubs when combined with a variety of aircraft-based services Nonscheduled Specialty Air Transportation Other (Included in the Recreation, Amusement, and Gambling subsector) 7999 Amusement and Recreation Services, Not Elsewhere Classified Aerial tramways, scenic and amusement Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Other Scenic railroads Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Land Other (Included in the Recreation, Amusement, and Gambling subsector) 8299 Schools and Educational Services, Not Elsewhere Classified Flight schools when combined with a variety of aircraft-based services Nonscheduled Specialty Air Transportation Other (Included in the Education Services subsector) 8713 Surveying Services Aerial surveying when combined with a variety of aircraft-based services Nonscheduled Specialty Air Transportation Other (Included in the Professional, Scientific and Technical Services subsector) 9621 Regulation and Administration of Transportation Programs Government air traffic control Air Traffic Control Other (Included in Public Administration subsector) Description of Changes to the U.S. System 1. Air Transportation - There are five new classifications added to the 1997 industry structure for this subsector. New industries are the following: Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation from part of 1987 SIC 4512, Air Transportation, Scheduled. Scheduled Freight Air Transportation from part of 1987 SIC 4512, Air Transportation, Scheduled. Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation from part of 1987 SIC 4522, Air Transportation, Nonscheduled. Nonscheduled Chartered Freight Air Transportation from part of 1987 SIC 4522, Air Transportation, Nonscheduled. Nonscheduled Specialty Air Transportation establishments that use small, general purpose aircraft to provide a variety of specialized flying services, with none of them predominating, from parts of 1987 SIC 0721, Crop Planting, Cultivating, and Protecting; 1987 SIC 0851, Forestry Services; 1987 SIC 1382, Oil and Gas Field Exploration Services; 1987 SIC 4522, Air Transportation, Nonscheduled; 1987 SIC 7319, Advertising, Not Elsewhere Classified; 1987 SIC 7335, Commercial Photography; 1987 SIC 7997, Membership Sports and Recreation Clubs; 1987 SIC 8299, Schools and Educational Services, Not Elsewhere Classified; and 1987 SIC 8713, Surveying Services. The changes to air transportation to separate passenger transportation from freight transportation were requested by the industry and are supported by production-based principles. 2. One new industry has been added for Rail Transportation. Short Line Railroads was created from part of 1987 SIC 4013, Railroad Switching and Terminal Establishments. This change was made because of the differences in the production process between short line and line-haul railroads.. 3. Water Transportation - The Water Transportation subsector now includes six industries, five of which have been revised from 1987. Deep Sea Passenger Transportation now excludes coastal activities. Coastal and Great Lakes Freight Transportation includes 1987 SIC 4424, Deep Sea Domestic Transportation of Freight; 1987 SIC 4432, Freight Transportation on the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway; and part of 1987 SIC 4492, Towing and Tugboat Services. Coastal and Great Lakes Passenger Transportation now includes part of 1987 SIC 4481, Deep Sea Transportation of Passenger, Except by Ferry, and part of 1987 SIC 4482, Ferries. Inland water transportation has been split between freight and passenger transportation. These changes were made to achieve international comparability with Canada and Mexico and to also recognize the split between freight and passenger transportation. 3. Truck Transportation - The trucking industry has been redefined in terms of the type of equipment used. This regroups 1987 SIC 4212, Local Trucking Without Storage; 1987 SIC 4213, Trucking, Except Local; and 1987 SIC 4214, Local Trucking with Storage. The new classifications are: General Freight Trucking Local; General Freight Trucking, Long-Distance, Truckload; General Freight Trucking, Long-Distance, Less than Truckload; Used Household and Office Goods Moving; Specialized Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, Local; and Specialized Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, Long-Distance. This change was requested by the industry and is supported on production-based principles. 4. Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation - There were four industries created from 1987 SIC 4111, Local and Suburban Transit. They are: Mixed Mode Transit Systems, Commuter Rail Systems, Bus and Motor Vehicle Transit Systems, and Other Urban Transit Systems. These classifications were identified to separate the industry based on the mode of transportation. Limousine Service was created from part of 1987 SIC 4119, Local Passenger Transportation, Not Elsewhere Classified. This industry was created from an NEC industry to recognize its production process and to group it in the same industry group as taxis, an industry that provides similar services, with a similar production process. Special Needs Transportation was created from part of 1987 SIC 4119, Local Passenger Transportation, Not Elsewhere Classified. This industry identifies a separate process involving the use of specially equipped vehicles and special services not found in other passenger transportation. A residual industry, All Other Transit and Ground Passenger Transportation, was created from part of 1987 SIC 4111, Local and Suburban Transit; and part of 1987 SIC 4119, Local Passenger Transportation, Not Elsewhere Classified. 5. Pipeline Transportation - There were no changes to these industries for NAICS 6. Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation - Three new industries were created for this subsector as follows: Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Land from part of 1987 SIC 4119, Local Passenger Transportation, Not Elsewhere Classified; part of 1987 SIC 4789, Transportation Services Not Elsewhere Classified; and part of 1987 SIC 7999, Amusement and Recreation Services, Not Elsewhere Classified. Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Water from 1987 SIC 4489, Water Transportation of Passengers, Not Elsewhere Classified. Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Other from part of 1987 SIC 4522, Air Transportation, non-scheduled, and part of 1987 SIC 7999, Amusement and Recreation Services, Not Elsewhere Classified. These industries were agreed to by the U.S. to improve international comparability with Mexico and Canada, and because scenic and sightseeing involves different activities from other forms of transportation, as noted in Section A. 7. Support Activities for Transportation - Three new industries have been created for Support Activities for Air Transportation. Activities included in 1987 SIC 4581, Airports, Flying Fields and Airport Terminal Services, are now included in three new industries: Air Traffic Control also including government operations included in 1987 SIC 9621, Regulation and Administration of Transportation Programs; Air Operations, Except Air Traffic Control; and Other Support Activities for Air Transportation. Air Operations, Except Air Traffic Control also includes runway vacuuming included in 1987 SIC 4959, Sanitary Services, Not Elsewhere Classified. These changes improve comparability with Mexico and Canada and are supported based on production principles. Two new industries are included in Support Activities for Water Transportation. These are Port and Harbor Operations and Navigational Services to Shipping. Port and Harbor Operations is a combination of dock and pier activities formerly included in 1987 SIC 4491, Marine Cargo Handling, and part of 1987 SIC 4499, Water Transportation Services, Not Elsewhere Classified (lighthouse and seaway operations). Navigational Services to Shipping is a combination of the activities from 1987 SIC 4492, Towing and Tugboat Services (all but the barge activities), and 1987 SIC 4499, Water Transportation Services, Not Elsewhere Classified (piloting vessels in and out of harbors and marine salvage). These changes were made to improve international comparability. In Support Activities for Road Transportation, Motor Vehicle Towing has been created from part of 1987 SIC 7549, Automotive Services, Except Repair and Carwashes. This activity was moved from automotive services because the processes are similar to transportation activities. Other changes include the combination of activities from 1987 SIC 4173, Terminal and Service Facilities for Motor Vehicle Passenger Transportation; other road services from 1987 SIC 4231, Terminal and Joint Terminal Maintenance Facilities for Motor Freight Transportation; and most of the activities included in 1987 SIC 4785, Fixed Facilities and Inspection and Weighing Services for Motor Vehicle Transportation (all but marine cargo checkers). The new industry, Other Support Activities for Road Transportation, was created because the production process of these activities is similar regardless of the input that produces these services. The number of industries in this sector has increased from forty-five in 1987 to fifty-four in 1997. For time series linkage twelve of the forty-five 1987 industries are directly comparable. Another twelve are comparable within three percent of the 1997 industries. Yet another four 1987 industries have changes that resulted in twelve 1997 NAICS industries that can be summed for comparable classifications.