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Summary
Purpose:
To determine the demography and movements of the endangered Akepa and Hawaii
Creeper.

Abstract:
Populations of the endangered Akepa (Loxops coccineus coccineus) and Hawaii
Creeper (Oreomystis mana) at four sites on the island of Hawaii. Mean monthly
density (+/-) of Akepa was 5.74 +/- 0.87, 1.35 +/-0.41, 0.96 +/- 0.13, and ... 0.76
+/- 0.12 Akepa/ha at Kau Forest, Hamakua, Keauhou Ranch, and Kilauea Forest
study areas, respectively. Hawaii creepers were found at densities of 1.68 +/-
0.53, 1.79 +/- 0.42, 0.48 +/- 0.06, and 0.54 +/- 0.08 birds /ha, respectively ,
at the four study areas. Highest capture rates and numbers of birds counted
from stations occurred from August through November and February through March.
Hatching-year birds were captured from May through December for Akepa and
April through December for Hawaii Creeper. Annual survival for adults at
Keauhou Ranch was 0.70 +/- 0.27 SE fro 61 Akepa and 0.73 +/- 0.12 SE for 49
Hawaii Creepers. Lowest rates of mortality and emigration occurred between May
and August. Both species appeared to defend Type-B territories typical of
cardueline finches, retained mates for more than one year, and showed strong
philopatry. Home ranges for Hawaii Creepers ( x = 7.48 ha) were larger than
those for Akepa (x = 3.94 ha). No difference was found between home range
sizes of males and females for either species.

Geographic Description:
Hawaii Creepers and Akepa were studied at four sites on the island of
Hawaii. The Keauhou Ranch study area (19.50, 155.33; 1800 m elevation) had a
discontinuous canopy dominated by ohia and naio (Myoporum sandwicense) and had
a long history of grazing by cattle and logging for koa and ohia. A 16-ha grid
marked at 50-m intervals was established at this wet (ca 2000 mm annual
rainfall) forest site. The 16-ha Kilauea Forest study area (19 .52, 155.32;
1600-1650 m) was in a relatively pristine, closed-canopy, wet forest dominated
by 20-30m tall koa and 15-25 m tall ohia trees, and was approximately 1.8 km NW
of the Keauhou Ranch study area. This site was described in detail by
Mueller-Dombois et al. (1981).. The 50-ha Hamakua study area near mor
continuous canopy and an almost complete lack of native understory plants
because of intensive grazing by cattle The 50-ha Kau Forest study area (19.22,
155.65; 1750 m) had a closed canopy of ohia and a largely ungrazed understory
of kolea (Myrsine lessertiana), olapa (Cheirodendron trigynum), kawau (Ilex
anomala), and native ferns. 1.5.2 Bounding Rectangle Coordinates

Methodology:
Estimated densities of Hawaii Creepers and Akepa at each of the four study
areas by the variable circular-plot method (Reynolds et al. 1980, Ramsey and
Scott 1979) during eight min count periods as described in Ralph (1981).

Geographic Coverage Spatial coordinates   

N: 19.0

S: 19.0

E: -155.0

W: -155.0

Data Set Citation

Dataset Creator: C. John Ralph, Steven G. Fancy Dataset Title: Demography and movements of the endangered Akepa and Hawaii creeper Dataset Release Date: 1994 Dataset Release Place: Hawaii National Park, HI Dataset Publisher: National Biological Survey, Hawaii Field Station Online Resource: http://elibrary.unm.edu/sora/Wilson/v106n04/p0615-p0628.pdf

Temporal Coverage

Start Date: 1976-11-01 Stop Date: 1982-01-31

Location Keywords

OCEAN > PACIFIC OCEAN > CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN > HAWAIIAN ISLANDS CONTINENT > NORTH AMERICA CONTINENT > NORTH AMERICA > UNITED STATES OF AMERICA > HAWAII

Science Keywords

BIOSPHERE > ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS > SPECIES/POPULATION INTERACTIONS > ENDANGERED SPECIES BIOSPHERE > ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS > SPECIES/POPULATION INTERACTIONS > MIGRATORY RATES/ROUTES BIOSPHERE > ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS > SPECIES/POPULATION INTERACTIONS > POPULATION DYNAMICS BIOSPHERE > TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS > FORESTS BIOSPHERE > TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS > ISLANDS BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION > ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES > BIRDS

ISO Topic Category

BIOTA

Access Constraints

none

Use Constraints

none

Ancillary Keywords

8 MINUTE COUNT PERIODS AKEPA AVES BIRD CAPTURE BIRD IDENTIFICATION CHORDATA COUNT STATIONS DEMOGRAPHY FRINGILLIDAE HAMAKUA STUDY AREA HAWAII HAWAII CREEPER HI KAU FOREST KEAUHOU RANCH KILAUEA FOREST LOXOPS LOXOPS COCCINEUS COCCINEUS MIST NETS MOVEMENTS OREOMYSTIS OREOMYSTIS MANA PASSERIFORMES PUA AKALA SEX DETERMINATION SONGS SURVEY OF COLOR-BANDED BIRDS VARIABLE CIRCULAR-PLOT METHOD

Data Set Progress

COMPLETE

Originating Center

USGS/BRD/PIERCE

Data Center

Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Biological Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior Data Center URL: http://biology.usgs.gov/pierc/ Data Center Personnel Name: RONALD E. KERNER Phone: 808-985-6077 Fax: 808-967-8568 Email: ron_kerner at usgs.gov Contact Address: Biological Resources Division Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center U.S. Geological Survey Kilauea Field Station P.O. Box 44 City: Hawaii National Park Province or State: Hawaii Postal Code: 96718 Country: USA

Personnel

STEVEN G. FANCY Role: TECHNICAL CONTACT Phone: (970) 225-3571 Email: steve_fancy at nps.gov Contact Address: National Park Service Natural Resource Information Division 1201 Oak Ridge Drive, Suite 150 City: Fort Collins Province or State: CO Postal Code: 80525-5589 Country: USA TYLER B. STEVENS Role: DIF AUTHOR Phone: (301) 614-6898 Fax: 301-614-5268 Email: Tyler.B.Stevens at nasa.gov Contact Address: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Global Change Master Directory City: Greenbelt Province or State: MD Postal Code: 20771 Country: USA

Related URL

Link: VIEW EXTENDED METADATA Description: National Biological Information Infrastructure metadata clearinghouse. Link to this site to view additional data set documentation.

Publications/References
C. John Ralph and Steven G. Fancy. 1994. Demography and movements of the
endangered Akepa and Hawaii Creeper, Willson Bull., 106(4), pp. 615-628

Reynolds, R.T., J.M. Scott, and R.A. Nussbaum. 1980. A variable circular-plot
method for estimating bird numbers, Condor, 82, pp. 309-313.

Kepler, C.B. and J.M. Scott. 1981. Reducing bird count variability by ... training
observers, Stud. Avian Biol.,6, pp. 366-371.

Pyle, P., S.N.G. Howell, R.P. Yunick, and D.F. DeSante. 1987. Identification
guide to North American paasserines, Slate Creek Press, Bolinas, California,
278 p.

C. John Ralph and Steven G. Fancy. 1994. Timing of breeding and molting in six
species of Hawaiian honeycreepers, Condor, 96, pp. 151-161.

Creation and Review Dates

Last DIF Revision Date: 2005-02-16

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