Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model Rev 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 October 2001 1. PURPOSE The purpose of the flow boundary conditions analysis is to provide specified-flux boundary conditions for the saturated zone (SZ) site-scale flow and transport model. This analysis is designed to use existing modeling and analysis results as the basis for estimated groundwater flow rates into the SZ site-scale model domain, both as recharge at the upper (water table) boundary and as underflow at the lateral boundaries. The objective is to provide consistency at the boundaries between the SZ site-scale flow model and other groundwater flow models. The scope of this analysis includes extraction of the volumetric groundwater flow rates simulated by the SZ regional-scale flow model to occur at the lateral boundaries of the SZ site-scale flow model and the internal qualification of the regional-scale model for use in this analysis model report (AMR). In addition, the scope includes compilation of information on the recharge boundary condition taken from three sources: 1) distributed recharge as taken from the SZ regionalscale flow model, 2) recharge below the area of the unsaturated zone (UZ) site-scale flow model, and 3) focused recharge along the Fortymile Wash channel. Revision 00 of this analysis was governed by the OCRWM work direction and planning document entitled Development of Flow Boundary Conditions for SZ Flow and Transport Model (CRWMS M&O 1999a). The technical scope, content, and management of ICN 01 to this AMR is governed by Rev. 02 of the Technical Work Plan for Saturated Zone Flow and Transport Modeling and Testing (BSC 2001c). Addendum N to this technical work plan controls the internal data qualification included in ICN 01 to this AMR. The scope for the to be verified (TBV) resolution actions in this ICN is described in the Technical Work Plan for: Integrated Management of Technical Product Input Department (BSC 2001b, Addendum B, Section 4.1). 2. QUALITY ASSURANCE The applicability of the YMP quality assurance program to the activities reported in Revision 00 of this AMR is documented in an activity evaluation (Wemheuer 1999) conducted per QAP-2-0, Conduct of Activities. The activity evaluation applicable to ICN 01 of this AMR is documented in Rev. 02 of the Technical Work Plan for Saturated Zone Flow and Transport Modeling and Testing (BSC 2001c, Addendum M). The applicable implementing procedures are defined in the OCRWM work direction and planning document Development of Flow Boundary Conditions for SZ Flow and Transport Model (CRWMS M&O 1999a). 3. COMPUTER SOFTWARE AND MODEL USAGE The following industry standard software was used in this analysis and documentation: Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 6 of 32 October 2001 Excel 97-SR-1 Used for spreadsheet calculations. Specific applications are discussed in Section 6 of this report. Exel 97-SR-1 is an exempt software product in accordance with APSI. 1Q, Software Management. Surfer 6.03 Used for plotting and visualization of analysis results in the figures shown in this report. 3.1. RECHARGE No controlled software codes are used to synthesize the estimates of recharge for the boundary conditions of the SZ site-scale model. A Microsoft Excel spreadsheet is used to combine the components of the recharge model. 3.1.1. Distributed Recharge A set of software routines is developed and used to extract the distributed recharge from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) SZ regional-scale flow model and write the values of recharge for input to the SZ site-scale flow model. The software routines xread_distr_rech.f (version 1.0) and xread_distr_rech_-uz.f (version 1.0) are documented in Section 6 of this report and in Attachments I and II, respectively. 3.1.2. Recharge From UZ Site-Scale Model Area A Microsoft Excel spreadsheet is used to perform calculations and unit conversions of data extracted from the output files of the UZ site-scale flow model. In order to combine the output from the UZ site-scale flow model with the other components of the recharge model, the location coordinates from the UZ model (see Assumptions, Section 5.1.2) are converted from the Nevada State Plane coordinate system to the UTM coordinate system with the exempt routine Corpscon, Version 5.11. The accuracy of this routine is documented in Attachment VI. 3.1.3. Focused Recharge From Fortymile Wash A software routine is used to designate the value of recharge from Fortymile Wash and superimpose this value on the distributed recharge from the USGS SZ regional-scale flow model. The software routine xread_reaches.f (version 1.0xxx) is documented in Section 6 of this report and in Attachment III. A software routine is used to superimpose the values of recharge from the three recharge components for use in the SZ site-scale flow model. The software routine Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 7 of 32 October 2001 xwrite_flow_new.f (version 1.0xxx) is documented in Section 6 of this report and in Attachment IV. 3.2. LATERAL BOUNDARIES A Microsoft Excel spreadsheet is used to compile simulated groundwater flux values from the USGS Death Valley regional-scale flow model. The regional scale model results are calculated using the MODFLOWP computer code. The executable file Modflowp and a set of input files were obtained from the Technical Data Management System (TDMS) directory GS960808312144.003/milrep/finalmod/ and copied to a Sun workstation. All files needed to perform the analyses in this AMR were obtained from TDMS out of data tracking number (DTN) GS960808312144.003. As discussed in Section 4, this DTN has been internally qualified for use in this AMR. In order to extract flow terms from the output of MODFLOWP for the lateral boundaries of the SZ site-scale model, the routine extract.f (version 1.0) was developed. The routine is documented in Section 6 of this report and in Attachment V. 4. INPUTS Input information used in this analysis comes from several sources that are summarized in Table 4-1. DTN GS960808312144.003, which documents inputs and outputs from the USGS Death Valley regional groundwater flow model (D’Agnese et al. 1997), was internally qualified for use in this report in accordance with AP 3.10Q, Rev. 02, ICN 04, ECN 01, Analyses and Models. That qualification is documented in Attachment VII of this report. Recharge data from the UZ site-scale flow model is unqualified output from a preliminary YMP model and is assumed to be reasonably representative of site conditions. This use of UZ model data is further discussed in Section 5.1.2. Focused recharge data for Fortymile Wash were separately qualified (BSC 2001a) in accordance with AP-SIII.2Q, Rev. 0, ICN 3, Qualification of Unqualified Data and the Documentation of Rationale for Accepted Data. Table 4-1. Input Data Sources Data Set Data Description Data Tracking Number Data Type Data Status Distributed Recharge File: “rchp” Recharge input file from USGS SZ regional-scale flow model GS960808312144.003 Developed Internally Qualified Recharge from UZ Site-Scale Model Area Files: “mnaqb_p.out” and “mesh_bas.2k” Output files from UZ site-scale flow model containing outflow to SZ and mesh location coordinates See Assumptions Section 5.1.2 Developed Assumption Focused Recharge from Fortymile Wash Estimates of recharge along four reaches of Fortymile Wash MO0102DQRGWREC.001 Developed Qualified Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 8 of 32 October 2001 Groundwater Flow at Lateral Boundaries Files: “modflowp”, “aap.fix2,” “baspcnst.pahdvfix 5,” “bcfp2,” “cnsthd1new,” “cnsthd2new,” “cnsthd3new,” “drnp,” “dvparwel14,” “etmpar,” “flows.new,” “ghbp4,” “heads.sum5.spr,” “lay1str170.asc,” “lay2str170.asc,” “lay3str170.asc,” “newfinnd.evt,” “otc,” “pcg2,” “rchp,” “rechs13fix3.asc,” and “welp” MODFLOWP executable and input files from USGS SZ regional-scale flow model GS960808312144.003 Developed Internally Qualified Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 9 of 32 October 2001 5. ASSUMPTIONS 5.1. RECHARGE In the analysis presented in this report it is assumed that the three components of recharge (i.e., distributed recharge, recharge from the UZ site-scale model area, and focused recharge from Fortymile Wash) considered in the analysis provide a reasonable estimate of the magnitude and spatial pattern of recharge, when combined. In particular, it is assumed that the resulting estimate of groundwater recharge is suitable and adequate for the purposes of flow model calibration for the SZ site-scale flow model. Although the estimates of recharge for the three different components of the recharge analysis were derived by different methods, it is assumed that the results are sufficiently consistent for the purposes of the combined recharge model in the SZ site-scale flow model. This assumption is supported by the observation that the total volumetric flow rate of recharge is a relatively small fraction of the total volumetric groundwater flow rate through the SZ site-scale model domain from the lateral boundaries of the model, as shown in Sections 7.1 and 7.2 of this report. 5.1.1. Distributed Recharge The pattern of distributed recharge is taken from the SZ regional-scale flow model (DTN GS960808312144.003), which is constructed with a grid resolution of 1500 m. It is assumed that this relatively coarse resolution is adequate for use at the higher resolution of the SZ site-scale flow model. All of the underlying assumptions embodied in the recharge model for the SZ regional-scale flow model (D’Agnese et al., 1997) apply to the results of that model as extracted in this analysis. The basis of these assumptions is that the SZ regional-scale flow model is based on measurements of groundwater discharge and is consequently constrained by the water balance of the entire groundwater system. As such, the regional-scale flow model results provide the best available estimate of the volumetric groundwater flow rate at the scale of the SZ site-scale flow model. These assumptions are used in Section 6.1.1 of this report. 5.1.2. Recharge From UZ Site-Scale Model Area The pattern of recharge is taken from the bottom boundary of a preliminary version of the UZ site-scale flow model in the area of the UZ model. The output and grid files used in this AMR were taken from DTN LB971212001254.001. These files provided the most current estimate of recharge to the saturated zone within the area of the UZ model at the time the analysis described in Rev. 00 of this AMR was performed and it is assumed that these data are reasonably representative of site conditions. No confirmation of this assumption is required for this version of the AMR. Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 10 of 32 October 2001 The UZ site-scale flow model has variable grid resolution that is generally finer than the grid resolution for the SZ site-scale flow model. It is assumed that the integration of recharge flux extracted from the UZ model for use at the grid resolution of the SZ sitescale flow model is adequate to represent the recharge pattern in this area. The infiltration model employed in the UZ site-scale flow model differs in resolution and conceptual basis from the recharge model used in the SZ regional-scale model. It is assumed that this inconsistency is not significant for the purpose of calibrating the SZ site-scale flow model. In addition, the UZ site-scale flow model results used in this analysis are from the expected case among several alternative models that consider uncertainty in the infiltration flux and UZ flow model parameters. It is assumed that the expected case of the UZ site-scale flow model is the most representative estimate to use for the recharge analysis. The relatively small total groundwater contribution from the UZ model area relative to the distributed recharge model (see Section 7.1 of this report) indicates that these assumptions are not of large consequence for the purpose of SZ sitescale flow model calibration. These assumptions are used in Section 6.1.1 of this report. 5.1.3. Focused Recharge From Fortymile Wash The estimates of recharge from the Fortymile Wash channel were taken from DTN MO0102DQRGWREC.001 and are based on streamflow losses during brief runoff events over a maximum of 26 years (Savard 1998). It is assumed that the observations are representative of the long-term recharge from this source. The estimates of recharge for the Fortymile Canyon reach and the Amargosa Desert reach are extrapolated and interpolated, respectively, to estimate the recharge rates for reaches of the wash within the area of the SZ site-scale model (see Section 6.1.3 of this report). It is assumed that the recharge is uniform along each of the stream reaches and that the effective width of the Fortymile Wash channel for recharge at the water table is approximately 500 m. It is also assumed that recharge is uniformly distributed over the area of the distributary channels of Fortymile Wash in the Amargosa Desert. One basis for these assumptions is the relatively small total groundwater contribution from the focused recharge along Fortymile Wash relative to the distributed recharge model (see Section 7.1 of this report). These assumptions are used in Section 6.1.3 of this report. 5.2. LATERAL BOUNDARIES The TDMS contains an executable file of the MODFLOWP code as well as input files in DTN GS960808312144.003. It is assumed that running this executable with these input files accurately calculates the cell-by-cell flow terms of the final 1997 USGS model. In addition, it is assumed that modifying the input files, as discussed in the Analysis section below, does not alter the calculated flow terms. The basis of this assumption is that the authors of the USGS regional-scale flow model provided the executable file of Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 11 of 32 October 2001 MODFLOWP in the TDMS to allow generation of the output files from the input files contained therein. The regional model assumes that the density of water is constant, but does not specify a specific value. An arbitrary value of 1000 kg/m3 is assumed for fluid density in this analysis to convert from volumetric [m3/day] to mass [kg/s] flows. The mass flow rates presented by this analysis could be easily modified to represent an alternative assumption about fluid density. Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 12 of 32 October 2001 6. ANALYSIS 6.1. RECHARGE The approach taken to the analysis of recharge over the domain of the SZ site-scale flow model involves taking interpretations of recharge from three sources and combining this information into a single model for the spatial distribution of recharge. The starting point of the analysis is the model of distributed recharge used in the SZ regional-scale flow model. Within the area of the UZ site-scale flow model the estimates of distributed recharge are replaced by the simulated values of groundwater flow at the water table boundary of the UZ flow model. In the areas beneath the Fortymile Wash channel the distributed recharge estimate is replaced by the estimates of recharge based on streamflow loss measurements. 6.1.1. Distributed Recharge The values of distributed recharge are extracted from the SZ regional-scale flow model input file for recharge. The recharge input file for the SZ regional-scale flow model is “rchp” and is taken from the TDMS (DTN: GS960808312144.003). The FORTRAN routine “xread_distr_rech.f” is used to extract the values of recharge from the “rchp” file and write an output file “rech_site.dat” that contains the UTM coordinates on 1500 m centers and the recharge in units of m/year. Electronic copies of these files are included in the electronic archive (DTN: SN9908T0581999.001) along with this report. Documentation of the software routine “xread_distr_rech.f” is included as Attachment I of this report. The FORTRAN routine “xread_distr_rech_-uz.f” is used to convert the values of distributed recharge contained in the file “rech_site.dat” to a 125 m grid within the area of the SZ site-scale model and writes the output to file “rech_distr.dat” in units of mm/year. The 125 m grid is used because this is the finest discetization anticipated for the SZ site-scale flow model. In addition, this routine excludes any grid locations inside the area of the UZ site-scale flow model. A plot of the spatial distribution of recharge in file “rech_distr.dat” is shown in Figure 6.1.1-1. Electronic copies of these files are included in the electronic archive (DTN: SN9908T0581999.001) along with this report. Documentation of the software routine “xread_distr_rech_-uz.f” is included as Attachment II of this report. Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 13 of 32 October 2001 Figure 6.1.1-1. Map of distributed recharge from the SZ regional-scale flow model. Recharge within the area of the UZ site-scale model is not included. Recharge data taken from file “rech_distr.dat”. 535000 540000 545000 550000 555000 560000 UTM Easting (m) 4050000 4055000 4060000 4065000 4070000 4075000 4080000 4085000 4090000 UTM Northing (m) 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 Recharge (mm/yr) Recharge Map from the SZ Regional-Scale Flow Model (DTN # GS960809312144.003) Values Mapped onto 125 m Grid of SZ Site-Scale Model Domain Area of UZ Site-Scale Model Removed Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 14 of 32 October 2001 6.1.2. Recharge From UZ Site-Scale Model Area The recharge in the area of the UZ site-scale flow model is taken from the output file for the UZ flow simulations “mnaqb_p.out”, which is taken from the TDMS (see assumptions in Section 5.1.2). This TOUGH2, Version 1.11, output file corresponds to the base-case, mean alpha, present day infiltration scenario in Total System Performance Assessment – Viability Assessment (TSPA-VA) (CRWMS M&O 1998). Elements in the UZ site-scale flow model at the bottom boundary of the model (i.e., the water table) are identified by the prefix “BT” in the input and output files. Elements that are associated with fracture flow use the prefix “F” and elements for matrix flow use the prefix “M” in this dual-permeability model. These prefixes are used to extract the 1470 elements at the water table in the UZ site-scale flow model using the UNIX “grep” command. The following two commands are used to perform the extraction: “grep BT…..F mnaqb_p.out>extract_F.out” “grep BT…..M mnaqb_p.out>extract_M.out” The two output files “extract_F.out” and “extract_M.out” contain the groundwater flux at the water table boundary (in kg/s) in the fourth column of the files for the fracture and matrix components of flow, respectively. The numerical grid file for the UZ site-scale flow model “mesh_bas.2k” is taken from the TDMS (see assumptions in Section 5.1.2) to obtain information on the x and y coordinates of each element and information on the connection area for each element. The following UNIX command is used to perform the extraction: “grep “BT….. “ mesh_bas.2k>meshgrep2.out” The output file “meshgrep2.out” contains the connection area of the element in column numbers 21 to 29, the x coordinate (Nevada State Plane in meters) in column numbers 51 to 60 and the y coordinate in column numbers 61 to 70. These data are combined in an Excel spreadsheet in the file “wt_flux_uz.xls”. This spreadsheet is constructed by taking columns from the “extract_F.out” , “extract_M.out”, and “meshgrep2.out” files and performing additional operations to calculate total volumetric flow rate and average percolation flux. The first additional operation is to add column G of the spreadsheet (fracture flux in kg/s) to column H (matrix flux in kg/s) to get column I (total flux in kg/s). The second operation is to divide the resulting column I by column J (cell connect area in m2) to get column K (flux per area in kg/s m2). The final operation is to multiply the resulting column K by the constant 31557600 to convert the units of flux per area to mm/yr. This result is stored in column L. The results are plotted in Figure 6.1.2-1 and are overlain by the UZ site-scale flow model grid. Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 15 of 32 October 2001 Figure 6.1.2-1. Map of groundwater flux simulated at the bottom boundary of the UZ site-scale flow model. The model grid is shown overlain on the map of simulated recharge to the SZ. 16900 0 17000 0 17100 0 17200 0 17300 0 NSP Easting 23000 0 23100 0 23200 0 23300 0 23400 0 23500 0 23600 0 23700 0 23800 0 23900 0 N S P N o rt hi n g ( m ) 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 Groundwat er Flux (mm/yr) Groundwater Flux at the Water Table from UZ Site-Scale Flow Model Base Case, Present Climate, Output File: mnaqb_p.out (See Assumptions in Section 5.1.2) Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 16 of 32 October 2001 To combine the output from the UZ site-scale flow model with the other components of the recharge model, the geographical coordinates from the UZ model are converted from the Nevada State Plane coordinate system to the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) coordinate system. The results of this coordinate conversion are given in the spreadsheet in the file “wt_flux_uz.xls”. The software routine “Corpscon” is used to perform the coordinate conversion. This Windows routine is included in the archive of files (DTN: SN9908T0581999.001) for this analysis. Checking and verification of the coordinate transformation was conducted by visual inspection of the plotted recharge location, as shown in Figure 6.1.3-2. In addition, confirmation of the accuracy of the Corpscon routine output for the Yucca Mountain area, with some example coordinate conversions, is contained in Attachment VI. 6.1.3. Focused Recharge From Fortymile Wash Recharge data from infiltration along Fortymile Wash were taken from DTN MO0102DQRGWREC.001. These data are based on estimates of streamflow loss along four reaches of Fortymile Wash as described in Savard (1998). These reaches are the Fortymile Canyon reach, Upper Jackass Flats reach, Lower Jackass Flats reach, and Amargosa Desert reach, listed from north to south and shown in Figure 6.1.3-1. The estimate of recharge along the northernmost reach of Fortymile Wash (Fortymile Canyon reach) has been extrapolated to the north boundary of the SZ site-scale model domain. The lengths of the Fortymile Canyon reach within the Savard (1998) study and within the SZ site-scale model domain were estimated graphically from Figure 6.1.3-1. The estimate of recharge along the Upper Jackass Flats reach presented in Savard (1998) is anomalously low relative to the other reaches as estimated in the same report. Consequently, an interpolated value of recharge for the Upper Jackass Flats reach is applied. The volumetric groundwater recharge rates per kilometer of reach are averaged for the Fortymile Canyon reach and the Lower Jackass Flats reach and this value is applied for the Upper Jackass Flats reach. The recharge rate along the Amargosa Desert reach is scaled in proportion to the length of this reach within the SZ site-scale model area. The resulting estimates of the recharge rates are summarized in Table 6.1.3-1. Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 17 of 32 October 2001 Table 6.1.3-1. Fortymile Wash Recharge Estimates Fortymile Wash Reach Reach Length (from Savard, 1998) (km) Estimated Recharge (m3/year) DTN MO0102DQRGW REC.001 Reach Length in SZ Site-Scale Model (km) Estimated Recharge in SZ Site-Scale Model Area (m3/year) Estimated Recharge Flux (mm/year) Fortymile Canyon 6.5 27000 9.5 39500b 5.77 Upper Jackass Flats 10.1 13600a 10.1 13600 2.21 Lower Jackass Flats 16.8 16400 16.8 16400 1.53 Amargosa Desert 25.0 64300 10.0 25700b 0.22 a Interpolated value. b Scaled in proportion to length within the SZ site-scale model area. The first step of the analysis is to identify those nodes that correspond to the Fortymile Wash channel for each of the reaches on a 125 m resolution grid as shown in Figure 6.1.3-1. Along most of the length of the Fortymile Wash channel, nodes within an approximately 500 m wide zone are designated to receive recharge from the wash. The nodes corresponding to a broad area of distributary channels in the Amargosa Desert are identified for the southernmost reach within the area of the SZ site-scale model domain. The results are 438 nodes in the Fortymile Canyon reach, 394 nodes in the Upper Jackass Flats reach, 687 nodes in the Lower Jackass Flats reach, and 7544 nodes in the Amargosa Desert reach. Processing of the data is performed with the FORTRAN routine “xread_reaches.f”, which is included as Attachment III to this report. This routine reads in the file “digit.dat”, which contains a set of digitized points defining the stream channel location for the four reaches of Fortymile Wash within the SZ site-scale model domain and the recharge rates for those reaches as tabulated in Table 6.1.3-1. The file “digit.dat” was generated using the digitize function from the Surfer program from Figure 6.1.3-1. The routine also reads in the file “rech_distr.dat”, which contains the values of distributed recharge within the SZ site-scale model domain, as described in section 6.1.1 of this report. The routine “xread_reaches.f’ combines the estimates of distributed recharge and the estimates of focused recharge and outputs the file “rech_distr_stream.dat”. This file contains location coordintates (UTM m) and recharge (mm/year) on a 125 m grid for all locations with nonzero values of recharge. The file “rech_distr_stream.dat” also excludes grid locations within the area of the UZ site-scale model. Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 18 of 32 October 2001 6.1.4. Combined Recharge Model The estimates of distributed recharge and focused recharge contained in the file “rech_distr_stream.dat” are combined with the simulated recharge at the water table boundary of the UZ site-scale flow model contained in file “wt_flux_uz.xls” in an Excel spreadsheet in the file “rech_all_new.xls”. In the “rech_all_new.xls” spreadsheet, the groundwater mass flux (kg/s) into each grid node is calculated. The first 1470 entries in the spreadsheet are for the output of the UZ site-scale flow model and the remaining entries are for the distributed recharge and focused recharge components of the analysis. The result of the combined estimates is shown in the map in Figure 6.1.3-2. These results are reformatted for input to the FEHM code using the FORTRAN routine “xwrite_flow_new.f”, which is included as Attachment IV of this report. The “xwrite_flow_new.f” routine reads in the data in the “rech_all_new.xls” spreadsheet (saved in the text file “rech_all_new.txt”, which has the header lines removed). The “xwrite_flow_new.f” routine writes output in a format suitable for input to the “flow” macro of FEHM for specified groundwater mass flux (kg/s). The resolution of the grid nodes in the output from the “xwrite_flow_new.f” routine is specified within the routine. The output assumes that grid nodes are numbered sequentially from the southwest corner of the SZ site-scale model domain, moving from west to east and south to north. Output files were generated for 1000 m, 500 m, 250 m, and 125 m nodal resolutions in the files “wt_flow_1000.dat”, “wt_flow_500.dat”, “wt_flow_250.dat”, “wt_flow_125.dat”, respectively. Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 19 of 32 October 2001 Figure 6.1.3-1. Map of recharge along the Fortymile Wash stream channel. The base image of the figure is a false-color satellite photo of the Yucca Mountain area. The four reaches of Fortymile Wash are shown by the different colors overlying the wash. The boundaries of the SZ site-scale model and the UTM coordinates (m) are shown by the blue line. The approximate outline of the repository is shown by the red line and the outline of the UZ site-scale model is shown with the yellow line. 535000 540000 545000 550000 555000 560000 4050000 4055000 4060000 4065000 4070000 4075000 4080000 4085000 4090000 Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 20 of 32 October 2001 Figure 6.1.3-2. Map of recharge to the SZ site-scale flow model, combining the components of distributed recharge, recharge below the UZ site-scale flow model domain, and focused recharge along Fortymile Wash. 6.2. LATERAL BOUNDARIES Extracting fluxes from the SZ regional-scale flow model is performed in three steps. Because the TDMS does not include output files from the 1997 U. S. Geological Survey model of the Death Valley regional ground-water flow system, the first step is to re-run the regional model to generate an unformatted output file containing cell-by-cell flow values. Second, a FORTRAN routine is used to read the unformatted file and write 535000 540000 545000 550000 555000 560000 UTM Easting 4050000 4055000 4060000 4065000 4070000 4075000 4080000 4085000 4090000 UTMNorthing (m) 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 Recharge Map from the SZ Regional-Scale Flow Model Output file: rchp (DTN # GS960809312144.003) Recharge Along Fortymile Wash Taken from DTN MO0102DQRGWREC.001 Groundwater Flux at the Water Table from UZ Site-Scale Flow Model Base Case, Present Climate, Output File: mnaqb_p.out (see assumptions in Section 5.1.2) Recharge (mm/yr) Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 21 of 32 October 2001 selected values to formatted files. Finally, an Excel spreadsheet is used to sum the flow terms for selected segments along the site-scale boundaries and convert from volumetric to mass flows. Running the regional model: 1) The regional scale model results are calculated using the MODFLOWP computer code. An executable file (Modflowp) and a set of input files are obtained from the TDMS (DTN GS960808312144.003) and copied to a Sun workstation, node=Picard, with the following 4 processors: cpu0: SUNW,UltraSPARC-II (upaid 0 impl 0x11 ver 0x11 clock 296 MHz) cpu1: SUNW,UltraSPARC-II (upaid 1 impl 0x11 ver 0x11 clock 296 MHz) cpu2: SUNW,UltraSPARC-II (upaid 2 impl 0x11 ver 0x11 clock 296 MHz) cpu3: SUNW,UltraSPARC-II (upaid 3 impl 0x11 ver 0x11 clock 296 MHz). 2) The input files for the SZ regional-scale flow model in the TDMS are set up to calculate certain statistics, but the input files required for these statistics (BEALE.DAT and BEALE2.DAT) are not present. Because these statistics are not required for this analysis, two changes are made to the input files to allow MODFLOWP to run without these files. In the input file “dvparwel14”, the 5th entry of line 7 (in columns 24 and 25) is changed from 72 to zero. This is a switch which tells MODFLOWP not to calculate the statistics that require “BEALE.DAT” and “BEALE2.DAT”. Second, the a line containing the file name “BEALE.DAT” and a line containing the filename “BEALE2.DAT” are deleted from the input file “Files”. This file contains file names and their corresponding logical unit numbers. Deleting these file names from “Files” prevents MODFLOWP from trying to open a file that was not present. 3) The executable (Modflowp) is then run. The output file used in this analysis is the “cbcf.new” file, which contains cell-by-cell flow terms. Extract cell-by-cell flow terms along the boundaries of the site-scale domain: The coordinates of site-scale domain are: xmin 533,340 m E xmax 563,340 m E ymin 4,046,780 m N ymax 4,091,780 m N The regional model is 163 rows by 153 columns, SW corner at 440,340; 3,944,782 (D’Agnese et al, 1997, page 75). Row 1 is to the north. Column 1 is to the west. Each model cell is 1,500 m square in the lateral directions. Then, Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 22 of 32 October 2001 the x coordinates at east face of column 62 = 440340+((62)(1500))= 533,340 the x coordinates at east face of column 82 = 440340+((82)(1500))= 563,340 the y coordinates at south face of row 95 = 3,944,782+((163-95)(1500))=4,046,782 the y coordinates at south face of row 65 = 3,944,782+((163-65)(1500))=4,091,782 Thus the domain outlined by the east faces of columns 62 and 82, and the south faces of rows 65 and 95 of the regional model form a domain that is shifted 2 m north of the sitescale domain. The west boundary of the site-scale model consists of the east face of column 62 for rows 66-95. The east boundary consists of the east face of column 82 for rows 66-95. The north boundary consists of the south face of row 65 for columns 63-82. The south boundary consists of the south face of row 95 for columns 63-82. A FORTRAN routine (extract.f) to extract and write the flow terms was developed and used. The routine is compiled using the FORTRAN77 compiler on the Sun workstation (WorkShop Compilers 4.2 30 Oct 1996 FORTRAN 77 4.2). Documentation of the routine is included as Attachment V. This routine writes the flow terms along each boundary to a separate file. The files are named “west_bdy”, “east_bdy”, “north_bdy”, and “south_bdy”. Details of the routine are given in comment statements in the source code of the routine. These files were entered into an Excel workbook (electronic copy attached, file “boundaries.xls”). Excel is used for two calculations, to sum flow terms for segments along the site model boundaries and to convert the volumetric flows [m3/day] to mass flows [kg/s]. The segments are selected to group fluxes of similar direction and magnitude. 7. CONCLUSIONS 7.1. RECHARGE The results of the combined estimates of recharge from distributed recharge, focused recharge along Fortymile Wash, and recharge in the area of the UZ site-scale flow model are shown graphically in Figure 6.1.3-2 and presented in output DTN SN9908T0581999.001. Focused recharge data for Fortymile Wash were qualified in a separate data qualification report (BSC 2001a). These data were reviewed and modified for appropriate use in this AMR as described in Section 6.1.3. Distributed recharge data developed for the USGS regional flow model (DTN GS960808312144.003) were internally qualified as documented in Attachment VII to this AMR and found to be appropriate for use in this AMR. The majority of the recharge entering the system in the area of the SZ site-scale flow model occurs in the northern part of the model domain. An estimated total of 48.9 kg/s (1.55 x 106 m3/year) of groundwater enters the saturated-zone system as recharge in the SZ site-scale model area. Of this total, about 6.7 kg/s recharge occurs in the area of the UZ site-scale flow model and about 3.0 kg/s recharge occurs from focused recharge along Fortymile Wash. Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 23 of 32 October 2001 7.2. LATERAL BOUNDARIES The cell-by-cell flow terms extracted from the 1997 U. S. Geological Survey model of the Death Valley regional ground-water flow system are given in Tables 7.2-1 to 7.2-4 and presented in output DTN SN9908T0581999.001. Lateral flow data developed from the USGS regional flow model (DTN GS960808312144.003) were internally qualified as documented in Attachment VII to this AMR and found to be appropriate for use in this AMR. These tables contain the flow terms as calculated by MODFLOWP, i.e. in units of m3/day. The final column of each table is the sum of the terms for the three model layers for each row/column position. Flow terms for the west and east boundaries are for the (east) right cell faces, and terms for the north and south boundaries are for the south (front) faces. Row, column, and layer numbers are those of the regional model grid. The total mass flux [kg/s] for segments along the west, north, and east site model boundaries follows. These boundaries are the current candidates for specified flux in the SZ site-scale flow model. The fluxes are for the boundaries of a region that is shifted 2 m north relative to the domain of the site-scale model. The coordinates of the boundary segments are in UTM (meters). Fluxes are the total flux for that boundary segment, from the water table to a depth of 2750 m (i.e., all three layers of the SZ regional-scale flow model). A positive value indicates flow into the SZ site-scale model domain. East Boundary: from y=4,046,780 to 4,058,780: flux = +555.45 kg/s from y=4,058,780 to 4,081,280: flux = +5.46 from y=4,081,280 to 4,087,280: flux = -2.65 from y=4,087,280 to 4,091,780: flux = +3.07 North Boundary: from x=533340 to 543840: flux = +101.64 kg/s from x=543840 to 552840: flux = +18.86 from x=552840 to 560340: flux = +64.70 from x=560340 to 563340: flux = +10.63 West Boundary: from y=4,046,780 to 4,054,280: flux = -3.45 kg/s from y=4,054,280 to 4,063,280: flux = +71.00 from y=4,063,280 to 4,072,280: flux = +6.90 from y=4,072,280 to 4,082,780: flux = -2.73 from y=4,082,780 to 4,091,780: flux = +46.99 Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 24 of 32 October 2001 Table 7.2-1. Cell-by-cell flow terms [m3/day] from the 1997 U. S. Geological Survey model of the Death Valley regional ground-water flow system along the west boundary of the site-scale model column row layer1 layer2 layer3 sum 62 66 300.2210 116.4051 172.6758 589.3019 62 67 385.4388 128.9357 283.9898 798.3643 62 68 91.2969 118.8400 182.6684 392.8053 62 69 81.6321 528.7921 163.5032 773.9274 62 70 119.7977 761.6837 117.8837 999.3651 62 71 102.2948 226.3122 177.2012 505.8082 62 72 3.5854 4.5799 4.5910 12.7563 62 73 0.9552 1.5968 -0.2015 2.3505 62 74 -43.1638 -0.7436 0.2239 -43.6835 62 75 -22.9567 -0.5382 1.9569 -21.5380 62 76 -26.6496 -0.5568 2.1711 -25.0353 62 77 -132.7272 -0.6117 1.8454 -131.4935 62 78 -30.6877 -0.1970 1.3879 -29.4968 62 79 67.7964 0.1506 1.0450 68.9920 62 80 99.1461 0.2877 0.9304 100.3642 62 81 102.5495 0.2189 0.6025 103.3709 62 82 150.8397 0.5854 0.4216 151.8467 62 83 33.8089 0.4745 0.6808 34.9642 62 84 23.4775 112.0292 0.8068 136.3135 62 85 115.8098 156.8466 45.4742 318.1306 62 86 545.1091 226.8207 656.8904 1428.8202 62 87 435.0265 644.8766 799.3350 1879.2381 62 88 389.4053 582.7269 31.7153 1003.8475 62 89 339.5885 482.1666 16.0400 837.7951 62 90 63.1286 604.9294 -1.8066 666.2514 62 91 -0.7494 7.4360 -1.9344 4.7522 62 92 -51.7265 -1.1885 -2.1722 -55.0872 62 93 -59.8463 -2.5714 -2.6846 -65.1023 62 94 -80.7184 -3.5531 -3.7052 -87.9767 62 95 -86.0093 -4.1979 -4.3128 -94.5200 Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 25 of 32 October 2001 Table 7.2-2. Cell-by-cell flow terms [m3/day] from the 1997 U. S. Geological Survey model of the Death Valley regional ground-water flow system along the east boundary of the site-scale model column row layer1 layer2 layer3 sum 82 66 35.0744 104.1892 1.0335 140.2971 82 67 32.4961 59.5407 2.8732 94.9100 82 68 10.3283 17.9262 1.8526 30.1071 82 69 -3.4922 -6.7300 0.0019 -10.2203 82 70 -21.2585 -30.6522 0.0163 -51.8944 82 71 -31.1982 -40.6015 0.0209 -71.7788 82 72 -95.0790 -0.0151 0.0088 -95.0853 82 73 0.0957 22.1619 0.1119 22.3695 82 74 -0.0253 -4.9123 0.3112 -4.6264 82 75 5.1671 38.1532 0.3185 43.6388 82 76 5.3195 32.5464 14.2158 52.0817 82 77 23.1081 29.8514 36.8918 89.8513 82 78 21.1946 19.7791 14.2273 55.2010 82 79 5.6187 15.7595 4.4241 25.8023 82 80 1.4321 1.8868 -0.6955 2.6234 82 81 4.4139 1.3365 -0.0422 5.7082 82 82 14.2843 3.2528 0.0438 17.5809 82 83 13.3643 3.5229 -0.7694 16.1178 82 84 7.0857 2.9896 -1.4877 8.5876 82 85 6.2192 5.0456 0.1849 11.4497 82 86 29.3401 5.3988 31.3175 66.0564 82 87 1.9728 16.1808 41.1021 59.2557 82 88 0.2848 1548.8440 3119.2073 4668.3361 82 89 0.3887 2089.5090 4151.5591 6241.4568 82 90 0.4157 2228.8079 4423.1963 6652.4199 82 91 0.4114 2201.4536 4385.2954 6587.1604 82 92 3.1997 2140.7375 4301.0850 6445.0222 82 93 5.1691 2058.0015 4210.7461 6273.9167 82 94 14.4602 1854.5498 3990.9055 5859.9155 82 95 13.8338 1559.0319 3689.5305 5262.3962 Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 26 of 32 October 2001 Table 7.2-3. Cell-by-cell flow terms [m3/day] from the 1997 U. S. Geological Survey model of the Death Valley regional ground-water flow system along the north boundary of the site-scale model column row layer1 layer2 layer3 sum 63 65 436.7631 158.6168 88.8833 684.2632 64 65 445.4616 666.2696 126.6694 1238.4006 65 65 470.4084 705.4063 142.2845 1318.0992 66 65 496.7751 743.2569 145.7451 1385.7771 67 65 511.1288 766.8786 141.3761 1419.3835 68 65 513.3553 770.7878 131.1927 1415.3358 69 65 500.4772 703.2574 116.6735 1320.4081 70 65 90.0194 124.4723 99.4196 313.9113 71 65 94.3074 135.7408 79.1619 309.2101 72 65 81.8713 125.9834 54.6917 262.5464 73 65 79.1612 122.4325 45.4847 247.0784 74 65 81.7757 123.9266 2.4599 208.1622 75 65 78.1031 207.5337 3.3195 288.9563 76 65 71.3560 834.7631 24.5218 930.6409 77 65 77.1166 911.6486 24.9287 1013.6939 78 65 84.7914 990.1692 26.3804 1101.3410 79 65 160.8794 1060.8494 27.2710 1248.9998 80 65 166.6360 1100.9541 27.4993 1295.0894 81 65 204.6464 321.8176 38.1635 564.6275 82 65 82.4114 226.1308 45.4612 354.0034 Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 27 of 32 October 2001 Table 7.2-4. Cell-by-cell flow terms [m3/day] from the 1997 U. S. Geological Survey model of the Death Valley regional ground-water flow system along the south boundary of the site-scale model column row layer1 layer2 layer3 sum 63 95 -10.1696 -27.0123 -2.3935 -39.5754 64 95 -162.1753 -65.2793 -3.1454 -230.6000 65 95 -82.6131 -757.2695 -165.6998 -1005.5824 66 95 -358.8732 -600.8329 -192.5924 -1152.2985 67 95 -371.3719 -612.0051 -242.7134 -1226.0904 68 95 -511.8046 -755.4321 -249.1117 -1516.3484 69 95 -555.7947 -830.3972 -1310.7151 -2696.9070 70 95 -592.0862 -885.5881 -1346.3021 -2823.9764 71 95 -609.6418 -913.7783 -1431.5834 -2955.0035 72 95 -557.9603 -853.9814 -1365.4269 -2777.3686 73 95 -487.4033 -749.4507 -1280.9761 -2517.8301 74 95 -296.7092 -462.6852 -1192.6534 -1952.0478 75 95 -134.0494 -45.4739 -1074.3965 -1253.9198 76 95 -75.9106 -35.3944 -54.2203 -165.5253 77 95 -1.0317 16.2062 21.8088 36.9833 78 95 -10.1687 -97.8409 -152.0629 -260.0725 79 95 -6.4307 -3467.8037 -7410.0439 -10884.2783 80 95 -5.3251 -3423.5581 -7539.6074 -10968.4906 81 95 -32.0253 -3663.1204 -7828.6636 -11523.8093 82 95 -35.7936 -4120.3281 -8149.0601 -12305.1818 Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 28 of 32 October 2001 8. REFERENCES 8.1. DOCUMENTS CITED BSC (Bechtel SAIC Company) 2001a. Data Qualification Report: Groundwater Recharge Data For Use On The Yucca Mountain Project. TDR-NBS-HS-000011 REV 00. Las Vegas, Nevada: Bechtel SAIC Company. ACC: MOL.20010405.0008. BSC (Bechtel SAIC Company) 2001b. Technical Work Plan for: Integrated Management of Technical Product Input Department. TWP-MGR-MD-000004 REV 02. Las Vegas, Nevada: Bechtel SAIC Company. ACC: MOL.20010814.0324. BSC (Bechtel SAIC Company) 2001c. Technical Work Plan for Saturated Zone Flow and Transport Modeling and Testing. TWP-NBS-MD-000001 REV 02. Las Vegas, Nevada: CRWMS M&O. ACC: MOL.20010924.0269. CRWMS M&O 1998. "Unsaturated Zone Hydrology Model." Chapter 2 of Total System Performance Assessment-Viability Assessment (TSPA-VA) Analyses Technical Basis Document. B00000000-01717-4301-00002 REV 01. Las Vegas, Nevada: CRWMS M&O. ACC: MOL.19981008.0002. CRWMS M&O 1999a. Development of Flow Boundary Conditions for SZ Flow and Transport Model. Work Direction and Planning Document. Las Vegas, Nevada: CRWMS M&O. ACC: MOL.19990707.0296. CRWMS M&O 1999b. Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model. ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00. Las Vegas, Nevada: CRWMS M&O. ACC: MOL.19991118.0188. CRWMS M&O 2000. Calibration of the Site-Scale Saturated Zone Flow Model. MDLNBS- HS-000011 REV 00. Las Vegas, Nevada: CRWMS M&O. ACC: MOL.20000825.0122 Czarnecki, J.B. and Waddell, R.K. 1984. Finite-Element Simulation of Ground-Water Flow in the Vicinity of Yucca Mountain, Nevada-California. Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4349. Denver, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey. ACC: NNA.19870407.0173. D’Agnese, Frank A., Faunt C.C., Turner, A.K.; and Hill, M.C.1997. Hydrogeologic Evaluation and Numerical Simulation of the Death Valley Regional Ground-Water Flow System, Nevada and California. Water-Resources Investigations Report 96-4300, Denver, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey. ACC: MOL.19980306.0253. Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 29 of 32 October 2001 DOE (U.S. Department of Energy) 1997. Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project Site Atlas 1997. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy. TIC: 236826. Maxey, G.B. and Eakin, T.E. 1950. Ground Water in White River Valley, White Pine, Nye, and Lincoln Counties, Nevada. Water Resources Bulletin No. 8. Carson City, Nevada: State of Nevada, Office of the State Engineer. TIC: 216819. Mellington, S.P. 2000. "Office of Project Execution (OPE) Concurrence of Request of August 21, 2000, as Accepted Data." Letter from S.P. Mellington (DOE/YMSCO) to R.W. Craig (USGS), September 26, 2000, OPE:ERC-2105, with enclosure. ACC: MOL.20001030.0065. Mellington, S.P. 2001. Office of Project Execution (OPE) Proper Use of Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project (YMP) Collected Data, Letter from S.P. Mellington (DOE/YMSCO) to R.F. Wemheuer (BSC), January 9, 2001, OPE: JMW-0426 with enclosures ACC: MOL.20010306.0376. Rice, W.A. 1984. Preliminary Two-Dimensional Regional Hydrologic Model of the Nevada Test Site and Vicinity. SAND83-7466. Albuquerque, New Mexico: Sandia National Laboratories. ACC: NNA.19900810.0286. Savard, C.S. 1998. Estimated Ground-Water Recharge from Streamflow in Fortymile Wash Near Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4273. Denver, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey. TIC: 236848. Sinton, P.O. 1987. Three-Dimensional, Steady-State, Finite-Difference Model of the Ground-Water Flow System in the Death Valley Ground-Water Basin, Nevada- California. Master's thesis. Golden, Colorado: Colorado School of Mines. TIC: 236959. USGS (U.S. Geological Survey) 2000. Simulation of Net Infiltration for Modern and Potential Future Climates. ANL-NBS-HS-000032 REV 00. Denver, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey. ACC: MOL.20000801.0004. Waddell, R.K. 1982. Two-Dimensional, Steady-State Model of Ground-Water Flow, Nevada Test Site and Vicinity, Nevada-California. Water Resources Investigations Report 82-4085. Denver, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey. ACC: NNA.19870518.0055. Wemheuer, R.F. 1999. "First Issue of FY00 NEPO QAP-2-0 Activity Evaluations." Interoffice correspondence from R.F. Wemheuer (CRWMS M&O) to R.A. Morgan, October 1, 1999, LV.NEPO.RTPS.TAG.10/99-155, with enclosures. ACC: MOL.19991028.0162. Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 30 of 32 October 2001 8.2. PROCEDURES AP-3.10Q, Rev. 2, ICN 4, ECN 1. Analyses and Models. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management. ACC: MOL.20010827.0114. AP-3.15Q, Rev. 3, ICN 0. Managing Technical Product Inputs. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management. ACC: MOL.20010801.0318. AP-SI.1Q, Rev. 1, ICN 0. Software Management. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management. ACC: MOL.19990630.0395. AP-SIII.2Q, Rev. 0, ICN 3, Qualification of Unqualified Data and the Documentation of Rationale for Accepted Data. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management. ACC: MOL.20001002.0152. QAP-2-0, Rev. 5. Conduct of Activities. Las Vegas, Nevada: CRWMS M&O. ACC: MOL.19980826.0209. Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 31 of 32 October 2001 8.3. SOURCE DATA, LISTED BY DATA TRACKING NUMBER GS960808312144.003. Hydrogeologic Evaluation and Numerical Simulation of the Death Valley Regional Ground-Water Flow System, Nevada and California, Using Geoscientific Information Systems. Submittal date: 08/29/96. LB971212001254.001. DKM Basecase Parameter Set for UZ Model with Mean Fracture Alpha, Present Day Infiltration, and Estimated Welded, Non-Welded and Zeolitic FMX. Submittal date: 12/12/97. MO0102DQRGWREC.001. Groundwater Recharge Rate Data for the Four Reaches of Fortymile Wash Near Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Submittal date: 02/26/2001. MO9906GPS98410.000. Yucca Mountain Project (YMP) Borehole Locations. Submittal date: 06/23/1999. 8.4 OUTPUT DATA, LISTED BY DATA TRACKING NUMBER SN9908T0581999.001. Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone (SZ) Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model. Submittal date: 08/19/1999. 9. ATTACHMENTS Attachment Title I Documentation of the xread_distr_rech.f Version 1.0 FORTRAN Routine II Documentation of the xread_distr_rech_-uz.f Version 1.0 FORTRAN Routine III Documentation of the xread_reaches.f Version 1.0 FORTRAN Routine IV Documentation of Four xwrite_flow_new.f Version 1.0-XXX FORTRAN Routines V Documentation of the extract.f Version 1.0 FORTRAN Routine Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 32 of 32 October 2001 VI Documentation of the Corpscon Version 5.11 Routine VII Internal Qualification of the Death Valley Regional Groundwater Flow Model Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 I-1 October 2001 ATTACHMENT I DOCUMENTATION OF THE xread_distr_rech.f VERSION 1.0 FORTRAN ROUTINE Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 I-2 October 2001 ROUTINE IDENTIFICATION The routine xread_distr_rech.f is at version 1.0. This is a FORTRAN routine that was compiled using the FORTRAN 77 compiler on a Sun workstation. INPUT AND OUTPUT FILES The input file for xread_distr_rech.f v. 1.0 is the SZ regional-scale flow model file for recharge named rchp from (DTN GS960808312144.003). The routine xread_distr_rech.f extracts the values of recharge from the rchp file and writes an output file rech_site.dat that contains the UTM coordinates on 1500 m centers and the recharge in units of m/year. DESCRIPTION This routine begins by reading in the values of recharge from the SZ regional-scale model as a one-dimensional array with variable “rech1” in the loop ending with line 10. This array is converted to a two-dimensional array with variable “rech2” consisting of 163 rows and 153 columns in the loop ending with line 20. The rows and columns correspond to the rows and columns in the SZ regional-scale flow model (D’Agnese et al., 1997, p. 75). Output is written for those rows (66 to 95) and columns (63 to 82) that correspond to the area of the SZ site-scale model (see Section 6.2 of this report) with the loop ending with line 30. The xo and yo values defined in the routine are the UTM coordinates of the middle of the 1500 m cell in the southwest corner of the SZ site-scale model domain. VALIDATION Below are provided excerpts of the input and output files of the routine xread_distr_rech.f v. 1.0. Note that the highlighted value of recharge in m/year from the input file is correctly extracted and written to the output file in the proper location in units of m/year. The concept of a range of validation is not applicable to this routine since its purpose is to just extract values from one specified file and write them in a different format to another file. The files are specified in the code itself as can be seen in the code listing provided in this attachment. The routine is valid for all values in the specified input file. Input file rchp Following are lines 1115 through 1118 of the input file rchp. There are three header lines in this file. Consequently these lines correspond to lines 1112 through 1115 of the onedimensional array of recharge values. Each line contains 9 values of recharge. Consequently, values for array indices 10,000 through 10,035 are contained in this excerpt. Values for indices 10,008 through 10,027 are highlighted. These indices correspond to the northern-most row of values in the output file rech_site.dat. Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 I-3 October 2001 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.005283 0.000576 0.013663 0.010264 0.010553 0.007710 0.001733 0.032282 0.003264 0.005660 0.000000 0.000000 0.008502 0.008533 0.000701 0.034101 0.030516 0.008270 0.032626 0.036288 0.012243 0.035966 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 Output file rech_site.dat Following are lines 581 through 600 of the output file rech_site.dat. The first two columns of each line are the UTM coordinates of the cell centers. The third column contains the recharge values corresponding to the highlighted values in the excerpt from the input file above, demonstrating correct functionality. 534090. 4.09103E+06 0. 535590. 4.09103E+06 0. 537090. 4.09103E+06 0. 538590. 4.09103E+06 5.28300E-03 540090. 4.09103E+06 5.76000E-04 541590. 4.09103E+06 1.36630E-02 543090. 4.09103E+06 1.02640E-02 544590. 4.09103E+06 1.05530E-02 546090. 4.09103E+06 7.71000E-03 547590. 4.09103E+06 1.73300E-03 549090. 4.09103E+06 3.22820E-02 550590. 4.09103E+06 3.26400E-03 552090. 4.09103E+06 5.66000E-03 553590. 4.09103E+06 0. 555090. 4.09103E+06 0. 556590. 4.09103E+06 8.50200E-03 558090. 4.09103E+06 8.53300E-03 559590. 4.09103E+06 7.01000E-04 561090. 4.09103E+06 3.41010E-02 562590. 4.09103E+06 3.05160E-02 Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 I-4 October 2001 CODE LISTING C program xread_distr_rech C C This program extracts the values of recharge in the SZ C regional-scale flow model input file "rchp" within the C domain of the SZ site-scale flow model. The output C consists of x and y coordinates (UTM) on 1500 m centers and C the value of recharge (m/year). C DIMENSION rech1(24939),rech2(153,163) open(file='rchp',unit=11,status='old') open(file='rech_site.dat',unit=12,status='new') xo=534090. yo=4091030. do 10 i=1,3 READ(11,*) 10 continue read (11,*) rech1 do 20 j=1,163 do 20 i=1,153 nnum=((j-1)*153)+i rech2(i,j)=rech1(nnum) 20 continue do 30 j=95,66,-1 do 30 i=63,82 x=xo+(i-63)*1500. y=yo+(66-j)*1500. WRITE(12,*) x,y,rech2(i,j) 30 continue 99 format (i6,3f12.1) end Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 II-1 October 2001 ATTACHMENT II DOCUMENTATION OF THE xread_distr_rech_-uz.f VERSION 1.0 FORTRAN ROUTINE Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 II-2 October 2001 ROUTINE IDENTIFICATION The routine xread_distr_rech_-uz.f is at version 1.0. This is a FORTRAN routine that was compiled using the FORTRAN 77 compiler on a Sun workstation. INPUT AND OUTPUT FILES The input file for xread_distr_rech_-uz.f v. 1.0 is rech_site.dat (Note that this is the output file from the previous routine documented in Attachment I.) The routine xread_distr_rech_-uz.f translates the values of distributed recharge in the input file to a 125 m grid within the area of the SZ site-scale model and writes the output to file rech_distr.dat in units of mm/year. DESCRIPTION This routine begins by reading in the coordinates and values of recharge from the SZ regional-scale flow model (from the input file rech_site.dat) within the area of the SZ site-scale model in the loop ending at line 10. The routine then loops through a 125 m grid (239 columns by 359 rows) for the SZ site-scale model domain in the loop that ends at line 100. For each fine grid location the routine finds the nearest node from the 1500 m grid of the SZ regional-scale model and assigns that value of recharge to the 125 m grid node in the loop ending at line 110. The values of recharge are converted from m/year to mm/year by multiplying by 1000 mm/m. The routine then uses a function call to the “inside” function to determine if the 125 m grid node is inside or outside of the UZ site-scale flow model area. The area of the UZ site-scale flow model is defined by the six points at the vertices of a polygon. Finally, the coordinates of the 125 m grid node and the value of recharge are written out by the routine, if the node is outside the area of the UZ site-scale flow model domain. VALIDATION As is apparent from the above description, the routine xread_distr_rech_-uz.f has three functions: 1) translating appropriate values of recharge from the 1500 m grid to the fine 125 m grid, 2) performing a simple unit conversion of m/year to mm/year, and 3) discriminating between areas and only writing output for the specified area. Validation will be by inspection of excerpts of input and output files. The concept of a range of validation is not applicable to this routine. The routine reads only one specified input file, performs the functions listed above, and writes to one specified output file. This can be confirmed by inspection of the code, which is provided in this attachment. The routine is valid for all values on the specified input file. Input file rech_site.dat Following are lines 461-480. These lines contain recharge values for the seventh row of grid cells from the northern boundary of the site-scale model domain. Only two cells Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 II-3 October 2001 have non-zero values. These are the two southern-most grid cells with non-zero recharge in Figure 6.1.3-2. As shown in this figure, only the western-most of these two grid cells intersects the domain of the UZ model domain. 534090. 4.08203E+06 0. 535590. 4.08203E+06 0. 537090. 4.08203E+06 0. 538590. 4.08203E+06 0. 540090. 4.08203E+06 0. 541590. 4.08203E+06 0. 543090. 4.08203E+06 0. 544590. 4.08203E+06 0. 546090. 4.08203E+06 5.71800E-03 547590. 4.08203E+06 0. 549090. 4.08203E+06 0. 550590. 4.08203E+06 0. 552090. 4.08203E+06 0. 553590. 4.08203E+06 0. 555090. 4.08203E+06 0. 556590. 4.08203E+06 0. 558090. 4.08203E+06 0. 559590. 4.08203E+06 9.81100E-03 561090. 4.08203E+06 0. 562590. 4.08203E+06 0. Output file rech_distr.dat Following are lines 65023 – 65140. These are the lines in rech_distr.dat with a Y UTM coordinate equal to 4082030 m, and an X UTM coordinate greater than 544000 m. By inspection, it is clear that the recharge values for the two cells in the excerpt of the input file are represented in the finer 125 m grid. The highlighted values in this file are one thousand times greater, showing that the conversion from m/year to mm/year works correctly. Note that there are 9 cells in the fine grid with a value of 5.72 and 12 cells with a value of 9.81. Twelve cells with a width of 125 m are required to cover the 1500-m width of a cell in the coarse grid. There are only 9 cells with a value of 5.72 because the eastern-most 3 cells corresponding to the single cell in the coarse grid with this discharge value fall within the domain of the UZ model. This shows that the routine is correctly not writing entries to the output file for cells within the domain of the UZ model. 544090.00 4082030.00 0.00 544215.00 4082030.00 0.00 544340.00 4082030.00 0.00 544465.00 4082030.00 0.00 544590.00 4082030.00 0.00 544715.00 4082030.00 0.00 Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 II-4 October 2001 544840.00 4082030.00 0.00 544965.00 4082030.00 0.00 545090.00 4082030.00 0.00 545215.00 4082030.00 0.00 545340.00 4082030.00 0.00 545465.00 4082030.00 5.72 545590.00 4082030.00 5.72 545715.00 4082030.00 5.72 545840.00 4082030.00 5.72 545965.00 4082030.00 5.72 546090.00 4082030.00 5.72 546215.00 4082030.00 5.72 546340.00 4082030.00 5.72 546465.00 4082030.00 5.72 551090.00 4082030.00 0.00 551215.00 4082030.00 0.00 551340.00 4082030.00 0.00 551465.00 4082030.00 0.00 551590.00 4082030.00 0.00 551715.00 4082030.00 0.00 551840.00 4082030.00 0.00 551965.00 4082030.00 0.00 552090.00 4082030.00 0.00 552215.00 4082030.00 0.00 552340.00 4082030.00 0.00 552465.00 4082030.00 0.00 552590.00 4082030.00 0.00 552715.00 4082030.00 0.00 552840.00 4082030.00 0.00 552965.00 4082030.00 0.00 553090.00 4082030.00 0.00 553215.00 4082030.00 0.00 553340.00 4082030.00 0.00 553465.00 4082030.00 0.00 553590.00 4082030.00 0.00 553715.00 4082030.00 0.00 553840.00 4082030.00 0.00 553965.00 4082030.00 0.00 554090.00 4082030.00 0.00 554215.00 4082030.00 0.00 554340.00 4082030.00 0.00 554465.00 4082030.00 0.00 554590.00 4082030.00 0.00 554715.00 4082030.00 0.00 554840.00 4082030.00 0.00 554965.00 4082030.00 0.00 Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 II-5 October 2001 555090.00 4082030.00 0.00 555215.00 4082030.00 0.00 555340.00 4082030.00 0.00 555465.00 4082030.00 0.00 555590.00 4082030.00 0.00 555715.00 4082030.00 0.00 555840.00 4082030.00 0.00 555965.00 4082030.00 0.00 556090.00 4082030.00 0.00 556215.00 4082030.00 0.00 556340.00 4082030.00 0.00 556465.00 4082030.00 0.00 556590.00 4082030.00 0.00 556715.00 4082030.00 0.00 556840.00 4082030.00 0.00 556965.00 4082030.00 0.00 557090.00 4082030.00 0.00 557215.00 4082030.00 0.00 557340.00 4082030.00 0.00 557465.00 4082030.00 0.00 557590.00 4082030.00 0.00 557715.00 4082030.00 0.00 557840.00 4082030.00 0.00 557965.00 4082030.00 0.00 558090.00 4082030.00 0.00 558215.00 4082030.00 0.00 558340.00 4082030.00 0.00 558465.00 4082030.00 0.00 558590.00 4082030.00 0.00 558715.00 4082030.00 0.00 558840.00 4082030.00 0.00 558965.00 4082030.00 9.81 559090.00 4082030.00 9.81 559215.00 4082030.00 9.81 559340.00 4082030.00 9.81 559465.00 4082030.00 9.81 559590.00 4082030.00 9.81 559715.00 4082030.00 9.81 559840.00 4082030.00 9.81 559965.00 4082030.00 9.81 560090.00 4082030.00 9.81 560215.00 4082030.00 9.81 560340.00 4082030.00 9.81 560465.00 4082030.00 0.00 560590.00 4082030.00 0.00 560715.00 4082030.00 0.00 Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 II-6 October 2001 560840.00 4082030.00 0.00 560965.00 4082030.00 0.00 561090.00 4082030.00 0.00 561215.00 4082030.00 0.00 561340.00 4082030.00 0.00 561465.00 4082030.00 0.00 561590.00 4082030.00 0.00 561715.00 4082030.00 0.00 561840.00 4082030.00 0.00 561965.00 4082030.00 0.00 562090.00 4082030.00 0.00 562215.00 4082030.00 0.00 562340.00 4082030.00 0.00 562465.00 4082030.00 0.00 562590.00 4082030.00 0.00 562715.00 4082030.00 0.00 562840.00 4082030.00 0.00 562965.00 4082030.00 0.00 563090.00 4082030.00 0.00 563215.00 4082030.00 0.00 CODE LISTING C program xread_distr_rech_uz C C This routine reads in the values of recharge (m/year) taken C from the SZ regional-scale flow model within the area of the C SZ site-scale flow model on a 1500 m grid. The routine writes C out values of recharge (mm/year) on a 125 m grid over the same C domain with grid points inside the area of the UZ site-scale C flow model excluded. dimension x(20),y(20) dimension rech1(600) dimension x_reg(600),y_reg(600) open(file='rech_site.dat',unit=11,status='old') open(file='rech_distr.dat',unit=12,status='new') C Limits of the SZ site-scale model domain xmin=533340. xmax=563340. ymin=4046780. ymax=4091780. C Coordinates of the polygon bounding the UZ site-scale model domain x(1)=545424.9 x(2)=546891.3 Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 II-7 October 2001 x(3)=549290.6 x(4)=551045.7 x(5)=551054.5 x(6)=550323.5 y(1)=4074660.5 y(2)=4084163.0 y(3)=4084171.4 y(4)=4082578.0 y(5)=4080078.7 y(6)=4074677.6 cx=548308. cy=4079169. delx=125. n=6 do 10 i=1,600 read(11,*) x_reg(i),y_reg(i),rech1(i) 10 continue do 100 j=2,360 do 100 i=2,240 distmin=10000. do 110 k=1,600 xx=(i-1)*delx+xmin yy=(j-1)*delx+ymin xdist=xx-x_reg(k) ydist=yy-y_reg(k) dist=sqrt((xdist*xdist)+(ydist*ydist)) if(dist.lt.distmin) then distmin=dist nmin=k endif 110 continue rech=rech1(nmin)*1000. nin=inside(xx,yy,n,x,y,cx,cy) if(nin.eq.0) then write(12,99) xx,yy,rech endif 100 continue 99 format(3f15.2) C end INTEGER FUNCTION INSIDE (XX, YY, N, X, Y, CX, CY) C C C (CX,CY) is a point inside the polygon Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 II-8 October 2001 C (X,Y) are the vectors of the coordinates of the polygon C (XX,YY) is the point in question as to whether it is in the polygon C C Returns C 0 - if outside polygon C 1 - if inside polygon C dimension x(20),y(20) C INSIDE = 0 K = N xmin=x(1) xmax=x(1) ymin=y(1) ymax=y(1) do 50 i=2,n if(x(i).le.xmin) xmin=x(i) if(x(i).ge.xmax) xmax=x(i) if(y(i).le.ymin) ymin=y(i) if(y(i).ge.ymax) ymax=y(i) 50 continue if(xx.le.xmin) goto 100 if(xx.ge.xmax) goto 100 if(yy.le.ymin) goto 100 if(yy.ge.ymax) goto 100 C DO 20 I = 1, N C IF (X(I) .EQ. X(K) ) THEN C IF ( (YY .LE. Y(I) .AND. YY .GE. Y(K) ) .OR. * (YY .GE. Y(I) .AND. YY .LE. Y(K) ) ) THEN IF ((XX .LT. X(I) .AND. CX .GT. X(K) ) .OR. * (XX .GT. X(I) .AND. CX .LT. X(K) )) GO TO 100 END IF C ELSE sM = (Y(K) - Y(I) ) / (X(K) - X(I) ) Y1 = Y(K) + (XX - X(K) ) * sM Y2 = Y(K) + (CX - X(K) ) * sM C IF ( (YY .LE. Y(I) .AND. YY .GE. Y(K) ) .OR. * (YY .GE. Y(I) .AND. YY .LE. Y(K) ) ) THEN IF ( (YY .LT. Y1 .AND. CY .GT. Y2) .OR. * (YY .GT. Y1 .AND. CY .LT. Y2) ) GO TO 100 END IF C END IF C K = I C 20 CONTINUE Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 II-9 October 2001 INSIDE = 1 C 100 CONTINUE RETURN END Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 III-1 October 2001 ATTACHMENT III DOCUMENTATION OF THE xread_reaches.f VERSION 1.0 FORTRAN ROUTINE Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 III-2 October 2001 ROUTINE IDENTIFICATION The routine xread_reaches.f is at version 1.0. This is a FORTRAN routine that was compiled using the FORTRAN 77 compiler on a Sun workstation. INPUT AND OUTPUT FILES The input for xread_reaches.f v. 1.0 consists of two files, rech_distr.dat (note that this is the output from the previous routine documented in Attachment II) and digit.dat. This second file (digit.dat) contains a set of digitized points defining the stream channel location for the four reaches of Fortymile Wash within the SZ site-scale model domain and the recharge rates for those reaches as tabulated in Table 6.1.3-1 of this AMR. The routine xread_reaches.f’combines the estimates of distributed recharge and the estimates of focused recharge from the two input files and outputs the file rech_distr_stream.dat. DESCRIPTION This routine begins by reading in the coordinates and values of distributed recharge on the 125 m grid within the SZ site-scale model domain (from the input file rech_distr.dat) in the loop ending at line 100. The routine then reads in the coordinates of digitized locations within the stream channel reaches of Fortymile Wash (from the input file digit.dat), finds all 125 m grid nodes within 250 m of those locations, and resets the value of recharge at those nodes to the focused recharge value assigned to that reach of Fortymile Wash in the nested loops ending at line 400. This process is repeated for the Amargosa Reach of Fortymile Wash for all nodes within a greater (500 m) distance of the digitized locations of that part of the drainage in the loops ending at line 310. The coordinates and values of recharge are then written out to the rech_distr_stream.dat file for the 125 m grid nodes in the loop ending at line 40. VALIDATION As can be seen from the above description, the routine xread_reaches.f performs a replacement function for grid nodes within certain specified distances of various reaches of Fortymile Wash. Distributed recharge values are replaced by focused discharge values. Validation will be by inspection of excerpts of input and output files. The concept of a range of validation is not applicable to this routine. The routine reads two specified input files, performs the replacement function described above, and writes to one specified output file. This can be confirmed by inspection of the code, which is provided in this attachment. The routine is valid for all values on the specified input files. Input file rech_distr.dat Following are lines 65023 – 65140. These are the lines in rech_distr.dat with a Y UTM coordinate equal to 4082030 m, and an X UTM coordinate greater than 544000 m. By Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 III-3 October 2001 inspection, it is clear that the recharge values for the two cells in the excerpt of the input file are represented in the finer 125 m grid. The highlighted values in this file are one thousand times greater, showing that the conversion from m/year to mm/year works correctly. Note that there are 9 cells in the fine grid with a value of 5.72 and 12 cells with a value of 9.81. Twelve cells with a width of 125 m are required to cover the 1500-m width of a cell in the coarse grid. There are only 9 cells with a value of 5.72 because the eastern-most 3 cells corresponding to the single cell in the coarse grid with this discharge value fall within the domain of the UZ model. This shows that the routine is correctly not writing entries to the output file for cells within the domain of the UZ model. 544090.00 4082030.00 0.00 544215.00 4082030.00 0.00 544340.00 4082030.00 0.00 544465.00 4082030.00 0.00 544590.00 4082030.00 0.00 544715.00 4082030.00 0.00 544840.00 4082030.00 0.00 544965.00 4082030.00 0.00 545090.00 4082030.00 0.00 545215.00 4082030.00 0.00 545340.00 4082030.00 0.00 545465.00 4082030.00 5.72 545590.00 4082030.00 5.72 545715.00 4082030.00 5.72 545840.00 4082030.00 5.72 545965.00 4082030.00 5.72 546090.00 4082030.00 5.72 546215.00 4082030.00 5.72 546340.00 4082030.00 5.72 546465.00 4082030.00 5.72 551090.00 4082030.00 0.00 551215.00 4082030.00 0.00 551340.00 4082030.00 0.00 551465.00 4082030.00 0.00 551590.00 4082030.00 0.00 551715.00 4082030.00 0.00 551840.00 4082030.00 0.00 551965.00 4082030.00 0.00 552090.00 4082030.00 0.00 552215.00 4082030.00 0.00 552340.00 4082030.00 0.00 552465.00 4082030.00 0.00 552590.00 4082030.00 0.00 552715.00 4082030.00 0.00 552840.00 4082030.00 0.00 552965.00 4082030.00 0.00 Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 III-4 October 2001 553090.00 4082030.00 0.00 553215.00 4082030.00 0.00 553340.00 4082030.00 0.00 553465.00 4082030.00 0.00 553590.00 4082030.00 0.00 553715.00 4082030.00 0.00 553840.00 4082030.00 0.00 553965.00 4082030.00 0.00 554090.00 4082030.00 0.00 554215.00 4082030.00 0.00 554340.00 4082030.00 0.00 554465.00 4082030.00 0.00 554590.00 4082030.00 0.00 554715.00 4082030.00 0.00 554840.00 4082030.00 0.00 554965.00 4082030.00 0.00 555090.00 4082030.00 0.00 555215.00 4082030.00 0.00 555340.00 4082030.00 0.00 555465.00 4082030.00 0.00 555590.00 4082030.00 0.00 555715.00 4082030.00 0.00 555840.00 4082030.00 0.00 555965.00 4082030.00 0.00 556090.00 4082030.00 0.00 556215.00 4082030.00 0.00 556340.00 4082030.00 0.00 556465.00 4082030.00 0.00 556590.00 4082030.00 0.00 556715.00 4082030.00 0.00 556840.00 4082030.00 0.00 556965.00 4082030.00 0.00 557090.00 4082030.00 0.00 557215.00 4082030.00 0.00 557340.00 4082030.00 0.00 557465.00 4082030.00 0.00 557590.00 4082030.00 0.00 557715.00 4082030.00 0.00 557840.00 4082030.00 0.00 557965.00 4082030.00 0.00 558090.00 4082030.00 0.00 558215.00 4082030.00 0.00 558340.00 4082030.00 0.00 558465.00 4082030.00 0.00 558590.00 4082030.00 0.00 558715.00 4082030.00 0.00 Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 III-5 October 2001 558840.00 4082030.00 0.00 558965.00 4082030.00 9.81 559090.00 4082030.00 9.81 559215.00 4082030.00 9.81 559340.00 4082030.00 9.81 559465.00 4082030.00 9.81 559590.00 4082030.00 9.81 559715.00 4082030.00 9.81 559840.00 4082030.00 9.81 559965.00 4082030.00 9.81 560090.00 4082030.00 9.81 560215.00 4082030.00 9.81 560340.00 4082030.00 9.81 560465.00 4082030.00 0.00 560590.00 4082030.00 0.00 560715.00 4082030.00 0.00 560840.00 4082030.00 0.00 560965.00 4082030.00 0.00 561090.00 4082030.00 0.00 561215.00 4082030.00 0.00 561340.00 4082030.00 0.00 561465.00 4082030.00 0.00 561590.00 4082030.00 0.00 561715.00 4082030.00 0.00 561840.00 4082030.00 0.00 561965.00 4082030.00 0.00 562090.00 4082030.00 0.00 562215.00 4082030.00 0.00 562340.00 4082030.00 0.00 562465.00 4082030.00 0.00 562590.00 4082030.00 0.00 562715.00 4082030.00 0.00 562840.00 4082030.00 0.00 562965.00 4082030.00 0.00 563090.00 4082030.00 0.00 563215.00 4082030.00 0.00 Input file digit.dat Following are lines 1 – 37 from the input file. These lines define the first polygon in the file. This is the only polygon that extends as far north as X UTM coordinate 4082030. An excerpt from the output file showing all values with this X UTM coordinate is provided below for comparison. The routine should assign a recharge value (highlighted) of 5.77 mm/yr to all cells with centers that fall within this polygon. Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 III-6 October 2001 5.77 36 555964, 4.09161E+006 555964, 4.09132E+006 555964, 4.09105E+006 555964, 4.09076E+006 555701, 4.09053E+006 555656, 4.0902E+006 555416, 4.08994E+006 555679, 4.08964E+006 555656, 4.08938E+006 555679, 4.0891E+006 555964, 4.08883E+006 555964, 4.08853E+006 555964, 4.08825E+006 555941, 4.08797E+006 555964, 4.08769E+006 555964, 4.08743E+006 555679, 4.08715E+006 555679, 4.08687E+006 555679, 4.08659E+006 555964, 4.0863E+006 555964, 4.08602E+006 555679, 4.08574E+006 555679, 4.08548E+006 555679, 4.0852E+006 Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 III-7 October 2001 555679, 4.08492E+006 555679, 4.08464E+006 555679, 4.08436E+006 555679, 4.08407E+006 555679, 4.08381E+006 555394, 4.08353E+006 555394, 4.08325E+006 555394, 4.08297E+006 555379, 4.08271E+006 555394, 4.08243E+006 555379, 4.08215E+006 555394, 4.08185E+006 Output file rech_distr_stream.dat Following are lines 3875- 3911. These lines contain all entries in the file with an X UTM coordinate of 4082030 m. Note that this file only contains values for cells with non-zero recharge values. Four cells (highlighted) have been assigned the correct value of 5.77 mm/year. The other entries in this excerpt match the non-zero entries in the excerpt of file rech_distr.dat in Attachment II. 545465.00 4082030.00 5.72 545590.00 4082030.00 5.72 545715.00 4082030.00 5.72 545840.00 4082030.00 5.72 545965.00 4082030.00 5.72 546090.00 4082030.00 5.72 546215.00 4082030.00 5.72 546340.00 4082030.00 5.72 546465.00 4082030.00 5.72 554965.00 4082030.00 5.77 555090.00 4082030.00 5.77 555215.00 4082030.00 5.77 555340.00 4082030.00 5.77 558965.00 4082030.00 9.81 559090.00 4082030.00 9.81 559215.00 4082030.00 9.81 559340.00 4082030.00 9.81 Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 III-8 October 2001 559465.00 4082030.00 9.81 559590.00 4082030.00 9.81 559715.00 4082030.00 9.81 559840.00 4082030.00 9.81 559965.00 4082030.00 9.81 560090.00 4082030.00 9.81 560215.00 4082030.00 9.81 560340.00 4082030.00 9.81 CODE LISTING program xreadreaches C C This program reads approximate nodal coordinates digitized C from map of stream reaches. It finds the nearest node in the C 125 m recharge map and changes the infiltration value to C the value specified in the first line of the digitized C coordinate file. dimension x(83054),y(83054),rech(83054) open(file='digit.dat',unit=10,status='old') open(file='rech_distr.dat',unit=11,status='old') open(file='rech_distr_stream.dat',unit=12,status='new') C Read in values of distributed recharge on 125 m mesh. C This file contains "hole" where UZ flow model exists. do 100 i=1,83054 read(11,*) x(i),y(i),rech(i) 100 continue C Read in approximate digitized locations of nodes (on 250 m C centers) of the Fortymile Canyon reach, Upper Jackass Flats C reach and the Lower Jackass Flats reach of Fortymile Wash. C Loop through locations on 125 m grid and find nodes within C 250 m of digitized channel locations. Assign recharge (mm/year) C associated with that reach to the 125 m grid node. do 400 k=1,3 read(10,*)rech_new,ndig do 300 j=1,ndig read(10,*) xx,yy distmin=5000. do 200 i=1,83054 xadj=xx-250. dist=sqrt((xadj-x(i))*(xadj-x(i))+(yy-y(i))* & (yy-y(i))) Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 III-9 October 2001 if(dist.lt.250.) then rech(i)=rech_new endif 200 continue 300 continue 400 continue C Read in approximate digitized locations of nodes (on 250 m C centers) of the Amargosa Desert reach of Fortymile Wash. C Loop through locations on 125 m grid and find nodes within C 500 m of digitized channel locations. Assign recharge (mm/year) C associated with that reach to the 125 m grid node. read(10,*)rech_new,ndig do 310 j=1,ndig read(10,*) xx,yy distmin=5000. do 210 i=1,83054 xadj=xx dist=sqrt((xadj-x(i))*(xadj-x(i))+(yy-y(i))* & (yy-y(i))) if(dist.lt.500.) then rech(i)=rech_new endif 210 continue 310 continue C Write out locations and recharge value (mm/year) for all C 125 m grid nodes that have nonzero recharge (for distributed C recharge and focused recharge along Fortymile Wash. do 40 i=1,83054 if(rech(i).ne.0.) then write(12,99) x(i),y(i),rech(i) endif 40 continue 99 format(3f15.2) C end Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 IV-1 October 2001 ATTACHMENT IV DOCUMENTATION OF FOUR xwrite_flow_new.f VERSION 1.0-XXX FORTRAN ROUTINES Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 IV-2 October 2001 ROUTINE IDENTIFICATION The routine xwrite_flow_new.f is actually a group of four nearly identical routines that differ by only the three lines of code that control the grid size of the output. The version designator incorporates the grid size in meters. The four versions are; 1.0-1000, 1.0-500, 1.0-250, and 1.0-125 for the 1000 m, 500 m, 250 m, and 125 m grid sizes respectively. These FORTRAN routines were compiled using the FORTRAN 77 compiler on a Sun workstation. INPUT AND OUTPUT FILES The input for all versions of xwrite_flow_new.f is rech_all_new.txt. This file contains the data from the Excel spreadsheet file rech_all_new.xls that has been saved in the text file rech_all_new.txt, which has the header lines removed. The output of all versions of the routine xwrite_flow_new.f is in a format suitable for input to the “flow” macro of FEHM for specified groundwater mass flux (kg/s). The resolution of the grid nodes in the output from the xwrite_flow_new.f routine is specified within the routine. The output assumes that grid nodes are numbered sequentially from the southwest corner of the SZ site-scale model domain, moving from west to east and south to north. Output files were generated for 1000 m, 500 m, 250 m, and 125 m nodal resolutions in the files wt_flow_1000.dat, wt_flow_500.dat, wt_flow_250.dat, and wt_flow_125.dat, respectively. DESCRIPTION All versions of this routine begin by reading in the coordinates and value of flux for all nodes from the input file rech_all_new.txt that includes information from rech_distr_stream.dat (see Attachment III) and from the UZ site-scale flow model (see section 6.1.4 of this AMR). The total flux for the output grid as defined by the number of nodes in the x direction (nx), number of nodes in the y direction (ny) and the grid spacing (delx), is calculated by finding the nearest node in the output grid for each node on the input grid, and summing the contribution to each output grid node. This is accomplished in the loops ending on line 300. The resolution of the output grid was changed to correspond to various resolution grids used in the SZ site-scale flow model by changing the values of nx, ny, and delx and recompiling the routine. Finally, the routine writes out the values of flux in the format required by the “flow” macro in the FEHM simulator for each node in the loop ending on line 40. VALIDATION As can be seen from the above description, all versions of the routine xwrite_flow_new.f perform two main functions: 1) find the closest node in the output grid to each entry in the input file and assign the flux associated with the entry to the identified closest node, and 2) sum the values of flux assigned to each node in the output grid. This second task is necessary because a node in the output grid can be the node closest to multiple entries Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 IV-3 October 2001 in the input file. In addition, all versions calculate the node number of each node in the output grid and write this number and the associated total flux in a format that can be read as input to the FEHM code. Validation will be by inspection of input and output files and hand calculation to ensure that locating the nearest node in the output grid and summing of flux are occurring correctly. A truncated input file with only two entries will be used so that the results can be confirmed by inspection and hand calculation. The actual input file has 13,489 entries. The concept of a range of validation is not applicable to these routines. The routines all read a single specified input file, perform the formatting function and the grid size change/summing function described above, and write to one specified output file. This can be confirmed by inspection of the code, which is provided in this attachment. The routine is valid for all values on the specified input file. Input file rech_all_new.txt (truncated) The truncated input file was created as follows. First line 12,405 of the full input file was copied to the truncated input file. This line was selected because it is at the center of the western-most grid cell containing distributed recharge (Figure 6.1.3-2). It is located 5250 m east and 750 m south of the northwest corner of the grids. Second, an artificial entry was created that varies from line 12,405 only in that the coordinates of the original entry were shifted by 1 meter to the south and west. This provides a second value of recharge to be summed at the same node on the out put grid. 538590.0 4091030.0 15625.00 5.280 0.002609562 538589.0 4091029.0 15625.00 5.280 0.002609562 Output file wt_flow_125.dat Each of the grids contains a node in the northwest corner (i.e. at the minimum value of X UTM and the maximum value of Y UTM). The offset of the first entry in the input file (5250 m east and 750 m south) is divisible by the 125 m spacing of this grid. It is clear that a node of the output grid will be located exactly at the location of the input entry. Also the second entry, located only about 1.4 m from the first, will have that same node as the closest on the output grid. Therefore, the correct result will be an output file containing the same location as the first entry of the input file, but with a flux twice the value of that entry. However the output file gives locations by node number rather than position coordinates. The 125 m output grid has 241 columns and 361 rows. Column numbers increase to the east and row numbers increase from the south. By inspection of the offset from the northwest corner, it is clear that the correct node will be in column 43 and row 355. The number of this node can be calculated by hand as : (row number –1) number columns + column number or (355 – 1) 241 + 43 = 85357 Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 IV-4 October 2001 Consequently the correct result is a single entry in the output file with node number 85357 and flux equal to two times 0.002609562. The entire output file follows. The node number is repeated as the first and second columns of the output entry and the flux is the fourth column, as high lighted. To match FEHM input convention, this routine reverses the sign on the flux value. 85357 85357 1 -0.5219E-02 1.00 0.00 Output file wt_flow_250.dat The same reasoning for the location of the nearest node in the 250 m grid holds. The node at the same location as the input entry will be in column 22, row 178. There are 121 columns and 181 rows in this grid. Consequently the correct node number is determined by the hand calculation: (178 – 1) 121 + 22 = 21439 The correct result is a single entry in the output file with node number 85357 and flux equal to the negative of two times 0.002609562. The entire output file follows. 21439 21439 1 -0.5219E-02 1.00 0.00 Output file wt_flow_500.dat The validation of this version differs in that the offset of the location in the input file is not divisible by 500m. By inspection the closest node in the output grid will have an offset from the northwest corner of 5000 m east and 1000 m south. This node is in column 11, row 89. There are 61 columns and 91 rows in this grid. Consequently the correct node number is determined by the hand calculation: (89 – 1) 61 + 11 = 5379 The correct result is a single entry in the output file with node number 5379 and flux equal to the negative of two times 0.002609562. The entire output file follows. 5379 5379 1 -0.5219E-02 1.00 0.00 Output file wt_flow_1000.dat The closest point on the 1000 m grid is the same as that on the 500m grid. This node is in column 6, row 45. There are 31 columns and 46 rows in this grid. Consequently the correct node number is determined by the hand calculation: (45 – 1) 31 + 6 = 1370 The correct result is a single entry in the output file with node number 1370 and flux equal to the negative of two times 0.002609562. The entire output file follows. Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 IV-5 October 2001 1370 1370 1 -0.5219E-02 1.00 0.00 CODE LISTING FOR VERSION 1.0-1000 program xwrite_flow_new C C This program reads in the file containing the spatial distribution C of estimated recharge which combines distributed recharge, focused C recharge, and recharge from the area of the UZ site-scale model. C This program also loops through a regular grid and sums up the C groundwater mass flux (kg/s) for each grid node. Note that the C grid node spacing is defined by the delx parameter below and the C number of nodes in the x and y directions by the parameters nx C and ny. To generate output at different nodal spacings the values C of delx, nx, and ny must be changed accordingly and the code must C be recompiled. The output file from this routine is in the C format required by the "flow" macro in FEHM for specified flux. C The node numbering in the output file assumes that nodes are C numbered sequentially from the southwest corner of the grid, C begining with node number 1 and cycling west to east and south C to north. dimension totflux(100000) open(file='rech_all_new.txt',unit=10,status='old') open(file='wt_flow.dat',unit=12,status='new') xmin=533340. xmax=563340. ymin=4046780. ymax=4091780. delx=1000. nx=31 ny=46 do 300 j=1,13489 read(10,*) xx,yy,stuff1,stuff2,flux distmin=5000. do 200 i=2,ny-1 do 200 ii=2,nx-1 x=(ii-1)*delx+xmin y=(i-1)*delx+ymin nnode=(i-1)*nx+ii dist=sqrt((xx-x)*(xx-x)+(yy-y)* & (yy-y)) if(dist.lt.distmin) then distmin=dist imin=nnode endif 200 continue totflux(imin)=totflux(imin)+flux 300 continue Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 IV-6 October 2001 do 40 j=2,ny-1 do 40 i=2,nx-1 nn=((j-1)*nx)+i if(totflux(nn).ne.0.) then write(12,99) nn,nn,1,-1*totflux(nn),1.,0. endif 40 continue 99 format(3i6,e12.4,2f10.2) C end CODE LISTING FOR VERSION 1.0-500 program xwrite_flow_new C C This program reads in the file containing the spatial distribution C of estimated recharge which combines distributed recharge, focused C recharge, and recharge from the area of the UZ site-scale model. C This program also loops through a regular grid and sums up the C groundwater mass flux (kg/s) for each grid node. Note that the C grid node spacing is defined by the delx parameter below and the C number of nodes in the x and y directions by the parameters nx C and ny. To generate output at different nodal spacings the values C of delx, nx, and ny must be changed accordingly and the code must C be recompiled. The output file from this routine is in the C format required by the "flow" macro in FEHM for specified flux. C The node numbering in the output file assumes that nodes are C numbered sequentially from the southwest corner of the grid, C begining with node number 1 and cycling west to east and south C to north. dimension totflux(100000) open(file='rech_all_new.txt',unit=10,status='old') open(file='wt_flow.dat',unit=12,status='new') xmin=533340. xmax=563340. ymin=4046780. ymax=4091780. delx=500. nx=61 ny=91 do 300 j=1,13489 read(10,*) xx,yy,stuff1,stuff2,flux distmin=5000. do 200 i=2,ny-1 do 200 ii=2,nx-1 Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 IV-7 October 2001 x=(ii-1)*delx+xmin y=(i-1)*delx+ymin nnode=(i-1)*nx+ii dist=sqrt((xx-x)*(xx-x)+(yy-y)* & (yy-y)) if(dist.lt.distmin) then distmin=dist imin=nnode endif 200 continue totflux(imin)=totflux(imin)+flux 300 continue do 40 j=2,ny-1 do 40 i=2,nx-1 nn=((j-1)*nx)+i if(totflux(nn).ne.0.) then write(12,99) nn,nn,1,-1*totflux(nn),1.,0. endif 40 continue 99 format(3i6,e12.4,2f10.2) C end CODE LISTING FOR VERSION 1.0-250 program xwrite_flow_new C C This program reads in the file containing the spatial distribution C of estimated recharge which combines distributed recharge, focused C recharge, and recharge from the area of the UZ site-scale model. C This program also loops through a regular grid and sums up the C groundwater mass flux (kg/s) for each grid node. Note that the C grid node spacing is defined by the delx parameter below and the C number of nodes in the x and y directions by the parameters nx C and ny. To generate output at different nodal spacings the values C of delx, nx, and ny must be changed accordingly and the code must C be recompiled. The output file from this routine is in the C format required by the "flow" macro in FEHM for specified flux. C The node numbering in the output file assumes that nodes are C numbered sequentially from the southwest corner of the grid, C begining with node number 1 and cycling west to east and south C to north. dimension totflux(100000) open(file='rech_all_new.txt',unit=10,status='old') Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 IV-8 October 2001 open(file='wt_flow.dat',unit=12,status='new') xmin=533340. xmax=563340. ymin=4046780. ymax=4091780. delx=250. nx=121 ny=181 do 300 j=1,13489 read(10,*) xx,yy,stuff1,stuff2,flux distmin=5000. do 200 i=2,ny-1 do 200 ii=2,nx-1 x=(ii-1)*delx+xmin y=(i-1)*delx+ymin nnode=(i-1)*nx+ii dist=sqrt((xx-x)*(xx-x)+(yy-y)* & (yy-y)) if(dist.lt.distmin) then distmin=dist imin=nnode endif 200 continue totflux(imin)=totflux(imin)+flux 300 continue do 40 j=2,ny-1 do 40 i=2,nx-1 nn=((j-1)*nx)+i if(totflux(nn).ne.0.) then write(12,99) nn,nn,1,-1*totflux(nn),1.,0. endif 40 continue 99 format(3i6,e12.4,2f10.2) C end CODE LISTING FOR VERSION 1.0-125 program xwrite_flow_new C C This program reads in the file containing the spatial distribution C of estimated recharge which combines distributed recharge, focused C recharge, and recharge from the area of the UZ site-scale model. C This program also loops through a regular grid and sums up the Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 IV-9 October 2001 C groundwater mass flux (kg/s) for each grid node. Note that the C grid node spacing is defined by the delx parameter below and the C number of nodes in the x and y directions by the parameters nx C and ny. To generate output at different nodal spacings the values C of delx, nx, and ny must be changed accordingly and the code must C be recompiled. The output file from this routine is in the C format required by the "flow" macro in FEHM for specified flux. C The node numbering in the output file assumes that nodes are C numbered sequentially from the southwest corner of the grid, C begining with node number 1 and cycling west to east and south C to north. dimension totflux(100000) open(file='rech_all_new.txt',unit=10,status='old') open(file='wt_flow.dat',unit=12,status='new') xmin=533340. xmax=563340. ymin=4046780. ymax=4091780. delx=125. nx=241 ny=361 do 300 j=1,13489 read(10,*) xx,yy,stuff1,stuff2,flux distmin=5000. do 200 i=2,ny-1 do 200 ii=2,nx-1 x=(ii-1)*delx+xmin y=(i-1)*delx+ymin nnode=(i-1)*nx+ii dist=sqrt((xx-x)*(xx-x)+(yy-y)* & (yy-y)) if(dist.lt.distmin) then distmin=dist imin=nnode endif 200 continue totflux(imin)=totflux(imin)+flux 300 continue do 40 j=2,ny-1 do 40 i=2,nx-1 nn=((j-1)*nx)+i if(totflux(nn).ne.0.) then write(12,99) nn,nn,1,-1*totflux(nn),1.,0. endif 40 continue Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 IV-10 October 2001 99 format(3i6,e12.4,2f10.2) C end Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 V-1 October 2001 ATTACHMENT V DOCUMENTATION OF THE extract.f VERSION 1.0 FORTRAN ROUTINE Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 V-2 October 2001 ROUTINE IDENTIFICATION The routine extract.f is at version 1.0. This is a FORTRAN routine that was compiled using the FORTRAN 77 compiler on a Sun workstation. INPUT AND OUTPUT FILES The input file for extract.f v. 1.0 is cbcf.new which is an unformatted output file from MODFLOWP containing flow terms. The routine writes the flow terms along each boundary of the SZ site-scale model to four separate output files named west_bdy, east_bdy, north_bdy, and south_bdy. A fifth output file named headers is also written. The headers file contains an echo of the header line for each of the four data arrays. DESCRIPTION This routine first reads a header line (first read statement) and then a block of data (second read statement). This first block of data is not used. This process is repeated three times (next six read statements). The final three blocks of data contain the values of fluxes across the right, front, and lower face of each model cell, respectively. Values of flux across the right faces are written to output files along column 62 (loop ending at statement number 20), and along column 82 (loop ending at statement number 40). Values of flux across the front faces are written to output files along row 65 (loop ending at statement number 60), and along row 95 (loop ending at statement number 80). The sign of flux is reversed in loops ending in statements 40 and 60 so that, in the output files, flux into the model domain has a positive sign. VALIDATION As can be seen from the above description, the routine extract.f performs three functions. It reads flux terms from a binary input file, writes values along selected rows and columns that correspond to the boundaries of the site-scale model, and performs a sign reversal function for the east and south boundaries so that all lateral flows into the model domain are positive and all lateral flows out of the model domain are negative. Validation by inspecting excerpts of input and output files is not possible because the input file is binary. Any routine used to generate or display a non-binary version of the input file would be essentially the same as this routine. Instead validation was achieved by two methods. First, by detailed inspection of the source code to ensure that information from the correct rows and columns was being extracted from the input file, and second by checking that the distribution of flux values corresponds correctly to known rock properties during calibration of the site-scale model. Both of these methods demonstrated that the code was performing correctly. The concept of a range of validation is not applicable to this routine. The routine reads a single specified input file, performs the extraction and sign reversal functions described Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 V-3 October 2001 above, and writes to the four specified boundary output files, plus the header file. This can be confirmed by inspection of the code, which is provided in this attachment. The routine is valid for all values on the input file. CODE LISTING program extract c c T. Corbet c 5 May 1999 c c This program extracts cell-by-cell flow values from a c Modflowp binary output file (cbcf.new). This output c file was generated by running the executable and input c files contained in the Technical Data Management c System DTN GS960808312144.003 for the USGS 1997 c flow model of the Death Valley regional ground-water c flow system. The flow terms extracted are for the c latteral boundaries of the site-scale model. The c following values are extracted: c west boundary: east (right) face of column 62 for rows 66-95 c east boundary: east (right) face of column 82 for rows 66-95 c north boundary: south (front) face of row 65 for columns 63-82 c south boundary: south (front) face of row 95 for columns 63-82 c c The Modflowp output is written in arrays dimensioned c (number columns, number rows, number layers) or c (153,163,3). Four arrarys are in the file. The first c records flows due to constant head nodes and is read c but not written by this program. The next three arrays contain c flows across the right (xcomp), front (ycomp), and lower (zcomp) c faces of each model cell,respectively. Values for flow c across the lower face are also read but not written. c c Values are for volumetric flows with units of cubic meters per day. c c This program reads the unformatted file cbcf.new and c writes to formatted files west_bdy, east_bdy, north_bdy, c south_bdy, and headers. The headers file contains an c echo of the header line for each of the four data c arrays. c c Modflowp writes flows such that positive values are in c the direction of increasing index value, i.e positive c to the east (right), south (front), and downward. c This progarm reverses the sign for flows on the east c and south boundaries so that flows into the c site-scale domain are positive inward on all c boundaries. c character*4 text character*4 textx Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 V-4 October 2001 character*4 texty character*4 textz c dimension text(4) dimension textx(4) dimension texty(4) dimension textz(4) dimension dummy(153,163,3) dimension xcomp(153,163,3),ycomp(153,163,3),zcomp(153,163,3) c open (10,file='cbcf.new',status='old',form='unformatted') open (11,file='west_bdy',status='unknown') open (12,file='east_bdy',status='unknown') open (13,file='north_bdy',status='unknown') open (14,file='south_bdy',status='unknown') open (15,file='headers',status='unknown') c c read Modflowp cell-by-cell flow terms from binary file read (10) kstp,kper,text,ncol,nrow,nlay read (10) dummy read (10) kstpx,kperx,textx,ncolx,nrowx,nlayx read (10) xcomp read (10) kstpy,kpery,texty,ncoly,nrowy,nlayy read (10) ycomp read (10) kstpz,kperz,textz,ncolz,nrowz,nlayz read (10) zcomp c c echo header information write (15,*) kstp,kper,text,ncol,nrow,nlay write (15,*) kstpx,kperx,textx,ncolx,nrowx,nlayx write (15,*) kstpy,kpery,texty,ncoly,nrowy,nlayy write (15,*) kstpz,kperz,textz,ncolz,nrowz,nlayz c c write new headers write (11,*) ' col row layer1 layer2 layer3' write (12,*) ' col row layer1 layer2 layer3' write (13,*) ' col row layer1 layer2 layer3' write (14,*) ' col row layer1 layer2 layer3' c c extract flows on west boundary i=62 do 20 j=66,95 write (11,1) i,j,(xcomp(i,j,k), k=1,3) 20 continue c c extract flows on east boundary, reverse sign i=82 do 40 j=66,95 write (12,1) i,j,(-xcomp(i,j,k), k=1,3) 40 continue c c extract flows on north boundary j=65 do 60 i=63,82 write (13,1) i,j,(ycomp(i,j,k), k=1,3) Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 V-5 October 2001 60 continue c c extract flows on south boundary, reverse sign j=95 do 80 i=63,82 write (14,1) i,j,(-ycomp(i,j,k), k=1,3) 80 continue c 1 format (2i5,3f12.4) c stop end Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 VI-1 October 2001 ATTACHMENT VI DOCUMENTATION OF THE Corpscon VERSION 5.11 ROUTINE Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 VI-2 October 2001 ROUTINE IDENTIFICATION The Corpscon routine used in the AMR is at version 5.11. It is a public domain routine developed by and available through the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. DESCRIPTION The Corpscon Windows-based routine is for performing simple geographical coordinate conversions from state plane coordinates to UTM coordinates. The routine is considered to be exempt software since its only function is to perform coordinate conversions in a manner analogous to a hand calculator performing metric to English conversions. The executable file and supporting files for this routine are contained in the electronic archive for this report in the TDMS (DTN SN9908T0581999.001). VALIDATION Though the Corpscon routine is considered exempt, it was deemed prudent to check the accuracy of the routine in the Yucca Mountain area. For the purpose of this AMR, an agreement to within one meter (1.0 m) between the results of Corpscon and published values was considered acceptable. Validation is performed by using the routine to calculate the UTM coordinates for some example locations, given the coordinates in the Nevada State Plane coordinate system. The results are compared to published values of the UTM coordinates for those example locations. The example locations used in the validation are for borehole locations taken from the Yucca Mountain Project Geographical Information database. The coordinates of the boreholes in the Nevada State Plane coordinate system used to validate the Corpscon routine are contained in a table (DTN MO9906GPS98410.000, file bores2.xls) and the coordinates of the same boreholes in the UTM system are contained in another table (DOE 1997, Table YMP97- 05-04). The results of the validation exercise are shown in Table VI-1. Table VI-1. Validation Results for the Corpscon Software Routine. Borehole Identifier Nevada State Plane Northing (ft) a Nevada State Plane Easting (ft) a UTM Northing (m) b UTM Easting (m) b UTM Northing (m) (Corpscon) UTM Easting (m) (Corpscon) WT-10 748771.56 553302.31 4073388.6 545976.0 4073388.8 545976.1 WT-12 739726.69 567011.81 4070647.0 550162.9 4070647.2 550163.1 WT-14 761651.38 575210.19 4077336.5 552638.0 4077336.7 552638.0 WT-15 766117.00 579806.25 4078702.2 554033.6 4078702.4 554033.8 a Source: DTN: MO9906GPS98410.000. b Source: DOE 1997, Table YMP97-05-04. Comparison of the UTM coordinate values from the published source (DOE 1997, Table YMP97-05-04) and from the Corpscon routine indicates a maximum discrepancy of 0.2 Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 VI-3 October 2001 m. This degree of accuracy is well within the 1.0 m acceptance criterion and is therefore sufficient for the application of the routine in this analysis. Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 VII-1 October 2001 ATTACHMENT VII INTERNAL QUALIFICATION OF THE DEATH VALLEY REGIONAL GROUNDWATER FLOW MODEL Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 VII-2 October 2001 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This Internal Data Qualification Report uses technical assessment methods to evaluate the appropriateness of unqualified inputs and outputs from the Death Valley regional groundwater flow model (D’Agnese et al. 1997) for use in Analysis/Model Report S0010, Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, ANL-NBS-MD-000010 (CRWMS M&0 1999b). This qualification report was prepared as an attachment to this document in conformance with AP-3.10Q, Rev. 2, ICN 4, ECN 1, Analyses and Models. The Death Valley regional groundwater flow model was prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey and has been published by the U.S. Geological Survey as a Water Resources Investigations Report. Inputs to the regional model were used to identify groundwater recharge across the upper surface of the Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project’s saturated zone site-scale flow and transport model, and outputs from the regional model were used to identify groundwater flow across the lateral boundaries of the site-scale model. The Data Qualification Team found the Death Valley regional flow model database to be well researched, the model to be appropriately constructed, and the resulting output to provide a reasonable simulation of regional groundwater flow. Several approaches to estimating recharge from precipitation were evaluated by the regional model’s authors before deciding on a modification of an empirical relationship developed by Maxey and Eakin (1950). Shortcomings of other, more recent techniques were identified, particularly for application to desert areas where small amounts of recharge were ignored. Within the area of the saturated zone site-scale model, the recharge fluxes from the regional model are consistent with similar magnitude fluxes independently estimated from the unsaturated zone flow model and from focused recharge from Fortymile Wash. The Maxey-Eakin method is widely used and accepted by the technical community and is appropriate for use in the regional model. The effective residual between actual and simulated heads was determined to be 45 m for most wells in the regional model. The Data Qualification Team considers this overall goodness-of-fit to be not good but acceptable. Because the goodness-of-fit is a measure of the model’s accuracy, a degree of uncertainty must be associated with the regional model outputs used to identify lateral flux boundary conditions for the site-scale model. These uncertainties were adequately addressed by using the regional model fluxes not as absolute values but as targets during site-scale model calibration. The Data Qualification Team has concluded that the Death Valley regional flow model provides a qualified source of data for establishing recharge and lateral flux boundary conditions for the saturated zone site-scale flow and transport model. In accordance with AP-3.10Q, this finding qualifies these data only for their intended uses in this document. The regional model’s source DTN GS960808312144.003 will remain unqualified for other uses. Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 VII-3 October 2001 CONTENTS Pages EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..........................................................................................VII-2 VII-1. INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................VII-4 VII-1.1 PURPOSE.............................................................................................VII-4 VII-1.2 SCOPE..................................................................................................VII-4 VII-1.3 DATA QUALIFICATION TEAM.......................................................VII-5 VII-1.4 BACKGROUND ..................................................................................VII-5 VII-2. QUALIFICATION APPROACH..................................................................VII-6 VII-2.1 QUALIFICATION METHODS...........................................................VII-6 VII-2.2 EVALUATION CRITERIA .................................................................VII-7 VII-3. EVALUATION RESULTS ...........................................................................VII-7 VII-3.1 INPUT DATABASE ............................................................................VII-7 VII-3.1.1 Discharge Component...........................................................................VII-8 VII-3.1.2 Recharge Component............................................................................VII-8 VII-3.1.3 Regional Hydrogeologic Framework..................................................VII-10 VII-3.1.4 Regional Groundwater Movement......................................................VII-11 VII-3.1.5 Discussion ...........................................................................................VII-11 VII-3.2 CODE SELECTION AND MODEL DEVELOPMENT ...................VII-12 VII-3.3 MODEL OUTPUT..............................................................................VII-13 VII-3.4 SUMMARY OF EVALUATION RESULTS ....................................VII-16 VII-4. EVALUATION CONCLUSIONS...............................................................VII-17 VII-5. RECOMMENDATIONS.............................................................................VII-18 TABLES Pages Table VII-1. Unqualified DTN Considered in this Attachment ...................................VII-5 Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 VII-4 October 2001 VII-1. INTRODUCTION VII-1.1 PURPOSE This Internal Data Qualification Report evaluates the appropriateness of unqualified inputs and outputs from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) flow model of the Death Valley regional groundwater system for use in this Analysis/Model Report (AMR), Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, ANL-NBS-MD-000010, Rev. 00 (CRWMS M&O 1999b). This qualification report also evaluates the methods used in this AMR to develop boundary conditions from the regional modeling results. The regional model was developed in part to support site-scale modeling for the Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project (YMP). Inputs to the regional model were used in this AMR to identify groundwater recharge across the upper surface of the site-scale model and outputs from the regional model were used to identify groundwater flow across the lateral boundaries of the site-scale model. This evaluation was performed in accordance with the internal data qualification requirements of AP-3.10Q, Rev. 2, ICN 4, ECN 1, Analyses and Models. A limited finding that the regional model is internally qualified means that it is qualified to support the Site Recommendation and may also be used to support the License Application, but only for the uses made in this AMR. The appropriateness and limitations of the data with respect to intended use are addressed in this attachment. In accordance with Attachment 1 of AP-3.15Q, Rev. 3, Managing Technical Product Inputs, it has been determined that the unqualified data evaluated in this attachment are not used in the direct calculation of Principal Factors for postclosure safety or disruptive events. Therefore, in accordance with AP-SIII.2Q, Rev. 0, ICN 3, Qualification of Unqualified Data and the Documentation of Rationale for Accepted Data, Section 5.1.1, concurrence by the U.S. Department of Energy Assistant Manager, Office of Project Execution, is not required. VII-1.2 SCOPE This attachment was prepared according to the internal data qualification plan presented in Addendum N of the Technical Work Plan for Saturated Zone Flow and Transport Modeling and Testing (BSC 2001c). The Internal Data Qualification Plan identifies one data tracking number (DTN GS960808312144.003) containing unqualified, developed hydrogeological data associated with the Death Valley regional groundwater flow model. This DTN is identified in Table VII-1. These data consist of the groundwater flow model and its input database. The model and database are archived in the YMP’s Model Warehouse directory GS960808312144.003/milrep/finalmod/ and can be accessed through the aforementioned DTN. The USGS WRIR 96-4300, Hydrogeologic Evaluation and Numerical Simulation of the Death Valley Regional Ground-Water Flow System, Nevada and California (D’Agnese et al. 1997), is cited in the Model Warehouse Dataset as providing information on the model. Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 VII-5 October 2001 Table VII-1. Unqualified DTN Considered in this Attachment DTN Title GS960808312144.003 Hydrogeologic Evaluation and Numerical Simulation of the Death Valley Regional Ground-Water Flow System, Nevada and California, Using Geoscientific Information Systems. DTN GS960808312144.003 is unqualified because it contains data collected prior to implementation of a YMP-approved USGS quality assurance program. In addition to the recharge and lateral flow data used in this AMR, the data set contains other information that was not directly used in the AMR and is not within the scope of this qualification activity. This qualification report focuses on the specific data selected to support the saturated zone site-scale groundwater flow model in this AMR. To the extent that only subsets of data within this DTN were used, only those data are evaluated for qualification. VII-1.3 DATA QUALIFICATION TEAM Chairperson. The Chairperson for this internal data qualification, Bill Arnold, is the originator of this AMR. Team Member. The team member for this internal data qualification, Jan Bostelman, is the checker for the ICN to this AMR. VII-1.4 BACKGROUND Development of the data from DTN GS960808312144.003 that were used in this AMR is described in USGS WRIR 96-4300, Hydrogeologic Evaluation and Numerical Simulation of the Death Valley Regional Ground-Water Flow System, Nevada and California (D’Agnese et al. 1997). Although the regional groundwater flow model is unqualified because its database does not fully meet the YMP quality assurance requirements, the model construction and review were performed in accordance with YMP quality assurance procedures, the model was developed and reviewed in accordance with USGS policy, and the model results were formally published in a WRIR after receiving the USGS Director’s approval (D’Agnese et al. 1997, p. 4). The domain of the YMP saturated zone site-scale flow and transport model lies entirely within the larger domain of the regional flow model. Three sources of information were used in this AMR to develop estimates of groundwater recharge across the upper surface of the site-scale model. The first of these was the regional model’s input database, which contains estimates of recharge across the entire Death Valley region including the area of the site-scale model. The second information source for recharge was the flow across the lower, water table boundary of the YMP unsaturated zone site-scale flow model. The domain of the unsaturated zone site-scale model lies entirely within the larger domain of the saturated zone site-scale model. Within the unsaturated zone model domain, recharge Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 VII-6 October 2001 from the unsaturated zone model replaces recharge from the regional model. The third information source was a USGS WRIR that provided an estimate of focused recharge along Fortymile Wash (Savard 1998). Within the area of Fortymile Wash, recharge to the saturated zone site-scale model is equal to the estimated recharge from flow in the wash. Only the first of these data sources, the regional model, is addressed in this attachment. Outflow from the unsaturated zone model is technical product output, and the estimates of recharge from Fortymile Wash have been separately qualified (BSC 2001a). Output from the regional model was used in this AMR to develop estimates of groundwater flow across the lateral boundaries of the saturated zone site-scale model. The AMR uses a nested model approach, where uncertainties in boundary conditions for the smaller model are reduced by developing them from internal flow patterns calculated within a larger model. The increased precision and accuracy required in a site-specific study, such as at Yucca Mountain, requires fine gridding. To increase computational efficiency, the site model is reduced in size with the consequence that the model boundaries are often not optimally located where groundwater flow conditions are well understood. To increase the accuracy of the assigned boundary conditions, it is common to develop them from a larger, coarser gridded model that allows boundaries to be more optimally located, for example, at groundwater divides. This is the process followed in this AMR by using the regional model to develop boundary conditions for the saturated zone site-scale model. VII-2. QUALIFICATION APPROACH VII-2.1 QUALIFICATION METHODS The regional model is unqualified because its input data are unqualified. The regional hydrologic and geologic data required for the model were collected outside the YMP because no other data were available (D’Agnese et al. 1997, p. 4). However, model construction and review were performed in accordance with accepted YMP quality assurance procedures and USGS policy (D’Agnese et al. 1997, p. 4). In view of these conditions and the essentially unique status of the model in depicting regional groundwater flow, the data were evaluated for their intended use in this AMR by technical assessment. An evaluation was performed of the appropriateness and accuracy of the methods used by the USGS to develop the regional model inputs and outputs used in this AMR. Technical assessments focused on the methodology used to prepare the model inputs and perform the modeling. The assessments also considered the appropriateness of the model results for the applied uses in this AMR and the accuracy requirements associated with those uses. Because the modeling was performed on a regional basis in an area with unevenly distributed data and complex hydrogeology, the modeling results were expected to be Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 VII-7 October 2001 approximate. Such results can be appropriately used so long as consideration is given to limitations on their accuracy, precision, and representativeness for an intended use. VII-2.2 EVALUATION CRITERIA Evaluation Criteria: The unqualified data were evaluated for use in this document based on consideration of the following evaluation criteria. These criteria were selected to incorporate the considerations in AP-SIII.2Q, Attachment 2, the applicable qualification process attributes listed in AP-SIII.2Q, Attachment 3, and the data-specific considerations identified in Section VII-3. 1. Are the methods used to develop the Death Valley regional groundwater model reasonable and generally accepted by the technical community? 2. Are the methods used in this AMR to develop boundary conditions from the regional modeling results reasonable and generally accepted by the technical community? 3. Are there more appropriate sources of information for developing the boundary conditions required in this AMR? 4. Are the boundary condition data and their associated uncertainties acceptable for their intended use? Recommendation Criteria: A recommendation for internal qualification is based on the satisfactory resolution of the evaluation criteria. Although these criteria are considered in determining whether the data are appropriate for their intended use in this AMR, the final conclusions of the Data Qualification Team are based on a preponderance of evidence, and not all of the evaluation criteria may be applied. VII-3. EVALUATION RESULTS A technical assessment of the Death Valley regional flow model (D’Agnese et al. 1997) was performed by evaluating the approach used to develop the model's input database, the code selection and model development processes, and the assessment of the model output. Each of these elements of the review is discussed in the following sections of this attachment. VII-3.1 INPUT DATABASE The methods used to compile the regional model’s input database were reviewed with special emphasis on the recharge data that were directly used in this AMR. The model was constructed using methods that have been widely accepted within the technical community. The model was based primarily on existing data, accompanied by extensive analysis and synthesis. In compiling the input database, heavy reliance was placed on the USGS National Water Information System (NWIS) database and on formal USGS publications, such as Professional Papers, Water Resources Investigations Reports, and Water Supply Papers. These are considered accepted data sources by the YMP. Accepted data from NWIS include data collected before May 27, 1986, as well as data collected after that date that were not funded through the YMP (Mellington 2001). Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 VII-8 October 2001 Accepted data from formal USGS publications include data collected prior to May 3, 1989, as well as data collected after that date that were not collected as part of site characterization activities for the YMP (Mellington 2000). New methods of storage, retrieval, and analysis of the complex input database were used that take advantage of recent advances in the technology of Geoscientific Information Systems (GSIS). Emphasis on the input database focused on identifying regional discharge, recharge including interbasin flows, the regional hydrogeologic framework, and the regional patterns of groundwater movement. VII-3.1.1 Discharge Component The discharge component of groundwater movement within the region was quantified by measuring spring flows, estimating evapotranspiration by phreatophytes and wet playas, and estimating groundwater pumping (D’Agnese et al. 1997, p. 43). The greatest discharges were found to be evaporation from wet playas and evapotranspiration by plants. Detailed maps of the distributions of specific phreatophytes were developed for this study that included all areas in the region where significant groundwater discharges may occur from vegetation or moist, bare soil. Springs that discharge from the regional groundwater flow system were included in this study (D’Agnese et al. 1997, p. 44). These springs typically emerge from the valley fill and carbonate aquifer at low elevations along the borders or on the floor of some valleys. Groundwater pumping was estimated based on average annual consumptive use for the various commercial, irrigation, mining, and domestic applications in the region. These average rates were assumed based on best estimate information and were believed to offer the best available data on pumping rates (D’Agnese et al. 1997, p. 47). VII-3.1.2 Recharge Component The recharge component of groundwater movement was quantified from precipitation data and estimates of interbasin flows at the model boundaries. Because of the uncertainty in some significant elements of the water balance, such as evapotranspiration rates and interbasin flows, the smaller contributions of surface water runoff and irrigation return flows were ignored in the study. Several approaches to estimating recharge from precipitation were evaluated by D’Agnese et al. (1997) before deciding on a modification of an empirical relationship developed by Maxey and Eakin (1950). Shortcomings of other, more recent techniques were discussed, particularly for application to desert areas where small amounts of recharge, such as the amount that probably occurs at Yucca Mountain, were ignored (D’Agnese et al. 1997, p. 51). Although acknowledged to provide an empirical estimate, the Maxey-Eakin method is widely used and accepted by the technical community and was also used in preparing the YMP AMR, Simulation of Net Infiltration for Modern and Potential Future Climates (USGS 2000). The Maxey-Eakin method was modified in the regional model to make it more sensitive to the four critical potential recharge indicators within the region: altitude, slope-aspect, relative rock and soil permeability, and vegetation (D’Agnese et al. 1997, p. 52). Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 VII-9 October 2001 Regional maps were prepared for each of these indicators and the recharge potential for each area was classified on a six-point scale. The four maps were then overlaid to produce a single map that combined the recharge ratings and a final recharge database, reclassified into six zones, was prepared. As with the Maxey-Eakin method, these recharge potential classes were assigned distinctive percentages of mean annual precipitation that are expected to contribute to recharge. Within the study area, these percentages ranged from zero in areas of no (or very low) recharge potential to 30 percent in areas of highest potential. The accuracy and suitability of the refined Maxey-Eakin method were evaluated by D’Agnese et al. (1997, p. 55). The locations of low-temperature springs (indicative of shallow groundwater flow) were compared with uphill area recharge potentials. Areas uphill from low temperature springs, regardless of altitude, were found to coincide with predicted regional recharge areas. Also, because of the vegetation constraints imposed, all predicted recharge areas were restricted to zones classified as either coniferous forests, pinon-juniper woodlands, or mixed transition shrublands. The suitability of the method was also evaluated by comparing total recharge volumes in individual hydrographic basins with those estimated in previous investigations. Generally higher rates were estimated for the regional model in higher elevation basins and generally lower rates were estimated in the central and southern parts of the region. Overall, the D’Agnese et al. (1997, p. 55) estimates were 30 percent higher than if the unmodified Maxey-Eakin method had been used. Reasons forwarded for this difference include a slightly higher estimated average annual rainfall, greater recharge potential in high elevation areas than previously estimated, and a reduced accuracy of the Maxey-Eakin method outside the area of the northern Great Basin where the empirical relationships of Maxey and Eakin (1950) were developed (D’Agnese et al. 1997, p. 55). D’Agnese et al. (1997, p. 55) conclude that while the prepared maps may not exactly describe recharge locations on a local scale, they appear to be appropriate for delineating large-scale zones of recharge. They note, however, that even with the better defined potential recharge areas, the rates are still based on empirical estimates rather than actual measurements and reflect a significant unknown flux in the regional modeling (D’Agnese et al. 1997, p. 55). The recharge fluxes from the regional model are consistent with similar magnitude fluxes independently estimated from the unsaturated zone site-scale flow model and from the focused recharge from Fortymile Wash. This consistency is illustrated in Figure 6.1.3-2 of this AMR, which shows recharge rates from all three sources on the same map. The correlation between topography and recharge is similar in the regional and the unsaturated zone models, both of which show decreasing recharge with decreasing elevations to the south. The magnitudes of recharge are also similar, although the range of values is larger at the more-refined site- scale. Figure 6.1.2-1 shows localized regions within the domain of the UZ site-scale model in which simulated recharge exceeds 20 mm/year. Simulated values approach 100 mm/year in several model cells and the maximum value is 729 mm/year. Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 VII-10 October 2001 The more refined site-scale and Fortymile Wash analyses supplement the coarser, regional-scale analysis. The regional model focuses on broad topographical and vegetal considerations. It does not account for the refined topography of Yucca Mountain captured in the site-scale model, nor does it specifically account for localized recharge from runoff in Fortymile Wash. Although residual uncertainties affect all three sources of recharge data, the total recharge mass flux of about 49 kg/s into the saturated zone sitescale flow and transport model is small compared to the total mass flux of about 870 kg/s calculated for the lateral boundaries of the model. Residual uncertainties in the recharge will therefore have relatively little impact on the overall modeling results. The recharge data developed from the regional model input files were directly used in the saturated zone site-scale flow and transport model but were redistributed prior to use to avoid artificially high heads in areas of high recharge rates (CRWMS M&O 2000, Section 6.1.4). Beneath the potential repository site, where vertical seepage may be an important transport mechanism for migrating radionuclides, the recharge is comprehensively defined and integrated into the upper boundary of the saturated zone site-scale flow and transport model. Although lateral flow is expected across all boundaries of the saturated zone site-scale flow model, most lateral boundaries of the regional model are located where no groundwater flow occurs. Most of these boundaries result from the presence of lowpermeability bedrock. Interbasin flows occur where the permeability of the bedrock is high enough to allow significant groundwater flow and where a hydraulic gradient exists across the boundary. Significant inflows may occur into the modeled region at ten different locations, most of which have little of the data needed to estimate flow rates (D’Agnese et al. 1997, p. 59). No significant discharge from the region is thought to occur through interbasin flow. Although flows were estimated for each of these areas based on available information and the uncertainties in these estimates are high (D’Agnese et al. 1997, p. 71), the recharge from these sources is small compared to infiltration from precipitation and the effects of boundary condition uncertainties on the regional model are therefore also assessed to be small. The practice of determining boundary conditions for a smaller, nested model from the internal flow patterns of a larger model with better-defined boundary conditions is appropriately used to reduce uncertainty in the smaller model. VII-3.1.3 Regional Hydrogeologic Framework The regional hydrogeologic framework accounts for the influences of stratigraphy and geologic structure on groundwater movement, the hydrologic properties of the hydrogeologic units, and the regional potentiometric surface. The framework is a geometrical configuration of the regional hydrogeologic structure designed to support the regional model. A regional digital elevation model was combined with geologic maps to provide a three-dimensional series of points locating the outcrops of individual geologic formations, geologic cross sections and borehole lithologic logs. The surface and subsurface data were then interpolated to define the tops of hydrogeologic units Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 VII-11 October 2001 (D’Agnese et al. 1997, p. 33). Minor faults and other structures that were not considered to influence regional hydrology were not generally included in the model. The distribution of hydraulic conductivity values was defined as part of the hydrogeologic framework. The conductivities initially assigned to each model cell were varied by rock type, depth, degree of faulting, degree of weathering, grain size, and degree of welding, as appropriate to the rock type (D’Agnese et al. 1997, p. 42). A new potentiometric surface was constructed for this study using regional water level data from wells, boundaries of perennial marshes and ponds, topographic elevations, regional spring locations, the locations of recharge and discharge areas, and hydrogeologic information (D’Agnese et al. 1997, p. 56). In this sparsely-populated area, well data are concentrated in alluvial valleys and data are generally lacking in consolidated bedrock. Supplemental information was developed from other sources such as the elevations of perennial marshes and ponds, and the elevations of regional springs and playa discharge areas. Manual adjustments to the potentiometric surface were made to reflect the steeper hydraulic gradients in lower permeability rocks and the development of groundwater highs in regional recharge areas. GSIS methods were used to represent the considerable array of three-dimensional data used in constructing the regional model. The GSIS is a relatively new, three-dimensional extension of the traditional two-dimensional Geographic Information System (GIS), and its development and application to the Death Valley regional modeling is extensively described by D’Agnese et al. (1997, pp. 22 through 33). VII-3.1.4 Regional Groundwater Movement For purposes of discussing groundwater movement, the regional system was divided into three subregional flow systems. Conceptual descriptions of groundwater movement in each of these systems are presented by D’Agnese et al. (1997, p. 62) and are used to help evaluate the modeling results. Compilations of inflows and outflows from these subregions were used by D’Agnese et al. (1997, p. 71) to prepare an estimated water budget for the region. D’Agnese et al. (1997, p. 71) are correct in stating that, because of the uncertainties involved, water budgets generally provide only gross indications of the accuracy of the major flow components. Based only on the aforementioned estimates of inflows and outflows and not on modeling results, regional outflows (about 374,000 m3/day) were found to exceed regional inflows (about 344,000 m3/day) by about 30,000 m3/day (D’Agnese et al. 1997, Table 13). Not included in the water budget is an estimated 89,000 m3/day groundwater pumping which is represented as a change in storage. However, because the regional model is steady-state, changes in storage cannot be accommodated because they represent nonequilibrium conditions (D’Agnese et al. 1997, p. 72). The pumping was treated as a groundwater discharge in the final modeling. VII-3.1.5 Discussion The regional model’s input database was diligently compiled using appropriate methodologies that take into account the difficulties of handling large amounts of data for Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 VII-12 October 2001 a large and complex region, as well as the uncertainties that are present in much of the developed information. The care taken in developing the regional hydrogeologic framework was appreciated, as was the use of the new GSIS techniques for managing the data. Discharges from evapotranspiration, playa evaporation, spring flow, and pumping were well researched, particularly the evapotranspiration component which constituted the largest single source of discharge. Recharge was dominated by infiltration of precipitation, which remained somewhat uncertain despite the large effort put into its quantification. The effort expended by D’Agnese et al. (1997) to corroborate the various model inputs lent credibility to their results. Given that the average estimated regional recharge from infiltration of 312,300 m3/day (D’Agnese et al. 1997, Table 13) amounts to over 90 percent of the total regional inflow, it is not surprising that the model should be quite sensitive to this parameter (D’Agnese et al. 1997, Figure 43). D’Agnese et al. (1997, p. 55) make the statement that the “...recharge rates are still based on empirical estimates rather than actual measured rates and reflect a significant unknown flux in modeling this region.” This statement is overly cautious. While the uncertainty associated with this parameter is certainly high, its value is far from being unknown. Although a high degree of uncertainty is also associated with interbasin flow at the model boundaries, the volumes involved are estimated to be small relative to the total water budget in the model, and the modeling results are not expected to be sensitive to this parameter. D’Agnese et al. (1997, p. 72) are appropriately concerned about the inability of a steady state model to adequately incorporate changes in the volume of groundwater in storage from pumping. Incorporating such withdrawals as discharges in a steady state model results in other discharges being proportionately reduced so that a balance between recharge and discharge is maintained. While this may, in part, explain the model’s tendency to underestimate current discharges from the larger springs, including pumping as a constant discharge in the model will tend to make it more representative of long term, developed conditions that are of primary interest to performance assessment at Yucca Mountain. VII-3.2 CODE SELECTION AND MODEL DEVELOPMENT The MODFLOWP code was used for the Death Valley regional flow study. MODFLOWP is an adaptation of the USGS MODFLOW code that allows nonlinear regression to be used in the calibration process (D’Agnese et al. 1997, p. 72). Although more refined interim databases were developed, the final model was constructed with three vertical layers (D’Agnese et al. 1997, p.75) and a 1,500 m grid spacing (D’Agnese et al. 1997, p. 37). D’Agnese et al. (1997, p. 37) found this configuration to be sufficiently detailed to support the regional modeling effort and allowed the entire area to be displayed as a single model using available computers. The two upper model layers simulate local and subregional flow mostly within valley-fill alluvium, volcanic rocks, and shallow carbonate rocks. The third and deepest layer simulates regional flow in Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 VII-13 October 2001 volcanic, carbonate and clastic rocks (D’Agnese et al. 1997, p. 75). Each model layer contains several hydrogeologic framework model units (D’Agnese et al. 1997, p. 77). The bottom of the model is located 2,750 m below the interpreted water table (D’Agnese et al. 1997, p. 75). The mapped input databases were resampled to a 1,500 m lateral grid spacing and reclassified to simplify the final model. For example, simplification of the hydraulic conductivity database in the final model resulted in the definition of four hydraulic conductivity zones representing very small to large conductivity values and the 50th percentile conductivity values were used as initial estimates in the model (D’Agnese et al. 1997, p. 77). This simplified the number of parameters that were varied in the calibration process. The model was calibrated by varying the locations and types of boundary conditions and the interpretation of the hydrogeologic framework until acceptable matches were made with measured hydraulic heads and spring flows. Nonlinear regression methods were used to estimate parameter values that produced the best fit to observed heads and flows (D’Agnese et al. 1997, p. 72). Hydraulic conductivities, vertical anisotropy ratios, recharge potentials, spring conductance, and groundwater pumping were varied during the calibration process (D’Agnese et al. 1997, p. 84). No modifications were made to conceptual models during calibration simply to improve the model fit (D’Agnese et al. 1997, p. 86) and the parameter values estimated by the regression process remained reasonable. Supporting independent hydrogeologic criteria were needed before modifications were made (D’Agnese et al. 1997, p. 86). Detailed analysis of the calibration results identified previously overlooked spurious data, such as head observations from perched zones, incorrectly recorded head data, springs that issued from local instead of regional groundwater, and incorrect spring altitudes. Use of the MODFLOWP code in constructing the model is appropriate. The MODFLOW code has become an industry standard and the advantages of the MODFLOWP adaptation in simplifying the calibration process and evaluating the model results are clearly explained by D’Agnese et al. (1997, p. 95). It is always regretful when a detailed model database has to be simplified to accommodate operational constraints, but the reasons for such simplification are understood. The restraint exercised by D’Agnese et al. in not modifying the model without supporting hydrogeologic criteria and in maintaining the hydraulic parameter values within reasonable bounds is also appreciated. VII-3.3 MODEL OUTPUT The regional flow model was validated by comparing model outputs with the regional potentiometric surface, hydraulic head measurements in individual wells, hydraulic gradients, and spring discharges (D’Agnese et al. 1997, p. 94). D’Agnese et al. (1997, p. 104) conclude that a general comparison of the simulated hydraulic heads with the regional potentiometric surface map indicates that the regional model depicts major features of the head distribution very well. Although this conclusion was confirmed by a comparison of the estimated potentiometric surface in D'Agnese et al.'s (1997) Figure 27 Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 VII-14 October 2001 with the simulated surfaces in their Figures 48 through 53, the simulated surfaces are considerably smoother and do not exhibit the variability of the estimated surface. In areas of flatter hydraulic gradients, simulated heads were within 75 m of observed well levels everywhere in the model and generally within 50 m. Based on the standard error of the regression of simulated and observed heads, the effective model fit for most wells is 45 m (D’Agnese et al. 1997, p. 94). In areas of steep gradients, the differences between simulated and measured heads are as large as 300 m. D’Agnese et al. (1997, p. 94) consider this match to be good in view of the 2,000 m head drop across the system. D’Agnese et al. (1997, p. 104) consider good fits to have residuals of less than 20 m (one percent of the total head drop), moderate fits to have residuals of 20 m to 60 m, and poor fits to have residuals greater than 60 m. By this definition, the overall goodness-of-fit would be considered moderate. Matching spring flows was found to be difficult and the measured values were generally underestimated. The sum of all simulated spring flows is 51,700 m3/day, whereas the sum of all observed spring flows is 120,000 m3/day (D’Agnese et al. 1997, p. 94). This difference may be primarily due to the model’s inability to allow for changes in storage. D’Agnese et al. (1997, p. 104) note that an indication of nonrandom distribution of head residuals in the model subregions suggests that the model may be in error. However, across the entire model the residuals do generally vary randomly about zero (D’Agnese et al. 1997, Figure 56). The overall water budget for the model is good, with inflows balancing outflows within 2,000 m3/day (D’Agnese et al. 1997, Table 17). In this water budget calculation, pumping is included among the regional discharges. D’Agnese et al.’s (1997, p. 104) definitions of goodness-of-fit are appropriate and indicate that this model provides a moderately accurate simulation of the Death Valley regional flow system. Considering the large size of the region, the hydrogeologic complexity, and the relatively sparse data, achieving any better overall validation accuracy would have been surprising. The team found that the Death Valley regional flow model database was well researched, the model was appropriately constructed, and the resulting output provides a reasonable simulation of regional groundwater flow despite the possibility of model error indicated by the authors (D’Agnese et al. 1997, p. 112). The residual uncertainty in the model simulations is well described by its authors (D’Agnese et al. 1997, pp. 95 to 112). Uncertainties in the model output are of potential concern because the simulated fluxes along the boundaries of the saturated zone site-scale model account for most of the flow through that model. Available measures of overall model uncertainty include comparisons of predicted and measured heads, and the water balance residual. As previously mentioned, the overall goodness-of-fit to measured heads is considered moderate, and the water budget residual of 2,000 m3/day is about 0.5 percent of the total daily flow of about 406,000 m3/day through the model domain (D’Agnese et al. 1997, Table 17). Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 VII-15 October 2001 In this AMR, the fluxes in the three regional model layers were combined to provide total flow across the boundary for vertical panels of various widths extending from the water table to a depth of 2,750 m below the water table. The uncertainties are incorporated into the saturated zone site-scale model by treating the fluxes as target values during model calibration (CRWMS M&O 2000, p. 47). Fixed head boundary conditions were derived around the perimeter of the site-scale model from regional water level and head data, where heads were varied laterally along the model perimeter but were held constant in the vertical direction and in time (CRWMS M&O 2000, p. 25). Other targets that affect fluxes were also considered during site-scale model calibration, including rock permeabilities and specific discharge estimates given by the Saturated Zone Expert Elicitation Panel (CRWMS M&O 2000, p. 42). A comparison of the resulting calibrated boundary fluxes of the site-scale model with those determined from the regional model shows that total fluxes reasonably match within 8 to 21 percent for the northern, eastern, and southern boundaries, but a difference on the order of 100 percent was found for the western boundary (CRWMS M&O 2000, Section 6.1.4). The western and southern boundaries were not used as calibration targets in the site-scale model (CRWMS M&O 2000, Table 14). The reasons for these differences are attributed primarily to the greater resolution of the site-scale model (CRWMS M&O 2000, p. 81). Use of the regional model flux data as target rather than absolute values in the site-scale model is appropriate considering the uncertainties inherent in those data. The Death Valley regional flow model was the most recent saturated zone model of the Yucca Mountain region at the time the study in this AMR was performed. It incorporates updated geological and hydrogeological data, it benefits from the recent geological and hydrogeological conceptual models, and it provides a three-dimensional representation of the region. The earlier models substanially simplified the complex 3-dimensional heterogeneity of the natural flow systems. For example, Waddell (1982) used a 2- dimensional model to simulate the regional groundwater system for the Nevada Test Site. Shortcomings of that study included poorly represented structural controls on flow, an inability to consider vertical groundwater movement, and large uncertainties in transmissivity values (Waddell 1982, p. 65). Czarnecki and Waddell (1984) used a 2- dimensional model to evaluate sub-regional groundwater flow in the Amargosa Desert. This model had many of the same shortcomings of Waddell’s earlier (1982) work, with particular difficulty in matching observed heads in areas of strongly vertical groundwater flow (Czarnecki and Waddell 1984, p. 30). Rice’s (1984) model of the Nevada Test Site was again 2-dimensional and also had difficulties in areas of vertical groundwater flow (Rice 1984, p. 34). Sinton (1987) developed a quasi 3-dimensional model for the Nevada Test Site covering essentially the same area modeled by Waddell (1982). Sinton’s model had two transmissive layers in which horizontal flow could occur, a lower layer consisting primarily of the deep carbonate aquifer and an upper layer consisting primarily of basin fill and volcanic rocks. Vertical flow was simulated as leakage between the layers. Studies conducted by Sinton showed that the model was particularly sensitive to small changes in recharge and discharge rates and recommended that these be further investigated in future studies (Sinton 1987, p. 81). Although the Death Valley regional groundwater flow model prepared by D’Agnese et al. (1997) still considerably simplifies Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 VII-16 October 2001 the actual flow system, the extensively researched input database, the fully 3-dimensional modeling, and the use of three conductive layers represent substantial improvements over past modeling efforts. Upon review of the alternative models, the Death Valley regional flow model was found to be the most appropriate source of information for both distributed recharge and lateral flow boundary conditions for the saturated zone site-scale flow and transport model. VII-3.4 SUMMARY OF EVALUATION RESULTS The Death Valley regional flow model database was well researched, the model to be appropriately constructed, and the resulting output to provide a reasonable simulation of regional groundwater flow. Quantification of the recharge component of flow was reviewed in particular detail because of the reliance placed on those data in this AMR. Several approaches to estimating recharge from precipitation were evaluated by the regional model’s authors before deciding on a modification of an empirical relationship developed by Maxey and Eakin (1950). Shortcomings of other, more recent techniques were identified, particularly for application to desert areas where small amounts of recharge are ignored. A modified Maxey-Eakin method was also used by the YMP in preparing the AMR, Simulation of Net Infiltration for Modern and Potential Future Climates (USGS 2000), and the method is widely used and accepted by the technical community. The Maxey-Eakin method was modified in the regional model to make it more sensitive to the four critical potential recharge indicators within the region: altitude, slope-aspect, relative rock and soil permeability, and vegetation. Regional maps were prepared for each of these indicators and through a series of steps a final recharge database was produced. The accuracy and suitability of the database were evaluated by the model authors and found to be appropriate for regional modeling. It is noted, however, that even with the better defined potential recharge areas, the rates are still based on empirical estimates rather than actual measurements and reflect a significant uncertainty in the regional modeling. Within the area of the saturated zone site-scale flow and transport model, the recharge fluxes from the regional model are consistent with similar magnitude fluxes independently estimated from the unsaturated zone site-scale flow model and with focused recharge from Fortymile Wash. The regional model’s input database was diligently compiled using appropriate methodologies that take into account the difficulties of handling large amounts of data for a large region as well as the relatively large uncertainties that are present in much of the developed information. Discharges from evapotranspiration, playa evaporation, spring flow, and pumping were well researched, particularly the evapotranspiration component which constituted the largest single source of discharge. As expected, recharge was dominated by infiltration of precipitation. The effort expended by the model authors to corroborate the various model inputs lent credibility to their results. Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 VII-17 October 2001 Use of the MODFLOWP code in constructing the model is appropriate. The MODFLOW code has become an industry standard and the advantages of the MODFLOWP adaptation in simplifying the calibration process and evaluating the model results are important. The restraint exercised by the model authors in not modifying the model without supporting hydrogeologic criteria and in maintaining the hydraulic parameter values within reasonable bounds is appropriate. Based on the standard error of the regression of simulated and observed heads, the effective residual between actual and simulated heads was 45 m for most wells. A good fit would have residuals of less than 20 m (one percent of the total head drop), a moderate fit would have residuals of 20 m to 60 m, and a poor fit would have residuals greater than 60 m. By these definitions, the overall goodness-of-fit of the regional model would be considered moderate. As a result, a degree of uncertainty must be associated with the model outputs. Uncertainties in the simulated fluxes along the lateral boundaries of the saturated zone site-scale model are potentially significant because these fluxes constitute the greatest sources of flow in the site-scale model and they are not independently corroborated. The use of nested models to estimate those fluxes provides an appropriate approach to reducing these uncertainties. The uncertainties were recognized in calibrating the sitescale model by using the regional model fluxes along with other data sources in a generalized manner as calibration targets rather than as fixed model inputs. Actual boundary conditions in the site-scale model were defined by fixed heads, which are better known than the boundary fluxes. This approach made the fluxes largely a function of the calibrated model permeabilities. A comparison of the resulting calibrated regional and site-scale model boundary fluxes shows reasonable matching of total fluxes but greater differences, some on the order of 100 percent, for individual boundary segments. These observations indicate that the use of the regional model flux data in the site-scale model is appropriately generalized considering the uncertainties inherent in those data. VII-4. EVALUATION CONCLUSIONS The conclusions of the Data Qualification Team's review of the regional model are presented below in terms of the evaluation criteria presented in the controlling plan (BSC 2001b, Addendum N). 1. Are the methods used to develop the Death Valley regional groundwater model reasonable and generally accepted by the technical community? The methods used to develop the database, the choice of models, the methods of calibration, and the analysis of the results are all reasonable and generally accepted by the technical community. The use of GSIS to store, manipulate, and analyze the data, although relatively new, is also accepted by the technical community and represents a welcome addition that will ease the burden of dealing with large data sets. Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 VII-18 October 2001 2. Are the methods used in this AMR to develop boundary conditions from the regional modeling results reasonable and generally accepted by the technical community? The method used to obtain distributed recharge data was to take them directly from the regional model input files and the method of nested models was used to obtain lateral flux boundary conditions. The recharge data were developed using the well-established and accepted Maxey-Eakin method and use of the regional model as a source for those data provides consistency among the YMP saturated zone flow models. The nested model approach for reducing the uncertainty in lateral flow boundary conditions for smaller models is also well-established and accepted by the technical community. Use of the regional model to determine the lateral flows is reasonable and provides additional consistency among the YMP saturated zone models. . 3. Are there more appropriate sources of information for developing the boundary conditions required in this AMR? Other sources of similar information for distributed groundwater recharge and lateral fluxes were older and less well developed than the Death Valley regional flow model. The regional model was developed in part to support the site-scale modeling. It provides a reasonable and comprehensive simulation of regional flow, and is the most appropriate source of information for developing hydrologic boundary conditions for the site-scale model. 4. Are the boundary condition data and their associated uncertainties acceptable for their intended use? Uncertainties in the lateral boundary condition data have been appropriately addressed by making them target values for site-scale model calibration. The calibration has been successfully completed using this approach, indicating that the boundary condition data have been successfully used and are therefore acceptable for their intended use. In addition, much of the source data for the regional model are YMP-accepted data, the regional model has been validated and residual uncertainties have been identified, and the modeling effort was adequately reviewed and documented. VII-5. RECOMMENDATIONS The Death Valley regional flow model database was well researched, the model was appropriately constructed, and the resulting output provides a reasonable simulation of regional groundwater flow. This model is the most recent and best saturated zone flow model of the Yucca Mountain region. It incorporates updated geological and hydrogeological data, it benefits from recent geological and hydrogeological conceptual models, and it provides a three-dimensional representation of the region. Upon review of the alternatives, the Death Valley regional flow model was found to be an appropriate Recharge and Lateral Groundwater Flow Boundary Conditions for the Saturated Zone Site-Scale Flow and Transport Model, Rev. 00 ICN 01 ANL-NBS-MD-000010 REV 00 ICN 01 VII-19 October 2001 source of information for both recharge and lateral flux boundary conditions for the saturated zone site-scale flow and transport model. Based on the foregoing evaluation, the Death Valley regional flow model was found to provide a qualified source of data for establishing recharge and lateral flux boundary conditions for the saturated zone site-scale flow and transport model. In accordance with AP-3.10Q, this finding qualifies these data only for their intended uses in this AMR. The source DTN GS960808312144.003 will remain unqualified for other uses.