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USACE / NAVFAC / AFCESA / NASA UFGS-44 10 00 (April 2006)
--------------------------
Preparing Activity:
USACE Replacing without change
UFGS-11500 (March 2005)
UNIFIED FACILITIES GUIDE SPECIFICATIONS
References are in agreement with UMRL dated 1 April 2006
Latest changes indicated by CHG tags
Section Table of Contents
SECTION 44 10 00
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
04/06
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 REFERENCES
1.2 SUBMITTALS
1.3 QUALIFICATIONS
1.3.1 Welding
1.3.2 Contractor
1.3.3 Manufacturer's Field Representative
1.4 DELIVERY AND STORAGE
1.5 FIELD MEASUREMENT
1.6 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 MATERIALS
2.1.1 Standard Products
2.1.2 Nameplates
2.1.3 General Requirements
2.1.4 Equipment Guards [and Access]
2.2 GAUGE
2.2.1 Draft Gauge
2.2.2 Gauges, Pressure and Vacuum
2.3 LOW-WATER CUTOFF
2.4 PIPE, FITTINGS, AND TUBING
2.4.1 Pipe
2.4.2 Nipples
2.4.3 Pipe Fittings
2.4.3.1 Steel Pipe Fittings
2.4.3.2 Brass or Bronze Pipe Fittings
2.4.3.3 Malleable-Iron Pipe Fittings
2.4.3.4 Unions
2.4.3.5 Flanges, Cast-Iron and Bronze
2.4.3.6 Pipe Threads
2.4.4 Tube, Copper
2.4.4.1 Tube for Air, Water, Gas, and Drains
2.4.4.2 Tube for Refrigeration Systems
2.5 STEEL SHEET
2.5.1 Zinc Coated (Galvanized)
2.5.2 Low-Carbon
2.5.3 Corrosion Resistant
2.6 AIR TRAPS
2.7 THERMOMETERS
2.8 VALVES
2.8.1 Angle Valves
2.8.2 Check Valves
2.8.3 Gate Valves
2.8.4 Globe Valves
2.9 WATER METERS
2.10 ELECTRICAL WORK
2.11 DRAFT FANS
2.11.1 Draft Fan Control
2.11.2 Draft Fan Drives
2.12 DUCTWORK
2.13 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT
2.13.1 Dry Dynamic Precipitator
2.13.1.1 Fan Impeller
2.13.1.2 Fan Casing
2.13.1.3 Hopper Storage
2.13.1.4 Test Connections
2.13.2 Wet Dynamic Precipitator
2.13.2.1 Collector
2.13.2.2 Hopper Storage
2.13.2.3 Nonstainless Components
2.13.2.4 Water Supply Components
2.13.2.5 Test Connections
2.13.2.6 Drain Connections
2.13.3 Conical Dry Dust Collector
2.13.3.1 Scrolls, Cylinder, and Cone
2.13.3.2 Test Connections
2.13.4 Multitube, Centrifugal Dry Dust Collector
2.13.4.1 Inlet Tube Assemblies, Casing and Hopper
2.13.4.2 Test Connections
2.13.5 Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP)
2.13.5.1 Discharge Electrodes
2.13.5.2 Collecting Plates
2.13.5.3 Power Supply and Control System
2.13.5.4 Rapping Systems
2.13.5.5 Inlet and Discharge Ducts
2.13.5.6 Dust Storage Hopper
2.13.6 Wet Scrubber
2.13.6.1 Chemical System
2.13.6.2 Scrubber
2.13.6.3 Recirculation Pumps
2.13.6.4 Piping Materials
2.13.6.5 Scrubber Collector System
2.13.7 Dry Fabric Collector for Boiler Flue Gases
2.13.7.1 Filter Cleaning
2.13.7.2 Filter Enclosure
2.13.7.3 Collector Cleaning
2.13.7.4 Test Connections
2.13.7.5 Flue Gas Dust Collectors Designed for In-Place Cleaning
2.13.8 Dry Fabric Collector for Dust Control
2.13.8.1 Filter Cleaning
2.13.8.2 Filter Enclosure Construction
2.13.8.3 Intermittent and Continuous Service Units
2.13.8.4 Test Connections
2.13.8.5 Dust Collectors Designed for In-Place Cleaning
2.13.9 Gaseous Emissions Control Unit
2.13.9.1 Prefilter
2.13.9.2 Adsorbent Unit
2.13.9.3 Prefilter and Adsorbent Assemblies
2.13.9.4 Inlet and Outlet Ducts
2.13.10 Petrol Vapor Recovery Unit
2.13.10.1 Defrosting
2.13.10.2 Unit Operation and Control
2.13.10.3 Design and Fabrication Requirements
2.13.11 Gravel Bed Filter
2.13.11.1 System Operation
2.13.11.2 System Components
2.13.12 Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization System
2.13.12.1 Wet Scrubber System
2.13.12.2 Reagent Feed System
2.13.12.3 Waste Handling System
2.13.12.4 Test connections
2.13.13 Spray Dryer Flue Gas Desulfurization System
2.13.13.1 Spray Dryer System
2.13.13.2 Reagent Feed System
2.13.13.3 Particulate Collecting Unit
2.13.13.4 Test connections
2.13.14 Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) System
2.13.14.1 Ammonia Delivery System
2.13.14.2 Catalytic Reactor
2.14 AUXILIARIES
2.15 EMISSION MONITORING SYSTEM
2.15.1 Gas Sampling System
2.15.2 Analyzing System
2.15.3 System Mounting
2.15.4 Calibration
2.16 FACTORY APPLIED INSULATION
2.17 PAINTING AND FINISHING
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 INSTALLATION
3.2 OPERATION AND PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
3.3 TESTING AND INSPECTIONS
3.3.1 System Performance Test
3.3.2 Retesting
3.4 FRAMED INSTRUCTIONS
3.5 MANUFACTURER'S FIELD SERVICE
3.5.1 Installation
3.5.2 Training
3.6 SCHEDULES
SECTION 44 10 00
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
NOTE: This guide specification covers the requirements for
air pollution control
equipment and accessories for use with various pollutant emitters.
Comments and suggestions on this guide specification are welcome and should
be directed to the technical proponent of the specification. A listing of
technical
proponents, including their organization designation and telephone number, is
on the Internet.
Recommended changes to a UFGS should be submitted as a
Criteria Change Request
(CCR).
Use of electronic communication is encouraged.
Brackets are used in the text to indicate designer choices or locations where
text must be supplied by the designer.
PART 1 GENERAL
1.1 REFERENCES
NOTE: This paragraph is used to list the publications cited in the text of
the guide specification. The publications are referred to in the text by basic
designation only and listed in this paragraph by organization, designation,
date, and title.
Use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature when you add a RID outside
of the Section's Reference Article to automatically place the reference in the
Reference Article. Also use the Reference Wizard's Check Reference feature
to update the issue dates.
References not used in the text will automatically be deleted from this section
of the project specification when you choose to reconcile references in the
publish print process.
The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent referenced. The publications are
referred to within the text by the basic designation only.
| AIR MOVEMENT AND CONTROL ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL(AMCA) |
| |
| AMCA 210 | | (1999) Laboratory Methods of Testing Fans for
Aerodynamic Performance Rating |
| |
| AMCA 300 | | (2005) Reverberant Room Method for Sound Testing
of Fans |
| |
| AMCA 801 | | (2001) Industrial Process/Power Generation Fans:
Specification Guidelines |
| |
| AMCA 99 | | (2003) Standards Handbook |
| AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE (ANSI) |
| |
| ANSI S2.19 | | (1999) Mechanical Vibration - Balance Quality
Requirements of Rigid Rotors, Part 1: Determination
of Permissible Residual Unbalance, Including
Marine Applications (Note: was ASA86, but that
document refers to ANSI S2.19.) |
| |
| ANSI Z9.3 | | (1995) Spray Finishing Operations - Safety Code
for Design, Construction and Ventilation |
| AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGINEERS (ASHRAE) |
| |
| ASHRAE 15 | | (2004) Safety Code for Refrigeration |
| |
| ASHRAE 52.1 | | (1992) Gravimetric and Dust-Spot Procedures
for Testing Air-Cleaning Devices Used in General
Ventilation for Removing Particulate Matter |
| AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION(AWWA) |
| |
| AWWA C700 | | (2002) Cold-Water Meters - Displacement Type,
Bronze Main Case |
| ASME INTERNATIONAL (ASME) |
| |
| ASME B1.20.1 | | (1983; R 2001) Pipe Threads, General Purpose
(Inch) |
| |
| ASME B16.1 | | (1998) Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
Classes 25, 125, and 250 |
| |
| ASME B16.11 | | (2005) Forged Fittings, Socket-Welding and Threaded |
| |
| ASME B16.15 | | (1985; R 2004) Cast Bronze Threaded Fittings
Classes 125 and 250 |
| |
| ASME B16.24 | | (2002) Cast Copper Alloy Pipe Flanges and Flanged
Fittings: Classes 150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500,
and 2500 |
| |
| ASME B16.3 | | (1998) Malleable Iron Threaded Fittings |
| |
| ASME B16.39 | | (1998) Malleable Iron Threaded Pipe Unions |
| |
| ASME B16.5 | | (2003) Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings |
| |
| ASME B16.9 | | (2003) Factory-Made Wrought Steel Buttwelding
Fittings |
| |
| ASME B31.1 | | (2004) Power Piping |
| |
| ASME B31.3 | | (2004) Process Piping |
| |
| ASME B31.5 | | (2001) Refrigeration Piping and Heat Transfer
Components |
| |
| ASME B40.100 | | (2000) Pressure Gauges and Gauge Attachments |
| |
| ASME BPVC SEC IX | | (2004) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code; Section
IX, Welding and Brazing Qualifications |
| |
| ASME PTC 19.3 | | (1974; R 2004) Temperature Measurement |
| |
| ASME PTC 21 | | (1991) Particulate Matter Collection Equipment |
| |
| ASME PTC 28 | | (1965; R 1985) Determining the Properties of
Fine Particulate Matter |
| |
| ASME PTC 38 | | (1980; R 1985) Determining the Concentration
of Particulate Matter in a Gas Stream |
| ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM) |
| |
| ASTM A 167 | | (2004) Stainless and Heat-Resisting Chromium-Nickel
Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip |
| |
| ASTM A 240/A 240M | | (2004ae1) Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless
Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pressure Vessels
for General Applications |
| |
| ASTM A 302/A 302M | | (2003) Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel,
Manganese-Molybdenum and Manganese-Molybdenum-Nickel |
| |
| ASTM A 48/A 48M | | (2003) Gray Iron Castings |
| |
| ASTM A 53/A 53M | | (2004a) Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated,
Welded and Seamless |
| |
| ASTM A 653/A 653M | | (2004a) Steel Sheet, Zinc-Coated (Galvanized)
or Zinc-Iron Alloy-Coated (Galvannealed) by
the Hot-Dip Process |
| |
| ASTM A 733 | | (2003) Welded and Seamless Carbon Steel and
Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe Nipples |
| |
| ASTM A 924/A 924M | | (2004) General Requirements for Steel Sheet,
Metallic-Coated by the Hot-Dip Process |
| |
| ASTM B 280 | | (2003) Seamless Copper Tube for Air Conditioning
and Refrigeration Field Service |
| |
| ASTM B 42 | | (2002e1) Seamless Copper Pipe, Standard Sizes |
| |
| ASTM B 68 | | (2002) Seamless Copper Tube, Bright Annealed |
| |
| ASTM B 68M | | (1999) Seamless Copper Tube, Bright Annealed
(Metric) |
| |
| ASTM B 88 | | (2003) Seamless Copper Water Tube |
| |
| ASTM B 88M | | (2003) Seamless Copper Water Tube (Metric) |
| |
| ASTM D 1248 | | (2005) Polyethylene Plastics Extrusion Materials
for Wire and Cable |
| |
| ASTM D 2854 | | (1996; R 2000) Apparent Density of Activated
Carbon |
| |
| ASTM D 2862 | | (1997; R 2004) Particle Size Distribution of
Granular Activated Carbon |
| |
| ASTM F 1139 | | (1988; R 2004) Steam Traps and Drains |
| HYDRAULIC INSTITUTE (HI) |
| |
| HI 3.1-3.5 | | (2000) Rotary Pumps for Nomenclature, Definitions,
Applications and Operations |
| INSTITUTE OF CLEAN AIR COMPANIES (ICAC) |
| |
| ICAC EP-1 | | (2000) Terminology for Electrostatic Precipitators |
| |
| ICAC EP-7 | | (1997) Electrostatic Precipitator Gas Flow Model
Studies |
| |
| ICAC EP-8 | | (1993) Structural Design Criteria for Electrostatic
Precipitator Casings |
| |
| ICAC F-2 | | (1972) Fundamentals of Fabric Collectors and
Glossary of Terms |
| |
| ICAC F-3 | | (2002) Operation and Maintenance of Fabric Collectors |
| |
| ICAC F-5 | | (1991) Types of Fabric Filters |
| |
| ICAC FGD-1 | | (1982) Flue Gas Desulfurization Terminology |
| |
| ICAC G-1 | | (1972) Gaseous Emissions Equipment: Product
Definitions and Illustrations |
| |
| ICAC WS-1 | | (1975) Wet Scrubber Terminology |
| |
| ICAC WS-3 | | (1980) Basic Types of Wet Scrubbers |
| |
| ICAC WS-4 | | (1975) Wet Scrubber System-Major Auxiliaries |
| MANUFACTURERS STANDARDIZATION SOCIETY OF THE VALVE AND FITTINGS INDUSTRY (MSS) |
| |
| MSS SP-25 | | (1998) Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings,
Flanges and Unions |
| |
| MSS SP-70 | | (1998) Cast Iron Gate Valves, Flanged and Threaded
Ends |
| |
| MSS SP-80 | | (2003) Bronze Gate, Globe, Angle and Check Valves |
| NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION (NEMA) |
| |
| NEMA ICS 1 | | (2000; R 2005) Industrial Control and Systems:
General Requirements |
| |
| NEMA ICS 6 | | (1993; R 2001) Industrial Control and Systems:
Enclosures |
| |
| NEMA MG 1 | | (2003; R 2004) Motors and Generators |
| |
| NEMA SM 23 | | (1991; R 1997; R 2002) Steam Turbines for Mechanical
Drive Service |
| NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (NFPA) |
| |
| NFPA 496 | | (2003) Purged and Pressurized Enclosures for
Electrical Equipment |
| |
| NFPA 70 | | (2005) National Electrical Code |
| |
| NFPA 91 | | (1999) Exhaust Systems for Air Conveying of
Vapors, Gases, Mists and Noncombustible Particulate
Solids |
| U.S. NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION (NARA) |
| |
| 29 CFR 1910 | | Occupational Safety and Health Standards |
| |
| 40 CFR 50 | | National Primary and Secondary Ambient Air Quality
Standards |
| |
| 40 CFR 60 | | Standards of Performance for New Stationary
Sources |
| UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES (UL) |
| |
| UL 1002 | | (1994; Rev thru Apr 1999) Electrically Operated
Valves For Use in Hazardous (Classified) Locations |
| |
| UL 5 | | (2004) Surface Metal Raceways and Fittings |
| |
| UL 674 | | (2003) Electric Motors and Generators for Use
in Division 1 Hazardous (Classified) Locations |
| |
| UL 698 | | (1995; Rev thru Mar 1999) Industrial Control
Equipment for Hazardous (Classified) Locations |
| |
| UL 823 | | (1995; Rev thru Apr 2000) Electric Heaters for
Use in Hazardous (Classified) Locations |
| |
| UL 886 | | (1994; Rev thru Apr 1999) Outlet Boxes and Fittings
for Use in Hazardous (Classified) Locations |
| |
| UL 894 | | (1993; Rev thru Aug 1999) Switches for Use in
Hazardous (Classified) Locations |
| |
| UL 900 | | (2004) Air Filter Units |
1.2 SUBMITTALS
NOTE: Review submittal description (SD) definitions in Section 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL
PROCEDURES and edit the following list to reflect only the submittals required
for the project. Submittals should be kept to the minimum required for adequate
quality control.
A “G” following a submittal item indicates that the submittal requires Government
approval. Some submittals are already marked with a “G”. Only delete an existing
“G” if the submittal item is not complex and can be reviewed through the Contractor’s
Quality Control system. Only add a “G” if the submittal is sufficiently important
or complex in context of the project.
For submittals requiring Government approval on Army projects, a code of up
to three characters within the submittal tags may be used following the "G"
designation to indicate the approving authority. Codes for Army projects using
the Resident Management System (RMS) are: "AE" for Architect-Engineer; "DO"
for District Office (Engineering Division or other organization in the District
Office); "AO" for Area Office; "RO" for Resident Office; and "PO" for Project
Office. Codes following the "G" typically are not used for Navy, Air Force,
and NASA projects.
Choose the first bracketed item for Navy, Air Force and NASA projects, or choose
the second bracketed item for Army projects.
Government approval is required for submittals with a "G" designation; submittals not having a "G" designation
are for [Contractor Quality Control approval.] [information only. When used, a designation following the "G"
designation identifies the office that will review the submittal for the Government.] The following shall be
submitted in accordance with Section
01 33 00
01 33 00
01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES:
SD-02 Shop Drawings
Approved Detail Drawings[; G][; G, [_____]]
Detail drawings containing complete wiring and schematic diagrams and any other details required
to demonstrate that the system has been coordinated and will properly function as a unit. Drawings
shall show proposed layout and anchorage of equipment and appurtenances, and equipment relationship
to other parts of the work including clearances for maintenance and operation.
SD-03 Product Data
Emission Monitoring System
Reports for emissions permit compliance
.Air Pollution Control Equipment
a. A complete list of equipment and material, including manufacturer's descriptive data and
technical literature, performance charts and curves, catalog cuts, and installation instructions.
Spare parts data for each different item of material and equipment specified, after approval
of detail drawings and not later than [_____] months prior to the date of beneficial occupancy.
The data shall include a complete list of parts and supplies, with current unit prices and source
of supply.
b. Proposed diagrams, instructions, and other sheets, prior to posting. Framed instructions
under glass or in laminated plastic, including wiring and control diagrams showing the complete
layout of the entire system, including equipment, piping, valves, and control sequence, shall
be posted where directed. Condensed operating instructions explaining preventative maintenance
procedures, methods of checking the system for normal, safe operation, and procedures for safely
starting and stopping the system shall be prepared in typed form, framed as specified above
for the wiring and control diagrams, and posted beside the diagrams. The framed instructions
shall be posted before acceptance testing of the system.
Instrumentation and Controls
Detailed manufacturer's data on the overall controls, sensors, process controllers, control
operators, ladder diagrams, timers, sequence of controls, valves, alarms, signals, interlocks
and cut off systems. Data describing in detail the equipment used to monitor emissions, including
the sampling probe, filters, sampling pump, moisture separator/drier, tubing, analyzer, analyzer
calibration system, data recorder, and alarms. Process and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs).
Training
Training course curriculum and training instructions [14] [_____] days prior to the start
of training.
Testing and Inspections[; G][; G, [_____]]
A proposed performance test procedure, 30 days prior to the proposed test date, containing
a complete description of the proposed tests and sample locations, with calibration curves or
test results by an independent testing laboratory of each instrument, meter, and gauge to be
used in the tests. The test shall not commence until the procedure has been approved.
SD-06 Test Reports
Factory Tests
Printout of factory test results.
Testing and Inspections;
Test procedures, prior to starting test. Test reports in booklet form showing all field tests
performed to adjust each component and all field tests performed to provide compliance with
the specified performance criteria, upon completion and testing of the installed system. Each
test report shall indicate the final position of controls.
SD-07 Certificates
Manufacturer's Field Representative
Names and qualifications of each manufacturer's field representative and training engineer
with written certification from the manufacturer that each representative and trainer is technically
qualified.
SD-10 Operation and Maintenance Data
Air Pollution Control Equipment[; G][; G, [_____]]
Accessories[; G][; G, [_____]]
[Six] [_____] complete copies of operation manual outlining the step-by-step procedures required
for system startup, operation, and shutdown. The manuals shall include the manufacturer's name,
model number, service manual, parts list, and brief description of all equipment and its basic
operating features. [Six] [_____] complete copies of maintenance manual listing routine maintenance
procedures, possible breakdowns and repair, and troubleshooting guides. The manuals shall include
piping layout, equipment layout, and simplified wiring and control diagrams of the system as
installed. Operation and maintenance manuals shall be approved prior to training course.
1.3 QUALIFICATIONS
1.3.1 Welding
NOTE: If the need exists for more stringent requirements for weldments, delete
the first bracketed statement and the last bracketed statement applies. Dust
collection equipment covered by the guide specification is not normally manufactured
to the requirements of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel code. Welding of
these vessels will be governed by Section 05 50 03.00 10 METALWORK FABRICATION,
MACHINE WORK, MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS.
[Piping shall be welded in accordance with qualified procedures using performance qualified welders and welding
operators. Procedures and welders shall be qualified in accordance with
ASME BPVC SEC IX. Welding procedures
qualified by others, and welders and welding operators qualified by another employer may be accepted as permitted
by
ASME B31.1. The Contracting Officer shall be notified 24 hours in advance of tests and the tests shall be
furnished at the work site if practicable. The Contracting Officer shall be furnished a copy of qualified procedures
and a list of names and identification symbols of qualified welders and welding operators. The welder or welding
operator shall apply his assigned symbol near his welds using a rubber stamp or felt-tipped marker with permanent
weatherproof ink or other methods approved by the Contracting Officer that do not deform the metal. Structural
members shall be welded in accordance with Section
05 05 23.00 10
05 05 23.00 10
05 05 23.00 10 WELDING, STRUCTURAL.] [Welding and nondestructive
testing procedures are specified in Section
43 02 00
43 02 00
43 02 00 WELDING PRESSURE PIPING.] Nonpressure dust collection vessels
shall be welded per provisions of
05 50 03.00 10
05 50 03.00 10
05 50 03.00 10 METALWORK FABRICATION, MACHINE WORK, MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS.
1.3.2 Contractor
Contractor shall have had a minimum of [2] [3] [5] [_____] years of experience in the construction and maintenance
of industrial air pollution control systems.
1.3.3 Manufacturer's Field Representative
Services of a manufacturer's field representative, who is experienced in the installation, adjustment, and operation
of the equipment furnished, and who has complete knowledge of the proper operation and maintenance of the system,
shall be provided. Field representative shall be onsite to supervise the installation, adjustment and compliance
testing of the equipment. Field representative shall provide supervision of the system for [_____] days after
startup of the system.
1.4 DELIVERY AND STORAGE
All equipment delivered and placed in storage shall be stored as recommended by the manufacturer, with protection
from the weather, humidity and temperature variation, dirt and dust, or other contaminants.
1.5 FIELD MEASUREMENT
After becoming familiar with all details of the work, the Contractor shall verify all dimensions in the field,
and shall advise the Contracting Officer of any discrepancy before performing the work.
1.6 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
System shall be suitable for [indoor] [outdoor] installation and shall be provided [with] [without] a weather
enclosure. [Unit shall be provided with [_____]
mm inches of insulation with a k value of [_____]
W/m K Btu/h
ft] [Unit shall not be insulated]. System shall be designed for [a wind load of [_____]
kph mph] [and] [an internal
[negative] [positive] static pressure of [_____]
Pa inches of water gauge]. [System shall be designed for a
snow load of [_____]
kPa psf]. Seismic protection of equipment shall be in accordance with Section
13 48 00
13 48 00
13 48 00
SEISMIC PROTECTION FOR MISCELLANEOUS EQUIPMENT, Section
13 48 00.00 10
13 48 00.00 10
13 48 00.00 10 SEISMIC PROTECTION FOR MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT,
and Section
26 05 48.00 10
26 05 48.00 10
26 05 48.00 10 SEISMIC PROTECTION FOR ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT.
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.1 MATERIALS
2.1.1 Standard Products
Material and equipment shall be the standard products of a manufacturer regularly engaged in the manufacture
of the products. Items of equipment shall essentially duplicate equipment that has been in satisfactory use
at least 2 years prior to bid opening. Equipment shall be supported by in-service organization that is, in the
opinion of the Contracting Officer, reasonably convenient to the site. In-service organization shall respond
to a service call within [_____] hours [_____] days.
2.1.2 Nameplates
Each major component of equipment shall have the manufacturer's name, address, type or style, model or serial
number, and catalog number on a plate secured to the equipment. Each piece of equipment shall bear the approval
designation and the markings required for that designation. Valves shall be marked in accordance with MSS SP-25
and shall bear a securely attached tag with the manufacturer's name, catalog number and valve identification
permanently displayed.
2.1.3 General Requirements
Equipment and appurtenances shall be as specified and as shown on the approved detail drawings, and shall be
suitable for the service intended. Materials and equipment shall be new and unused, to include testing equipment
furnished under the contract. Components that serve the same function and are the same size shall be identical
products of the same manufacturer.
2.1.4 Equipment Guards [and Access]
NOTE: Catwalk, ladder, stair, and guardrail may be required. If so, select
the applicable item, delete the others, and indicate on drawings the selected
item.
Belts, pulleys, chains, gears, couplings, projecting setscrews, keys, and other rotating parts so located that
any person may come in close proximity thereto, shall be enclosed or guardedto prevent accidental personal injury,
in accordance with
29 CFR 1910, Subpart O, Machinery and Machine Guarding. Guards shall be removable and arranged
to allow access to the equipment for maintenance. High-temperature equipment and piping so located as to endanger
personnel or to create a fire hazard shall be guarded or covered with insulation of type specified for service.
[Items such as [catwalk,] [stair,] [ladder,] [and] [guardrail] shall be provided where shown and shall be in
accordance with Section
05 50 00
05 50 00
05 50 00 METAL: MISCELLANEOUS AND FABRICATIONS.]
2.2 GAUGE
NOTE: Pipe, fitting, and valve materials listed in this section are suitable
for water service, but not for corrosive, erosive, and some petrol services.
The designer should select the proper alloy (e.g., stainless steel 304, 316,
etc.), rubber or other elastomer lining or plastic for these and other applications
where the chemistry of the process shall dictate material selection.
Gauge shall conform to the following:
2.2.1 Draft Gauge
ASME B40.100. Tubing for gauges for service above 66 degrees C 150 degrees F shall conform to ASTM B 68M ASTM B 68
; for service below 66 degrees C 150 degrees F, plastic tubing conforming to ASTM D 1248 may be used.
2.2.2 Gauges, Pressure and Vacuum
ASME B40.100, range suitable for the related conditions.
2.3 LOW-WATER CUTOFF
NOTE: Low-water cutoff applies to all wet scrubber tanks, reservoirs, and sumps
if low level or loss of water can affect scrubber or boiler operation and safety.
Coordinate requirement for deenergizing boiler panel to stop firing the boiler
if scrubber components are subject to damage from excess heat in a loss of water
supply.
Low-water cutoff shall be provided for all scrubber liquid sumps, holding tanks, reservoirs, and mixing tanks.
Cut-off shall cause a safety shutdown of the scrubber and shall be provided with auxiliary contacts to be used
to sound an alarm. [Low-water shutdown shall require a manual reset before any equipment can recycle or operate.]
2.4 PIPE, FITTINGS, AND TUBING
Pipe, fittings, and tubing shall conform to the following:
2.4.1 Pipe
ASTM A 53/A 53M, Type S, Grade A, standard weight; or copper pipe, ASTM B 42.
2.4.2 Nipples
ASTM A 733, standard weight to match adjacent piping.
2.4.3 Pipe Fittings
2.4.3.1 Steel Pipe Fittings
ASME B16.9 for butt-welding fittings; ASME B16.11 for socket-welding fittings; and ASME B16.5 for flanged fittings.
2.4.3.2 Brass or Bronze Pipe Fittings
ASME B16.15, Class A, 862 kPa 125 pound.
2.4.3.3 Malleable-Iron Pipe Fittings
ASME B16.3, type to match adjacent piping.
2.4.3.4 Unions
ASME B16.39, type to match adjacent piping.
2.4.3.5 Flanges, Cast-Iron and Bronze
ASME B16.1 and ASME B16.24.
2.4.3.6 Pipe Threads
ASME B1.20.1.
2.4.4 Tube, Copper
2.4.4.1 Tube for Air, Water, Gas, and Drains
ASTM B 68MASTM B 68 or ASTM B 88M ASTM B 88.
2.4.4.2 Tube for Refrigeration Systems
ASTM B 280.
2.5 STEEL SHEET
Steel sheets shall conform to the following:
2.5.1 Zinc Coated (Galvanized)
ASTM A 653/A 653M;ASTM A 924/A 924M for dust collector casings, housing, and components. Gauges specified are
manufacturers' standard gauge.
2.5.2 Low-Carbon
Gauges specified, for dust collector casings, housings, and components, refer to manufacturers' standard gauge.
2.5.3 Corrosion Resistant
ASTM A 167, Class 304 or 316. Gauges specified refer to U.S. Standard Gauge.
2.6 AIR TRAPS
Air traps for removal of moisture from plant compressed air supplied to air pollution control equipment shall
conform to ASTM F 1139.
2.7 THERMOMETERS
Thermometers shall conform to ASME PTC 19.3 with wells and temperature range suitable for the use encountered.
2.8 VALVES
Valves shall conform to the following:
2.8.1 Angle Valves
MSS SP-80, Types 1, 2, or 3, Class 125, except that valves over 80 mm 3 inches shall have iron bodies and brass
or bronze standard trim with glands or followers in the stuffing boxes. Valves shall have nonmetallic renewable
composition discs and raised flat seats designed for 862 kPa 125 psi steam. Wheels shall be secured with hexagonal
nuts.
2.8.2 Check Valves
MSS SP-80, Types 1, 2, 3, or 4, Class 125, as required. Valves over 80 mm 3 inches shall have iron bodies and
shall be the swing type designed for 862 kPa 125 psi steam. Check valves shall have renewable composition discs
or shall have metallic discs of the regrinding type to permit regrinding without removing valve from the line.
2.8.3 Gate Valves
Sizes of 40 mm 1-1/2 inches or less, MSS SP-80, Class 125, Type 1 and 2; 50 mm 2 inch size and over, MSS SP-70
, Class 125 or 250, as specified; outside screw and yoke with threaded end (design OT), or flanged end (design
OF), as required.
2.8.4 Globe Valves
MSS SP-80, Type 1. Valves over 80 mm 3 inches shall have iron bodies and brass or bronze standard trim and shall
have glands or followers in the stuffing boxes. Valves shall have nonmetallic renewable composition discs and
raised flat seats designed for 1035 kPa 150 psi steam. Wheels shall be secured to the stems with hexagonal nuts.
2.9 WATER METERS
Water meters shall be the disc type with reinforced disc for hot water above 66 degrees C 150 degrees F, and
rubber or carbon disc for cold water, and shall be constructed of bronze composition or cast iron protected by
noncorrosive coating. Moving parts subject to wear shall be easily replaceable. Meters shall conform to the
requirements of AWWA C700.
2.10 ELECTRICAL WORK
NOTE: Indicate on drawing the type and class of motor enclosure depending on
environment in which the motor is to be used.
Electrical motor-driven equipment specified shall be provided complete with motors, motor starters, and controls.
Electrical equipment and wiring shall be in accordance with [Section
26 20 00
26 20 00
26 20 00 INTERIOR DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM].
[Section
33 70 02.00 10
33 70 02.00 10
33 70 02.00 10 ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM, UNDERGROUND]. [Section
33 70 01.00 10
33 70 01.00 10
33 70 01.00 10 ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM, AERIAL]. Electrical characteristics shall be as indicated or specified. Motor starters shall be provided
complete with thermal overload protection and other appurtenances necessary for the motor control specified.
Each motor shall be of sufficient size to drive the equipment at the specified capacity without exceeding the
nameplate rating of the motor. Manual or automatic control and protective or signal devices required for the
operation specified and any control wiring required for controls and devices specified but not shown, shall be
provided. Motors shall conform to
NEMA MG 1, with enclosures as indicated [except as specified for Petrol Vapor
Recovery Unit]. Controls, interlocks, instruments, status indication lights, and other devices required for
operation and observation of equipment status shall be assembled on an [open face panel] [enclosed panel with
[latched door] [key locked door]]. Panel shall be [factory-assembled, connected to equipment, and mounted on
unit] [or] [factory assembled and boxed for field installation]. [Instrumentation and control system shall include
local control panels and a central control panel located in the facility control room. The control system shall
integrate local controls provided with equipment, as specified, so that complete system operation can be monitored
and controlled from the control room]. The air pollution control system shall be integrated with the emission
generating equipment. The control system shall provide integrated control of all system processes and equipment,
and shall contain all necessary instrumentation required for monitoring and operation of the air pollution control
system. Control system panels shall graphically display the system. Local control panels shall be provided
with selector switches so that equipment can be operated manually for test and maintenance purposes. Suitable
safety interlocks shall be incorporated to assure that proper permissive conditions have been met prior to changing
the operating status of major system components. Shutdown of the air pollution control equipment system, or
portion thereof, shall be automatically initiated, with alarms should unsafe conditions arise during operation
of the system. Visible and audible alarms shall be provided on critical functions locally. and at central control
room. Controls shall conform to
NEMA ICS 1. Enclosures for power and control panels shall conform to
NEMA ICS 6
.
2.11 DRAFT FANS
NOTE: In new installations, coordinate design with boiler or incinerator specification.
For retrofit, fans will be sized for air pollution control equipment. For fans
operating in corrosive or erosive environment, provide liners for scroll sheets
and rotor blades. References to draft fans will be deleted if inapplicable
for the equipment specified.
Centrifugal fans conforming to AMCA 801 [Type I] [Type II] [forced draft] [and] [induced draft] shall be furnished
as an integral part of air pollution control equipment design. Fans shall be [centrifugal] [_____] with [backward
curved blades] [radial tip blades] [or] [axial flow type]. Each fan shall be sized for an output volume and
static pressure rating sufficient for pressure losses, leakages, temperature, and elevation corrections for worst
ambient conditions. In addition, fan sizing shall include margins of 10 percent volume and 21 percent static
pressure, plus margins of [5] [_____] degrees C [10] [_____] degrees F for forced draft fans and [22] [_____]
degrees C [40] [_____] degrees F for induced draft fans. [Induced draft fans shall be provided with outlet dampers].
Noise levels for fans shall not exceed 85 decibels in any octave band at a 914 mm 3 foot station. Fan bearings
shall be [air cooled] [or] [water cooled], and backward curved fan blade type with bearings not requiring water
cooling may be of the self-aligning antifriction type. [Scroll sheets and rotor blades shall have liners.]
2.11.1 Draft Fan Control
NOTE: Variable speed control, inlet vane control, and inlet damper control
are, in descending order of efficiency, capable of control draft fan conditions.
The choice is based on economics. However, in erosive services, inlet vane
control is not desirable.
Forced draft centrifugal fans shall have [inlet vane control] [variable speed control] where indicated. Induced
draft centrifugal fans shall have [inlet vane control] [inlet damper control] [variable speed control]. [Axial
propeller fans shall have variable propeller pitch control and variable speed drive.] Inlet vanes or dampers
shall be suitable for use with air pollution control equipment.
2.11.2 Draft Fan Drives
NOTE: Where motor starters for mechanical equipment are provided in motor control
centers, delete the reference to motor starters.
Steam driven boiler auxiliaries will not be used unless the exhaust steam can
be utilized completely. Reference to steam drives will be deleted if inapplicable
for the equipment specified.
Fan shall be driven by [an electric motor] [or] [a steam turbine]. [Electric motor shall be [drip-proof] [totally
enclosed nonventilated] [totally enclosed fan-cooled] [totally enclosed fan-cooled], suitable for installation
in a Class II, Division 1, Group F, hazardous location conforming to NFPA 70]. [Motor starter shall be magnetic
[across-the-line] [reduced voltage start] type with [general-purpose] [weather-resistant] [water tight] [dust-tight]
[explosion-proof] enclosure and shall be furnished with four auxiliary interlock contacts]. [Steam turbines
shall operate properly with a steam inlet pressure of [_____] Pa psig and with steam back pressure of [_____]
Pa psig. Turbines shall have horizontally-split, centerline support casings, water-cooled bearing housings with
ring-oiled, babbitt-lined, bronze packed sleeve bearings. Turbines shall also be equipped with a mechanical
shaft speed governor and valve, and independent emergency overspeed governor and trip valve, reed tachometer,
constant pressure type governor, insulation with removable metal jacket, oil-sight glasses with guards, removable
stainless steel steam strainer [without disconnecting piping], any special wrenches and tools required for servicing
turbine, and a sentinel warning on the exhaust casings. Turbines shall conform to NEMA SM 23].
2.12 DUCTWORK
NOTE: References to ductwork will be deleted if inapplicable for the equipment
specified. Ductwork thickness or gauge will depend on both size and pressure.
Ductwork shall be [galvanized sheet metal conforming to ASTM A 653/A 653M] [_____] with a minimum thickness of
[_____] mm [_____] gauge [_____] inches [_____] gauge. Ductwork shall be designed to convey air with a minimum
of pressure loss due to friction. Ducts shall be straight and smooth on the inside with laps made in the direction
of airflow. Ducts shall be externally braced and shall be so installed and anchored as to be free of vibration.
Access and inspection doors shall be provided as indicated, with a minimum of one in each section between dampers
or items of equipment. Ducts shall be constructed with long radius elbows having a centerline radius of 1.5
times the duct width, or where the space does not permit the use of long radius elbows, short radius or square
elbows with factory-fabricated turning vanes may be used. Duct joints shall be substantially air-tight and shall
have adequate strength for the service.
2.13 AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT
NOTE: Delete all equipment requirements not required on the project. Title
40, Part 60 of the Code of Federal Regulations for Protection of Environment
(40 CFR 60), state and local codes contain regulations pertaining to air pollution
control. 40 CFR 60 contains Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources.
In addition, EPA Test Report No. AP-42 with latest supplements contains emission
factors for the specific pollutant emitter (uncontrolled). Determine the degree
of required pollutant removal from the gas stream to meet the more stringent
of local, state and EPA regulations and indicate whether EPA, state or local
regulations apply. With the information thus obtained, determine the most effective
and economical air pollution control equipment required. This process will
be repeated for each pollutant emitter identifying the pertinent regulation.
Indicate on drawings for each pollution control equipment electric power requirements
including motor sizes, etc., where applicable. Coordinate performance, operation,
and control of pollution control equipment with all other related system components
to assure total system operation and that safety requirements are met. Indicate
on drawings any such items as walkways, guardrails, stairs, and ladders furnished
as part of the pollution control equipment, if required.
Performance of equipment shall be as indicated in Paragraph "Schedules". [Paint spray and wet process gas ductwork
shall comply with ANSI Z9.3 and NFPA 91.] [Air and water piping shall comply with ASME B31.1.] [Particulate
emission control equipment shall conform to ASME PTC 21, ASME PTC 28, and ASME PTC 38]. [Equipment shall be
provided with steel walkways, safety rails and stairs, or ladders as indicated. Access shall be by means of
[caged ladders] [step stairs with handrails]].
2.13.1 Dry Dynamic Precipitator
NOTE: Select construction features required including drive component and delete
all others. Dry dynamic precipitators may be used for collecting coarse dry
particulates from coal crusher, conveyor, and bunker ventilation where the objective
is to control material losses and to remove coarse fly-ash particulates from
boiler flue gases of chain-grate or stoker-fired boilers. It is not effective
in removing gaseous pollutants or particles of 7 micrometers and under.
Unit shall be a mechanical collector consisting of a motor-driven fan, a fan casing, a hopper or dust bin, fan
motor, fan motor starter with overload protection, [fan drive coupling] [belt drive with fan and motor pulleys
and adjustable motor base], fan and motor mounting base on hopper, and a [ceiling mounting] [floor mounting]
stand for the entire assembly. The fan shall comply with AMCA 99, Section 99-0401, Classification for Spark
Resistant Construction, AMCA 210, and AMCA 300.
2.13.1.1 Fan Impeller
Fan Impellers shall be steel and shall be designed to provide the static head required for pumping the dirty
and cleaned gas streams through the duct systems and related components. Impeller shall be keyed and locked
on a cold drawn, turned and polished steel shaft mounted on heavy duty grease or oil lubrication ball or roller
bearings. Shaft shall have a diameter and stiffness that will limit deflection at the maximum shaft loading,
within the operating range of the fan, to not more than 0.167 mm/meter 0.002 inch/foot of shaft. Shaft shall
be provided with a locked key slot for mounting a pulley, a direct drive, or coupling. The entire rotating assembly
shall be dynamically balanced at operating speeds. Shop balancing of the fan impeller assembly shall be to acceptable
standard as defined in ANSI S2.19 quality, Grade G6.3 or equivalent. Installed vibration levels shall not exceed
the levels specified in AMCA 801.
2.13.1.2 Fan Casing
Fan casing shall be abrasion resistant cast iron conforming to ASTM A 48/A 48M or abrasion resistant steel consisting
of a fan support base with back-housing, involute fan discharge scroll with inlet and discharge duct connections,
and a dirt discharge port. Scroll shall be provided with readily replaceable wear plates and shall be constructed
to permit field positioning the direction of discharge in at least eight different directions. Scroll shall
provide means for accumulating and diverting the bulk of the particulate enriched gas stream into the hopper
before the gas stream is returned to the inlet to the scroll.
2.13.1.3 Hopper Storage
NOTE: Determine the rate and quantity of pollutant material collected, the
final disposition of the material, and the manner and frequency of transport
to disposal location. From this, determine the hopper size to be indicated
and select the bracketed hopper outlet. Delete those not selected.
Hopper storage capacity shall be as indicated. Unit shall be constructed of not less than 3.4 mm 10 gauge [welded
low carbon] [corrosion resistant] steel plate for the vertical sides and bottom which shall be sloped steeper
than the slump angle of the material being collected to minimize bridging over at the outlet. Top shall be constructed
to support the fan, motor, and drive without buckling or being resonated by the fan and shall be not less than
6.4 mm 1/4 inch thick. Hopper shall be provided with an access door and shall have [a manually-operated rotary
lock] [a motor-driven rotary lock] [a guillotine-type slide gate].
2.13.1.4 Test Connections
Pressure test connections shall be provided at the suction and discharge ducts connecting to the precipitator.
2.13.2 Wet Dynamic Precipitator
NOTE: Select construction features required including drive component and delete
all others. Wet dynamic precipitators are frequently used for ventilation air
cleaning of coal crushing, conveying, and storage facilities where the dust
loading is 1 to 4.6 grams per cubic meter (1/2 to 2 grains (weight) per cubic
foot) of air and the particles are 50 percent or more of 2 to 7 micrometers
size. It will remove some gaseous pollutants.
Unit shall be a mechanical collector consisting of a motor-driven fan, a fan casing with water sprayhead, [a
hopper or slurry bin,] fan motor, fan motor starter with overload protection, [fan drive coupling,] [belt drive
with fan and motor pulleys and adjustable motor base,] [fan and motor support on [the hopper] [a rigid structural
steel base] arranged for [floor mounting]]. Fan shall comply with AMCA 99,Section 99-0401, Classification for
Spark Resistant Construction, AMCA 210, and AMCA 300.
2.13.2.1 Collector
NOTE: Delete inapplicable materials and equipment. Pipe, fitting, and valve
materials listed in this section are suitable for water service, but not for
corrosive, erosive, and some petrol services. The designer should select the
proper alloy (e.g., stainless steel 304, 316, etc.), rubber or other elastomer
lining or plastic for these and other applications where the chemistry of the
process shall dictate material selection.
Collector shall consist of a heavy steel plate fan housing constructed of low carbon steel. Fan shall have ASTM A 240/A 240M
stainless steel blades and rivets. Blades shall be fastened to a heavy forged steel hub mounted on a forged,
ground, and polished ASTM A 302/A 302M stainless steel shaft supported on ball or roller bearings. Shaft shall
have a diameter and stiffness that will limit deflection at the maximum shaft loading to not more than 0.167
mm/meter 0.002 inch/foot of shaft. Impeller and driven units shall be lock-keyed to the shaft with the entire
assembly dynamically balanced at all operating speeds. Shop balancing of the fan impeller shall be to acceptable
standards as defined in ANSI S2.19 quality, Grade G6.3 or equivalent. Housing and impeller shall be provided
with components that will provide for uniformly covering rotating and stationary parts with a film of moving
water to provide for wetting and capturing of centrifugally impinged particulates. Means shall be provided for
separation from the air stream and drainage of the water and particulate slurry from the collector. Installed
vibration levels shall not exceed the levels specified in AMCA 801.
2.13.2.2 Hopper Storage
NOTE: Determine hopper storage capacity and indicate an open drain or valved
outlet. Omit entire paragraph if hopper is not required for an installation
piped to drain filtrate to a coal recovery or ash pit.
Hopper storage capacity shall be as indicated. Unit shall be constructed of not less than 3.4 mm 10 gauge [welded
black] [welded corrosion resistant] steel plate for the vertical sides and sloped bottom. Top shall be constructed
to support the fan, motor, and drive without buckling or being resonated by the fan and shall be not less than
6.4 mm 1/4 inch thick. Hopper bottom shall be sloped for complete drainage of slurry of collected material;
shall be free of ledges and pockets; and shall provide for full free flushing of particulate when operating wet.
Hopper shall be provided with an inspection window, cleanout, and access door. Hopper shall be provided with
electric heating coils, modules, or blankets to keep collected material dry and free flowing with the unit installed
outdoors and out of service in a local winter outdoor design temperature of [_____] degrees C degrees F.
2.13.2.3 Nonstainless Components
Water wetted, nonstainless components shall be coated with a permanently bonded, abrasion and corrosion resistant
rubber facing suitable for the operating temperature of the gas stream.
2.13.2.4 Water Supply Components
NOTE: If water supply is unlimited, the pressure gauges, rate adjustment, and
flow meter within brackets are not needed and should be deleted.
Precipitator shall be provided with water supply components sized to meet equipment capacity requirements and
shall include:
a. A stainless steel water supply strainer with removable screen, flow control valve [with
rate adjustment] [pressure gauge] [low pressure alarm switch] [water meter].
b. Analog solenoid water flow control valve.
c. Adjustable water pressure control switch with contacts to open on low pressure to stop or
prevent operation of the fan motor if water pressure is below the minimum required for efficient
operation of the collector. [An additional set of contacts to close on low pressure to permit
operation of an annunciator alarm.] The adjustable range of the switch trip shall be from [_____]
to [_____] kPa [_____] to [_____] psig.
d. Water pressure gauges with 0 to 690 kPa 0-100 psig range.
e. Adjustable automatic water pressure or water flow rate regulator to provide a steady controlled
rate of water flow as required for optimum collector performance.
f. Water flow meter sized for rate required by the collector.
2.13.2.5 Test Connections
Pressure test connections shall be provided at the suction and discharge ducts connecting to the precipitator.
2.13.2.6 Drain Connections
Slurry drain connections shall be screwed or flanged pipe connections sized as recommended by the manufacturer.
2.13.3 Conical Dry Dust Collector
NOTE: The conical dry dust collector removes up to 80 percent by weight of
particles, 10 micrometers and over, from a gas stream and is used primarily
on general industrial dusts and occasionally to clean boiler flue gases since
it has a temperature tolerance up to 371 degrees C (700 degrees F). It is not
effective in removing gaseous pollutants or particles of 7 micrometers size
and under. Its high air friction drop may require a booster fan. It normally
is selected for pressure drops in the 890 Pa to 1652 Pa (3-1/2 to 6-1/2 inch
water) gauge range at operating conditions.
Unit shall be a mechanical collector consisting of a top horizontal involute scroll gas inlet and outlet mounted
over a vertical cylindrical shell or cone which shall have a narrow angle cone below. Unit shall be specifically
designed to impart a high velocity vortex spin to the incoming downflowing gas stream to throw particulates to
the wall of the cylinder and cone before turning upward in an internal vortex to the outlet. Replaceable wear
plates [are] [are not] required.
2.13.3.1 Scrolls, Cylinder, and Cone
NOTE: Delete inapplicable materials and equipment. Pipe, fitting, and valve
materials listed in this section are suitable for water service, but not for
corrosive, erosive, and some petrol services. The designer should select the
proper alloy (e.g., stainless steel 304, 316, etc.), rubber or other elastomer
lining or plastic for these and other applications where the chemistry of the
process shall dictate material selection.
Scrolls, cylinder, and cone shall all be not less than [3.4 mm 10 gauge] [4.8 mm 3/16 inch] [9.5 mm 3/8 inch]
[welded black] [corrosion resistant] steel. Inlet and outlet scrolls shall be connected for [clockwise] [counterclockwise]
connection and rotation of the vortex when looking down on the collector. Four equally spaced, welded steel
support brackets shall be provided on the bottom of the inlet scroll or on the vertical walls of the cylindrical
section of the collector. The collector cone shall not be used for storage. Particulate shall be removed and
collected, and cone bottom shall be provided with an air-tight seal. [A guillotine-type slide gauge] [A manually-operated
rotary lock] [A motor-driven rotary lock] shall be provided on the [bottom of cone] [bottom of surge tank] [bottom
of storage receptacle].
2.13.3.2 Test Connections
Pressure test connections shall be provided at the inlet and outlet ducts connecting to the collector.
2.13.4 Multitube, Centrifugal Dry Dust Collector
NOTE: The multitube centrifugal dust collector has similar performance to the
conical dry dust collector except it removes more of both coarse and fine particulates.
This collector is often used on stoker-fired boiler applications. The pressure
drop range is normally 635 Pa to 1144 Pa (2.5 to 4.5 inches water) gauge at
operating conditions. Sixty degree hopper valley angle is considered adequate
for worse case coal/ash scenario. If designer can confirm that application
is less demanding, he should consider a lower valley angle 55 degrees or 45
degrees. In certain applications the size of the unit may require some subassembly
in the field, negating the restrictions on field assembly.
Unit shall be a mechanical collector utilizing a number of parallel vertical or horizontal tubes of small diameter
in an enclosure having a single gas inlet and single gas outlet.
2.13.4.1 Inlet Tube Assemblies, Casing and Hopper
Inlet tube assemblies shall be replaceable [cast iron] [wear resistant steel with replaceable cast iron spinner
vanes and cones] [wear resistant steel with replaceable spinner vanes and cones]. Casing shall be [3.4 mm 10
gauge] [4.8 mm 3/16 inch] [6.4 mm 1/4 inch] [low carbon] [corrosion resistant] steel with the dust released into
a [3.4 mm 10 gauge] [4.8 mm 3/16 inch] [6.4 mm 1/4 inch] [black] [corrosion resistant] steel sloped bottom dust
hopper. Hopper valley angle shall be 60 degrees from the horizontal. The hopper shall be provided with a poke
hole and access door. Hopper bottom outlet shall be provided with [a guillotine-type slide gate] [a gravity-type
trip gate opened by the weight of the collected material] [a manually-operated rotary lock] [a motor-driven rotary
lock]. Unit shall be provided with a welded steel support assembly for field erection with no additional work
other than setting and bolting the unit in place.
2.13.4.2 Test Connections
Pressure test connections shall be provided at the inlet and outlet ducts connecting to the collector.
2.13.5 Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP)
NOTE: Electrostatic precipitators are highly effective with efficiencies up
to 99.9 percent by weight in removing fine particulates down to 0.3 micrometers
in size from gas streams having light loading of material by weight. They are
frequently applied in gas streams of 371 degrees C (700 degrees F) or higher
but may require a precleaner such as a dynamic precipitator, conical, or multitube
centrifugal to bring the gas stream down to an optimum loading. They require
a relatively large space. They have a very low gas flow friction but are quite
sensitive to having a uniform distribution of gas flow through the unit. The
efficiency may sharply fall under a gas flow above design rate. Efficiency
is also affected by dust particle electrical resistivity which can be too high
or too low for maximum performance. Frequently in these situations the addition
of relatively small quantities of flue gas conditioning agents have been very
effective in improving precipitator performance. Depending on the particle
electrical resistivity level, flue gas conditioning will be considered a viable
option. Commercial systems are available for ammonia, sodium compounds (carbonate
and sulfate), and sulfur trioxide flue gas addition. Pulse energization, the
modification to a conventional precipitator power supply to include the capability
to superimpose a high voltage pulse on the base voltage, is a second enhancement
technique for high resistivity particle applications. Intermittent pulsation,
the programmed interruption of normal high voltage waveform, is another enhancement
technique. Optimization of precipitator energization and rapping systems through
the use of microprocessor-based controls results in lower power levels, reduced
electrode failure, and overall improved collection efficiency. Examples of
control schemes that can be accomplished with properly programmed microprocessors
include:
a. Spark Prediction and Advance
b. Back Corona Detection
c. Opacity Feed Back
d. Rapping Optimization
e. Electrical Power Conservation
Reentrainment of collected material can be limited by a proper balance of factors
that affect performance, such as gas velocity through the plates; uniformity
of gas velocity profile; ratio of plate height to depth; size of lumps of agglomerated
material rapped from the collecting plates and discharge electrodes; and others.
Control may also be achieved by a system of automatic programmed gas flow dampers
coordinated to operate with related rappers for sequential cleaning of each
of the chambers.
Power consumption is generally equivalent to the additional power required by
other collecting methods. The pressure drop across units is typically less
than 127 Pa (0.5 inch water) gauge. Caution should be exercised in their use
where combustible or explosive coal dusts or oil fumes may be present and could
be ignited by a "spark-over" of the high voltage across the electrodes.
Unit shall comply with requirements of ICAC EP-1, ICAC EP-7, and ICAC EP-8, and shall remove [aerosols] [and]
[particulates] from processed gas stream by impressing a polarized electrostatic charge to the contaminants causing
them to be drawn to and deposited upon opposite polarity charged plates. Unit shall contain multiple chambers
and be of gas-tight construction. Unit shall be provided with [insulator compartments] [penthouse]. Unit shall
be provided with anti-sneak baffles to force all gas flow through ionizing gas passages and to prevent gas bypassing
the precipitator sections. Assembly shall consist of discharging electrodes and opposite charged plates, high
voltage power pack and controls, a rapping system for knocking dust from the discharge electrodes and collector
plates, perforated gas distribution plates, sheet steel enclosure with dust collecting hopper bottom, dirty gas
inlet, clean gas outlet, and structural steel frame. Precipitator systems shall include microprocessor based
controls [flue gas conditioning systems] [pulse energization] [intermittent energization].
2.13.5.1 Discharge Electrodes
Discharge electrodes shall be [wires and weights] [rigid electrodes] [rigid frame]. Discharge electrodes shall
be top supported with the bottom free to expand and contract with gas stream temperature changes. Electrodes
shall be laterally restrained to maintain optimum spacing from the plates. Electrodes shall have a stiffness,
length, or restraints required to prevent vibration or flutter when the unit is in service.
2.13.5.2 Collecting Plates
Collecting plates shall consist of vertical panels of multiple steel strips hanging edgewise in the horizontal
air stream so as to form the equivalent of many vertical splits of the gas stream into many gas passages. The
strips shall be convoluted, stiffened or constructed with raised ribs, to provide sufficient stiffness to prevent
distortion of the plates and also present vertical ridges to support boundary layer edges to increase plate dust
retention. Plates shall be top supported with the bottom free to expand and contract with changes of gas stream
temperature. Plate configuration and support system design shall be coordinated with the plate rapping system
design and operation to shed collected material from the plates and to retain a consistent and optimum spacing
from the discharge electrodes.
2.13.5.3 Power Supply and Control System
Power supply and control system shall be solid state microprocessor type. Control system shall provide for continuous
monitoring and regulating of applied voltage for effective maximum performance of precipitation over the range
of plate loadings with minimum sparking and arcing to the plates. Entire system shall be provided with a system
of safety interlocks and grounding devices to prevent personnel physical contact with high voltage components.
Voltage insulators shall be provided with heaters.
2.13.5.4 Rapping Systems
The rapping systems shall consist of multiple hammers or other impact devices to cause particulate shedding from
the collecting plate. Rapping shall automatically be programmed so that a minimum number of collecting plates
and discharge electrodes are rapped simultaneously. The unit shall be designed to limit reentrainment of collected
material falling from the collecting plates and discharge electrodes during the rapping operation without exceeding
the design cleaning efficiency.
2.13.5.5 Inlet and Discharge Ducts
Inlet and discharge ducts shall be provided with turning vanes, deflectors, and baffle plates to provide for
uniform distribution of gas flow through all gas passages and in each gas passage per ICAC EP-7. Pressure test
connections shall be provided at the inlet and discharge ducts connecting to the precipitator.
2.13.5.6 Dust Storage Hopper
The unit shall be provided with a [4.8 mm 3/16 inch] [6.4 mm 1/4 inch] [low carbon] [corrosion resistant] sloped
steel bottom dust storage hopper having the dust holding capacity indicated. The hopper shall be arranged to
prevent reentrainment of collected material into the gas stream. The hopper bottom shall be provided with rappers
or fluidizing pads and a hopper valley angle of 60 degrees and shall be free of pockets, ribs, fins, or any other
obstruction to hold or interfere with free release of collected material to the outlet. The outlet shall be
provided with [a guillotine-type slide gate] [a manually-operated rotary lock] [a motor-driven rotary lock].
The hopper shall be provided with a poke hole and gasketed access door and shall have a collected material level
indicator for [local indication] [local indication with terminals for wiring to a remote indicator]. [The level
indicator shall include a high material level audible alarm.] [The hopper shall be provided with electric heating
coils, modules, or blankets to keep collected material dry and free flowing with the unit installed outdoors
and out of service in a local winter outdoor design temperature of [_____] degrees C degrees F]. [The capacity
of the heating coil module or blanket shall be as shown.] [The heating coil module or blanket's size shall be
based on the ambient temperature of [_____] degrees C degrees F].
2.13.6 Wet Scrubber
NOTE: Select scrubber type based on efficiency required. Wet scrubbers are
used for the removal of gaseous pollutants such as sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides,
and other gaseous materials from boiler flue gases. Removal of sulfur oxides
(flue gas desulfurization) is covered by Paragraphs "Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization
System" and "Spray Dryer Flue Gas Desulfurization System". Wet scrubbers will
also remove fumes, mists, dusts, and smoke particles from laboratory fume hood
and welding booth exhausts. With appropriate adsorbents they can collect vapors
of paint thinners and solvents. They can handle boiler flue gases as high as
371 degrees C (700 degrees F), but impose a heavy water demand for evaporative
cooling causing a heavy water vapor plume from the chimney. This water use
also increases flue and chimney condensation and possible corrosion damage.
Those problems can be minimized with a heat exchanger with a pump and water
coils to precool the hot flue gas to the scrubber and deliver the recovered
heat to the relatively cool cleaned gas out of the scrubber, as required. Any
surplus heat can be used for other heating applications. The scrubber requires
a water and chemicals supply system with problems of slurry or sludge removal;
chemicals storage, mixing, feeding, and monitoring; and corrosion prevention
of wetted parts. Since the scrubber system is relatively costly to install
and operate, care should be exercised to limit its use to the function that
only it can perform. In addition to its primary function of removing gaseous
pollutants, it will also remove particulates. In addition to water sources
shown within brackets, there may be other sources such as recycled water from
waste treatment plant among others. Insert source within brackets and delete
the others.
Unit shall comply with ICAC G-1, ICAC WS-1, ICAC WS-3, and ICAC WS-4 as a wet scrubber for removing gases, fumes,
and particulates from the air exhausted from [welding] [and] [paint spray] booths [and from [_____]]. Scrubber
shall be one of the types identified by ICAC WS-3 as a [venturi,] [spray,] [tray,] [fixed packed bed,] [mobile
bed,] [impingement,] [or] [entrainment] type [or a combination of these types]. Unit shall employ a small quantity
of water or chemical neutralizing water solution to provide for maximum scouring and pollutant removal of the
gas stream. Water demand rates of less than 0.13 L/second per cubic meter per second one gpm per 1000 cfm of
processed gases shall use [potable] [cooling tower blowdown] [_____] water with waste to drain. Water demand
in excess of the above flow rate shall provide for recirculation of the washing liquor. Unit shall be provided
with [an automatic water supply control valve,] [a float-operated water level control valve,] [a totalizing water
meter,] strainer, and water pressure gauge.
2.13.6.1 Chemical System
NOTE: Investigate user agency, facility operation, and maintenance standards
and procedures; analyze the pollution control equipment's consumption of materials;
confer with equipment suppliers; and determine the optimum time period for reserve
capacity. Select the "reserve" time period, and delete all other periods.
The above investigation will also determine if the last sentence within the
brackets should be retained or deleted.
Each unit requiring neutralizing chemical additives shall be provided with a complete automatic chemical monitoring,
control, mixing, feeding, and reserve storage system. The chemical system shall have a reserve capacity for
[[24] [36] [48] hours] [[3] [7] [10] days] of continuous scrubber operation at design conditions without requiring
servicing. [Components that must be taken out of service for routine maintenance or chemical loading shall be
provided in duplicate arranged for transfer by manual operation of switches and valves.]
2.13.6.2 Scrubber
Scrubber shall be fluid-tight construction of [glass fibre reinforced polyester] [rolled low-carbon steel coated
with coal-tar enamel] [ASTM A 302/A 302M stainless steel] [ASTM A 240/A 240M stainless steel]. Unit shall be
provided with leak-tight viewing windows and access doors to permit appraisal of entire operation as well as
full access for all service operations or parts replacement. Vanes, baffles, deflectors, or diffuser plates
shall provide for uniform gas flow through the processing area. Scrubber shall be factory assembled, piped, and
wired on floor mounted welded steel bases as indicated.
2.13.6.3 Recirculation Pumps
NOTE: Determine if facility will require continuous operation or if it can
be shut down or if the pollution control equipment can be out of service for
extended periods. If continuous operation is required, select wording for duplicate
pumps and remove brackets.
Unit requiring recirculation of the scrubbing liquor shall be provided with [direct] electric motor centrifugal
pumps [in duplicate] to conform to HI 3.1-3.5. Pumps shall develop the system pressure head required by the scrubber.
Materials, construction, ratings, application, and testing shall conform to the standards and recommendations
of HI 3.1-3.5 for corrosion resistant operation of pumping the scrubber liquor. [A manual selector switch shall
be provided for selection of "Lead" and "Lag" operation of the duplicate pumps.] Each pump shall have a discharge
pressure gauge appropriate for the pump head and a low pressure limit switch to [start the backup pump] [and]
[close a circuit for an alarm]. Pumps shall be provided with corrosion-resistant strainers, valves, and piping
suitable for the system and the gas to be processed. [Pumps for metering the feed rate of scrubber chemical
additives shall be provided with [manual] [automatic] means for varying the feed rate.]
2.13.6.4 Piping Materials
NOTE: Delete inapplicable materials and equipment. Pipe, fitting, and valve
materials listed in this section are suitable for water service, but not for
corrosive, erosive, and some petrol services. The designer should select the
proper alloy (e.g., stainless steel 304, 316, etc.), rubber or other elastomer
lining or plastic for these and other applications where the chemistry of the
process shall dictate material selection.
Piping materials shall be compatible with the scrubber fluids.
2.13.6.5 Scrubber Collector System
Each scrubber requiring the use of chemical additives shall be provided with a system for removing and dewatering
the collected material and chemical residues of the scrubber process. Related equipment and controls shall be
provided. Pressure test connections shall be provided at the inlet and outlet ducts connecting to the collector.
2.13.7 Dry Fabric Collector for Boiler Flue Gases
NOTE: Dry fabric collectors are highly effective in removing up to 99.9 percent
by weight of particulates of submicron size and larger from gas streams of more
than 229 mg per cubic meter (0.1 grain (weight) per cubic foot). Emissions
will consistently be less than 11 mg per cubic meter (0.005 grain/actual cubic
foot). Fabrics are available for gas streams up to 288 degrees C (550 degrees
F) and are often used for particulate removal from coal handling operations
and boiler flue gases. Fibre selection and fabric construction and finish are
extremely critical to the performance and service life of a dry fabric collector.
Chemical, temperature and abrasion resistance, strength, and dimensional stability
are important fibre selection considerations. Fabric weave, weight, finish,
and dimensional stability are major fabric requirements. Fabric filters can
be harmed by corrosive chemicals. It may be necessary to scrub the gas prior
to the dry fabric collector. ICAC F-2 summarizes fibre and fabric selection
parameters. The space requirement is rather large and pressure drop is typically
in the 1.02 kPa to 1.53 kPa (4 to 6 inch water) gauge range. An important consideration
is whether the processed stream can be interrupted, such as a nonproduction
type welding facility exhaust, or if it must remain in continuous operation,
such as for a base boiler plant. If the process is relatively small and the
dust loading is relatively light, or if the process is intermittent, it may
be desirable and economic to use replaceable deep pocket type or automatic moving
media type filters. If the loading is high and process must not be interrupted,
a cleanable baghouse type unit may be desired.
Unit shall be type identified by ICAC F-5 as [an unsupported tubular [unibag] [multibag] [side entry] [top entry]
type] [a supported filter element [tubular] [or] [envelope] type]. Fabric collectors shall comply with ICAC F-2
and ICAC F-3. The collector provided shall be coordinated with the boiler combustion control and safety system
so as to assure that the boilers operate within design conditions throughout entire operating range at design
capacity of the collector. The collector shall be an ICAC [standard collector, Type III, medium-to-heavy duty,
usually continuous service cleaning gases at [_____] degrees C degrees F] [special or custom-designed collector,
Type IV, heavy duty continuous service cleaning gases at [_____] degrees C degrees F].
2.13.7.1 Filter Cleaning
NOTE: In the last sentence, three filter cleaning methods are available, any
or all of which may be allowed depending upon site conditions and available
utilities. Under the present state of the art, the use of compressed air pulse
jet cleaning should be limited to systems below 142 cubic meter per second (300,000
acfm (actual cfm)). Efforts to reduce flue gas pressure drop in fabric collectors
have led to the development of more vigorous cleaning methods, in particular,
the use of sonic horns in combination with conventional air exchange cleaning
methods, such as reverse air, pulsed jet, or shake/deflate. Up to 60 percent
reduction in pressure drop has been realized using sonic horns with no deterioration
in particulate emission levels. Pressure level, frequency, power levels, and
spatial distribution of horns within the collector compartment are all important
specification criteria.
Filter element cleaning shall be automatically initiated and executed [on an adjustable programmer time cycle]
[by operation of an adjustable high filter pressure drop switch]. Cleaning shall be accomplished by powered
vibrator or shaker devices, reverse cleaned air flow with [positive] [negative] air pressure in the unit, a combination
of shaker and reverse air flow [or compressed air pulse jet cleaning]. [Filter element cleaning shall include
sonic horns.]
2.13.7.2 Filter Enclosure
Filter enclosure shall be fabricated of [4.8 mm 3/16 inch] [6.4 mm 1/4 inch] [low carbon] [corrosion resistant]
steel of welded or bolted construction or combinations thereof. Enclosure sheets shall be given supporting strength
and rigidity by folding or bending or shall be supported on supplemental structural steel shapes. Unit shall
be provided with gas inlet and outlet connections and baffles, vanes, deflectors, or low friction diffuser plates
that will insure uniform gas flow to all elements of the fabric system without causing flutter, vibration, or
erosion of the fabric. Hinged, latched, and gasketed access doors shall be provided for all parts and areas
that require inspection or service. Fabric elements shall be secured and supported by internal rings or equivalent
method so that the entire fabric surface is so deployed that gas flow and particulate collection will be uniform
over entire working surface. Dust shedding properties shall be uniform so that entire fabric surface will be
equally cleared by a cleaning operation without damage to media other than normal service wear. Media shall
be arranged in elements, sections, pockets, or tubes that can be handled, removed, replaced, and secured without
special facilities.
2.13.7.3 Collector Cleaning
Units shall be provided with means for isolating a compartment or section for cleaning while other compartments
are performing their normal dust removal function. Compartment isolation shall effectively prevent reentrainment
of the particulate during the cleaning operation. Unit rating shall be based upon operation with one section
out for cleaning. Cleaning operation shall be [operator initiated and executed by manually operating the cleaning
cycle on each compartment in sequence until all filters have been cleaned] [operator initiated to have the filters
cleaned automatically one compartment at a time until all filters have been cleaned] [automatically initiated
by an adjustable filter air pressure drop switch operating at a high pressure set point to initiate the filter
cleaning operation] [automatically initiated by a timer to initiate the filter cleaning operation]. Once started,
the cleaning operation shall progressively clean one compartment at a time until all filters are cleaned. Removal
of collected particulate shall be by discharging from a hopper below. Collector manufacturer shall provide all
of the components required for the entire cleaning operation including [manual rappers] [motorized rappers] [rotary
air valve] [manual dampers] [motorized dampers] [compressed air surge receiver] [air compressor with receiver,
motor drive, and controls] [blast or pulse jet controls, nozzles, and valves] [shaker or flutter blower, motor,
drive, and controls]. [Automatic operations shall be provided with a manual override for starting, stopping,
interrupting, and restarting operation.]
2.13.7.4 Test Connections
Pressure test connections shall be provided at the inlet and outlet ducts connecting to the collector.
2.13.7.5 Flue Gas Dust Collectors Designed for In-Place Cleaning
Dust collectors designed and constructed for in-place cleaning of the fabric shall be provided with a [3.4] [4.8]
[6.4] mm [10 gauge] [3/16 inch] [1/4 inch] [low carbon] [corrosion resistant] steel sloped bottom dust storage
hopper having the dust holding capacity as indicated. Collector and hopper system shall be constructed to minimize
reentrainment of collected material into the gas stream. The hopper bottom shall be provided with rappers or
fluidizing pads and shall have a hopper valley angle of 60 degrees from the horizontal and shall be free of pockets,
ribs, fins, or any other obstruction to hold or interfere with free and complete release of all collected material
to the outlet. Outlet shall be provided with [a guillotine-type slide gate] [a motor-driven rotary lock] [automatic
lock hoppers]. Hopper shall be provided with a poke hole and gasketed access door, and shall have a collected
material level indicator for [local indication] [local indication with terminals for wiring to a remote indicator].
Level indicator shall include a high material level audible alarm. [Hopper shall be provided with electric heating
coils, modules, or blankets to keep collected material dry and free flowing with the unit installed outdoors
and out of service in a local winter outdoor design temperature of [_____] degrees C degrees F].
2.13.8 Dry Fabric Collector for Dust Control
NOTE: Dry fabric collectors are highly effective in removing up to 99.9 percent
by weight of particulates of submicron size and larger from gas streams of more
than 229 mg per cubic meter (0.1 grain (weight) per cubic foot). Emissions
will consistently be less than 11 mg per cubic meter (0.005 grain/actual cubic
foot). Fabrics are available for gas streams up to 288 degrees C (550 degrees
F) and are often used for particulate removal from coal handling operations
and boiler flue gases. Fibre selection and fabric construction and finish are
extremely critical to the performance and service life of a dry fabric collector.
Chemical, temperature and abrasion resistance, strength, and dimensional stability
are important fibre selection considerations. Fabric weave, weight, finish,
and dimensional stability are major fabric requirements. Fabric filters can
be harmed by corrosive chemicals. It may be necessary to scrub the gas prior
to the dry fabric collector. ICAC F-2 summarizes fibre and fabric selection
parameters. The space requirement is rather large and pressure drop is typically
in the 1.02 kPa to 1.53 kPa (4 to 6 inch water) gauge range. An important consideration
is whether the processed stream can be interrupted, such as a nonproduction
type welding facility exhaust, or if it must remain in continuous operation,
such as for a base boiler plant. If the process is relatively small and the
dust loading is relatively light, or if the process is intermittent, it may
be desirable and economic to use replaceable deep pocket type or automatic moving
media type filters. If the loading is high and process must not be interrupted,
a cleanable baghouse type unit may be desired.
Unit shall be type identified by ICAC F-5 as [an unsupported tubular [unibag] [multibag] [side entry] [top entry]
type.] [a supported filter element [tubular] [or] [envelope] type.] Fabric collector shall comply with ICAC F-2
and ICAC F-3. The collector shall be an ICAC EP-1 [unit, Type I, for light duty, intermittent service cleaning
gases at or near room temperature.] [standard collector, Type II, for light-to-medium duty [intermittent] [continuous]
service cleaning gases at continuous temperatures from room temperature to 135 degrees C 275 degrees F] [standard
collector, Type III, for medium to heavy duty 260 degrees C 500 degrees F] [special or custom designed collector,
Type IV, heavy duty continuous service cleaning gases at [_____] degrees C degrees F].
2.13.8.1 Filter Cleaning
NOTE: The choice of filter cleaning methods should be based on site conditions,
available utilities, and operational requirements. For example, dust control
of coal bunkering is usually intermittent as related to arrival of coal transporters
and does not warrant a fully automatic continuous operation facility. Under
the present state-of-the-art, the use of pulse jet cleaning should be limited
to systems up to 142 cubic meters per second (300,000 acfm (actual cfm)).
Filter cleaning of collector units processing air or gas streams at or near ambient temperatures, shall be [manually
initiated and executed by [operating the required dampers and cleaning devices]] [automatically initiated and
executed [on an adjustable or timed cycle] [by operation of an adjustable high filter pressure drop switch]].
[Powered cleaning shall be for [intermittent] [continuous] service employing [powered vibrator or shaker devices]
[reverse air flow with atmospheric air and] [reverse cleaned air pressurized air flow with] [positive] [negative]
air pressure in the unit [compressed air pulse jet cleaning] [of individual or a few elements] [of an entire
compartment].] [Filter element cleaning shall include sonic horns.]
2.13.8.2 Filter Enclosure Construction
The filter enclosure shall be fabricated of [3.4] [4.8] [6.4] mm [10 gauge] [3/16 inch] [1/4 inch] [low carbon]
[corrosion resistant] steel of welded or bolted construction or combinations thereof. Enclosure sheets shall
be given supporting strength and rigidity by folding or bending or shall be supported on supplemental structural
steel shapes. Unit shall be provided with gas inlet and outlet connections and baffles, vanes, deflectors, or
low friction diffuser plates that will insure uniform gas flow to all elements of the fabric system without causing
flutter, vibration, or erosion of the fabric. Hinged, latched, and gasketed access doors shall be provided for
all parts and areas that require inspection or service. Fabric elements shall be secured and supported in a
manner to have the entire fabric surface so deployed that gas flow and particulate collection will be uniform
over the entire working surface. Dust shedding properties shall be uniform so that the entire fabric surface
will be equally cleared by a cleaning operation without damage to the media other than normal service wear.
Media shall be arranged in elements, sections, pockets, or tubes that can be handled, removed, replaced, and
secured without special facilities.
2.13.8.3 Intermittent and Continuous Service Units
[Intermittent service units shall be equipped with [washable] [cleaning-in-place] fabric filters.] [Continuous
service units shall be provided with means for isolation of a compartment or section for cleaning while other
compartments are performing their normal dust removal function. Compartment isolation shall effectively prevent
reentrainment of particulate during the cleaning operation.] Unit rating shall be based upon operation with
one section out for cleaning. Cleaning operation shall be [operator initiated and executed by manually operating
the cleaning cycle on each compartment in sequence until all filters have been cleaned] [operator initiated to
have the filters cleaned automatically one compartment at a time until all filters have been cleaned] [automatically
initiated by an adjustable filter air pressure drop switch operating at a high pressure set point to initiate
the filter cleaning operation] [automatically initiated by a timer to initiate filter cleaning operation]. Once
started, the cleaning operation shall progressively clean one compartment at a time until all filters are cleaned.
Removal of collected particulate shall be by [raking out] [removal and dumping of a particulate pan or tray]
[draining from a hopper below]. Collector manufacturer shall provide all of the components required for the
entire cleaning operation including [manual rappers] [motorized rappers] [manual dampers] [motorized dampers]
[compressed air surge receiver] [air compressor with receiver, motor, drive, and controls] [blast or pulse jet
controls, nozzles, and valves] [shaker or flutter blower, motor, drive, and controls] [traveling ring components].
[Automatic operations shall be provided with a manual override for starting, stopping, interrupting, and restarting
operation.]
2.13.8.4 Test Connections
Pressure test connections shall be provided at the inlet and outlet ducts connecting to the collector.
2.13.8.5 Dust Collectors Designed for In-Place Cleaning
Dust collectors designed and constructed for in-place cleaning of the fabric shall be provided with a [3.4] [4.8]
[6.4] mm [10 gauge] [3/16 inch] [1/4 inch] [low carbon] [corrosion resistant] steel sloped bottom dust storage
hopper having the dust holding capacity as indicated. Collector and hopper system shall be constructed to minimize
reentrainment of collected material into the gas stream. Hopper bottom shall be provided with rappers or fluidizing
pads and the hopper valley angle shall be 60 degrees from the horizontal and shall be free of pockets, ribs,
fins, or any other obstruction to hold or interfere with free and complete release of all collected material
to the outlet. Outlet shall be provided with [a guillotine-type slide gate] [a manually-operated rotary lock]
[a motor-driven rotary lock] [automatic lock hoppers]. Hopper shall be provided with a poke hole and gasketed
access door, and shall have a collected material level indicator for [local indication] [local indication with
terminals for wiring to a remote indicator]. Level indicator shall include a high material level audible alarm.
[Hopper shall be provided with electric heating coils, modules, and blankets to keep collected material dry and
flowing with the unit installed outdoors and out of service in a local winter outdoor design temperature of [_____]
degrees C degrees F].
2.13.9 Gaseous Emissions Control Unit
NOTE: The gaseous emissions control units are to be used for cleaning particulate
and gaseous solvent materials from the exhaust air at laboratory fume hoods,
welding booths, water curtain paint spray booths, and other similar type problems.
The fabric prefilter will collect a reasonable amount of particulates and the
carbon will adsorb the gaseous vapors. The unit may be used without the prefilter
to collect gasoline vapor from small storage tank vents, but the tank should
be installed underground or be shaded to minimize boil-off. Project conditions
may make regeneration of the carbon desirable. A typical gaseous emission control
with carbon regeneration unit consists of two or more adsorber vessels with
deep bed (typically 450 to 600 mm (18 to 24 inches)) of high grade gas phase
activated carbon. The manufacturer should provide the bed depth as part of
his design, and should consider the life cycle cost when sizing the adsorbent
unit. The dampers and control valves will be pneumatically operated, based
on timer operation or solvent sensor operation. Once the adsorption bed is
saturated with solvent vapors, the flow into the adsorber is automatically diverted
to the second adsorber. Low pressure steam is used to desorb the saturated
adsorber, regenerating the carbon and producing a steam and solvent mixture
which is condensed in a shell and tube condenser. Water insoluble solvents
should be separated in a decanter for reuse. The system must be complete with
adsorber vessels, blower, filter, condenser, and controls. Deposition of the
waste effluents is dependent on the specific project and cannot be determined
in the guide specification.
Unit shall comply with ICAC G-1 and shall consist of a dry type particulate removal precleaner followed by an
adsorption unit of activated carbon or other approval adsorbent material.
2.13.9.1 Prefilter
Prefilter shall be [cleanable] [replaceable]. Prefilter shall have a cleaning performance equal to or exceeding
ASHRAE 52.1 of 95 percent arrestance by weight, 80 to 90 percent atmospheric dust spot efficiency, and a dust-holding
capacity of not less than 530 grams per 1 cubic meter per second 250 grams per 1,000 cfm cell. Media shall comply
with UL 900 and shall be provided with a support frame or shall be constructed to be self-supporting without
sagging either with or without gas flow. Each cell shall be securely held in place with applied pressure leak-tight
joint between the media, media flange, and media collar, and the filter shall be secured to the media bulkhead
with latches or clips to permit removal, replacement, and securing without special tools.
2.13.9.2 Adsorbent Unit
Adsorbent section shall consist of a system of trays, hollow panels, canisters, or other means of holding a deep
bed of activated carbon conforming to ASTM D 2854 and ASTM D 2862, or other adsorbent material, to cause the
processed gas to pass through a uniform depth of material in the gas flow direction. Trays, panels, and canisters
shall be designed to assure that the adsorbent bed will be uniform, full and free of voids or thin spots and
supported and contained to prevent movement, pulverizing, abrasion, or dusting of the adsorbent and easy and
full recharging without special facilities or tools. Adsorbent units shall be secured leak-tight in a bulkhead
forcing all gas to pass through the adsorbent bed.
2.13.9.3 Prefilter and Adsorbent Assemblies
Prefilter and adsorbent assemblies shall be enclosed in a welded, bolted, or riveted sheet metal enclosure that
limits both in-leakage or out-leakage of gas. Enclosure access doors or panels shall be bolted, or gasket-sealed
and latched to provide independent access to the prefilter and the adsorbent plenums. The enclosure shall be
designed for the maximum differential pressure (positive or negative) under any mode of operation.
2.13.9.4 Inlet and Outlet Ducts
Unit shall be provided with inlet and discharge vanes, baffles, diffusers, or other devices to assure uniform
gas flow through the processors. Pressure test connections shall be provided at the inlet and outlet ducts connecting
to the collector.
2.13.10 Petrol Vapor Recovery Unit
NOTE: The petrol vapor recovery unit is intended for use at fuel depots or
fuel distribution terminal facilities. It is used to recover fuel vapors by
refrigerated condensation of the material from tank and transporter vents.
Underground storage tanks at petrol dispensing stations do not commonly require
refrigerated petrol recovery units but are equipped to have the unloading fuel
displace a like volume of vapor from the underground tank into the transporter
through a vent hose and manifold which are integral with the transporter vehicle.
The transporter then hauls this vent gas to the local depot for recovery as
the transporter is reloaded. Some jurisdictions may require vehicle tank venting
back to the storage tank as the vehicle is loaded. Gaseous emission activated
carbon emission control units, with and without carbon regeneration, can be
used in this application.
Unit shall be a complete air-cooled mechanical refrigerated electric-operated unit designed for condensing the
fuel vapors vented from gasoline system storage tanks. Recovery process shall be in two steps. The first step
shall precool the vent gas to slightly above water freeze point to remove most of the water vapor without a defrost
cycle. The second step shall cool the gas to the required vapor pressure with minimum frost collection. System
shall include storage capacity and circulation system for defrosting fluid. Refrigerants shall be classified
as nontoxic, nonflammable, conforming to ASHRAE 15, Group 1.
2.13.10.1 Defrosting
[Fuel handling operation will allow defrosting for about [4] [5] [6] hours after midnight.] [Fuel handling operation
will not allow time for defrosting and a duplicate cooler shall be provided with automatic controls to alternate
the units between cool and defrost modes with status indication of each.]
2.13.10.2 Unit Operation and Control
Unit shall be provided for [complete monitoring and control at the unit] [operation and control at the unit with
remote indication of ON-OFF position of unit power supply switch] [operation and control at the unit with remote
indication of operating and control of the unit with complete process indication with maintenance and service
operation at the unit]. [[Visible] [and] [audible] alarms shall be provided on critical functions [locally]
[and at remote station].]
2.13.10.3 Design and Fabrication Requirements
Unit shall be from single supplier and of coordinated design, fully assembled and subjected to factory tests
before shipment. Unit shall be skid mounted on a permanent steel base with pick-up lugs and anchor bolt holes
for installation on a concrete foundation. Electric power connection, vent gas inlet, return line for condensed
hydrocarbons, and drain for aqueous liquids shall be provided. Components shall be installed in a ventilated
weather proof enclosure with full accessibility for operation and service through hinged access doors with latches
or removable panels. Doors shall be used for access to all operating functions. Cold components and piping
of the entire system subject to sweating or frosting shall be insulated. Electrical equipment and installation
work shall conform to requirements of hazardous locations for Class I, [Division I,] [Division II,] Group D,
of NFPA 70 and NFPA 496, and Type X shall conform to UL 5, UL 674, UL 698, UL 823, UL 886, UL 894, and UL 1002
requirements. Inlet vent gas flow to the unit shall be through a 0.075 mm 200 mesh removable ASTM A 240/A 240M
stainless steel or equal strainer. Refrigeration work shall comply with ASHRAE 15 and ASME B31.5. Petrol vapor,
condensed hydrocarbon returns, and aqueous waste piping shall comply with ASME B31.3.
2.13.11 Gravel Bed Filter
NOTE: Electrostatically enhanced gravel beds, combining granular filtration
and electrostatic collection, are highly effective with collection efficiencies
in excess of 99 percent on submicron particles. Gravel beds without electrostatic
enhancement have collection efficiency greater than 95 percent on coarser particulate.
They are frequently applied to gas streams in excess of 371 degrees C (700 degrees
F) and are particularly suitable for the collection of high resistivity particulates
with potential fire and explosion hazards. Gravel beds are more compact then
electrostatic precipitators or fabric filters for comparable applications.
The unit is relatively insensitive to variations in gas flow and temperature
excursions, and, in most cases, chemical makeup of the exhaust gas and particulate.
Pressure drop across the gravel bed ranges from 763 Pa to 1271 Pa (3 to 5 inches
water) gauge. Carbon steel is the normal material of construction although
high temperature and/or corrosive environments require the use of alloys or
stainless steel.
The system shall remove particulates from process gas streams through granular filtration in a moving bed of
filter media supplemented by electrostatic collection resulting from the application of high voltage power to
[an electrical grid located in the bed] [an ionization grid located upstream of the bed in addition to an electrical
grid located in the bed].
2.13.11.1 System Operation
Dirty gas shall enter the dry scrubber vessel which shall contain several louvered concentric tubes. The annular
space between the inner wall of the vessel and the outer louver wall shall be filled with circulating pea-size
gravel media. Prior to entering the scrubber, the dirty gas shall pass an ionization electrode or grid in the
two-grid`unit where the dust particles are electrostatically charged. In both grid configurations, dirty flue
gas shall pass through the circulating gravel media which has been converted to the equivalent of a collecting
electrode by the high voltage bed electrical grid. Particulate shall be separated from the gas by both impaction
and electrostatic collection, and deposited on the circulating gravel. The cleaned gas shall exit the downstream
duct of the scrubber. The dust-laden gravel shall drop into a hopper(s) from which it shall be air lifted to
the separation or deentrainment chamber. The dust shall be separated from the gravel by the airlift action and
shall exit the top of the deentrainment chamber to the collection and disposal system. The cleaned media shall
be returned to the scrubber vessel.
2.13.11.2 System Components
The system shall consist of 9.5 mm 3/8 inch [carbon steel] [alloy] [stainless steel] scrubber vessel(s), insulated
electrostatic grid(s), transformer-rectifier(s), high voltage control section, pea-sized gravel media, media
circulation system including lift, air blower(s), piping, valves, and seal legs, dust collection and separation
system, and controls.
2.13.12 Wet Flue Gas Desulfurization System
NOTE: A flue gas desulfurization (FGD) system is used to reduce emission of
sulfur dioxide from solid waste incinerator and boiler flue gases. It can also
reduce other acid gas emissions such as hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid.
FGD systems are classified as either wet or dry processes. In the wet process,
the flue gas reacts with a sorbent solution, producing a liquid product. The
reagent selected will result in either a waste product, which must be disposed
of, or a by-product, in which the sulfur recovered is in useable form. In general,
the capital cost of regenerative systems may be up to twice the cost of non-regenerable
systems.
System shall remove sulfur dioxide, [hydrochloric acid] [hydrofluoric acid] [particulates] [and] [______] from
processed gas stream. System shall be [non-regenerative] [regenerative] and shall use wet scrubbing process.
System shall include all equipment required for a complete, operable FGD system, including wet scrubbing system,
complete reagent feed system, [waste] [by-product] handling system, and instrumentation and controls for safe,
reliable operation of the system.
2.13.12.1 Wet Scrubber System
Wet scrubber shall comply with ICAC G-1, ICAC WS-1, ICAC WS-3, and ICAC WS-4. Scrubber shall be one of the types
identified by ICAC WS-3 as a [venturi,] [spray,] [tray,] [fixed packed bed,] [mobile bed,] [impingement,] [or]
[entrainment,] type [or a combination of these types]. Scrubber shall be fluid-tight construction of [glass
fiber reinforced plastic] [rolled low-carbon steel coated with coal-tar enamel] [ASTM A 302/A 302M stainless
steel] [ASTM A 240/A 240M stainless steel] [_____]. Unit shall be constructed with leak-tight viewing windows
and access doors to permit appraisal of scrubbing process as well as full access for all service operations or
parts replacement. Vanes, baffles, deflectors, or diffuser plates shall provide for uniform gas flow through
the scrubbing chamber. Scrubber internal components shall be designed to minimize scaling and plugging inside
the tower. Mist eliminator shall be of fluid-tight construction. Vanes, baffles, or deflectors shall provide
for uniform gas flow to the mist eliminator elements. Mist eliminator shall be designed to minimize reentrainment
of liquid into the gas stream. Mist eliminator shall be provided with a water washing system to prevent solids
buildup on the blades. Washing nozzles shall be sized and oriented to spray entire mist eliminator area. System
shall be provided with clean gas reheater upstream of stack to prevent acidic condensation and corrosion in the
stack.
2.13.12.2 Reagent Feed System
Reagent feed system shall include all components required for storage of dry reagent, preparation of reagent
slurry, delivery and re-circulation of the selected reagent. One reagent feed system shall serve all scrubbers.
Reagent feed system shall have a reserve capacity for [[24] [36] [48] hours] [[3] [7] [10] days] of continuous
FGD operation at design capacity without servicing. [Components that must be taken out of service for routine
maintenance or reagent loading shall be provided in duplicate, arranged for transfer by manual operation of switches
and valves.] System shall include all tanks, agitators, pumps, piping, valves and other equipment required by
a specific system design. System equipment shall be of design, material and construction appropriate for scrubbing
solution delivery and for re-circulation of scrubbing effluent. Piping shall be designed to prevent settling
of scrubbing solution inside the pipes. Design shall include provisions for drainage and clean-out of feed system
components, including pumps and piping.
2.13.12.3 Waste Handling System
Waste handling system shall include all equipment required for pre-disposal treatment of the scrubbing effluent,
including tanks, agitators, liquid-solid separator, vacuum filter, solid waste holding bin, pumps, piping, and
valves as required.
2.13.12.4 Test connections
Pressure test connections shall be provided at the inlet and outlet ducts connecting to the scrubber.
2.13.13 Spray Dryer Flue Gas Desulfurization System
NOTE: A flue gas desulfurization (FGD) system is used to reduce emission of
sulfur dioxide from solid waste incinerator and boiler flue gases. It can also
reduce other acid gas emissions such as hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid.
FGD systems are classified as either wet, wet/dry, or dry processes. The spray
dryer FGD process is a wet/dry process, in which the flue gas reacts with an
alkaline reagent, usually a lime slurry, and the reaction product is in dry
form. The reagent selected will result in either a waste product, which must
be disposed of, or a by-product, in which the sulfur recovered is in useable
form. In general, the capital cost of regenerative systems may be up to twice
the cost of non-regenerable systems.
System shall remove sulfur dioxide, [hydrochloric acid] [hydrofluoric acid] [particulates] [and] [_____] from
processed gas stream. System shall be non-regenerative and shall use a spray dryer scrubbing process. System
shall include all equipment required for a complete, operating FGD system, including spray dryer scrubbing system,
complete slurry feed system, waste handling system, particulate collecting unit consisting of [fabric filter
collector,] [electrostatic precipitator,] and instrumentation and controls for safe, reliable operation of the
system.
2.13.13.1 Spray Dryer System
Spray dryer shall comply with ICAC G-1 and ICAC FGD-1. Spray dryer shall be of gas-tight construction. Unit
shall be constructed with leak-tight viewing windows and access doors to permit appraisal of scrubbing process
as well as full access for all service operations or parts replacement. Spray dryer system shall include flue
gas preheater prior to spray dryer inlet. Vanes, baffles, deflectors, or diffuser plates shall be designed to
provide complete mixing of flue gas and chemical reagent, and to provide adequate time for chemical reaction
and evaporation of liquid in spray dryer chamber. Atomizing system shall be [rotary] [or] [dual fluid] and shall
provide uniform dispersion of the chemical reagent in the spray dryer chamber and prevent gas droplet deposition
on spray dryer walls. [Dual fluid nozzle atomizers shall use compressed air as the atomizing fluid. A dedicated
air compressor system shall be provided for dual fluid atomizing system.] Scrubber internal components shall
be designed to minimize scaling inside the tower.
2.13.13.2 Reagent Feed System
Chemical reagent feed system shall include all components required for storage, preparation, delivery and re-circulation
of the chemical reagent. One reagent feed system shall serve all scrubbers. Reagent feed system shall have
a reserve capacity for [[24] [36] [48] hours] [[3] [7] [10] days] of continuous FGD operation at design capacity
without servicing. [Components that must be taken out of service for routine maintenance or reagent loading
shall be provided in duplicate, arranged for transfer by manual operation of switches and valves.] System shall
include all tanks, agitators, filters, pumps, piping, valves and other equipment required by a specific system
design. System equipment shall be of design, material and construction appropriate for reagent delivery and
for re-circulation of spray dryer effluent. Piping shall be designed to prevent settling of solids inside the
pipes. Design shall include provisions for drainage and clean-out of feed system components, including pumps
and piping.
2.13.13.3 Particulate Collecting Unit
Particulate collecting unit shall be designed to collect spray dryer products and fly ash remaining in the gas
stream exiting the spray dryer. Particulate collection unit shall consist of [fabric filter collector] [electrostatic
precipitator]. [Fabric filter collector shall be in accordance with Paragraph "Dry Fabric Collector for Boiler
Flue Gases"]. [Electrostatic precipitator shall be in accordance with Paragraph "Electrostatic Precipitator
(ESP)"].
2.13.13.4 Test connections
Pressure test connections shall be provided at the inlet and outlet ducts of each spray dryer and fabric filter
collector.
2.13.14 Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) System
NOTE: All fossil fuel burning processes produce nitrogen oxides (NOx). Selective
catalytic reduction (SCR) reduces NOx to N2 in the presence of a catalyst.
The reducing gas is usually ammonia (NH3), and the catalyst may be composed
of various materials, such as oxides of vanadium or tungsten. The catalytic
reduction reaction requires temperatures in the range of about 300 to 425 degrees
C (600 to 800 degrees F). Selection of the catalyst material and configuration,
as well as the operating temperature, depends on the type of fuel being burned.
The catalytic reactor will receive a high dust, low dust, or tail end gas stream,
depending on its location in the system. In the high dust location, the catalyst
is located upstream of an electrostatic precipitator. Location of the SCR system
downstream of an electrostatic precipitator results in a low dust environment
for the catalyst. In the tail end location, the SCR system is located downstream
of an electrostatic precipitator and/or a flue gas desulfurization system, which
provides the cleanest gas to the catalyst. Location of the SCR in the system
will have an impact on catalyst life.
Efficiency of conventional SCR equipment in removal of NOx is about 80-90%.
SCR may be used in conjunction with combustion modifications, such as low NOx
burners. A potential complication of SCR using ammonia when high sulfur coal
is burned is the formation of ammonium bisulfate. When unreacted ammonia passes
through the catalytic reactor, called ammonia slip, it will combine with SO3
present in the flue gas, forming ammonium bisulfate. Ammonium bisulfate, a
sticky, corrosive material, will condense on downstream equipment. Ammonia
slip is a major design concern when burning high sulfur coal.
System shall be designed to reduce nitrogen oxides from processed gas stream. System shall use ammonia as the
reducing agent. System shall include all equipment required for a complete, operable SCR system, including, but
not limited to, ammonia delivery system, catalytic reactor [with sootblowers], ash removal system, instrumentation
and controls for safe, reliable operation of the system, and other pollution control devices as required.
2.13.14.1 Ammonia Delivery System
Ammonia delivery system shall include all components required for storage, preparation, and delivery of ammonia
to the flue gas stream downstream of the economizer, prior to the catalytic reactor. The ammonia delivery system
shall be designed to automatically deliver ammonia based on the quantity of NOx detected in the gas stream.
Ammonia vaporizers shall be designed to ensure uniform ammonia distribution in the gas stream. Ammonia vaporizers
shall be located in ductwork at a sufficient distance upstream of the catalytic reactor to provide complete mixing
of ammonia and flue gas prior to the catalytic reactor inlet.
2.13.14.2 Catalytic Reactor
Catalytic reactor shall provide environment for chemical reaction between ammonia and nitrogen oxides, to produce
elemental nitrogen and water as the products. Catalytic reactor configuration shall provide for uniform gas
flow through all elements of the reactor. Catalytic reactor shall be of gas tight construction Catalytic reactor
shall be located between boiler economizer and boiler air preheater. [Catalytic reactor shall be located [upstream
of an electrostatic precipitator] [downstream of an electrostatic precipitator] [downstream of a flue gas desulfurization
system] [downstream of an electrostatic precipitator and a flue gas desulfurization system].] [Catalytic reactor
shall be provided with sootblowers.] Ammonia slip shall be limited to [_____] ppm.
2.14 AUXILIARIES
NOTE: Include items needed for future maintenance and repair, items that might
be difficult to obtain and spare parts needed to ensure continued operation
of critical equipment.
Auxiliaries for maintenance shall be provided with the equipment and shall include all special tools, rigs, jigs,
fixtures, equipment, or other devices required for normal operation and service. Any equipment required for
routine maintenance such as filter wash facilities, oil or refrigerant removal, and replacement devices shall
be provided. Tests or measurement instruments or gauges shall be included. The following shall also be furnished:
a. [Spare parts for each different item of material and equipment specified including all the of parts
recommended by the manufacturer to be replaced after [1 year] [1 year and 3 years] service].
b. [One set of special tools for each type of equipment, including calibration devices, and instruments
required for adjustment, calibration, disassembly, operation, and maintenance of the equipment.] [One
set of special tools, calibration devices, and instruments required for operation, calibration, and maintenance
of the equipment].
c. [One or more steel tool cases mounted on the wall in a convenient location complete with flat key
locks, two keys, and clips or hooks to hold each special tool].
d. [_____].
2.15 EMISSION MONITORING SYSTEM
NOTE: Provide in-situ opacity monitoring equipment where applicable to insure
emission compliance of the particulate control equipment.
State and local regulatory authorities should be contacted at an early stage
of the project design to determine if they consider the test methods cited to
be adequate, and if they have any additional requirements.
Emission monitoring system complete with all components, accessories, analyzers [analyzer calibration system]
[and recorders,] [alarms], and free-standing factory assembled panel shall be provided to [monitor opacity, sulfur
dioxide, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide emissions in boiler flue gases.] [In-situ opacity
monitoring.] [_____]. System shall [continuously monitor] [time program monitor as indicated] [be manually operated
to monitor] the emissions. Emissions shall be indicated [and recorded] in ppm and percent of sample.
2.15.1 Gas Sampling System
Sampling locations for air pollution control equipment performance shall be in accordance with 40 CFR 60, Appendix
A. A vacuum pump shall draw a gas sample through a filter probe mounted inside the stack, a prefilter, and a
moisture separator/drier. It shall discharge the sample through a flow meter on each analyzer to atmosphere
as indicated. Equipment and necessary tubing shall be provided for automatically purging pollutants from sampling
tubing, stack probe, and drier tubing, and for automatic regeneration of the drier. Cleaning and drying operation
shall be time programmed.
2.15.2 Analyzing System
System shall provide simultaneous measuring and analyzing of sample gas by each analyzer with independent flow
meters, valves, piping, and accessories. Each analyzer shall indicate ppm of the measured pollutant. [A recorder
shall be provided for each analyzer with 30-day, 125 mm 5 inch strip chart with pressure sensitive stylus.]
Each analyzer shall be provided with a visual color coded, panel mounted, high limit alarm with a single audible
alarm with silencing button for all alarms. A relay on each analyzer shall be provided for connection to a remote
alarm.
2.15.3 System Mounting
Gas sampling, analyzing [, and recording] systems shall be piped, wired, and mounted within a factory fabricated
2.657 mm 12 gauge cold rolled black steel enclosure with angle frame support and key-locked doors for [wall]
[floor] mounting. Entire system shall be suitable for 120 Vac, 60 Hz, single-phase electric service.
2.15.4 Calibration
Calibration gas tanks of capacities indicated complete with regulators, valving, and tubing shall be provided
for the specified emissions.
2.16 FACTORY APPLIED INSULATION
NOTE: Insert equipment and related piping, casings, and enclosures requiring
insulation as applicable.
The following equipment and appurtenances shall be insulated with materials, jacketing, and finishes, as specified
in Section
23 07 00
23 07 00
23 07 00 THERMAL INSULATION FOR MECHANICAL SYSTEMS:
a. [_____]
b. [_____]
2.17 PAINTING AND FINISHING
Equipment and component items shall be factory primed and finish coated with the manufacturer's standard finish.
Items located outside the building shall have weather resistant finish. Damaged finish surfaces shall be refinished
with an identical type of finish used at the factory.
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.1 INSTALLATION
Work shall be installed as indicated and in accordance with manufacturer's diagrams and written instructions.
[A factory installation specialist shall be at the site for erection of [electrostatic precipitator,] [baghouse,]
[scrubber,] [wet flue gas desulfurization system] [spray dryer flue gas desulfurization system] [selective catalytic
reduction system] [and] [petrol vapor recovery unit].] Field applied insulation shall be as specified in Section
23 07 00
23 07 00
23 07 00 THERMAL INSULATION FOR MECHANICAL SYSTEMS.
3.2 OPERATION AND PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
NOTE: Select the appropriate performance data forms required for the equipment
selected. Fill in the data on the forms. Delete or retain the topic items
as appropriate. EPA Technical Report AP-42 including Supplements 1 through
9 (and later supplements if issued) will be used to determine the properties
or qualities and quantities of uncontrolled emissions from the various polluting
equipments, systems, and operations to be corrected under this guide specification.
Show in tables on drawings operating performance requirements for fans, pumps,
motors, and other auxiliaries, indicating cfm, gpm, hp, etc. Fill out separate
table for each air pollution control equipment selected for a given project
in accordance with the following guide:
Type
Table Effluent Applicable Equipment
_______ __________ ______________________
I General Dust Dry Dynamic,
Centrifugal Fabric,
Fabric, or Wet Dynamic
II Boiler Fly Ash Dry Dynamic,
Centrifugal Fabric, or
ESP
III Boiler Flue Gases Scrubber, Flue Gas
& Other Fume Sources Desulfurization System,
Selective Catalytic
Reduction System
IV Petrol & Other Vapor Refrigeration Unit or
Sources Fabric
Prefilter
with Activated Carbon
with Regeneration
Air pollution control equipment shall process and remove pollutants from exhaust gas streams to produce an effluent
that will conform to 40 CFR 50 and other federal, state, and local regulations, without degrading the performance
of related system components. The air pollution control equipment installed shall perform the cleaning operation
as indicated on the Air Pollution Equipment Performance Data forms attached to this section.
3.3 TESTING AND INSPECTIONS
3.3.1 System Performance Test
Upon completion and prior to acceptance of the project, the air pollution control equipment and monitoring system
shall be tested in accordance with 40 CFR 60, Appendix A and state and local codes by [the Contractor] [an independent
testing organization] to demonstrate indicated performance. [A factory startup specialist shall be at the site
to direct and monitor startup for testing of [electrostatic precipitator,] [baghouse,] [scrubber,] [wet flue
gas desulfurization system] [spray dryer flue gas desulfurization system] [selective catalytic reduction system]
[and] [petrol vapor recovery unit].] The Contractor shall notify the Contracting Officer [_____] days in advance
of the test date. The [Contractor] [independent testing organization] shall furnish all instruments and personnel
required for the tests. The Contractor shall submit the applicable test procedures and sampling locations to
the Government for approval. Electricity and water will be furnished by the Government.
3.3.2 Retesting
If any deficiencies are revealed during test, such deficiencies shall be corrected and the tests reconducted.
3.4 FRAMED INSTRUCTIONS
Framed instructions containing wiring and control diagrams under glass or in laminated plastic shall be posted
where directed. The instructions shall show wiring and control diagrams and complete layout of the entire system.
The instructions shall include, in typed form, condensed operating instructions explaining preventive maintenance
procedures, methods of checking the system for normal safe operation and procedures for safely starting and stopping
the system. The framed instructions shall be posted before acceptance testing of the system.
3.5 MANUFACTURER'S FIELD SERVICE
3.5.1 Installation
Services of a manufacturer's representative who is experienced in the installation, adjustment, and operation
of the specified equipment shall be provided. The representative shall supervise the installing, adjusting,
and [testing] [testing start-up] of the equipment.
3.5.2 Training
NOTE: Insert number of hours required to train personnel for the equipment
operations.
The Contractor shall conduct training course for operating staff as designated by the Contracting Officer. The
training period, of a total of [_____] hours of normal working time, shall start after the system is functionally
completed, but prior to final acceptance tests. The field instructions shall cover all of the items contained
in the operating and maintenance instructions, as well as demonstrations of routine maintenance operations.
The Contracting Officer shall be notified at least 14 days prior to date of proposed conduction of training course.
3.6 SCHEDULES
TABLES I and II: List any or all properties of particulate materials such as corrosive, toxic, abrasive, sticky,
flammable, explosive, abrasive, friable, spherical fibrous, and hygroscopic.
TABLES I and III: Delete reference to particulates if the scrubber is to be installed with a particulate precleaner.
TABLE III: Delete reference to water supply data if not applicable for equipment selected.
TABLES III and IV: The volume to be listed here is the total volume of exhaust or ventilation air flow with
which the pollutant is mixed. Add or delete items under Analysis of Gaseous Pollutants.
TABLE I. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
Type Collector: [_____]
Contaminated Stream: [_____]
Collector Inlet Conditions:
Elevation: [_____] meters
Gas Density: [[_____] kg per cubic meter]
Volume: [[_____] actual cubic meters per second]
[stoichiometric] [pitot]
Pressure: [[_____] Pa] gauge
Temperature: [[_____] degrees C]
Grain Loading: [[_____] mg per actual cubic meters]
[[_____] mg per standard cubic meter]
[[_____] nanograms per J]
Moisture: [_____] percent
Analysis of Particulates:
Specific Gravity: [_____]
Bulk Density: [[_____] kg per cubic meter]
Physical Properties: [_____]
Particle Size Percent by Weight
Distribution-Micrometers of Dust in Range
0-5 [_____]
5-10 [_____]
10-20 [_____]
20-30 [_____]
30-40 [_____]
+40 [_____]
Chemical Analysis
Collection Efficiency: [_____] percent
Allowable Outlet Emission: [[_____] mg per actual cubic meter]
[[_____] mg per standard cubic meter]
[[_____] nanograms per J]
Allowable Collector Pressure Drop: [[_____] Pa ]
water gauge Inlet
Flange to Outlet Flange:
Hopper Capacity [[_____] cubic meters]
Collector Internal Pressure Relative to Atmosphere
Positive [[_____] Pa] gauge
Negative [[_____] Pa] gauge
Water Supply:
Pressure: [[_____] kPa]
Flow Rate: [[_____] liters per second]
Water Analysis: [_____]
TABLE I. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
Type Collector: [_____]
Contaminated Stream: [_____]
Collector Inlet Conditions:
Elevation: [_____] feet
Gas Density: [_____] pcf
Volume: [_____] acfm [stoichiometric] [pitot]
Pressure: [_____] inches of water gauge
Temperature: [_____] degrees F
Grain Loading: [_____] [grain/acf] [grains/scf] [pounds/10
to the plus 6 Btu]
Moisture: [_____] percent
Analysis of Particulates:
Specific Gravity: [_____]
Bulk Density: [_____] pcf
Physical Properties: [_____]
Particle Size Percent by Weight
Distribution-Microns of Dust in Range
0-5 [_____]
5-10 [_____]
10-20 [_____]
20-30 [_____]
30-40 [_____]
+40 [_____]
Chemical Analysis
Collection Efficiency: [_____] percent
Allowable Outlet Emission: [_____] [grains/acf] [grains/scf] [pounds/10
to the plus 6 Btu]
Allowable Collector Pressure Drop: [_____] inches water gauge Inlet
Flange to Outlet Flange:
Hopper Capacity [_____] cubic feet
Collector Internal Pressure Relative to Atmosphere
Positive [_____] inches water gauge
Negative [_____] inches water gauge
Water Supply: Pressure: [_____] psig
Flow Rate: [_____] gpm
Water Analysis: [_____]
TABLE II. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
Type Collector: [_____]
Contaminated Stream: [_____]
Type of Fuel-Percent by weight as fired:
Volatile Matter: [_____]
Fixed Carbon: [_____]
Moisture: [_____]
Sulfur: [_____]
Ash: [_____]
J/kg (Btu/pound): [_____]
Fuel Firing Rate [[_____] kg per hour]
Collector Inlet Conditions:
Elevation: [_____] meters
Volume: [[_____] actual cubic meters per second]
[stoichiometric] [pitot]
Pressure: [[_____] Pa] gauge
Temperature: [[_____] degrees C]
Grain Loading: [[_____] mg per actual cubic meter]
[[_____] mg per standard cubic meter]
[[_____] nanograms per J]
Analysis of Particulates:
Specific Gravity: [_____]
Bulk Density: [[_____] kg per cubic meter]
Physical Properties: [_____]
Particle Size Percent by Weight
Distribution-Micrometers of Dust in Range
0-5 [_____]
5-10 [_____]
10-20 [_____]
20-30 [_____]
30-40 [_____]
+40 [_____]
Chemical Analysis
Collection Efficiency: [_____] percent
Maximum Outlet Emission: [[_____] mg per actual cubic meter]
[[_____] mg per standard cubic meter]
[[_____] nanograms per J]
Allowable Collector Pressure Drop: [[_____] Pa]
gauge Inlet
Flange to Outlet Flange:
Hopper Capacity: [[_____] cubic meters]
Collector Internal Pressure Relative to Atmosphere
Positive [[_____] Pa] gauge
Negative [[_____] Pa] gauge
TABLE II. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
Type Collector: [_____]
Contaminated Stream: [_____]
Type of Fuel-Percent by weight as fired:
Volatile Matter: [_____]
Fixed Carbon: [_____]
Moisture: [_____]
Sulfur: [_____]
Ash: [_____]
Btu/pound: [_____]
Fuel Firing Rate [_____] pounds per hour
Collector Inlet Conditions:
Elevation: [_____] feet
Volume: [_____] acfm [stoichiometric] [pitot]
Pressure: [_____] inches of water gauge
Temperature: [_____] degrees F
Grain Loading: [_____] [grains/acf] [grains/scf] [pounds/10
to the plus 6 Btu]
Analysis of Particulates:
Specific Gravity: [_____]
Bulk Density: [_____] pcf
Physical Properties: [_____]
Particle Size Percent by Weight
Distribution-Microns of Dust in Range
0-5 [_____]
5-10 [_____]
10-20 [_____]
20-30 [_____]
30-40 [_____]
+40 [_____]
Chemical Analysis
Collection Efficiency: [_____] percent
Maximum Outlet Emission: [_____] [grains/acf] [grains/scf] [pounds/10
to the plus 6 Btu]
Allowable Collector Pressure Drop: [_____] inches water gauge Inlet
Flange to Outlet Flange:
Hopper Capacity: [_____] cubic feet
Collector Internal Pressure Relative to Atmosphere
Positive [_____] inches water gauge
Negative [_____] inches water gauge
TABLE III. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
Maximum Outlet Emission: [[_____] mg per actual cubic meter]
[[_____] mg per standard cubic meter]
[[_____] nanograms per J]
Type Collector: [_____]
Contaminated Stream: [_____]
Type of Fuel-Percent by weight as fired:
Volatile Matter: [_____]
Fixed Carbon: [_____]
Moisture: [_____]
Sulfur: [_____]
Ash: [_____]
Fuel Firing Rate [[_____] kg per hour]
Collector Inlet Conditions:
Elevation: [_____] meters
Volume: [[_____] actual cubic meters per second]
[stoichiometric] [pitot]
Pressure: [[_____] Pa] gauge
Temperature: [[_____] degrees C]
Grain Loading: [[_____] mg per actual cubic meters]
[[_____] mg per standard cubic meters]
[[_____] nanograms per J]
Moisture: [_____] percent
Analysis of Particulates:
Specific Gravity: [_____] Bulk Density: [[_____] kg per cubic meter]
Physical Properties: [_____]
Particle Size Percent by Weight
Distribution-Micrometers of Dust in Range
0-5 [_____]
5-10 [_____]
10-20 [_____]
20-30 [_____]
30-40 [_____]
+40 [_____]
Chemical Analysis
Analysis of Gaseous Pollutants:
Sulfur Dioxide [_____] ppmv dry
Nitrous Oxide [_____] ppmv dry
Hydrocarbons [_____] ppmv dry
Moisture Content [_____] percent
Collection Efficiency: [_____] percent
Maximum Outlet Emissions: [[_____] mg per actual cubic meters]
[[_____] mg per standard cubic meters]
[[_____] nanograms per J]
Allowable Collector Pressure Drop: [[_____] Pa]
gauge Inlet
Flange to Outlet Flange:
Collector Internal Pressure Relative to Atmosphere
Positive [[_____] Pa] gauge
Negative [[_____] Pa] gauge
Water Supply:
Pressure: [[_____] kPa]
Flow Rate: [[_____] liters per second]
Water Analysis: [_____]
TABLE III. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
Maximum Outlet Emission: [_____] [grains/acf] [grains/scf] [pounds/10
to the Btu]
Type Collector: [_____]
Contaminated Stream: [_____]
Type of Fuel-Percent by weight as fired:
Volatile Matter: [_____]
Fixed Carbon: [_____]
Moisture: [_____]
Sulfur: [_____]
Ash: [_____]
Fuel Firing Rate [_____] pounds per hour
Collector Inlet Conditions:
Elevation: [_____] feet
Volume: [_____] acfm [stoichiometric] [pitot]
Pressure: [_____] inches of water gauge
Temperature: [_____] degrees F
Grain Loading: [_____] [grains/acf] [grains/scf] [pounds/10
to the plus 6 Btu]
Moisture: [_____] percent
Analysis of Particulates:
Specific Gravity: [_____]
Bulk Density: [_____] pcf
Physical Properties: [_____]
Particle Size Percent by Weight
Distribution-Microns of Dust in Range
0-5 [_____]
5-10 [_____]
10-20 [_____]
20-30 [_____]
30-40 [_____]
+40 [_____]
Chemical Analysis
Analysis of Gaseous Pollutants:
Sulfur Dioxide [_____] ppmv dry
Nitrous Oxide [_____] ppmv dry
Hydrocarbons [_____] ppmv dry
Moisture Content [_____] percent
Collection Efficiency: [_____] percent
Maximum Outlet Emissions: [_____] [grains/acf] [grains/scf] [pounds/10
to the plus 6 Btu]
Allowable Collector Pressure Drop: [_____] inches water gauge Inlet
Flange to Outlet Flange:
Collector Internal Pressure Relative to Atmosphere
Positive [_____] inches water gauge
Negative [_____] inches water gauge
Water Supply:
Pressure: [_____] psig
Flow Rate: [_____] gpm
Water Analysis: [_____]
TABLE IV. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
Type Collector: [_____]
Contaminated Stream: [_____]
Collector Inlet Conditions:
Volume: [[_____] actual cubic meter per second]
Pressure: [[_____] Pa] gauge
Temperature: [[_____] degrees C]
Relative Humidity: [_____] percent
Analysis of Gaseous Pollutants:
Sulfur Dioxide [_____] ppmv dry
Nitrous Oxide [_____] ppmv dry
Paint Solvents [_____] ppmv dry
Hydrocarbons [_____] ppmv (by species) dry
Moisture Content [_____] percent
Analysis of contaminants which must be filtered out upstream of carbon bed.
Allowable Emissions (by species).
TABLE IV. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT PERFORMANCE DATA
Type Collector: [_____]
Contaminated Stream: [_____]
Collector Inlet Conditions:
Volume: [_____] acfm
Pressure: [_____] inches of water gauge
Temperature: [_____] degrees F
Relative Humidity: [_____] percent
Analysis of Gaseous Pollutants:
Sulfur Dioxide [_____] ppmv dry
Nitrous Oxide [_____] ppmv dry
Paint Solvents [_____] ppmv dry
Hydrocarbons [_____] ppmv (by species) dry
Moisture Content [_____] percent
Analysis of contaminants which must be filtered out upstream of carbon bed.
Allowable Emissions (by species).
-- End of Section --