In Morocco, until recently, health was considered as a non-productive sector. Indeed, during the last four decades, the budget affected to health represented, on average, 1% of GDP each year and bad governance conducted to an ill-health system. Consequently, by the dawn of the third millennium, only 40% of births are attended by skilled health personnel, many women continue to die during childbirth and infant mortality rate remains relatively high Table 4). With an average of one doctor for 2100 inhabitants, Morocco compares badly with countries of equivalent level of development. Moreover, the partition is unfair since the numbers vary from one doctor for 840 inhabitants in one region to one doctor for 4600 in another region (Table 5). Inequities are also found between cities and rural areas, with nearly 30% of the rural population living at a distance of 10 km from any health facility. More generally, the global health expenditure is very low and mainly supported by households (60%), whereas 40% of all expenditure engaged by the health ministry goes to the richest 20% of the population [12]. Health insurance covers only 16% of the population and nearly exclusively in cities. This percentage is expected to increase to 32% of the population under the new law on Compulsory Health Insurance supposed to be applicable by 2006. According to the World Health Organisation and using the Health Adjusted Life Expectancy at birth (HALE) which excludes years of illness, the expectation of lost healthy years at birth is 11.9 years for women vs. 9.4 for men, which shadows the relative high rates of life expectancy [2] (Table 6). In 1999, the percentage of the population with sustainable access to affordable essential drugs was estimated to be between 50 and 79%. A more precise estimate was given by the national survey on living standards conducted by the statistical department of the planning ministry in 1998–99 concluding that more than 33% of the population is unable to afford necessary medical care. The inequity is more exacerbated in rural areas where this percentage reaches 44 % (Table 7). Inequities also exist for the free access to public structures since the richest are more likely to get free care than the poorest [11]. Households devote on average 6.5% of their budget to health care. This percentage becomes 9% for the poorest 20% whereas it represents 3.9% for the richest 20%. With 19% of the population living under the threshold of poverty and the consequences of a multi-dimensional transition, health care is becoming less and less affordable. For instance, the cost of care and treatment for an insulino-dependent diabetic person is estimated at USD120 per month [13]. This is nearly the monthly wages of a non-qualified manual worker, and this is not to mention the cost of treatment for other conditions like heart disease, kidney failure and cancer.