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Summary
ML2H2O is the EOS Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) standard product for water vapor derived from radiances measured primarily by the 190 GHz radiometer. The current ML2H2O product is version 2.2.

Spatial coverage is near-global (-82° to +82° latitude), with each profile spaced 1.5° or ~165 km along the orbit track (roughly 15 orbits per ... day). The recommended useful vertical range is between 316 and 0.002 hPa, and the vertical resolution is about 1.5 km at 316 hPa increasing to 3.5 km to 4.6 hPa, and degrades to 15 km above 0.1 hPa. Users of the ML2H2O data product should read section 3.7 of the EOS MLS Level 2 Version 2.2 Quality Document for more information (http://mls.jpl.nasa.gov/data/v2-2_data_quality_document.pdf).

Users are encouraged to register with the MLS science team at
http://mls.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/registration.pl to obtain updates and
information about this data product.

The ML2H2O data are stored in the version 5 EOS Hierarchical Data Format (HDF-EOS5), which is based on the version 5 Hierarchical Data Format, or HDF5. Each file contains two swath objects (one with profile data, the other with column data), each with a set of data and geolocation fields, swath attributes, and metadata. The data fields include the geophysical parameter values and precision (standard deviation), convergence values, data quality, and a status flag. The geolocation fields include a time stamp in TAI-93 format (seconds since January 1, 1993), geodetic latitude and longitude, and pressure level values, as well as local solar time, solar zenith angle, line of sight angle, and orbit geodetic angle. There is one file per day, and the average file size is about 1.2 Mbytes.

Geographic Coverage Spatial coordinates   

N: 90.0		S: -90.0		E: 180.0		W: -180.0
Min Altitude: 316 HPA Max Altitude: 0.002 HPA

Data Set Citation

Dataset Creator: EOS MLS Science Team Dataset Title: MLS/Aura L2 Water Vapor (H2O) Mixing Ratio Version: 002 Online Resource: http://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aura/MLS/

Temporal Coverage

Start Date: 2004-08-08

Location Keywords

GEOGRAPHIC REGION > GLOBAL VERTICAL LOCATION > STRATOSPHERE VERTICAL LOCATION > TROPOSPHERE GEOGRAPHIC REGION > ARCTIC GEOGRAPHIC REGION > POLAR

Data Resolution

Horizontal Resolution Range: 250 km - < 500 km or approximately 2.5 degrees - < 5.0 degrees Vertical Resolution: 3 Km Temporal Resolution: 1 Day

Science Keywords

ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR > WATER VAPOR ATMOSPHERE > ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR > HUMIDITY

ISO Topic Category

CLIMATOLOGY/METEOROLOGY/ATMOSPHERE

Platform

AURA > Aura

Instrument

MLS > Microwave Limb Sounder

Project

AURA > Earth Observing System (EOS), AURA EOSDIS > Earth Observing System Data Information System ESIP > Earth Science Information Partners Program

Use Constraints
Users are encouraged to register with the MLS science team at http://mls.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/registration.pl to obtain updates and information about this data product.

Ancillary Keywords

H2O EOSDIS

Data Set Progress

IN WORK

Data Center

Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center (formerly Goddard DAAC), Global Change Data Center, Earth Sciences Division, Science and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA Data Center URL: http://disc.gsfc.nasa.gov/ Data Center Personnel Name: GES DISC HELP DESK SUPPORT GROUP Phone: 301-614-5224 Fax: 301-614-5268 Email: help-disc at listserv.gsfc.nasa.gov Contact Address: Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center Code 610.2 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center City: Greenbelt Province or State: MD Postal Code: 20771 Country: USA

Distribution

Distribution Media: Online (FTP) Distribution Size: 1.2 MB per file Distribution Format: HDF-EOS5 (Swath) Fees: Free

Personnel

MLS SCIENCE TEAM Role: TECHNICAL CONTACT Phone: 818-354-6716 Email: data at mls.jpl.nasa.gov Contact Address: Mail Stop 183-701, Jet Propulsion Laboratory 4800 Oak Grove Drive City: Pasadena Province or State: CA Postal Code: 91109-8099 Country: USA NATHANIEL J. LIVESEY Role: INVESTIGATOR Phone: 818-354-4214 Email: livesey at mls.jpl.nasa.gov Contact Address: Mail Stop 183-701, Jet Propulsion Laboratory 4800 Oak Grove Drive City: Pasadena Province or State: CA Postal Code: 91109-8099 Country: USA JAMES E. JOHNSON Role: DIF AUTHOR Phone: 301-614-5121 Email: James.E.Johnson-1 at nasa.gov Contact Address: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Code 610.2 City: Greenbelt Province or State: MD Postal Code: 20771 Country: USA

Related URL

Link: GET DATA > WHOM Description: Access the data through the GES-DISC WHOM data search and download system. Link: GET DATA > MIRADOR Description: Access the data through the GES-DISC Mirador fast data search and download system. Link: GET DATA > GIOVANNI Description: AURA MLS Online Visualization and Analysis tool (Giovanni). Link: GET DATA > WIST Description: Refine your granule search using the Warehouse Inventory Search Tool (WIST) using information from this record. Link: GET RELATED SERVICE METADATA (SERF) Description: Access metadata describing the Giovanni tool. Link: VIEW PROJECT HOME PAGE Description: The MLS home page at NASA JPL. Link: VIEW RELATED INFORMATION > USER'S GUIDE Description: README document Link: VIEW RELATED INFORMATION Description: Data product information page at NASA GES-DISC.

Publications/References
* Cofield, R.E., and P.C.Stek, "Design and field-of-view calibration of 114-660 GHz optics of the Earth Observing System Microwave Limb Sounder," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing 44, no. 5, 1166-1181, May 2006.

* Froidevaux, L., et al., "Early validation analyses of atmospheric ... profiles from EOS MLS on the Aura satellite," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing 44, no. 5, 1106-1121, May 2006.

* Garrett, T.J., C.Liu, J. Dean-Day, B.K. Barnett, G. Mace, D.G. Baumgardner, C.R. Webster, T.P. Bui, W.G. Read, "A redistribution of water due to pileus cloud near the tropopause," Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discussion 5, no. 5, 8209-8232, 2006.

* Fu, R., Y. Hu, J.S. Wright, J.H. Jiang, R.E. Dickinson, M Chen, M. Filipiak, W.G. Read, J.W. Waters, D.L. Wu, "Short circuit of water vapor and polluted air to the global stratosphere by convective transport over the Tibetan Plateau," Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.103, no. 15, 5664-5669, 11 April 2006.

* Garrett, T.J., J. Dean-Day, C. Liu, B.K. Barnett, G. Mace, D.G. Baumbardner, C.R. Webster, T.P. Bui, W.G. Read, P. Minnis, "Convective formation of pileus cloud near the tropopause," Atmos. Chem. Phys. 6, no. 5, 1185-1200, 2006.

* Jimenez, C.J., H.C. Pumphrey, I.A. MacKenzie, G.L. Manney, M.L. Santee, M.J. Schwartz, R.S. Harwood, J.W. Waters, "EOS MLS observations of dehydration in the 2004-2005 polar winters," Geophys. Res. Lett., in press.

* Manney, G.L., N.J. Livesey, C.J. Jimenez, H.C. Pumphrey, M.L. Santee, I.A. MacKenzie, J.W. Waters, "EOS Microwave Limb Sounder Observations of "frozen-in" anticyclone air in Arctic summer," Geophys. Res. Lett.33, no. 6 L06810, doi:10.1029/2005GL025418, 28 March 2006.

* Su, H., W.G. Read, J.H. Jiang, J.W. Waters, D.L. Wu, E.J. Fetzer, "Enhanced positive water vapor feedback associated with tropical deep convection: New evidence from Aura MLS," Geophys. Res. Lett. 33, L05709, doi:10.1029/2005GL025505, 2006.

* Garrett, T.J., C, Liu, J. Dean-Day, B.K. Barnett, G. Mace, D.G. Baumgardner, C.R. Webster, T.P. Bui, W.G. Read, "A redistribution of water due to pileus cloud near the tropopause," Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discussion 5, no. 5, 8209-8232, 2005.

* Manney, G.L., M.L. Santee, N.J. Livesey, L. Froidevaux, W.G. Read, H.C. Pumphrey, J.W. Waters, S. Pawson "EOS Microwave Limb Sounder Observations of the Antarctic Polar Vortex Breakup in 2004" Geophys. Res. Lett. 32, L12811,doi:10.1029/2005GL022823, 28 Jun 2005.

* Santee, M.L, G.L. Manney, N.J. Livesey, L. Froidevaux, H.C. Pumphrey, W.G. Read, M.J. Schwartz, J.W. Waters, "Polar processing and development of the 2004 Antarctic ozone hole: First results from Aura MLS" Geophys. Res. Lett. 32, L12817, doi:1029/2005GL022582, 28 Jun 2005.

* Waugh, D.W., "Impact of potential vorticity intrusions on subtropical upper tropospheric humidity," J.Geophys. Res. 110, D11, D11305, doi:10.1029/2004JD005664, 16 Jun 2005.

* Wu, D.L., J.H. Jiang, "Interannual and Seasonal Variations of Diurnal Tide, Gravity Wave, Ozone, and Water Vapor as Observed by MLS during 1991-1994," Adv. Space. Res. 35, no. 11, pp 1999-2004, 2005.

* Wu, D.L., W.G. Read, A.E. Dessler, S.C. Sherwood, J.H.Jiang,"UARS MLS Cloud Ice Measurements and Implications for H2O Transport near the Tropopause," J. Atmos. Sci. 62 (2), 518-530, February 2005.

* Dessler, A.E.,S.C. Sherwood, "Effect of convection on the summertime extratropical lower stratosphere," J. Geophys. Res. 109, D23301, doi:10.1029/2004JD005209, 2004.

* Eguchi, N., and M. Shiotani, "Intraseasonal variations of water vapor and cirrus clouds in the tropical upper troposphere," J. Geophys. Res. 109, No. D12, D12106, doi:10.1029/2003JD004314, 2004.

* Jiang, J.H, B. Wang, K. Goya, K. Hocke, S.D. Eckerman, J. Ma, D.L. Wu, W.G. Read, "Geographical Distribution and Inter-Seasonal Variability of Tropical Deep Convection: UARS MLS Observations and Analyses," J. Geophys. Res. 109, D3, D03111, 10.1029/2003JD003756,2004.

* Minschwaner, K., A.E. Dessler, "Water Vapor Feedback in the Tropical Upper Troposphere: Model Results and Observations," J. Climate 17, 1272-1282, 2004.

* Read, W.G., D.L. Wu, J.W. Waters, H.C. Pumphrey,"A New 147-56 hPa Water Vapor Product from the UARS Microwave Limb Sounder," J. Geophy. Res. 109, No. D6, D06111, doi:10.1029/2003_JD004366, 2004.

* Read, W.G., D.L. Wu, J.W. Waters, H.C. Pumphrey,"Dehydration in the Tropical Tropopause Layer: Implications from UARS MLS," J. Geophy. Res. 109, No. D6, D06110, doi:10.1029/2003_JD004056, 2004.

* Clark, H.L., R.S. Harwood, "Upper-Tropospheric Humidity from MLS and ECMWF Reanalysis," Monthly Weather Review 131, No. 3, 542-555, 2003.

* Clark, H.L., R.S. Harwood, A. Billingham, H.C. Pumphrey, "Cirrus and water vapor in the tropical tropopause layer observed by the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite," J. Geophys. Res. 108, (D24), 4751, 10.1029/2003JD003748, December 2003.

* Limpasuvan, V., D.L. Wu, "Two-day wave observations of UARS Microwave Limb Sounder mesospheric water vapor and temperature," J. Geophys. Res. 108 , (D10), 4307, doi:10.1029/2002JD002903, 2003.

* Livesey, N.J., W.G. Read, L. Froidevaux, J.W. Waters, H.C. Pumphrey, D.L. Wu, M.L. Santee, Z. Shippony, R.F. Jarnot, "The UARS Microwave Limb Sounder version 5 dataset: Theory, characterization and validation," J. Geophys. Res. 108, (D13) 4378, doi:10.1029/2002JD002273, 2003.

* Salby, M., F. Sassi, P. Callaghan, W. Read, H. Pumphrey, "Fluctuations of Cloud, Humidity, and Thermal Structure near the Tropical Tropopause," J. Climate, Vol. 16, No. 21, pages 3428-3446, 1 Nov. 2003

* Folkins, I., K.K. Kelly, E.M. Weinstock, "A simple explanation for the increase in relative humidity between 11 and 14 km in the tropics," J. Geophys. Res. 107,, D23, 4736, doi:101.1029/2002JD002185, 2002.

* Kley, D., Russell, J.M. III, Phillips, C., "SPARC assessment of upper tropospheric and stratospheric water vapour," SPARC Report No. 2 , WMO/ICSU/IOC WCRP-113, 2002.

* Michelsen, H.A., G.L. Manney, F.W. Irion, G.C. Toon, M.R. Gunson, C.P. Rinsland, R. Zander, E. Mahieu, M.J. Newchurch, P.N. Purcell, E.E. Remsberg, J.M. Russell III, H.C. Pumphrey, J.W. Waters, R.M. Bevilacqua, K.K. Kelly, E.J. Hintsa, E.M. Weinstock, E.-W. Chiou, W.P. Chu, M.P. McCormick, C.R. Webster, "ATMOS Version 3 water vapor measurements: Comparisons with observations from two ER-2 Lyman-alpha hygrometers, MkIV, HALOE, SAGE II, MAS, and MLS," J. Geophys. Res. 107, No. D3, 10.1029/2001JD000587, 2002.

* Offerman, D., B. Schaeler, M.Riese, M. Langfermann, M. Jarisch, G. Eidmann, C. Schiller, H.G.J. Smit, W.G. Read, "Water vapor at the tropopause during the CRISTA 2 mission," J. Geophys. Res. 107, No. D23, 8176, doi:10.1029/2001JD000700, 2002.

* Sassi, F., M. Salby, H.C. Pumphrey, W.G. Read,"Influence of the Madden-Julian Oscillation on upper tropospheric humidity," J. Geophys. Res. 107, No. D23, 4681, doi:10.1029/2001JD001331, 2002.

* Spichtinger, P., K. Gierens, W. Read, "The statistical distribution law of relative humidity in the global tropopause region," Meteorol. Z. 11, 83-88, 2002. doi: 10.1127/0941-2948/2002/0011-0083

* Clark, H.L. A., Billingham, R.S. Harwood, H.C. Pumphrey, "Water vapour in the tropical lower stratosphere during the driest phase of the atmospheric `tape recorder'," J. Geophys. Res. 106, 22,695-22,705, 16 Oct 2001.

* Gettleman, A., W.J. Randel, S. Massie, F.Wu, W.G. Read, J.M. Russell III, "El-Nino as a natural experiment for studying the Tropical Tropause Region," J. Climate 14, 3375-3355, 2001.

* Pawson, S., L. Takacs, A. Molod, S. Nebuda, R. Rood, M. Chen, R. Rood, W. Read, M. Fiorino, "The Tropical Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere in the GEOS-2 GCM," Adv. Space Res. 27, 1457-1465, 2001.

* Read, W.G, J.W. Waters, D.L. Wu, E.M. Stone, Z. Shippony, A.C. Smedley, C.C. Smallcomb, S. Oltmans, D. Kley, H.G.J. Smit, J.L. Mergenthaler, M.K. Karki, "UARS Microwave Limb Sounder Upper Tropospheric Humidity Measurement: Method and Validation," J. Geophys. Res. 106, 32,207-32,258, 2001.

* Sassi, F., M. Salby, W.G. Read, "Relationship between upper tropospheric humidity and deep convection," J. Geophys. Res. 106, 17,133-17,146, 2001.

* Stone, E.M., A. Tabazadeh, E. Jensen, H.C. Pumphrey, M.L. Santee, J.L. Mergenthaler, "The onset, extent and duration of dehydration in the Southern Hemisphere polar vortex," J. Geophys. Res. 106, 22,979-22,989, 16 Oct 2001.

* Dessler, A.E., and S.C. Sherwood, "Simulations of tropical upper tropospheric humidity," J. Geophys. Res. 105, 20,155-20,163, 2000.

* Gettleman, A., J.R. Holton, A.R. Douglass, "Simulations of water vapor in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere," J. Geophys. Res. 105, 9003-9023, 2000.

* Kley, D., J.M. Russel III, C. Phillips (editors), "SPARC Assessment of Upper Tropospheric and Stratospheric Water Vapor," Stratospheric Processes and Their Role in Climate (SPARC) Report No. 2, (H.C. Pumphrey, W.G. Read and J.W. Waters from the MLS team are co-authors on this.), 2000.

* McCormack, J.P., R.Fu, W.G.Read, "The influence of convective outflow on water vapor mixing ratios in the tropical upper troposphere: An analyses based on UARS MLS measurements," Geophys. Res. Lett. 27, 525-528, 2000.

* Morris, G.A., J.F. Gleason, J. Ziemke, M.R. Schoeberl, "Trajectory Mapping: A tool for validation of trace gas observations," J. Geophys. Res. 105, 17,875-17,894, 2000.

* Mote, P.W., H.L. Clark, T.J. Dunkerton, R.S. Harwood, H.C. Pumphrey, "Intraseasonal Variations of Water Vapor in the Tropical Upper Troposphere and Tropopause Region," J. Geophys. Res. 105, 17,457-17,470, 2000.

* Pan, L.L., E.J. Hintsa, E.M. Stone, E.M. Weinstock, W.J. Randel, "The seasonal cycle of water vapor and saturation mixing ratio in the extratropical lowermost stratosphere," J. Geophys. Res. 105, 26,519-26,530, 2000.

* Pumphrey, H.C., H.L. Clark, R.S. Harwood, "Lower stratospheric water vapor measured by UARS MLS," Geophys. Res. Lett. 27, 1691-1694, 2000.

* Sandor, B.J., E.J. Jensen, E.M. Stone, W.G. Read, J.W. Waters, J.L. Mergenthaler,"Upper Tropospheric Humidity and Thin Cirrus," Geophys. Res. Lett. 27, 2645-2648, 2000.

* Stone, E.M., L. Pan, B.J. Sandor, W.G. Read, J.W. Waters, "Spatial distributions of upper tropospheric water vapor measurements from the UARS Microwave Limb Sounder," J. Geophys. Res. 105, 12149-12161, 2000.

* Zhu, Y., R.E. Newell, W.G. Read, "Factors controlling upper tropospheric water vapor,"Journal of Climate 13, 836-848, 2000.

Creation and Review Dates

DIF Creation Date: 2005-07-24 Last DIF Revision Date: 2009-01-21

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