USER'S GUIDE This User's Guide is designed to help you understand what Pine can do for you. Each of Pine's functions has its own page; each page describes what features and commands are available to you. Any commands which are not self-explanatory are expained. Prepared by the Pine Development Team at the University of Washington. Pine Screens/Modes * Message Text (Viewing a Message) * Compose Message * Folder Index * Folder List * Address Book * Setup _________________________________________________________________ Pine Commands * Commands for Message Handling + Export and Save + Take Address + Reply and Forward + Bounce (Remail) + View/Save Attachment + Flag as Important + Select Message + Apply and Zoom * Commands for Message Composition + Justify + Cut and Paste + Read-in File + Attach File + Postponing a Message + Spelling + Rich Headers * Other Commands + Whereis + Full Headers + Sorting a Folder + Expunge/Exclude + Next Interesting Message + Jump to a Message + Goto Folder _________________________________________________________________ Information Pages * Pine and Alternate Character Sets * Syntax for IMAP Folders and Collections MESSAGE TEXT SCREEN --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | PINE 3.90 MESSAGE TEXT Folder: INBOX Message 3 of 4 ALL | | | | Date: Fri, 13 May 1994 17:51:17 -1000 | | From: Ross Armstrong | | To: John Smith | | Cc: faculty@elsewhere.edu | | Subject: Re: Question | | | | Hi, We are about to migrate our students to Pine -- they'll be using | | the email package to get at class assignments and reference materials | | and even hand in their papers. I know you did this move last year | | with the class you TA, any words of advice? | | | | -Ross | | | | | | | |? Help M Main Menu P PrevMsg - PrevPage D Delete R Reply | |O OTHER CMDS V [ViewAttch] N NextMsg Spc NextPage U Undelete F Forward | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- The message text screen shows you the text of the message along with its header. If a message has attachments, those will be listed (but not displayed) also. The top bar displays information about the currently open message, folder and collection. You see the name of the collection (if there is one) in angle brackets, then the name of the folder, then the message number and finally the position within the current message (in percent). If the message is marked for deletion "DEL" will appear in the upper right as well. As with every Pine screen, the bottom two lines show you the commands available. Message Text Commands _Navigating the Folder Index_: Previous Message (P), Next Message (N), Jump Directly to Message (J), Next Interesting Message (TAB) _Operations on the Current Message_: Print (Y), Reply (R), Forward (F), Bounce (B), Mark for Deletion (D), Undelete (U), Take into Address Book (T), Save into a Folder (S), Export as a Plain Text File (E), Change Flags (*), Pipe to UNIX Command (|) _Navigating Within the Current Message_: Previous screen (MINUS), Next Screen (SPACE), Where Is / Search for Word in Message (W), View/Save Attachment (V) _Global Pine Commands_: These commands are active in this and most other Pine screens: Main Menu (M), Show Other Commands (O), Compose a New Message (C), Show Folder Index (I), Show Folder List (L), Goto Folder (G), Help (?), Quit (Q) COMPOSE MESSAGE SCREEN -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | PINE 3.90 COMPOSE MESSAGE Folder: INBOX 4 Messages | | | | To : | | Cc : | | Attchmnt: | | Subject : | | ----- Message Text ----- | | | | | | *** John Smith ****************** | | *** Department of Art, Somewhere University *** | | *** jsmith@art.somewhere.edu ****************** | | | | | | | | | |^G Get Help ^C Cancel ^R Read File ^Y Prev Pg ^K Cut Text ^O Postpone| |^X Send ^J Justify ^_ Alt Edit ^V Next Pg ^U UnCut Text ^T To Spell| -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Compose Message Commands _Moving the Cursor:_ On most systems your arrows keys will move the cursor around the screen as expected. In addition, these movement keys are always available in the composer: Back Single Character (Ctrl-B), Forward Single Character (Ctrl-F), Up Single Line (Ctrl-P), Down Single Line (Ctrl-N), Beginning of Current Line (Ctrl-A), End of Current Line (Ctrl-E), Up One Screen (Ctrl-P), Down One Screen (Ctrl-V), Next Word (Ctrl-SPACE) _Editing the Text_: Delete Current Character (Ctrl-D), Delete Previous Character (Ctrl-H), Set a Mark (Ctrl-^), Cut Current Block or Line (Ctrl-K), Justify Paragraph (Ctrl-J), and Paste Deleted Lines (Ctrl-U), Unjustify paragraph (Ctrl-U) _General Commands_: Where Is / Search for Word in Message (Ctrl-W), Help (Ctrl-G), Suspend (Ctrl-Z), Use Alternate Editor (Ctrl-_), Redraw Screen (Ctrl-L), Read File (Ctrl-R), Spell Check (Ctrl-T) _Message Action Commands_: Send (Ctrl-X), Postpone (Ctrl-O) Cancel (Ctrl-C). The following commands are configurable and may or may not be active in your Pine session: Suspend, Use Alternate Editor The following commands are not available in PC-Pine: Spell Check, Suspend, Use Alternate Editor Note: even though Pine does not use Ctrl-S or Ctrl-Q (sometimes known as XOFF and XON), the system you are using may intercept those characters. If you accidentally hit a Ctrl-S and your keyboard mysteriously freezes up, try typing a Ctrl-Q and see if that puts things right. Control Keys in the Header When the cursor is in the header part of the message, some of the control commands have special meaning. You will see this difference reflected in the menu displayed at the bottom of your Pine compose screen. When in the header, the following keys have these meanings: * Ctrl-J: Attach file * Ctrl-R: Rich Header * Ctrl-T: To Address Book or Files The following commands are not active in the header: Whereis (Ctrl-W), Alternate Editor (Ctrl-_), and Set Mark (Ctrl-^). Double Use of Ctrl-U You may notice in the above list that the Ctrl-U key sequence is used for two different things in the midst of composing a message. Its normal meaning is "Paste". That is, it will paste in the line or lines that you last cut with the Ctrl-K. However, immediately following a paragraph justification (Ctrl-J), the Ctrl-U key temporarilly changes into "Unjustify". If the paragraph justification went bad (changed some tabs, justified many paragraphs into one, etc.) you'll see it right away and be able to unjustify. After a few keystrokes, Ctrl-U reverts back to "Paste". It sounds confusing, but you probably won't have a problem with it once you try it. FOLDER INDEX SCREEN --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | PINE 3.90 FOLDER INDEX Folder: INBOX Message 3 of 4 NEW | | | |+A 1 May 13 Matthew Messinger (4,804) Bulletin Boards | | D 2 May 16 Laura Gilmore (1,675) Re: Whois Server Down? | |+ N 3 May 17 Ross Armstrong (1,822) Re: phone numbers | | N 4 May 17 Steve Ericson (1,739) E-mail to Panix | | | | | | | | ? Help M Main Menu P PrevMsg - PrevPage D Delete R Reply | | O OTHER CMDS V [ViewMsg] N NextMsg Spc NextPage U Undelete F Forward| --------------------------------------------------------------------------- The folder index screen shows you an index of all the messages in the folder. The very top bar shows information about the folder: what the name of the folder is and how many messages it has. Each message gets one line on the index screen. That line contains: * Message Status: The following codes give you information about the current status of the message. + -- The message was sent directly to you (not a cc: or email list). A -- The message has been answered. D -- The message is marked for deletion. N -- The message is new and unread. X -- The message is selected (for aggregate operations). * -- The message has been flagged as important. Message Number Date Sent Sender Message Size: The number in parenthesis is the size of the message counted by number of characters. Subject: As much of the subject as will fit on the screen. As with every Pine screen, the bottom two lines show you the commands available. Folder Index Commands _Navigating the List of Messages_: Previous Message (P), Next Message (N), Previous Screen (MINUS), Next Screen (SPACE), Jump directly to Message Number (J), Where Is / Search for Word in Index (W), Next Interesting Message (N) _Operations of the Current Message_: View the Message (V or ENTER), Print (Y), Reply (R), Forward (F), Mark for Deletion (D), Undelete (U), Take Into Address Book (T), Save into a Folder (S), Export as a Plain Text File (E), Bounce (B), Change Flags (*), Pipe to a UNIX Command (|) _Other Folder Index Commands_: Sort the Index ($), Expunge the Folder (X), Toggle Headers Mode (H), Select (;), Apply (A), Zoom (Z) _Global Pine Commands_: These commands are active in this and most other Pine screens: Main Menu (M), Show Other Commands (O), Sompose a New Message (C), Show Folder List (L), Goto Folder (G), Help (?) and Quit (Q) The following commands are configurable and may or may not be active in your Pine session: Toggle Header Mode, Select, Apply, Change Flags, Zoom, Bounce, Pipe to UNIX FOLDER LIST SCREEN Pine's Folder List screen is designed to give you easy access to all your email folders. When you first start Pine, it is likely that you will only have a few folders, all on the same host. In that case, your folder list screen looks something like this: --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | PINE 3.90 FOLDER LIST Folder: INBOX 4 Messages | | | | INBOX sent-mail saved-messages | | Art151 exhibit internet | | research | | | | | | | | | | ? Help M Main Menu P PrevFldr - PrevPage D Delete R Rename | | O OTHER CMDS V [ViewFldr] N NextFldr Spc NextPage A Add | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- That model of all the folders in one place lined in a row doesn't scale well. For people who use multiple folders on multiple hosts for multiple purposes, the folder list might look more complicated. For example, this is the folder list screen for a user who has multiple inboxes (due to filtering by an external system), a local collection, a remote collection for a specific project and also a news collection. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | PINE 3.90 FOLDER LIST Folder: INBOX 4 Messages | | | |-------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Incoming Message Folders | |-------------------------------------------------------------------------| | | | INBOX Art151 Art-L Old-Student-Acct | | | |-------------------------------------------------------------------------| |Folder-collection ** Default for Saves ** (Local)| |-------------------------------------------------------------------------| | | | [ Select Here to See Expanded List ] | | | |-------------------------------------------------------------------------| |Folder-collection (Remote)| |-------------------------------------------------------------------------| | | | [ Select Here to See Expanded List ] | | | | | |-------------------------------------------------------------------------| |News-collection (Remote)| |-------------------------------------------------------------------------| | | | [ Select Here to See Expanded List ] | | | | ? Help M Main Menu P PrevFldr - PrevPage D Delete R Rename | | O OTHER CMDS V [ViewFldr] N NextFldr Spc NextPage A Add | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- The top line offers information about the current collection and folder. The bottom lines display commands available. Folder List Commands _Navigating the Folder List Screen_: Previous Folder (P), Next Folder (N), Previous Screen (MINUS), Next Screen (SPACE), Where Is / Search for Word in Folder Names _Operations on the Newly Selected Folder_: View (V), Delete (D), rename (R) _Folder List Commands_: Show Index of the Previously Active Folder (I), Print Folder Listing (Y), Add New Folder (A) _News-Specific Commands:_ Subscribe (A), Unsubscribe (D) _Global Pine Commands_: These commands are active in this and most other Pine screens: Main Menu (M), Show Other Commands (O), Compose New Message (C), Goto Folder (G), Help (?), Quit (Q) Search for a Word in a Folder Name The WhereIs (W) command searches through the folder names in the currently active collection and all other collections which are expanded. View Folder and Folder Index If you got to the Folder List screen by using the "L" command, then you have a few different options for manipulating your folders and selecting a folder. The two options "View Folder" (V) and "Folder Index" (I) are similar in function (they both get you to a FOLDER INDEX screen) but operate on different folders. "Folder Index" is something of an escape option -- Pine keeps the same current folder as it had before you saw this folder list and simply displays that current folder. "View Folder" is more of an "open and view" thing -- it makes the currently highlighted folder into the current folder, closes the previous folder and then displays the index of the new folder. Folder List: 3 Modes There are three different ways in which you can get to the folder list. The standard method is to just press "L" -- the Folder List command. You can also arrive at your folder listing when going to a folder (G, Ctrl-T) or when saving a message to a folder (S, Ctrl-T). When you get to folder list in one of these alternate ways, all the folder manipulation commands are inoperative -- the only things you can do are navigate to a folder and select it for the task at hand. The save and goto cases both provide a means to exit this screen (press E). _Note_: This page has information about the Folder List screen and its commands. To understand how folders and collections work in action, see the informational page about folders and collections. Also see the special instruction pages about Usenet News and Remote Operations. ADDRESS BOOK SCREEN --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | PINE 3.90 ADDRESS BOOK Folder: INBOX Message 3 of 4 NEW | | | | Ross Armstrong, Ross rossa@elsewhere.edu | | pine-help Nowhere U Help Desk help@art.nowhere.edu | | | | art151 Art 151 TAs DISTRIBUTION LIST: | | sbe@art.nowhere.edu | | mmm@art.nowhere.edu | | gilmore@art.nowhere.edu | | | | | | | | ? Help M MainMenu P PrevField - PrevPage D Delete S CreateList| | O OTHER CMDS E [Edit] N NextField Spc NextPage A Add Z AddToList | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- The addressbook screen shows you all the currently existing addressbook entries -- both simple entries and list entries. If your system has a global address book, then you will be able to see it, but you won't be able to change its entires. The address book screen columns reflect the three parts of an address book entry -- a short nickname (the part you type in), a real name (the part Pine shows on the message), and address. A simple entry has only one address. A distribution list has two or more entries and is always marked "DISTRIBUTION LIST" on the screen. Address Book Commands _Navigating the Address Book_: Previous Entry (P), Next Entry (N), Previous Screen (MINUS), Next Page (SPACE), Where Is / Search for Word in Address Book (W) _Address Book Operations_: Edit (E), Delete (D), Add Simple Entry (A), Create List (S), Add to List (Z) _Global Pine Commands_: Help (?), Show Other Commands (O), Main Menu (M), Compose Message to Selected Address (C), Show Folder List Screen (L), Goto Folder (G), Show Folder Index (I), Print (Y), Quit (Q). Compose From Address Book When you are looking at the address book and press "C" to compose a message, Pine not only brings up the composer, but also inserts the current address book entry as the recipient of the message. You can delete the name, but you cannot override this feature. Address Book from Compose The normal way to get to the address book is to press "A" for address book from Pine's main menu. You may, however, browse the address book by pressing the to-addressbook (Ctrl-T) combination with the cursor in the To: or Cc: fields of a message you are composing. In this situation, the only commands available are those which help you select an entry for the particular message. You cannot add to or modify the address book in this mode. Deleting and distribution lists When the cursor is positioned on the name of a distribution list, pressing "D" tells Pine to remove the entire list. If the cursor is positioned on a single address within the list, then "D" only removes that address from the list. Lists in the Address Book Pine allows you to create list entries in the address book. These entries usually contain two or more addresses, all linked to the same nickname. You can use an address book list entry to manage a small distribution list. When sending out a message, you just enter the nickname and Pine types out all the addresses on the list in a format ready for sending out. Editing an Entry: There's More there than Meets the Eye Even though you can't see them on your screen, the address book contains optional fields to specify an Fcc and Comment for each address book entry. The comment is just for your information and was added into Pine 3.90 due to popular demand. The Fcc field is used to specify a special folder carbon copy that should be used for all outgoing email addressed to the person/list shown in the address book entry. SETUP AND CONFIGURATION SCREENS Pine gives you a whole section, "Setup" from the main menu, which takes care of all your configuration and setup needs. Simple Setup Options Some of the choices are simply explained: * _NewPassword (N)_ is a feature designed to let Unix Pine users change their password on the system. You will have to type in the old password and confirm the new one. * _Update (U)_ is a feature designed for PC-Pine users. It connects you to the PC-Pine update server which holds a copy of the current version of PC-Pine. With the update feature, you can check to make sure your version of PC-Pine is the most current and (if it is not) download the new version. Some or all of the above options may be disabled on your system if they are inapplicable in your environment or cannot be implemented on your system. Printer Configuration Unix Pine users will find a "printer" configuration choice gives you an interface to control the way documents should be printed. You can choose to print: 1. On an attached-to-ansi printer 2. With the generic system print command (set by your system manager) 3. With a special command (set by you) Pine will remember your special print command and also your printer selection from session to session. These values are written to your personal pine configuration file. Configuration Menu The configuration options menu (Main/Setup/Config) is the way in which Pine lets you determine how you want it to behave. The interactive interface looks like this: --------------------------------------------------------------------------- | PINE 3.90 CONFIGURATION MENU Folder: INBOX 4 Messages | | | | personal-name = John Smith | | user-domain = art.nowhere.edu | | smtp-server = picasso.art.nowhere.edu | | nntp-server = news.nowhere.edu | | inbox-path = {wharhol.art.nowhere.edu}INBOX | | folder-collections = Saved-Email {wharhol.art}mail/[] | | exhibit exhibit-email/[] | | news-collections = | | default-fcc = | | postponed-folder = | | read-message-folder = | | signature-file = | | global-address-book = | | address-book = | | feature-list = | | Set Feature Name | | --- ---------------------- | | [X] enable-full-header-cmd | | [X] enable-unix-pipe-cmd | | | | ? Help E Exit Config P Prev - PrevPage A Add Value | | C [Change Val] N Next Spc NextPage D Delete Val W WhereIs | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- The configuration interface allows you to modify personal setting without leaving Pine. Some changes made this way will only take effect after closing and then restarting Pine. The sample screen image above only shows you the first page. In fact, there are over 70 different options you can set and the configuration interface spills onto multiple pages. The keys A, D, C, and X (Add, Delete, Change, and Set/Unset) are those you use to change your configuration. COMMANDS FOR MESSAGE HANDLING Most message handling is done in the MESSAGE TEXT and FOLDER INDEX screens, so that is where most of the following commands are active. Export and Save Commands Export (E) and Save (S) are the two alternatives Pine gives you to keep a copy of the message you are reading. If you want to keep the message within Pine's email world, use "save"; if you want to use the message in another program, use "export". Pine may use a special format for its mail folders -- never edit a Pine folder by hand or with any program other than Pine. When you save a message, it is put into an existing folder or into a new folder in one of your existing folder collections. The message stays in email format and can be read by Pine again. The exact behavior of the save command can be configured with the save-will-quote-leading-froms, save-will-not-delete, and save-will-advance feature list settings. When you use export, the file is placed in your home directory or current working directory (see the use-current-dir configuration setting). The Export command reacts to the full header mode toggle. If the full header mode is on, then all the header and delivery lines are included with the text of the message in your exported copy of the message. Take Address Command With the Take Address command, you can extract email addresses from an incoming message and save them in your address book. This is an easy way to keep up an address book and avoid having to remember the email addresses of the people who write to you. If the message is just to you individually, then you will only need to provide a nickname. If the message is more complicated (with more than one recipient or an email list involved), then you will see an address selection screen which lets you choose the address you want to save into your address book, or add several of them to a personal address list. For more information about use of the address book, see the section about the address book from the Pine tutorial. Reply and Forward Commands Replying (R) and Forwarding (F) are your two options for following up on the message you are reading. You would use reply if you want to get email back to the author of the message and/or the other people who have already seen it. You use forward if you want somebody new to see the message. In the normal case, the only thing that you must supply when forwarding a message is the name/email address of the new recipient. Pine will include the text of the forwarded message. Pine will also include any attachments to the message if you have requested them. There is space above the forwarded text for you to include any comments. When replying, you usually have to answer some questions. If the message is to multiple people and/or specified with a Reply-to: header, then you will have to decide who should get the reply. You also need to decide whether or not to include the previous message in your reply. Some of this is configurable. Specifically, see the include-header-in-reply and include-text-in-reply configuration features. Both the Reply and Forward commands react to the full header mode toggle. If the full header mode is on, then all the header and delivery lines are included with the text of the message in your reply/forward. Bounce Command The bounce (B) command allows you to re-send, or "remail", a message, as if you were never in the loop. It is analogous to crossing out your address on a postal letter, writing a different address on the envelope, and putting it into the mailbox. Bounce is used primarily to redirect email which was sent to you in error. Also, some owners of email lists need the bounce command to handle list traffic. The presence or absence of the Bounce command is determined by the "enable-bounce-cmd" feature-list option in your Pine configuration. Note that Bounce may be administratively disabled by your system manager; if it doesn't work, please check with your local help desk before reporting a bug. View/Save Attachment Command The View/Save Attachment (V) command allows you to handle MIME attachments on a message you have received. Pine shows you a list of the message attachments--you just choose the attachment you want. You may either view or save the selected attachment. Because many attachments require external programs for display, there is some system configuration that has to happen before you can actually display attachments. Hopefully much of that will have been done already by your system administrator. MIME configuration is handled with the "mailcap" configuration file. (See the release notes for more information.) Flag Command Flag is the command which allows users to manipulate the status flags which appear on the left side of the FOLDER INDEX screen. The most common use of this is to mark a message as important. This is something of a note to yourself to get back to that message--it has no effect on the way in which Pine will treat the message. You can also use the flag command to set (or unset) the flags which indicate that a message is new, read or answered. Selecting Messages for Aggregate Operations Aggregate operations give you the ability to process a group of messages at once. Acting on multiple messages requires two steps: 1. selecting a set of messages and then 2. applying a command to that set. The first part is handled by the select (";") command. Select allows you to select messages based on their status (read, answered, etc.), contents (including fielded selections on header lines) or date. You also get certain quick options to select a specific message or range of messages, to select the current message or to select all messages. After you have an initial selection, the select command changes. It gives you selection "alteration" options: unselect all, unselect current, broaden (implements a logical OR), and narrow (implements a logical AND). You are allowed to use select as many times as you need to get the selected set right. Also, the venerable "WhereIs" (W) command has a new feature (Ctrl-X) to select all the messages which match the WhereIs search. WhereIs searches through just the text which appears on the FOLDER INDEX. The availability of the aggregate operations commands is determined by the "enable-aggregate-command-set" feature-list option in your Pine configuration. Note that aggregate commands may be administratively disabled by your system manager; if they don't work, please check with your local help desk before reporting a bug. Apply and Zoom Commands Apply (A) is the second step of most aggregate operations. Apply becomes active any time there is a defined set of selected messages. The following commands can be applied to a selected message set: delete, undelete, reply, forward, print, take address, save, export, flag, and (on Unix Pine) pipe to Unix command. The behavior of some of these commands in an aggregate sense is not easy to explain. Try them out to see what they do. One thing that we'll tell you in advance -- when you apply the forward command to a set of messages, the result is a single message in multipart/digest format. Pine never implements an implicit apply operation. The only way to have a command operate on the selected set is to use the apply command. Regular commands (delete, reply, flag, save, etc.) operate on the current message even if you have just selected a message set. Another action you might want to take on a set of selected messages is to zoom in on them. Like Apply, Zoom only becomes active when messages have been selected. Zoom (Z) is a toggle command which allows you to zoom-in (and only to see the selected messages) and zoom-out (to see all messages in the folder. Neither apply nor zoom removes the markings which define the selected set. MESSAGE COMPOSITION COMMANDS These commands are active in and/or releated to Pine's COMPOSE MESSAGE screen. Justify Command Pressing Ctrl-J forces Pine to reformat the text in the paragraph the cursor is on. A paragraph is separated by one blank line. This is useful when you have been editing a paragraph and the lines become uneven. The text is left aligned and the right is ragged. Pressing Ctrl-J when your cursor is on a formatted table or listing can have unwanted results -- if that happens, just press Ctrl-U immediately to unjustify what you have just done. Mark, Cut and Paste Commands The mark feature (Ctrl-^) allows you to mark any segment of text, cut it out (Ctrl-K), move the cursor, and paste it (Ctrl-U) in the new location. You can paste more than once, allowing you to use this feature to copy a block of text also. If you press Ctrl-K without having marked anything, Pine will delete a single line. If you delete a group of lines together, Pine keeps them in the same buffer, so Ctrl-U will restore them as a block. About terminology: Mark is shown as "^^". The first "^" means you should hold down the "Control" key on your keyboard. The second "^" means "type the character ^". Read File Command Pine allows you to read-in text files prepared previously outside of Pine. You will be prompted for the name of a file to be inserted into the message. The file name is relative to your home directory or must be a full path name on your system. The file will be inserted where the cursor is located. The file to be read-in must be on the same system as Pine. If you use Pine on a Unix machine but have files on a PC or Macintosh, the files must be transferred to the Unix system running Pine before they can be read-in. Please ask your local consultants about the correct way to transfer a file to your Pine system as the method will vary from site to site. You cannot use any wildcards in specifying the file to be included. You can type in the filename directly or use Pine's file browser to select one from the listing of files in your directory. Attach File Command The attach file command (Ctrl-J with the cursor in the header of a message) is the primary means of attaching an external file as a MIME attachment. The attachment will be encoded to ensure safe delivery at the receiving end -- which means that you can attach any file, text or binary, without problem. The file to be attached must be on the same system as Pine. If you use Pine on a Unix machine but have files on a PC or Macintosh, the files must be transferred to the Unix system running Pine before they can be read-in. Please ask your local consultants about the correct way to transfer a file to your Pine system as the method will vary from site to site. You cannot use any wildcards in specifying the file to be included. You can type in the filename directly or use Pine's file browser to select one from the listing of files in your directory. Postpone Message Command Pine's postpone feature allows you to postpone your work on a message. This is helpful when you need to use some other program or message to look up information or when you really need to be doing something else and don't have time to finish the message. Pine confirms the postponement by saying: [Composition postponed. Select Compose to resume.] Pine will postpone a message for the duration of the current session and even throughout subsequent Pine sessions. You may postpone as many messages as you like. Spell Check Command Spell-checking is only available on Unix Pine. Pressing Ctrl-T calls up the standard Unix spell checker. The spell cheker reads in all the new lines of text (those which do not begin with the ">") and passes them through the spell checker. The spell checker does not provide alternative spellings nor does it remember correct words from session to session. When you first use the spell checker it appears that it is jumping all around your message. The jumps are not random--the system is taking your message one word at a time in alphabetical order. For more information about personal dictionaries and alternate spell checking programs, see the spelling question in Pine's FAQ. Rich Headers Command Normally, Pine just shows you 4 header lines to fill out -- To:, Cc:, Attchmnt:, and Subject:. There are others -- Bcc:, Fcc:, Newsgroups: and possibly custom headers-- which are also available but not usually shown. When you press Ctrl-R in the message header, you can see and edit these hidden lines. _Bcc_ stands for _blind carbon copy_. Addresses listed in this field recieve a copy of the message, but do not appear in the header. A message author can use bcc: to get a message to a person without other recipients knowing about it. While that sounds rather sleazy, there are actually times when it is quite appropriate. For example, if a message is going to a large number of people, then it is good to put those names in the Bcc: field instead of the To: field. That way the recipients don't all get a copy of hundreds of email addresses at the start of the message. _Fcc_ stands for _folder carbon copy_. It is the place to specify the name of the folder or file which should hold a copy of the outgoing message. There is a space in the Pine configuration file to specify the default Fcc, but you can override the default on a message by message basis by changing whatever appears as the Fcc. In addition, Pine 3.90 give you the ability to specify a Fcc: appropriate for each entry in your address book. OTHER COMMANDS _________________________________________________________________ Whereis Command The WhereIs command (W) is available in many of Pine's screen. It searches through whatever "item" it is that you are looking at -- the current message, the current folder index, the address books, etc. WhereIs has special features to let you "find" the beginning (Ctrl-Y) or ending (Ctrl-V) of the item you are searching. Also, in the FOLDER INDEX screen, WhereIs can be used as a quick way to select messages, see the section on selecting messages for more on that. Full Headers Toggle Command Every email message comes with some header lines that you normally don't see. These include anywhere from 3-20 lines added by Internet mail transport system to record the route your message took, for diagnostic purposes. These are normally of no import and simply add clutter, so Pine suppresses them from MESSAGE TEXT display. There is, however, a way to reveal them. The Header Mode (H) command is a toggle which controls Pine's handling of these header lines. Normally, full headers is "off" and you only see a few lines about who a message is to and who it is from. When you press "H" to turn full headers on, Pine will show you the normal header lines as well as delivery headers, comment headers and MIME headers. Several different Pine commands honor the header mode -- it affects how messages are displayed, how they appear in forward and reply email, how they are saved and how they are exported. The presence or absence of the Header Mode command is determined by the "enable-full-header-cmd" feature-list option in your Pine configuration. Also, it may be administratively disabled by your system manager; if it doesn't work, please check with your local help desk before reporting a bug. Sort Command In Pine's generic configuration, messages are presented in the order in which they arrive. This default can be changed in the SETUP CONFIGURATION. You can also re-sort the folder on demand with the sort ($) command. Your sorting options are: Subject, Arrival, From, Date, siZe, OrderedSubject and Reverse. Some of the subtleties: sorting by subject will group all messages with the same subject together and then puts the groups in alphabetical order. Sorting by "ordered subject" does a grouping intended to simulate a "threaded" sort, and then presents each "thread" in order of the date of the first message in the group. Reverse simply reverses whatever the current sort order is. Sorting a folder does not actually rearrange the way the folder is saved, it just re-arranges how the messages are presented to you. This means that Pine has to do the work of sorting every time you change sort order. Sometimes, especially with PC-Pine or with large folders, this could take a while. Expunge/Exclude Command Expunge/Exclude is the command Pine uses to actually remove all messages marked for deletion. With regular email files, expunge literally deletes the text from the current folder. With newsgroups or shared mailboxes, you don't have permission to actually remove the message, so it is an exclude -- Pine removes the message from your view of the folder even though it is not technically gone. Next Interesting Message Command When you press the TAB key, Pine advances to the next "interesting" message. When you are using Pine to read email, that message is the next new or important message in the folder (a new message is one you have not read before; an important message is one you have flagged as important). When reading news folders, Pine cannot tell which messages you have read and which you have not, so the next "interesting" message is the next one which you have not yet deleted. Jump to Message Command This is Pine's way of allowing you to go straight to a specific message. Just press "J" and then enter the message number. Pine can also be configured such that typing in any number automatically jumps you to that message (see enable-jump-shortcut in the SETUP CONFIGURATION). Goto Folder Command Goto is the command which lets you bypass Pine's folder selection screens and jump directly to a new folder. You can select any folder in the world: one in your current collection, one in a different collection or one in a collection you've never even used before. Pine will help you as much as it can to narrow in on the folder you want. However, if the folder is outside of your defined collections, you are going to have to key in the exact folder location with the right syntax. See the section on IMAP folder syntax for more details on this. PINE AND ALTERNATE CHARACTER SETS Pine attempts to stay out of the way so that it won't prevent you from viewing mail in any character set. It will simply send the message to your display device. If the device is capable of displaying the message as it was written it will do so. If not, the display may be partially or totally incorrect. If the message is marked as being in a character set other than "US-ASCII" and it is a character set that is different from the set you have indicated with the "character-set" variable in your configuration, then a warning message will be printed to your screen at the beginning of the message display. In all cases Pine requires that the display device can handle the character set. For example, most X-terminals will display the ISO-8859-1 character set if the right font is selected. VT220's and higher also display ISO-8859-1. Displays for other characters sets are less common. SYNTAX FOR IMAP FOLDERS AND COLLECTIONS Pine users have the option of using folders which are stored on some other computer. Pine accesses remote folders via IMAP (the Internet Message Access Protocol), or in the case of news, via NNTP (the Network News Transport Protocol). Syntax for Folders To be able to access remote folders in Pine, the remote host must be running the appropriate server software (imapd or nntpd) and you must correctly specify the name of the folder to Pine, including the domain name of the remote machine. For example, "{monet.art.nowhere.edu}INBOX" is a remote folder specification, as is "{monet.art}~/mail/september-1994". As you can tell, the name of the computer is in {} brackets followed immediately by the name of the folder. If, as in these examples, there is no remote access protocol specified, then IMAP is assumed. There are certain markings which have special meanings in folder names: * A "*" in front of the folder specification means that the folder is a bulletin board -- shared access and no write privileges. Examples: *comp.mail.pine, *{wharhol.art.nowhere.edu}job-board * A folder name beginning with "#mh/" is an mh format folder. Examples: #mh/mail/sep-1994, {wharhol.art.nowhere.edu}#mh/mail/sep-1994 There are certain flags within remote folder names: * An "/anonymous" flag means anonymous IMAP access. Example: {wharhol.art.nowhere.edu/anonymous}job-board * A "/nntp" flag means NNTP protocol access. It cannot be used with the /anonymous flag. Example: *{news.nowhere.edu/nntp}comp.mail.pine Note that "INBOX" has special meaning in both local and remote folder specifications. The name INBOX refers to your "principal incoming message folder" and will be mapped to the actual file name used for your INBOX on any given host. Therefore, a name like "{xxx.art.nowhere.edu}INBOX" refers to whatever file is used to store incoming mail for you on that particular host. Syntax for Collections Folder collections are "places" to store folders. They roughly correspond to a filesystem "directory". Collections may be local or remote, but they must correspond to a pre-existing filesystem directory, i.e. Pine will not create any directory other than the original default. A valid local collection is just the specification of a directory on the local system followed by square brackets. For example, "ART-101\[]" may be valid on a PC and "exhibit/[]" may be valid on Unix. Pine also allows you to access a collection on a remote computer (provided it supports IMAP and you have the right to store folders on it.) To specify a remote folder collection, you need to give the name of the IMAP mail server, the name of the collection on that server, and the square brackets. For instance, "{wharhol.art.nowhere.edu}art-101/[]" is a remote collection. As you can tell, the name of the computer is in {} brackets followed immediately by the name of the collection. Collection syntax: {optional-imap-hostname}optional-directory-path[]