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Your search term(s) "diverticul*" returned 121 results.

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Laparoscopic Surgery of the Colon. IN: Wexner, S.; Stollman, N., eds. Diseases of the Colon. New York, NY: Informa Healthcare USA. 2007. pp 211-234.

This chapter about laparoscopic surgery of the colon is from a comprehensive text that offers chapters about each of the major colonic disorders. Each chapter is coauthored by at least one surgeon and one gastroenterologist to reflect the in-depth collaboration between these fields that is required for managing diseases of the colon. In this chapter, the authors describe laparoscopy, the visualization of the abdominal cavity, and the use of laparoscopy for both diagnosis and treatment. They note that the use of therapeutic laparoscopy in the management of colorectal diseases has been slower to evolve than that used in abdominal cavity procedures, including appendectomy, cholecystectomy, and hernia. Topics covered in this chapter include rectal prolapse, diverticular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, laparoscopic colectomy, resection for colorectal cancer, and complications and conversions in laparoscopic colonic surgery. Inflammatory processes such as Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and diverticulitis may present a hostile environment for the laparoscopic surgeon due to distorted anatomy, particularly if approached in the acute phase. Pelvic disorders such as rectal prolapse are challenging because they may require the advanced laparoscopic skills of intracorporeal suturing to achieve proper fixation of the rectum. Successful laparoscopic colorectal surgery for neoplastic diseases depends on the surgeon’s ability to perform an oncologically sound resection. The chapter includes black-and-white photographs and illustrations and concludes with an extensive list of references. 5 figures. 6 tables. 161 references.

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Overactive Bladder. IN: Atlas of Urodynamics. 2nd ed. Williston, VT: Blackwell Publishing Inc. 2007. pp 83-95.

The purpose of urodynamic testing is to measure and record various physiological variables while the patient is experiencing those symptoms which make up the presenting complaint. Overactive bladder (OAB) is defined by the International Continence Society as urgency to urinate, with or without urge incontinence, and usually presenting with frequency and nocturia. This chapter on OAB is from an atlas of urodynamics that provides a comprehensive, detailed look at the indications, technology, and use of urodynamics in modern urologic practice. The chapter begins with a brief section describing OAB and then presents case illustrations, accompanied by figures and black-and-white photographs of actual urodynamic tests. The authors define OAB as a symptom complex caused by one or more of these conditions: detrusor overactivity, sensory urgency, and low bladder compliance. Conditions causing or associated with OAB can include urinary tract infection (UTI), urethral obstruction, pelvic organ prolapse, neurogenic bladder, sphincteric incontinence, urethral diverticulum, bladder stones, foreign body, and bladder cancer. The authors stress that diagnostic evaluation should be directed at early detection of these conditions because in many instances the symptoms are reversible if the underlying etiology is successfully treated. 7 figures. 12 references.

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Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Dietary Fiber in Gastrointestinal Disease. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America. 36(1): 47-64. 2007.

The microecology of the gastrointestinal tract consists of the gastrointestinal tract itself, primarily the intestines, the foods that are fed into the tract, and the flora living within. In this ecology, normal flora and probiotics ferment dietary fiber and prebiotics to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and substances that are absorbed and that affect the host at the intestinal and systemic levels. This article, from a special issue of Gastroenterology Clinics of North America that covers nutrition in gastrointestinal illness, discusses prebiotics, probiotics, and dietary fiber in gastrointestinal disease. After a definition of the terms and concepts used, the authors discuss the role of these interventions on colon neoplasia, diverticular disease, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), constipation, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), pouchitis, diarrhea, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and hepatic encephalopathy. 108 references.

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Provocation Of Bleeding During Endoscopy in Patients With Recurrent Acute Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding. Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 3(7): 570-573. July 2007.

This brief article considers the problem of provocation of bleeding during endoscopy in people with recurrent acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). The authors caution that management of this problem is difficult because the bleeding tends to be intermittent and often ceases by the time of diagnostic or therapeutic intervention. They use a case report to illustrate the recommended patient approach. The case report features a 65-year-old man with two prior episodes of left-sided diverticular bleeding who was eventually diagnosed with a distal ileal carcinoid that was found as the source of his bleeding. The authors discuss the patient’s care and offer generalized recommendations for managing patients with recurrent acute GIB. The authors conclude that provocative testing should not be avoided for fear of causing uncontrollable hemorrhage because the anticoagulative effects of heparin are short-lived and are easily reversible with protamine. However, the optimal dosage for anticoagulation with heparin is not known and most likely will need to be individualized for each patient. Appended to the case report is a commentary by Steven B. Ingle and Jeffrey A. Alexander, who summarize some of the guidelines for managing recurrent obscure gastrointestinal bleeding. 22 references.

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Radiology of the Colon. IN: Thoeni, RF.; Thorton,R ., eds. Diseases of the Colon. . New York, NY: Informa Healthcare USA. 2007. pp 163-210.

This chapter about radiology of the colon is from a comprehensive text that offers chapters about each of the major colonic disorders. Each chapter is coauthored by at least one surgeon and one gastroenterologist to reflect the in-depth collaboration between these fields that is required for managing diseases of the colon. In this chapter, the authors describe the use of plain films, barium enema, defecography, cross-sectional imaging with magnetic resonance (MR) or computerized tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), nuclear studies for bleeding, and angiography and transcatheter techniques for gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Diseases and conditions diagnosed include extraluminal gas collections, colonic obstruction, volvulus, toxic megacolon, ischemic colitis, appendicitis, colitis, Crohn’s disease, polyps, cancer, and diverticulitis. The authors note that, in most cases, results with MR or CT for the colon are similar, but MR examinations are longer and some patients may experience claustrophobia. For functional abnormalities, for reduction of intussusception, and in screening for polyps and cancer, the double-contrast barium enema still has a role. For optimal staging of colorectal tumors, particularly for recurrence, PET is the emerging technique, used in combination with CT for assessment of primary site or scar versus recurrence, as well as metastases. The chapter includes black-and-white photographs and illustrations and concludes with an extensive list of references. 32 figures. 4 tables. 216 references.

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Rifaximin: Recent Advances in Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 3(6): 474-483. June 2007.

This article reviews data that have been presented at medical meetings or published in medical journals since the publication of a 2006 review of rifaximin in this journal. Rifaximin is an antibiotic that was initially developed to treat bacteria-related diarrhea, but its uses have increased as the understanding of the role of enteric bacteria has advanced. The author presents data that suggest rifaximin may be useful in several enteric conditions, including Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, cryptosporidial diarrhea, Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), pouchitis, traveler’s diarrhea, diverticular disease, hepatic encephalopathy, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, and irritable bowel syndrome. For each condition, the author reviews the related research, focusing on administration and dosage, as well as patient selection. The author concludes that rifaximin may be beneficial as monotherapy or in combination with other agents for the treatment of multiple enteric conditions. 2 figures. 5 tables. 72 references.

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Uncommon Cause of Recurrent Painless Gastrointestinal Bleeding in an Adult Male. Practical Gastroenterology. 31(8): 66, 68-69. August 2007.

This article presents the case of a 31-year-old male patient with recurrent, painless lower gastrointestinal bleeding of obscure origin. The patient underwent an extensive gastrointestinal (GI) workup, finally being diagnosed with Meckel’s diverticulum after the use of a Technetium 99m-pertechnate scan. The patient presented with the complaint of sudden onset of bright red blood per rectum; he had had a similar episode of massive GI bleeding 3 years prior. The Technetium 99m-pertechnate scan showed focal activity in the right hemi pelvis, medial to the iliac vessels. The findings were consistent with gastric mucosa containing Meckel’s diverticulum, which was subsequently resected laparoscopically. A brief discussion of this case is included, along with full-color laparoscopic images. 4 figures. 3 references.

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Understanding Diverticulosis. Oak Brook, IL: American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 2007. 2 p.

This brochure from the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) familiarizes readers with diverticulosis, a condition in which there are small pouches or pockets in the wall or lining of any portion of the digestive tract. The pouches associated with diverticulosis are most often located in the lower part of the large intestine, also called the colon. The brochure describes the risk factors for diverticulosis, the causes of the condition, the symptoms of diverticulosis, diagnostic tests used to confirm a diagnosis, treatment options, and complications from diverticulosis, notably diverticulitis. The brochure notes that most people do not have symptoms of diverticulosis, so the condition is found incidentally during a screening exam for another problem such as polyps. When diverticulosis is accompanied by abdominal pain, bloating, or constipation, patients may be advised to follow a high-fiber diet to help make stools softer and easier to pass. Diverticulitis occurs when the pouches become infected or inflamed; minor cases can be treated with oral antibiotics. The brochure concludes with a brief description of the activities of and contact information for the ASGE. The brochure is also available in Spanish.

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Videourodynamics. IN: Atlas of Urodynamics. 2nd ed. Williston, VT: Blackwell Publishing Inc. 2007. pp 62-68.

The purpose of urodynamic testing is to measure and record various physiological variables while the patient is experiencing those symptoms which make up the presenting complaint. Videourodynamics provides the synchronous measurement and display of urodynamic parameters with radiographic visualization of the lower urinary tract and is a precise diagnostic tool for evaluating disturbances of micturition. This chapter on videourodynamics is from an atlas of urodynamics that provides a comprehensive, detailed look at the indications, technology, and use of urodynamics in modern urologic practice. The chapter begins with a brief section describing how videourodynamics can be used and then presents case illustrations, accompanied by figures and black-and-white photographs of actual urodynamic tests. The authors also outline the technique and equipment used. Videourodynamics is used to evaluate overall bladder control; degree of cystocele and urethrocele at rest and with straining; the state of the bladder neck at rest and straining (closed, beaked, or open); the presence of vesicoureteral reflux, bladder or urethral diverticula or fistula; and the site of urethral obstruction. 4 figures. 6 references.

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What I Need to Know About Diverticular Disease. Bethesda, MD: National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. June 2007. 12 p.

Diverticular disease includes two conditions: diverticulosis and diverticulitis. Diverticulosis occurs when pouches, called diverticula, form in the colon. Diverticulitis occurs if the pouches become inflamed or infected. This brochure explains diverticular disease, its causes, and how it can be managed. Written in nontechnical language, the brochure covers a definition of diverticular disease, the typical symptoms of diverticular disease, the risk factors and causes of diverticular disease, how to know when to consult a health care provider, diagnostic tests to confirm the condition or determine the cause of the problem, treatment options for diverticulosis and diverticulitis, and self-care strategies to help manage the condition. The booklet includes a list of resources where readers can get more information, and a list of acknowledgements. A final section briefly describes the goals and work of the National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NDDIC). The brochure is illustrated with line drawings designed to clarify the concepts discussed in the text. 3 figures.

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